267:. In a documentary film made just before his death in 2005, AKR reveals that he was extremely passionate about mathematics right from his schooldays and solving problems would give him immense pleasure. He recalls in the documentary how his grade 9th teacher credited him for discovering a simpler solution for a mathematics problem. May be the fact that his father was a mathematics teacher in a school also inspired him. At the same time, as his father was not so 'successful' so to say, he was discouraged to take up mathematics, his first choice, as honours subject in college.
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33:
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find its place in venerable textbooks on general relativity and relativistic cosmology. The equation will stand firm so long
Einstein's GTR stands. The equation remains a prime tool to investigate the behaviour of black hole horizons. One would wonder if there is any research work of such grade to have emerged in post-independent India.
323:
The first mention of the term 'Raychaudhuri
Equation' appeared in a research paper published in 1965 by George F.R. Ellis and Stephen Hawking. The Raychaudhuri equation hit the zenith of fame as it was a key tool in the hands of young relativists like Stephen Hawking and Roger Penrose in the middle
319:
In general relativity, the
Raychaudhuri equation plays a significant role to explain the space-time singularities and gravitational focusing properties in cosmology. He aimed to address the fundamental question of singularity in the most simple and general form with no reference to any symmetry and
327:
There is such wide acceptability of this equation like other notable equations in physics like 'the Dirac equation and
Schroedinger equation' that nobody cares about its origin or date of publication. The Raychaudhuri equation paved the way for later research into the singularity problem. It would
324:
of the late 1960s in their attempt to answer the question on the existence of space-time singularities and to explain the theory of universe. In fact, this equation is important as a fundamental lemma for the
Penrose-Hawking singularity theorems.
282:(IACS), but to his frustration was required to work on the properties of metals rather than general relativity. Despite these adverse pressures, he was able to derive and publish the equation which is now named for him a few years later.
622:
1244:
312:, and remained there until his superannuation. He became a well-known scientific figure in the 1970s, and was the subject of a short documentary film completed shortly before his death.
381:
658:
644:
1249:
297:, Raychaudhuri was sufficiently emboldened to submit a doctoral dissertation, and received his Doctor of Science degree at the University of Calcutta (with one of the examiners,
279:
168:
735:
552:
1219:
259:) on 14 September 1923, to Surabala and Sureshchandra Raychaudhuri. He was just a child when the family migrated to Kolkata. He had his early education in
1254:
287:
232:
614:
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and he joined Indian
Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS) in 1945 as a research scholar. In 1952, he took a research job with the
1229:
1214:
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32:
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231:, which demonstrates that singularities arise inevitably in general relativity and is a key ingredient in the proofs of the
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917:
752:
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100:
1007:
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He was elected member of the
International Committee on General Relativity and Gravitation for the period 1974–83.
947:
271:
105:
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770:"For the Pursuit of Excellence – Contribution of Prof. Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri in the field of Astrophysics"
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110:
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405:
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Some years later, having learned that his 1955 paper was highly regarded by notable physicists, such as
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264:
228:
121:
792:
659:"Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri: The Bengal Connection to Penrose's Physics Nobel for Black Hole Discoveries"
645:"Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri: The Bengal Connection to Penrose's Physics Nobel for Black Hole Discoveries"
473:
203:
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1199:
186:
420:
275:
154:
825:
727:
544:
220:
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1063:
1036:
50:
377:
Awarded
Professor A.C. Banerji Memorial Lecture Award (1989) by National Academy of Sciences.
815:
807:
719:
536:
820:
756:
401:
164:
750:
Documentary on Amal Kumar
Raychaudhuri, the renowned theoretical physicist from Kolkata"
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829:
731:
707:
548:
524:
769:
495:
1115:
1084:
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1030:
874:
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Dipayan Pal wrote of
Raychaudhuri for Science Reporter (CSIR, NISCAIR) in 2018:
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909:
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He earned B.Sc. from the Presidency College in 1942 and M.Sc. in 1944 from
252:
76:
46:
1163:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy
1143:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy
939:
248:
1056:
Raychaudhuri, A. K.; Banerji, S.; Banerjee, A. (14 November 2003).
447:
Classical Theory of Electricity and Magnetism: A Course of Lectures
969:
342:
235:. Raychaudhuri was also revered as a teacher during his tenure at
320:
any specific property of space-time and energy distribution.
304:
In 1961, Raychaudhuri joined the faculty of his alma mater,
382:
Inter-University Centre of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune
301:
recording special appreciation of the work done) in 1959.
1169:
Interview with Professor Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri (2003),
615:"No Big Bang, the universe was there all along: studies"
343:
Indian Association of General Relativity and Gravitation
1185:
The life and work of Professor Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri
686:
The life and work of Professor Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri
394:
He was conferred Vainu Bappu Memorial Award (1991) by
374:
Honorary Fellow of the Astrophysical Society of India
227:. His most significant contribution is the eponymous
196:
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160:
150:
135:
127:
117:
96:
88:
61:
39:
23:
280:Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
215:(14 September 1923 – 18 June 2005) was an Indian
169:Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
1245:Academic staff of Presidency University, Kolkata
1059:General Relativity, Astrophysics, and Cosmology
793:"A. K. Raychaudhuri and his equation ~Springer"
441:General Relativity, Astrophysics, and Cosmology
8:
1250:Academic staff of the University of Calcutta
20:
1062:. Springer Science & Business Media.
1032:Classical Mechanics: A Course of Lectures
875:"Fellowship | Indian Academy of Sciences"
819:
438:Classical Mechanics: A Course of Lectures
286:is a key ingredient in the proofs of the
904:
902:
900:
841:
839:
341:During 1980–82, he was President of the
1159:"The Legacy of Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri"
974:The National Academy of Sciences, India
708:"The legacy of Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri"
525:"The legacy of Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri"
457:
263:and later completed matriculation from
1010:from the original on 10 September 2017
518:
516:
1220:Presidency University, Kolkata alumni
1116:"Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri (1923–2005)"
910:"INSA :: Deceased Fellow Detail"
7:
738:from the original on 2 January 2018.
613:Desikan, Shubashree (5 March 2015).
608:
606:
288:Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems
233:Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems
920:from the original on 2 January 2018
885:from the original on 18 August 2017
555:from the original on 2 January 2018
980:from the original on 13 April 2015
357:Emeritus Fellow from 1986 to 1988.
14:
1255:People from the Bengal Presidency
950:from the original on 28 June 2017
863:from the original on 6 July 2017.
854:insaindia.res.in/BM/BM30_0608.pdf
625:from the original on 21 June 2017
1134:Narlikar, J. V. (January 2006),
1000:"INSA :: Awards Recipients"
591:from the original on 6 July 2017
202:
31:
706:Sen, Parongama (1 April 2008).
523:Sen, Parongama (1 April 2008).
396:Indian National Science Academy
389:Indian National Science Academy
362:Indian National Science Academy
1240:20th-century Indian physicists
821:11858/00-001M-0000-0013-4825-8
1:
1225:University of Calcutta alumni
1180:Biography at insaindia.res.in
1157:Sen, Parongama (April 2008),
633:– via www.thehindu.com.
419:Honorary Visiting Professor,
360:He was elected Fellow of the
347:He was elected Fellow of the
1230:People from Barisal District
1215:Hindu School, Kolkata alumni
1083:Raychaudhuri, A. K. (1979).
1029:Raychaudhuri, A. K. (1983).
780:: 36–37 – via NISCAIR.
369:National Academy of Sciences
219:, known for his research in
16:Indian physicist (1923–2005)
1035:. Oxford University Press.
391:Senior Scientist (1988–91).
299:Prof John Archibald Wheeler
247:Raychaudhuri was born in a
173:Presidency College, Kolkata
1276:
940:"Fellow of the INSA (FNA)"
349:Indian Academy of Sciences
1136:"Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri"
847:"Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri"
812:10.1007/s12043-007-0106-5
724:10.1007/s12045-008-0011-3
575:"Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri"
563:– via ResearchGate.
541:10.1007/s12045-008-0011-3
466:"Calcutta : KnowHOW"
308:then affiliated with the
201:
192:
143:
30:
1114:Dadhich, Naresh (2005),
791:Ehlers, J. (July 2007).
1260:Scientists from Kolkata
496:"Presidency University"
333:Honours and recognition
213:Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri
25:Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri
330:
310:University of Calcutta
261:Tirthapati Institution
111:University of Calcutta
1086:Theoretical Cosmology
768:Pal, Dipayan (2018).
444:Theoretical Cosmology
428:Selected Publications
414:Vidyasagar University
317:
284:Raychaudhuri equation
265:Hindu School, Kolkata
229:Raychaudhuri equation
122:Raychaudhuri equation
1004:www.insaindia.res.in
914:www.insaindia.res.in
755:7 March 2016 at the
187:Narayan Chandra Rana
1210:People from Barisal
1089:. Clarendon Press.
421:Jadavpur University
380:Honorary Fellow of
276:Calcutta University
251:family coming from
155:Theoretical physics
1235:Bengali physicists
410:Kalyani University
406:Burdwan University
306:Presidency College
237:Presidency College
221:general relativity
101:Presidency College
1096:978-0-19-851462-6
1069:978-0-387-40628-2
1042:978-0-19-561343-8
647:. 9 October 2020.
210:
209:
145:Scientific career
51:Bengal Presidency
43:14 September 1923
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774:Science Reporter
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665:. 9 October 2020
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511:
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485:
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472:. Archived from
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179:Notable students
89:Other names
72:
70:
35:
21:
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1123:Current Science
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757:Wayback Machine
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500:presiuniv.ac.in
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489:
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477:
476:on 4 March 2016
464:
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272:Science College
245:
185:
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165:Asutosh College
109:
106:Science College
104:
84:
74:
68:
66:
57:
44:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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991:
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760:
741:
718:(4): 308–309.
698:
676:
663:www.news18.com
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566:
535:(4): 308–309.
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367:Fellow of the
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295:Pascual Jordan
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118:Known for
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75:
73:(aged 81)
63:
59:
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45:
41:
37:
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879:www.ias.ac.in
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470:The Telegraph
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451:
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411:
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402:Honoris causa
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64:
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55:British India
52:
48:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1162:
1147:, retrieved
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1126:
1122:
1085:
1078:
1058:
1051:
1031:
1024:
1012:. Retrieved
1003:
994:
982:. Retrieved
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964:
952:. Retrieved
943:
934:
922:. Retrieved
913:
887:. Retrieved
878:
869:
853:
803:
799:
786:
777:
773:
763:
744:
715:
711:
701:
692:11 September
690:, retrieved
685:
679:
667:. Retrieved
662:
653:
639:
627:. Retrieved
618:
593:. Retrieved
581:
569:
557:. Retrieved
532:
528:
505:19 September
503:. Retrieved
499:
490:
478:. Retrieved
474:the original
469:
460:
326:
322:
318:
314:
303:
292:
269:
246:
212:
211:
161:Institutions
144:
65:18 June 2005
18:
1205:2005 deaths
1200:1923 births
944:iacs.res.in
806:(1): 7–14.
239:, Kolkata.
81:West Bengal
1194:Categories
1108:References
423:, Kolkata.
274:campus of
257:Bangladesh
183:Ashoke Sen
131:Nomita Sen
69:2005-06-19
1129:: 569–570
1014:1 January
984:1 January
970:"Awardee"
954:1 January
924:1 January
889:1 January
830:120398395
732:122069175
712:Resonance
629:2 January
619:The Hindu
595:1 January
559:2 January
549:122069175
529:Resonance
480:2 January
225:cosmology
217:physicist
197:Signature
97:Education
1008:Archived
978:Archived
948:Archived
918:Archived
883:Archived
858:Archived
753:Archived
736:Archived
623:Archived
586:Archived
553:Archived
364:in 1987.
351:in 1982.
255:(now in
136:Children
108:(M.Sc.)
103:(B.Sc.)
800:Pramana
669:21 June
387:He was
253:Barisal
113:(D.Sc.)
83:, India
77:Kolkata
67: (
47:Barisal
1175:Part 2
1173:&
1171:Part 1
1149:4 July
1093:
1066:
1039:
828:
730:
547:
249:Baidya
243:Career
151:Fields
128:Spouse
1165:: 309
1145:: 169
1139:(PDF)
1119:(PDF)
861:(PDF)
850:(PDF)
826:S2CID
796:(PDF)
728:S2CID
589:(PDF)
578:(PDF)
545:S2CID
452:Notes
433:Books
404:from
1151:2013
1091:ISBN
1064:ISBN
1037:ISBN
1016:2018
986:2018
956:2018
926:2018
891:2018
694:2021
671:2021
631:2018
597:2018
561:2018
507:2019
482:2018
412:and
223:and
62:Died
40:Born
816:hdl
808:doi
720:doi
537:doi
355:UGC
92:AKR
1196::
1161:,
1141:,
1127:89
1125:,
1121:,
1006:.
1002:.
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972:.
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912:.
899:^
881:.
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856:.
852:.
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893:.
832:.
818::
810::
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599:.
539::
509:.
484:.
416:.
398:.
384:.
371:.
139:4
71:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
