119:, who was appointed Grand Vizier to Suleiman in 1523, are unclear, but Gritti won favor with Ibrahim, who entrusted him with great responsibilities, making him a business partner. It is possible that Ibrahim Pasha was influenced by his childhood ties to Venice, as he was born on the Venetian island of Parga. Regardless, Ibrahim Pasha seems to have sought Grittiâs opinion on matters pertaining to foreign policy and he and the sultan are known to have visited Grittiâs house in Galata. Also in 1523 Grittiâs father ascended to the position of doge of Venice, a move that furthered Grittiâs political power. Gritti was known as the âPrinceâs Sonâ and was likely partially responsible for Ibrahim Pashaâs favorable policies towards Venice.
147:'s forces while Gritti was supposed to be attending a peace conference regarding the status of Hungary in this imperial conflict. In exchange for the support of Gritti and the Ottomans, ZĂĄpolya gave Gritti the title of Governor of Hungary and Gritti handed down the role of bishop of Erlau to his son, Antonio. However, anonymous letters to Ferdinand I in 1528 and 1529 indicated that this decision had already been made at the time of their writing. In this instance, it was indicated that Ottoman Grand Vizier
20:
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loans to many government officials. Since he was born into a power family with his father as the Doge of Venice, he was also already well-acquainted with this level of society, and had many strong political connections throughout Europe. These made him particularly useful as an expert on
European affairs to the Ottomans, and subsequently in working in diplomacy for them.
99:
added a fourth. Regardless, Gritti spent his childhood in
Constantinople. He studied at the University of Padua, likely after traveling from Constantinople with his father in 1502. As an illegitimate child, Gritti was unable to hold high-ranking positions in Venice, but this barrier did not exist in Constantinople, to which he returned in 1506.
201:) and the rest of Christendom. In consequence of this the armies of the Turk, consisting of about 1,500 light horse and 22,000 hackbutiersâthe whole force to be paid by the king of Franceâare about to invade Christendom. And it is the opinion of one of the spies that Gritti himself with his confederates will invade Croatia,
155:
to the Sultan for their alliance. Upon his official appointment to the role, however, the lesser nobility saw this unfavorably, as they feared it gave Gritti too much power and that he may have aspirations for the throne. This was also furthered by their sentiments that it was abnormal for
Hungarian
126:
In 1527 Gritti supported King John I of
Hungary against Ferdinand I of Habsburg, who wanted the crown for himself. He soon became one of the most important allies of King John and served as ambassador between the monarch and the Turkish sultan. In 1528 the grand vizier, according to reports, planned
159:
During the time of his reign, he still carried on his role in the jewel trade and utilized it as an important tool within his political work. Due to continued tensions with
Ferdinand I, Gritti and Ibrahim Pasha commissioned the creation of SĂŒleyman the Magnificent's Venetian Helmet in 1532 in order
122:
Gritti never converted to Islam, and kept his faith to
Christianity along with his Christian name, despite the usual necessity of doing so to gain high-ranking positions within the Ottoman government. Instead, he used his wealth to greatly bolster his political power, including by giving frequent
107:
Stationing himself in Galata, across the Golden Horn from
Constantinople, Gritti became involved in banking and trade, particularly with Venice. Though trading in a variety of goods, such as saltpeter, salt milk, clothes, saffron, tin, and wine, grain and gems were some of Grittiâs most prominent
160:
to display the Sultan's power over the Pope and the
Christian empires that challenged him and his right to universal rule The helmet was designed by Gritti himself, along with a scepter and a crystal mirror that accompanied the piece for the Sultan. He had it modelled after the crown created for
98:
mentions only three, citing one of Gritti's father's political opponents who argued that "one who has three bastard sons in Turkey should not be made Doge." Given that names exist for four sons, it seems more likely that this piece of political invective left out a son than that historians have
112:. His success was evidenced by his luxurious palazzo, with expansive gardens, stables, and numerous servants, stables, as well as by extravagant garments and jewelry. His court was host to feasts and entertainments, as well as Italian merchants and humanists.
196:
two of Gritti's spies. They have confessed that Gritti, in the name of the
Turkish Emperor, has made an alliance with the kings of England and France and also with several other princes against His Imperial and Royal Majesties (Charles and his brother
151:, who owed a significant debt to Gritti, made an agreement with Gritti and the Sultan to have Gritti become Governor. Therefore, Ibrahim Pasha had this deal confirmed in negotiations with ZĂĄpolya, and in return, the Hungarians would not have to pay
127:
to take him on the projected campaign into
Hungary where Gritti was to get "an important archbishopric plus a piece of the archduchy of Austria once the Turks had taken them." Lodovico stayed in the city of
781:
139:
In 1529, Gritti began receiving promotions for his role in Hungary under the Sultan. At first, he became the great treasurer and a Bishop of Erlau. Afterwards, in 1530, Gritti defended
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168:, but with an added fourth tier, instead of the three tiers featured on the Pope's. It was then showcased in an extravagant parade and at a viewing at the
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ventures. The former was imported to Venice, while the latter found a patron in the sultan. Gritti was thus involved in the creation and presentation of
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customs, as there had historically only been a governor before when the king was a child, and therefore only when the king was not yet fit to rule.
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Gritti's attempt to take over Transylvania caused a general uprising but in the end he was killed along with his two sons at the siege of
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NecipoÄlu, GĂŒlru (1989). "SĂŒleyman the Magnificent and the Representation of Power in the Context of Ottoman-Hapsburg-Papal Rivalry".
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515:"PETRU RAREĆ AND LUDOVICO GRITTI. THE STORY ABOUT DIFFICULT RELATIONS BETWEEN THE RULER OF MOLDOVA AND THE TURKISH SPY IN HUNGARY"
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mistress. Alvise was one of these sons. The commonly cited number of sons is four, Pietro, Alvise, Lorenzo, and Zorzi; however,
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for about twenty years before returning as a diplomat on behalf of Venice. During this time Andrea had multiple sons with a
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will create disturbances in Germany, and so distress Christendom that His Imperial Majesty will find himself in trouble."
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The role of Alvise Gritti within the Ottoman politics in the context of the "Hungarian Question" (1526-1534)
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The role of Alvise Gritti within the Ottoman politics in the context of the "Hungarian Question" (1526-1534)
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The role of Alvise Gritti within the Ottoman politics in the context of the "Hungarian Question" (1526-1534)
205:, and Hungary, and try if he can conquer those countries. Meanwhile the dukes of Bavaria and Wurtemberg and
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607:"Prophecy and Politics in Istanbul: Charles V, Sultan Suleyman, and the Habsburg Embassy of 1533-1534"
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731:
701:
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Peter G. Bietenholz, Thomas B. Deutscher (2003). Contemporaries of Erasmus: a biographical register.
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The Papacy and the Levant (1204â1571), Volume III: The Sixteenth Century to the Reign of Julius III
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The Papacy and the Levant (1204â1571), Volume III: The Sixteenth Century to the Reign of Julius III
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Government of the Ottoman Empire in the Time of Suleiman the Magnificent by Albert Lybyer, p 197
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Albert Lybyer (1913). Government of the Ottoman Empire in the Time of Suleiman the Magnificent.
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216:. His remains were buried in the church of St. Francis in MediaÈ in modern-day Romania.
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188:, "I heard a few days ago that the Captain-General of Croatia apprehended and sent to (
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Ferenc Szakaly (1995). Lodovico Gritti in Hungary: 1529-1534: a historical insight.
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Contemporaries of Erasmus: A Biographical Register of the Renaissance and Reformation
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first as King John's advisor, and then between 1530 and 1534 as regent of Hungary.
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Calendar of State Papers, Spain, Volume 4 Part 2: 1531-1533 (1882), pp. 858-868
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30:(also Ludovico or Lodovico Gritti, born 29 September 1480, died 1534,
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The Last Muslim Conquest: The Ottoman Empire and Its Wars in Europe
296:. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 128, 176.
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483:. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society. p. 301.
241:. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society. p. 89.
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704:: Ludovico Gritti: Eine Monographie. BiblioBazaar. July 2009 .
314:. In Bietenholz, Peter G.; Deutscher, Thomas Brian (eds.).
143:'s rule over Hungary from an unexpected siege on Buda by
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On 9 November 1533, the governor of Marano wrote to
782:People from the Ottoman Empire of Greek descent
578:Arabe (Paris), Institut du Monde (2007-01-01).
350:, vol. 4 (3 ed.), Brill Publishers,
58:from 1530 to 1534. He was the natural son of
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318:. University of Toronto Press. p. 135.
777:16th-century people from the Ottoman Empire
115:The origins of Grittiâs relationship with
110:SĂŒleyman the Magnificent's Venetian Helmet
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611:Journal of Early Modern History
356:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_30132
199:Ferdinand, then King of Bohemia
86:, lived in Constantinople as a
552:(Thesis). Bilkent University.
453:. Princeton University Press.
428:(Thesis). Bilkent University.
268:(Thesis). Bilkent University.
207:the count (landgrave) of Hesse
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605:Finlay, Robert (1998-01-01).
447:Ăgoston, GĂĄbor (2023-09-12).
186:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
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762:Republic of Venice diplomats
513:Niemczyk, Katarzyna (2019).
757:Republic of Venice nobility
294:Venetians in Constantinople
66:during the reign of Sultan
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752:University of Padua alumni
342:Pedani, Maria Pia (2016),
742:Politicians from Istanbul
584:. Yale University Press.
70:and who later became the
292:Dursteler, Eric (2006).
46:under the reign of King
623:10.1163/157006598X00072
64:Bailo of Constantinople
797:16th-century governors
348:Encyclopaedia of Islam
310:Lowry, M.J.C. (2003).
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373:The Sultan's Favorite
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117:Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha
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671:(in Italian). Rome:
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135:Governor of Hungary
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475:Setton, Kenneth M.
375:. pp. 280â88.
233:Setton, Kenneth M.
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710:978-1-113-08717-1
591:978-0-300-12430-9
460:978-0-691-20539-7
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631:1385-3783
522:Tyragetia
194:Ljubljana
192:city of)
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
