33:
82:
57:
498:
occurs typically after soil temperature alternation, as this is required to break seed dormancy. Waterhemp has been found to germinate in a wide range of soil and temperature conditions. It has been found to germinate 17 years after seed set.
965:
Leon RG, Knapp AD, Owen MDK (2004) Effect of temperature on the germination of common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus), giant foxtail (Setaria faberi), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti). Weed
Science: Vol. 52, No. 1 pp.
1059:
Rayburn, A. Lane, McCloskey, R., Tatum, Tatiana C., Bollero, German A., Jeschke, Mark R., Tranel, Patrick J. Genome Size
Analysis of Weedy Amaranthus Species. Crop Sci 2005 45: 2557-2562
506:, due to having separate male and female plants, it does not require any vectors for pollination. This allows for wind pollination over large distances, generating a large amount of
1148:
Bernards, Mark L.; Crespo, Roberto J.; Kruger, Greg R.; Gaussoin, Roch; Tranel, Patrick J. (2012). "A Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) Population
Resistant to 2,4-D".
567:
Extension recommends a preemergence application followed by one or more postemergence applications. Some populations of tall waterhemp have been reported resistant to
518:
has been reported to produce from between 300,000 and 5,000,000 seeds per plant. Tall waterhemp also has a rapid growth rate, 50–70% greater than other annual weeds.
411:
plant. The seedhead branches in the female are numerous, short, and smooth. The male seedhead branches are fewer, longer, and more slender than those of the female.
1710:
1378:
1011:
Burnside, O.C., R.G. Wilson, S.Weisberg and K.G. Hubbard. Seed longevity of 41 weed species buried 17 years in eastern and western
Nebraska. Weed Sci. 44:74-86.
466:
zones. It also thrives along roadways and railroads as well as agricultural fields. It can grow in a variety of climates, as evidenced by its widespread range.
1466:
588:
1790:
494:. One study observed 80% emergence not occurring until ten weeks after the initial emergence. Extreme temperatures have little effect on seed viability.
587:
and other diphenyl ether herbicides has been reported. Even more alarming is the emergence of waterhemp resistant to the latest generation of herbicides,
486:
can span several months and often occurs later in the season than other annual weeds, allowing the weed to evade typical weed control strategies such as
1671:
1326:
740:
1723:
1684:
1404:
1339:
650:
630:
drawing from
Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. Vol. 2: 6.
1538:
697:
563:
Because of the long germination window for tall waterhemp, a single herbicide application is unlikely to be an effective control strategy.
1800:
1068:
Southern Weed
Science Society. 1998. Weeds of the United States and Canada. CD-ROM. Southern Weed Science Society. Champaign, Illinois
888:
1805:
983:
813:
614:, the most effective control of tall waterhemp is achieved by cultural practices that promote growth of the desired vegetation.
1697:
1365:
368:. It is a summer annual broadleaf with a germination period that lasts several months. Tall waterhemp has been reported as a
596:
1728:
1517:
1409:
1453:
1020:
Hartzler, R.G., B.A. Battles and D. Refsell. 2004. Effect of common waterhemp emergence date on growth and fecundity in
956:
Weekly emergence of waterhemp and giant ragweed in Ames, IA. 2000. Sandell, Buhler and
Hartzler, Iowa State University
1391:
1086:
1245:
731:
1599:
1134:
422:
with simple to highly branched flowers. Seed produced is reddish to black and less than 1/32 inch in diameter.
81:
1736:
1551:
1471:
545:
404:
The stem is typically erect and slender and can be up to three feet long. The color of the stem is green or red.
1046:
Trucco, F., M.R. Jeschke, A.L. Rayburn, and P.J. Tranel. 2005. Amaranthus hybrids can be pollinated frequently by
1810:
564:
1556:
1191:
782:
1741:
1318:
1266:
924:
1313:
1207:
1689:
1344:
831:
611:
568:
560:
and other continents where the species has been introduced, naturalization is an infrequent occurrence.
185:
384:
A distinguishing characteristic of tall waterhemp that sets it apart from similar members of the genus
668:
641:
544:, tall waterhemp is considered a major weed of agricultural fields and other disturbed habitats. The
1481:
1287:
462:
Tall waterhemp predominantly grows in wet habitats, such as ponds, marshes, lakes, creeks, and other
202:
1795:
945:
858:
528:
46:
32:
1445:
607:
1762:
1617:
1165:
548:
includes tall waterhemp on their list of weed species. However, it is not listed on the federal
211:
76:
1609:
1543:
701:
1715:
1383:
1658:
1502:
1422:
1274:
600:
511:
507:
1579:
1507:
1157:
663:
503:
1489:
896:
844:
532:
have been observed in experimental fields but have not been observed in agronomic fields.
365:
119:
991:
1530:
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806:
142:
106:
1186:
768:
1784:
1417:
683:
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541:
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415:
152:
66:
61:
1169:
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1622:
1196:
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549:
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572:
391:
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1396:
1300:
1161:
1078:
576:
487:
483:
439:
408:
1754:
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514:
is the large amount of seed produced. Tall waterhemp in competition with
1749:
1643:
1564:
1224:
592:
463:
435:
162:
132:
478:
that produces a large number of very small seeds. It is considered an
1676:
1331:
515:
491:
1357:
557:
398:. This characteristic gives the plant a bright, glossy appearance.
1201:
1305:
812:. Center for Integrated Plant Systems, Michigan State University.
744:
419:
93:
1370:
1702:
659:
395:
369:
1292:
1205:
1033:
Horak, M.J. and T.M. Loughin. 2000. Growth analysis of four
946:
Biota of North
America Program 2014 county distribution map
446:. It is now found in 40 states but is most common in the
434:. It is believed to have originally had a range north of
401:
The leaves of tall waterhemp tend to be long and narrow.
712:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
684:"The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species"
579:, with some individual weeds being resistant to both
1633:
1214:
669:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T21610439A76917676.en
807:"Tall Waterhemp Management in Corn and Soybeans"
1135:"Waterhemp is First to Evolve HPPD Resistance"
8:
526:Interspecific hybrids of tall waterhemp and
1085:. United States Department of Agriculture.
895:. Oklahoma State University. Archived from
1202:
1050:under field conditions. Heredity 94:64–70.
805:Gower, Stephen; Chad Lee (November 2001).
55:
31:
20:
869:. United States Department of Agriculture
783:"Waterhemp, Common (Amaranthus Rudis L.)"
667:
741:Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
1192:Waterhemp, Common (Amaranthus Rudis L.)
990:. Iowa State University. Archived from
919:
917:
915:
913:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
651:The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
623:
978:
976:
974:
972:
840:
829:
591:. Furthermore, waterhemp at a site in
1089:from the original on 22 December 2007
710:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
7:
1482:ebd28922-a75b-4da6-9f6c-7bfef02a1c29
1791:IUCN Red List least concern species
769:"Common Waterhemp // Mizzou WeedID"
1187:Common Waterhemp // Mizzou WeedID
510:. Another factor contributing to
14:
1079:"Federal and State Noxious Weeds"
1037:species. Weed Sci. 48:347-355.
536:Agricultural impacts and control
80:
1557:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:59699-1
984:"Waterhemp - The Perfect Weed?"
819:from the original on 2007-07-27
552:list or any state lists in the
414:The species has terminal spike
233:(Uline & W.L. Bray) Fernald
1742:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:3292-2
1121:"Waterhemp | Take Action"
1:
933:Flora of North America Vol. 4
595:was found to be resistant to
546:Southern Weed Science Society
1197:Waterhemp | Take Action
502:While tall waterhemp cannot
430:Tall waterhemp is native to
522:Interspecific hybridization
390:is the lack of hair on its
295:(Moq.) Uline & W.L.Bray
265:(Moq.) Uline & W.L.Bray
1827:
16:Species of flowering plant
1801:Flora of Northern America
565:Michigan State University
217:
210:
191:
184:
77:Scientific classification
75:
53:
44:
39:
30:
23:
1806:Plants described in 1849
662:. e.T21610439A76917676.
354:rough-fruited water-hemp
1246:Amaranthus tuberculatus
1216:Amaranthus tuberculatus
1162:10.1614/WS-D-11-00170.1
927:Amaranthus tuberculatus
861:Amaranthus tuberculatus
704:Amaranthus tuberculatus
644:Amaranthus tuberculatus
426:Geographic distribution
345:Amaranthus tuberculatus
195:Amaranthus tuberculatus
25:Amaranthus tuberculatus
839:Cite journal requires
640:Maiz-Tome, L. (2016).
583:groups. Resistance to
470:Growth and development
612:Iowa State University
569:acetolactate synthase
317:Amaranthus cannabinus
305:Amaranthus altissimus
285:(S.Watson) J.M.Coult.
474:Tall waterhemp is a
407:Tall waterhemp is a
348:, commonly known as
333:Montelia tamariscina
275:Uline & W.L.Bray
177:A. tuberculatus
529:Amaranthus hybridus
350:roughfruit amaranth
311:Amaranthus ambigens
307:Riddell nom. inval.
243:(S. Watson) Fernald
47:Conservation status
1635:Acnida tuberculata
935:. www.eFloras.org.
364:, is a species of
299:Acnida tuberculata
289:Acnida tamariscina
279:Acnida tamariscina
269:Acnida tamariscina
259:Acnida tamariscina
255:(S.Watson) Standl.
247:Acnida concatenata
40:1913 illustration
1778:
1777:
1503:Open Tree of Life
1208:Taxon identifiers
1024:. Weed Sci. 52.
601:phenoxy herbicide
571:inhibiting (ALS)
512:genetic diversity
508:genetic diversity
341:
340:
70:
1818:
1811:Dioecious plants
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1770:
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1459:NHMSYS0000455844
1449:
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948:
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905:
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893:Oklahoma Alfalfa
889:"Tall Waterhemp"
884:
878:
877:
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855:
849:
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842:
837:
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743:. Archived from
738:
728:
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719:
717:
694:
688:
687:
680:
674:
673:
671:
637:
631:
628:
490:application and
362:common waterhemp
327:Amaranthus rudis
237:Acnida cannabina
227:Acnida cannabina
223:Moq. nom. inval.
221:Acnida altissima
197:
85:
84:
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1490:Observation.org
1488:
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1430:MichiganFlora:
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1128:
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1101:
1092:
1090:
1083:PLANTS Database
1077:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1048:A. tuberculatus
1045:
1041:
1032:
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982:
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923:
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911:
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887:Stritzke, Jim.
886:
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867:PLANTS Database
857:
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589:HPPD inhibitors
538:
524:
472:
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428:
418:and very short
382:
366:flowering plant
335:(Nutt.) A. Gray
206:
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79:
71:
60:
56:
49:
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5:
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1768:wfo-0000516824
1759:
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1707:
1694:
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1623:wfo-0000530532
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1181:External links
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1156:(3): 379–384.
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733:BSBI List 2007
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504:self-pollinate
471:
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416:inflorescences
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358:tall waterhemp
339:
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253:Acnida subnuda
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143:Caryophyllales
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994:on 2006-10-18
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918:
916:
914:
910:
899:on 2007-10-09
898:
894:
890:
883:
880:
868:
864:
863:(Moq.) Sauer"
862:
854:
851:
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833:
815:
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789:
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750:on 2015-06-26
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606:According to
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554:United States
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476:summer annual
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1441:NatureServe
1353:iNaturalist
1240:Wikispecies
1022:Glycine max
585:acifluorfen
496:Germination
452:Great Lakes
444:Great Lakes
374:U.S. states
293:tuberculata
263:concatenata
205:) J.D.Sauer
120:Angiosperms
1796:Amaranthus
1785:Categories
1607:WisFlora:
1526:Plant List
1264:Calflora:
1093:2007-12-26
1035:Amaranthus
998:2007-12-26
903:2007-12-26
873:2007-12-26
823:2007-12-26
754:2014-10-17
698:USDA, NRCS
618:References
573:herbicides
387:Amaranthus
380:Morphology
164:Amaranthus
1650:Q38412229
1600:waterhemp
1319:242415651
716:7 January
581:herbicide
577:triazines
488:herbicide
484:Emergence
454:regions.
440:Tennessee
409:dioecious
329:J.D.Sauer
273:prostrata
231:prostrata
171:Species:
90:Kingdom:
1755:50079015
1750:Tropicos
1716:10212731
1644:Wikidata
1587:VASCAN:
1565:Tropicos
1446:2.159907
1423:21610439
1384:10204681
1231:Q4740176
1225:Wikidata
1170:86730513
1087:Archived
814:Archived
700:(n.d.).
593:Nebraska
575:and the
464:riparian
436:Missouri
212:Synonyms
149:Family:
133:Eudicots
67:IUCN 3.1
1677:3085108
1570:1101073
1371:59699-1
1332:5384347
516:soybean
492:tillage
458:Habitat
442:to the
313:Standl.
283:subnuda
241:subnuda
159:Genus:
139:Order:
94:Plantae
65: (
1729:508321
1703:3292-2
1690:408361
1580:449539
1577:uBio:
1539:PLANTS
1508:828461
1495:148598
1479:NZOR:
1472:277990
1397:112200
1345:408360
1293:585496
1168:
558:Europe
556:. In
420:bracts
396:leaves
1711:IRMNG
1597:WiO:
1515:PFI:
1410:20750
1379:IRMNG
1358:75400
1306:AMATU
1267:12132
1254:APA:
1166:S2CID
966:67–73
817:(PDF)
810:(PDF)
748:(xls)
737:(xls)
597:2,4-D
392:stems
360:, or
319:var.
291:var.
281:var.
271:var.
261:var.
239:var.
229:var.
127:Clade
114:Clade
101:Clade
1737:POWO
1724:ITIS
1698:IPNI
1685:GRIN
1672:GBIF
1664:9FMF
1610:2502
1590:2509
1552:POWO
1544:AMTU
1467:NCBI
1418:IUCN
1405:ITIS
1366:IPNI
1340:GRIN
1327:GBIF
1301:EPPO
1280:CH7D
845:help
718:2016
660:IUCN
599:, a
450:and
438:and
394:and
370:weed
323:Moq.
301:Moq.
203:Moq.
1763:WFO
1659:CoL
1618:WFO
1518:545
1454:NBN
1392:ISC
1314:FNA
1288:EoL
1275:CoL
1257:286
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