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proletariat rather than the bourgeoisie (raising minimum wage, increasing labor rights, etc.) it is serving capitalist interests by meeting the demands of workers only enough to prevent an uprising that could threaten the system as a whole. Because the interests of the proletariat and the capitalist classes are counter to one another, the state is necessary to regulate the capitalist system and assure its preservation by forcing capitalists to agree to demands of workers to which they otherwise would not succumb.
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institutions (including legal ones) function in the long-term interests of capital and capitalism, rather than in the short-term interests of members of the capitalist class. Thus the state and its institutions have a certain degree of independence from specific elites in the ruling or capitalist class.
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view that the state can be viewed as the direct servant of the capitalist or ruling class. Whereas the instrumentalist position is that the institutions of the state are under the direct control of those members of the capitalist class in positions of state power, the structuralist position is that
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in the immediate future such as tax breaks, reduced minimum wages, government subsidies, etc. They maintain that when the state does not benefit the bourgeois class' short-term interests, it is acting on the behalf of its future interests. Accordingly, when the state seems to act on behalf of the
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perspective. In other words, the class character of the state can only be shown after policies are put in place and the outcome is observed. Because of this, he criticizes structural theories which attempt to prove the capitalist character of the state, claiming they do so on an unfounded basis:
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as taking a specifically capitalist form, not because particular individuals are in powerful positions, but because the state reproduces the logic of capitalist structure in its economic, legal, and political institutions. Hence, from a structuralist perspective one would argue that state
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state institutions must function so as to ensure the viability of capitalism more generally. In other words, state institutions must reproduce capitalist society as a whole. The debate between structural and instrumental
Marxists was characterized by the
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Structuralists differentiate between the long-term and short-term interests of the capitalist class in order to describe the necessity of the state to the capitalist system. Short-term interests of the bourgeoisie include policies that affect
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and his students. It was influential in France during the 1960s and 1970s, and also came to influence philosophers, political theorists and sociologists outside France during the 1970s. Other proponents of structural
Marxism were the
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and the bourgeoisie. By regulating these antagonisms rather than eliminating them which is thought impossible without violent revolutionâthe state serves to stabilize the capitalist system as a whole and preserve its existence.
426:
396:
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Poulantzas, N. & Miliband R. (1972). The
Problem of the Capitalist State. In R. Blackburn (ed.) Ideology in Social Science: Readings in Critical Social Theory. NY: Pantheon Books, pp. 238â262.
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Toward the middle of the 1970s and throughout the 1980s, Marxist theorists began to develop structuralist
Marxist accounts of the state, law, and crime. Structuralist Marxism disputes the
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that dominated many western universities during the 1970s. In contrast to other forms of
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because outcomes of the state's policies are empirically capitalist, it does not make the State a capitalist enterprise in its nature.
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and phenomenological
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Similar arguments have been made concerning structural theories of the capitalist nature of the state.
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Structural
Marxism posits that the state functions to serve the long-term interests of the
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Structural
Problems of the Capitalist State: Class Rule and the Political System
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averred that the class-character of the state could only be observed in an
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2456: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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The Rise and Fall of
Structural Marxism: Althusser and His Influence
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The Rise and Fall of
Structural Marxism: Althusser and His Influence
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Van den Berg, Axel (1980). "Critical Theory: Is There Still Hope?"
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Their Morals and Ours: The class foundations of moral practice
31:
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An Introduction to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital
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that examined objective structures, and he believed that
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The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2527:Reading Althusser: An Essay on Structural Marxism
2539:Althusser, L. (1971). Lenin and Philosophy. In
2344:Structural Marxism arose in opposition to the
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177:The Condition of the Working Class in England
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172:Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
2552:Heine Andersen and L. B. Kaspersen (ed.).
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317:Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses
192:The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte
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2472:Learn how and when to remove this message
2404:, the irreconcilable tension between the
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27:Marxist philosophy led by Louis Althusser
2648:, Vol. 86 No. 3 (Nov 1980), pp. 449â478.
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2611:. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing.
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322:Ways of Seeing
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35:
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24:
14:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
2714:
2703:
2702:Structuralism
2700:
2698:
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2690:
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2521:
2518:
2513:
2510:Benton, Ted.
2506:
2503:
2496:
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2473:
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2455:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2439:This section
2437:
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2316:
2315:structuralism
2312:
2308:
2304:
2293:
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2255:
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2201:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2171:Revolutionary
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2151:Authoritarian
2149:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
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2070:
2067:
2066:
2060:
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2037:
2034:
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2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
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1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1953:Moufawad-Paul
1951:
1949:
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1234:
1231:
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1216:
1214:
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1199:
1196:
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1120:
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1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1063:Eurocommunism
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1048:Austromarxism
1046:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1032:
1031:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
994:Communization
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
981:
980:
979:
974:
969:
968:Praxis School
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
935:
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926:
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913:
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901:
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891:
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840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
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822:
820:
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797:
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772:
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764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
743:
740:
735:
734:
727:
726:Working class
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
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697:
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689:
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539:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
507:Crisis theory
505:
502:
498:
495:
494:
491:
486:
485:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
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428:
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400:
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343:
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335:
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328:
325:
323:
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293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
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278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
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253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
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235:
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230:
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126:
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115:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73: â
72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
2662:
2653:
2645:
2640:
2632:
2624:
2608:
2591:
2585:
2576:
2567:
2561:
2553:
2548:
2540:
2535:
2526:
2520:
2511:
2505:
2489:
2483:
2468:
2462:January 2023
2459:
2448:Please help
2443:verification
2440:
2411:
2391:
2378:
2358:
2343:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2136:Municipalism
1948:Bhattacharya
1093:Situationist
1068:Instrumental
868:
721:State theory
686:Immiseration
681:Human nature
671:Exploitation
501:accumulation
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
2692:Neo-Marxism
2406:proletariat
2354:historicist
2324:sociologist
2099:Communalism
1498:Wallerstein
1088:Revisionist
819:Film theory
799:Criminology
794:Archaeology
706:Proletariat
691:Imperialism
604:Bourgeoisie
579:Wage labour
472:Reification
267:On Practice
2676:Categories
2497:References
2486:Claus Offe
2394:Bourgeosie
2156:Democratic
2021:Mediations
1633:Przeworski
1573:Poulantzas
1423:Sivanandan
1378:Bettelheim
1278:Horkheimer
1273:MariĂĄtegui
1248:Pashukanis
1173:Liebknecht
1103:Wertkritik
1043:Analytical
903:Trotskyism
878:Autonomist
869:Structural
849:Philosophy
789:Aesthetics
574:Value-form
542:Capitalist
447:Alienation
440:Philosophy
197:Grundrisse
82:newspapers
2422:Criticism
2313:based on
2203:Economism
2166:Reformist
2146:Socialism
2094:Communism
2074:Anarchism
1928:Coulthard
1853:McDonnell
1813:Screpanti
1723:Rowbotham
1588:Harnecker
1398:Althusser
1338:Deutscher
1178:Kollontai
1168:Luxemburg
1148:Plekhanov
1078:Nkrumaism
989:Classical
963:Political
888:Guevarism
844:Sociology
824:Geography
644:Democracy
592:Sociology
547:Socialist
512:Commodity
2340:Overview
2329:and the
2129:Old Left
2124:New Left
1991:Antipode
1985:Journals
1888:Heinrich
1863:Roediger
1858:Douzinas
1848:Hennessy
1803:Holloway
1718:Hartsock
1708:Eagleton
1693:Federici
1668:Bannerji
1643:Therborn
1623:RanciĂšre
1618:Easthope
1598:Anderson
1593:Altvater
1493:O'Connor
1488:MĂ©szĂĄros
1483:Guattari
1438:Thompson
1428:Miliband
1408:Williams
1393:Hobsbawm
1368:Emmanuel
1348:Beauvoir
1313:Lefebvre
1258:Benjamin
1223:Bukharin
1203:Zinoviev
1198:Grossman
1183:Bogdanov
1158:Connolly
1138:Lafargue
1083:Orthodox
1053:Centrist
1004:Leninism
999:Feminist
948:Humanist
929:Hegelian
457:Ideology
139:a series
137:Part of
112:May 2009
2490:ex post
2350:science
2228:Outline
2181:Utopian
1958:Srnicek
1943:Toscano
1938:Seymour
1893:Prashad
1843:Sankara
1838:Berardi
1823:Hampton
1798:Burawoy
1768:Panitch
1763:Haraway
1753:Cleaver
1738:Brenner
1703:Balibar
1658:Postone
1648:Losurdo
1578:Vattimo
1548:Gonzalo
1543:Jameson
1533:Parenti
1473:Liebman
1468:Guevara
1358:Nkrumah
1353:Sombart
1328:Padmore
1298:Kalecki
1293:Marcuse
1253:Bordiga
1238:Gramsci
1193:Trotsky
1153:Du Bois
1143:Kautsky
1019:Western
898:Titoism
783:Aspects
739:History
659:Radical
497:Capital
202:Capital
147:Marxism
96:scholar
2631:(ed.)
2398:Engels
2176:Social
2161:Market
1963:Horvat
1918:Fisher
1913:Linera
1908:Lordon
1898:Kelley
1883:Marcos
1878:Ghandy
1868:Foster
1793:Fraser
1788:Wright
1778:Jessop
1773:Clarke
1758:Bishop
1748:Massey
1728:Mouffe
1678:Newton
1673:Spivak
1663:Rodney
1628:Berman
1583:Badiou
1563:Laclau
1558:Harvey
1553:Dussel
1513:Debord
1508:Tronti
1478:Heller
1463:Castro
1458:Berger
1443:Bauman
1433:Cabral
1418:Mandel
1413:Freire
1403:Hinton
1383:Draper
1363:Sweezy
1333:Sartre
1323:Adorno
1288:Brecht
1243:Galiev
1218:Korsch
1213:LukĂĄcs
1188:Stalin
1133:Morris
1128:Engels
1116:People
893:Maoism
814:Ethics
654:Soviet
377:Empire
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
2627:. In
1973:Saito
1968:Hamza
1833:ĆœiĆŸek
1818:TamĂĄs
1783:Davis
1743:Davis
1733:Geras
1698:Wolff
1683:Sakai
1638:Cohen
1613:Sison
1608:Vogel
1568:Bahro
1538:Negri
1528:Nairn
1453:Kosik
1448:Fanon
1388:Jones
1343:Hoxha
1318:James
1303:Fromm
1233:Serge
1208:Bloch
1163:Lenin
984:Black
609:Class
103:JSTOR
89:books
1933:Malm
1903:Dean
1873:West
1828:Cano
1808:Rose
1713:Kurz
1688:Wood
1653:Ture
1603:Löwy
1523:Hall
1518:Amin
1503:Mies
1373:Hill
1283:Dutt
1268:Basu
1123:Marx
1014:Post
976:Both
958:Open
75:news
2661:".
2452:by
1308:Cox
1263:Mao
1009:Neo
58:by
2678::
2616:^
2600:^
2376:.
1923:Li
1228:Ho
141:on
2570:.
2529:.
2475:)
2469:(
2464:)
2460:(
2446:.
2291:e
2284:t
2277:v
503:)
499:(
125:)
119:(
114:)
110:(
100:·
93:·
86:·
79:·
52:.
20:)
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