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considered this new principle was discovered. The problem was simple enough. A cheaper machine could be built if the amplitudes of the free and forced oscillations of the accelerating particles could be decreased in some way so that the vacuum chamber size and the cross-section of the magnet ring could be reduced. The simplest way to reduce the amplitude of the free oscillations is to increase the frequency by increasing the restoring force, and although this is easy to achieve in the vertical direction by increasing the magnetic field gradient, the condition for horizontal stability is violated if n exceeds unity.
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It became increasingly clear that if further progress was to be made in high energy nuclear physics by experiments using artificially accelerated particles some new principle must be found that would cheapen the cost per GeV. It was lucky for CERN that just at the time a
European machine was being
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by alternating the sign of the gradient of the magnetic field. The structure of the magnet is no longer uniform round the ring with a constant gradient but is broken up into sectors whose gradient is alternatively positive and
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Beth, R. A.; Lasky, C. (1958). "The
Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron: Construction of a massive nuclear research machine requires ideas, men, and methods from many fields".
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accelerators provide other ions to the AGS Booster. The AGS Booster then accelerates these particles for injection into the AGS. The AGS Booster also provides particle beams to the
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to energies that were previously unachievable. The AGS became the world's premiere accelerator when it reached its design energy of 33 billion electron volts (GeV) on July 29, 1960.
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Alternating Gradient Proton Synchrotron"
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Inward Bound: of matter and forces in the physical world
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Particle accelerator at
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34:A schematic view of the AGS complex at
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23:Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS)
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280:The new principle discovered by
189:Alternating Gradient Synchrotron
296:increases the frequency of the
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608:Lederman–Schwartz–Steinberger
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480:. Oxford University Press.
258:linear particle accelerator
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462:: CS1 maint: postscript (
216:strong-focusing principle
152:40.87430103°N 72.880168°W
102:10 protons per pulse
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449:al Vol. 2, Serie X, del
318:Nobel Prizes in Physics
252:and heavy ions such as
157:40.87430103; -72.880168
116:2,650 feet (810 m)
1438:Particle physics stubs
1377:–related article is a
358:by experimenting with
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476:Abraham Pais (1988).
298:betatron oscillations
662:Neutrino oscillation
262:Tandem Van de Graaff
197:particle accelerator
19:Particle accelerator
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108:Physical properties
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227:Proton Synchrotron
178:Dates of operation
44:General properties
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1383:expanding it
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961:Construction
693:Astronomical
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581:Cowan–Reines
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458:cite journal
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412:Adams, J. B.
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356:CP violation
348:James Cronin
334:
332:part of the
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312:Nobel Prizes
282:Christofilos
276:
250:proton beams
245:
243:
235:Nobel Prizes
224:
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186:
902:KamLAND-Zen
801:Accelerator
679:(divided by
574:Discoveries
447:Supplemento
445:, N. 1 del
429:: 355–374.
354:discovered
341:charm quark
246:AGS Booster
205:Long Island
168:Institution
155: /
131:Coordinates
70:Target type
65:, heavy ion
53:synchrotron
1422:Categories
1119:Kamiokande
1074:Gargamelle
978:Baikal-GVD
833:NA61/SHINE
818:MicroBooNE
399:References
290:Livingston
143:72°52′49″W
140:40°52′27″N
1274:Cancelled
1094:Homestake
1044:Cuoricino
1008:SuperNEMO
828:MiniBooNE
677:Operating
443:121596010
352:Val Fitch
301:negative.
59:Beam type
1320:See also
1265:WATCHMAN
1215:JEM-EUSO
1198:Proposed
1184:Soudan 2
1174:SciBooNE
907:MAJORANA
857:Collider
777:Daya Bay
721:Borexino
683:neutrino
529:17797589
414:(1955).
386:See also
339:and the
304:—
209:New York
121:Location
1245:Nucifer
1064:EXO-200
1017:Retired
973:ARIANNA
869:SND@LHC
823:MINERνA
782:KamLAND
770:Reactor
736:IceCube
706:ANTARES
685:source)
681:primary
667:SN 1987
509:Science
286:Courant
220:protons
195:) is a
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1286:LAGUNA
1230:LEGEND
1149:MINOS+
1124:KARMEN
1099:ICARUS
1069:GALLEX
1024:AMANDA
1003:KM3NeT
943:KATRIN
917:PandaX
792:STEREO
652:τ
647:ν
625:μ
620:ν
593:ν
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365:1988:
346:1980:
324:1976:
294:Snyder
89:33 GeV
63:proton
1373:This
1311:BOREX
1250:P-ONE
1220:GRAND
1205:CUPID
1164:OPERA
1144:MINOS
1139:MACRO
1079:GERDA
1049:DONUT
1034:Chooz
948:WITCH
936:Other
927:XMASS
897:CUORE
892:COBRA
887:AMoRE
864:FASER
808:ANNIE
761:SNEWS
746:NEVOD
716:BDUNT
701:ANITA
635:DONUT
439:S2CID
419:(PDF)
360:Kaons
1379:stub
1337:LNGS
1255:SBND
1235:LENA
1210:nEXO
1189:Utah
1169:RICE
1159:NEMO
1154:NARC
1134:LSND
1104:IGEX
1059:ERPM
1039:CNGS
1029:CDHS
998:JUNO
988:DUNE
983:BEST
922:SNO+
912:NEXT
879:0νββ
843:NuMI
838:NOvA
787:RENO
751:SAGE
731:HALO
726:BUST
525:PMID
482:ISBN
464:link
373:and
350:and
292:and
284:and
254:Gold
244:The
231:CERN
187:The
75:RHIC
1306:SOX
1260:UNO
1225:INO
1179:SNO
1129:KGF
1114:K2K
1109:IMB
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968:ARA
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741:LVD
711:ASD
517:doi
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343:.
335:J
330:J
191:(
100:×
98:5
38:.
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