428:
153:
117:
130:
50:
162:
144:
407:
VC that attempted break out of the pass. The rebels had also suffered heavily in the fighting around Crag Picket and loyalties were beginning to waver. The breakout was achieved on 15 December and a prominent position 'Conical Hill' which protected the approach was taken after another desperate fight
350:
to destroy Malka. The
Lieutenant Governor acted without consulting the Commander-in-Chief of the Frontier Force. Chamberlain chose the Chamla Valley as his operational base and the Ambela Pass as the main access. He chose this valley as the access as he believed that the local Bunerwal people were
366:
was attacked by some
Bunerwal tribesman. As a result, Chamberlain proceeded to fortify his position in the pass on two rocky outcrops, but Eagle's Nest and Crag Piquet could only hold small numbers of men. The locals had amassed a force of some 15,000 tribesmen consisting of Swatis, Bunerwals and
416:
Umbeyla village was entered by the
British on the following day and burned and an agreement reached with local tribesmen that the latter would destroy the rebel stronghold at Malka. The Bunerwals settled for peace with Garvock and he sent a party to burn a mud house in Malka "for reasons of
379:. It fell to the Pashtuns three times in the next four weeks, but was retaken by British forces on each occasion. On the 18th or 20th of November, Chamberlain was seriously wounded whilst attempting to take Crag Picquet. Due to the lowered British morale and high casualties, a repeat of the
324:
had been a constant thorn to the
British government since the annexation of the region, who had raided and ravaged until it invited expeditions to subdue them. However, in previous expeditions the Pashtun tribesman had always managed to escape into the hills. In 1858, an
468:
On 20 November 1863, for the third and last time, Crag picquet was taken and retaken by the Afghan tribes and colonial troops respectively. In this contest, General
Chamberlain, commander of the colonial troops, was wounded and became unable to lead his
295:
planned to destroy Malka. They set up an operational base in the Chamla Valley which could be reached via the Ambela Pass, but they were soon bogged down by a numerically superior local force, and were attacked by the
2009:
1937:
2156:
2151:
351:
friendly to
British forces; this turned out to be a false impression as the Pashtuns had persuaded the Bunerwals that the British would annex their land if they failed to put up a defence.
326:
427:
944:
553:
462:
and the tribes in a combined attack captured Crag picquet, the most important post for the colonial troops, which after severe fighting was retaken by the colonial troops.
359:
The first
Peshawar column reached the Ambela Pass on 20 October, after struggling on rough terrain, and the rear of the column took another two days to reach the base.
2171:
1594:
656:
Dr. Ishtiaq Ahmad. (2022) The Ambela
Expedition 1863: A military failure but a Political triumph; An appraisal. Quarterly Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society
465:
Due to the complexity of the situation, Sir Hugh Rose, the
Commander-in-Chief of India, arrived at Lahore on 14 November 1863, and directed the expedition himself.
308:
and various Khans and leaders to accept peace and went on to burn a house in Malka with tribal permission and were conditioned to withdraw from the territory of
417:
prestige". The
British had restored peace and had broken the power of the 'fanatics' but at the cost of 1,000 casualties and conditioned to withdraw from
277:
41:
2176:
1564:
312:. The expedition broke the power of the 'fanatics' but resulted in the loss of 1,000 British casualties and an unknown number of Indian casualties.
2045:
1167:
937:
304:
and Hindustani tribesmen. Reinforcements drafted in by the local Commander-in-Chief eventually pursued a diplomatic resolution, they approached the
2027:
914:
694:
269:
1360:
900:
871:
2117:
1390:
1203:
2033:
1967:
930:
1245:
499:
The expedition originally planned as a three weeks expedition took about three months with considerably high casualties on both sides.
1846:
1191:
1040:
496:
party escorted by the tribal jirga advanced from Ambela on 19 December, and returned after the destruction of Malka on 23rd December.
846:
827:
804:
785:
678:
580:
1070:
2063:
387:
2111:
1696:
1028:
2051:
1323:
1408:
992:
668:
640:
1504:
1492:
1480:
1450:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1396:
1372:
1762:
1432:
974:
954:
84:
1949:
1901:
1287:
1486:
603:
2166:
1510:
1438:
1378:
1227:
452:
347:
292:
175:
1768:
1155:
1082:
998:
397:
Garvock led a two-column attack consisting of 4,800 men supported by the 11th Bengal Cavalry led by another
1780:
2021:
1834:
1666:
1654:
1624:
1366:
1257:
1058:
1052:
863:
1985:
1919:
1756:
1720:
1606:
1522:
1498:
1456:
1329:
1317:
1299:
1239:
1233:
1034:
1016:
380:
2161:
1961:
1570:
1552:
1546:
1269:
1137:
1022:
1004:
922:
273:
80:
1618:
1444:
1161:
1221:
1088:
489:
jirga again arrived, accepted the terms, and returned after leaving their greater portion in the camp.
2015:
1804:
1750:
1678:
1600:
1588:
1384:
1143:
1064:
1889:
1702:
1660:
1113:
980:
572:
State and Tribe in Nineteenth-century Afghanistan: The Reign of Amir Dost Muhammad Khan (1826-1863)
543:
State and Tribe in Nineteenth-century Afghanistan: The Reign of Amir Dost Muhammad Khan (1826-1863)
340:
367:
Hindustanis. On 30 October Crag Piquet was the scene of fierce hand-to-hand fighting that saw two
152:
2057:
1925:
1907:
1858:
1822:
1810:
1798:
1744:
1516:
1474:
1305:
1281:
1251:
1179:
336:
By 1863, however, the 'Hindustani fanatics' had regrouped around the mountain outpost of Malka.
2075:
2069:
1979:
1840:
1786:
1642:
1293:
1215:
1185:
1076:
896:
867:
857:
842:
823:
800:
781:
674:
576:
344:
179:
55:
2099:
2087:
2081:
2039:
1943:
1913:
1828:
1648:
1630:
1612:
1582:
1197:
1046:
986:
200:
191:
1991:
1931:
1870:
1864:
1792:
1576:
1558:
1209:
1131:
2123:
1852:
1774:
1732:
1726:
1714:
1402:
958:
493:
438:
404:
399:
372:
368:
363:
121:
116:
2145:
2129:
2105:
2003:
1997:
1895:
1335:
1263:
1149:
1119:
819:
376:
330:
147:
88:
49:
1973:
1816:
1690:
1341:
1311:
1094:
391:
284:
against the 'fanatics' at Malka, a colony of malcontents or bigoted muslims in the
186:
1636:
161:
570:
383:
was feared so a decision was made to withdraw, but still refused by Chamberlain.
2093:
1738:
1534:
1468:
1275:
1125:
297:
281:
17:
1540:
1462:
1173:
1010:
888:
209:
386:
Reinforcements were gradually drafted in on the orders of Commander-in-Chief
1955:
1708:
1528:
305:
143:
1684:
479:
On 14 December, in their final reply rejected the colonial British terms.
434:
321:
301:
285:
156:
459:
621:
The Army in India and the Development of Frontier Warfare, 1849-1947
486:
473:
418:
309:
135:
926:
455:
ordered movement of the troops through Surkawi or Ambela pass
343:
of the Punjab authorised an expedition of 6,000 men under
515:
513:
859:
Hidden Caliphate: Sufi Saints Beyond the Oxus and Indus
816:
The Savage Frontier, A History of the Anglo-Afghan Wars
482:
Skirmishes was continued on 15 & 16 December, 1863.
27:
1863 Anglo-Afghan military conflict in British India
2157:
19th-century military history of the United Kingdom
1880:
1351:
1104:
965:
555:
Indian State Railways Magazine:Volume 7, Issues 1-3
2152:British military personnel of the Umbeyla Campaign
839:The Khyber Rifles From the British Raj to Al Qaeda
778:Afghan Wars and the North-West Frontier, 1839-1947
634:
632:
630:
651:
649:
408:and the Pushtuns retreated ending the campaign.
34:
390:, who replaced Chamberlain with Major General
938:
605:N.-W.F. Province Gazetteers: Volume 6, Part 1
8:
734:
732:
710:
708:
706:
704:
695:"Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society"
243:3,000+ casualties including 1,000+ British
945:
931:
923:
911:Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society
48:
31:
180:
759:
747:
723:
433:Oil canvas depiction of war between the
909:Husain, Mahmud. "The Ambela campaign."
893:Symbol of Courage; Men behind the Medal
558:. Indian State Railways Magazine. 1933.
519:
509:
423:
213:Sultan Muhammad Khan Sardar Darwiz Khan
2172:Military history of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
797:Partisans of Allah Jihad in South Asia
608:. the University of California. 1931.
531:
7:
1204:Regulator Movement in North Carolina
270:many expeditions in the border area
670:Population and Social Organization
25:
2177:Military history of British India
953:Colonial conflicts involving the
575:. Psychology Press. p. 185.
569:Karimi, Christine Noelle (1997).
426:
160:
151:
142:
128:
115:
1029:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland
472:On 10 December 1863, the Buner
1132:Father Rale's War/Dummer's War
58:and camp during the expedition
1:
1529:Black War (Van Diemen's Land)
1373:Castle Hill convict rebellion
641:Colonial Small Wars 1837-1901
799:. Harvard University Press.
333:drove them from their base.
85:North-West Frontier Province
638:Donald Featherstone (1973)
2193:
2046:Jewish revolt in Palestine
1691:Fenian Rebellion in Canada
1336:Dwyer's guerrilla campaign
1228:American Revolutionary War
776:Barthorp, Michael (2002).
348:Neville Bowles Chamberlain
293:Neville Bowles Chamberlain
199:Henry Howard Chapman
190:John Paton Davidson
176:Neville Bowles Chamberlain
1817:Jameson Raid South Africa
667:Nag, Moni (12 May 2011).
485:On 17 December 1863, the
237:
217:
169:
107:
62:
47:
39:
2028:Arab revolt in Palestine
1625:Second Anglo-Burmese War
1367:Second Anglo-Maratha War
1258:Australian frontier wars
864:Harvard University Press
458:On 30 October 1863, the
79:Buffer zone between the
42:North-West Frontier Wars
2022:Second Mohmand campaign
1757:Third Anglo-Burmese War
1721:Second Anglo-Afghan War
1523:First Anglo-Burmese War
1499:Third Anglo-Maratha War
1330:Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
1240:Second Anglo-Mysore War
1234:First Anglo-Maratha War
837:Stewart, Jules (2006).
814:Richards, D.S. (1990).
451:On 18 October, General
1962:Third Anglo-Afghan War
1847:First Mohmand campaign
1571:First Anglo-Afghan War
1270:Third Anglo-Mysore War
795:Jalal, Ayesha (2009).
381:1841 disaster at Kabul
274:Emirate of Afghanistan
170:Commanders and leaders
99:British Indian victory
81:Emirate of Afghanistan
1619:Second Anglo-Sikh War
1276:Cotiote (Wayanad) War
1162:French and Indian War
913:1.2 (1953): 105–117.
856:Ziad, Waleed (2021).
673:. Walter de Gruyter.
619:T. Moreman · (1998).
268:) of 1863 was one of
238:Casualties and losses
1781:Hunza–Nagar Campaign
1589:First Anglo-Sikh War
1565:Egyptian–Ottoman War
2034:Waziristan campaign
1968:Waziristan campaign
1661:Revolt of Rajab Ali
1138:War of Jenkins' Ear
446:Expedition Timeline
341:Lieutenant-Governor
278:North-West Frontier
1908:Bambatha Rebellion
1823:Anglo-Zanzibar War
1811:Chitral Expedition
1745:Anglo-Egyptian War
1517:Anglo-Ashanti wars
1222:Lord Dunmore's War
1180:Anglo-Cherokee War
1089:King William's War
738:Arthur, Max; p.105
714:Arthur, Max; p.104
228:reinforced by 4800
2167:Conflicts in 1863
2139:
2138:
2070:Malayan Emergency
1980:Malabar rebellion
1841:Siege of Malakand
1787:Anglo-Manipur War
1643:Anglo-Persian War
1192:Anglo-Spanish War
1144:King George's War
1065:King Philip's War
1041:Anglo-Spanish War
902:978-0-330-49133-4
873:978-0-674-24881-6
841:. History Press.
697:. 7 October 2023.
345:Brigadier General
250:
249:
103:
102:
16:(Redirected from
2184:
2088:Cyprus Emergency
1914:Maritz rebellion
1902:Tibet expedition
1835:Benin Expedition
1655:Indian Rebellion
1649:Second Opium War
1631:Eureka Rebellion
1607:British Honduras
1583:New Zealand Wars
1168:Seven Years' War
1114:Queen Anne's War
947:
940:
933:
924:
906:
877:
852:
833:
810:
791:
763:
757:
751:
745:
739:
736:
727:
721:
715:
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699:
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685:
684:
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658:
653:
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636:
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593:
591:
589:
566:
560:
559:
550:
544:
541:
535:
529:
523:
517:
435:Yusufzai Afghans
430:
402:
369:Victoria Crosses
362:On 22 October a
205:
196:
182:
164:
155:
146:
134:
132:
131:
120:
119:
64:
63:
52:
32:
21:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2076:Kenya Emergency
1882:
1876:
1871:Second Boer War
1865:Boxer Rebellion
1793:Pahang Uprising
1673:Ambela campaign
1595:Río de la Plata
1577:First Opium War
1559:Aden Expedition
1391:Río de la Plata
1353:
1347:
1318:Irish Rebellion
1210:First Carib War
1106:
1100:
1023:Confederate War
1017:Irish Rebellion
967:
961:
951:
920:
903:
887:
884:
882:Further reading
874:
855:
849:
836:
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813:
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766:
758:
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511:
506:
448:
441:
431:
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398:
394:on 6 December.
357:
318:
291:A force led by
254:Ambela campaign
212:
201:
198:
192:
189:
185:
159:
150:
129:
127:
114:
91:
53:
35:Ambela campaign
28:
23:
22:
18:Ambela Campaign
15:
12:
11:
5:
2190:
2188:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2144:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2016:Barzani revolt
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1917:
1911:
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1899:
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1884:
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1877:
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1874:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1853:Tirah campaign
1850:
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1838:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1763:Central Africa
1760:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1733:First Boer War
1730:
1724:
1718:
1715:Anglo-Zulu War
1712:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1682:
1676:
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1466:
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1448:
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1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1403:Froberg mutiny
1400:
1394:
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1129:
1123:
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1083:Williamite War
1080:
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959:British Empire
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728:
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686:
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645:
626:
611:
595:
581:
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536:
534:, p. 115.
524:
522:, p. 183.
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439:British Empire
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405:Dighton Probyn
373:George Fosbery
364:reconnaissance
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165:Bunerwal tribe
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122:British Empire
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37:
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26:
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14:
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10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2189:
2178:
2175:
2173:
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2168:
2165:
2163:
2162:1863 in India
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2038:
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2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2004:Ikhwan revolt
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848:9780752495583
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825:
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820:Pan MacMillan
817:
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806:9780674039070
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789:
787:9780304362943
783:
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762:, p. 62.
761:
760:Barthorp 2002
756:
753:
750:, p. 72.
749:
748:Richards 1990
744:
741:
735:
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726:, p. 71.
725:
724:Richards 1990
720:
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384:
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377:Henry Pitcher
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331:Sydney Cotton
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57:
51:
46:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1974:Iraqi Revolt
1829:Matabeleland
1805:North Borneo
1799:Matabeleland
1751:Saskatchewan
1672:
1553:Upper Canada
1547:Lower Canada
1505:Persian Gulf
1421:Persian Gulf
1361:Newfoundland
1342:Polygar Wars
1312:Kandyan Wars
1264:Nootka Sound
919:
910:
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858:
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815:
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777:
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743:
719:
689:
669:
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586:. Retrieved
571:
564:
554:
548:
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520:Stewart 2006
415:
396:
392:John Garvock
385:
371:awarded, to
361:
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272:between the
265:
261:
257:
253:
251:
223:
202:
193:
187:John Garvock
113:
108:Belligerents
40:Part of the
29:
2094:Suez Crisis
1992:Transjordan
1896:West Africa
1873:(1899–1902)
1867:(1898–1901)
1859:Six-Day War
1807:(1894–1905)
1795:(1891–1895)
1775:Mashonaland
1739:Mahdist War
1679:Shimonoseki
1609:(1847–1901)
1519:(1824–1901)
1487:Cape Colony
1385:Cape Colony
1344:(1799–1805)
1338:(1799–1803)
1326:(1798–1800)
1314:(1796–1818)
1288:Cape Colony
1278:(1793–1806)
1260:(1788–1934)
1156:Nova Scotia
1126:Yamasee War
1097:(1694–1700)
1071:Child's War
1059:2nd Tangier
1053:1st Tangier
1049:(1655–1739)
999:Saint Kitts
977:(1593–1603)
889:Arthur, Max
780:. Cassell.
453:Chamberlain
329:led by Sir
2146:Categories
1998:Pink's War
1890:Somaliland
1727:Basutoland
1481:Guadeloupe
1463:Xhosa Wars
1445:Seychelles
1427:Guadeloupe
1415:Martinique
1282:Rohilkhand
1246:Gold Coast
1216:Rohilkhand
1174:Bengal War
1011:Pequot War
818:. London:
532:Jalal 2009
504:References
355:Expedition
327:expedition
316:Background
233:15,000 men
210:Saidu Baba
54:A British
2130:Falklands
2126:(1963–67)
2120:(1962–66)
2114:(1962–90)
2102:(1962–76)
2090:(1955–59)
2084:(1954–59)
2078:(1952–60)
2072:(1948–60)
2066:(1946–50)
2058:Indonesia
2054:(1945–46)
2052:Indochina
2048:(1944–48)
2036:(1936–39)
2030:(1936–39)
2018:(1931–32)
2012:(1930–31)
2006:(1927–30)
1988:(1922–24)
1986:Kurdistan
1970:(1919–20)
1946:(1916–17)
1926:Nyasaland
1922:(1914–15)
1916:(1914–15)
1904:(1903–04)
1898:(1901–02)
1892:(1900–20)
1855:(1897–98)
1849:(1897–98)
1831:(1896–97)
1801:(1893–94)
1765:(1886–89)
1741:(1881–99)
1735:(1880–81)
1729:(1880–81)
1723:(1879–80)
1711:(1875–76)
1697:Abyssinia
1693:(1866–71)
1687:(1864–65)
1675:(1863–64)
1667:Kagoshima
1663:(1857–58)
1657:(1857–59)
1651:(1856–60)
1645:(1856–57)
1639:(1854–56)
1637:Åland War
1621:(1848–49)
1597:(1845–50)
1591:(1845–46)
1585:(1845–72)
1579:(1839–42)
1573:(1839–42)
1567:(1839–41)
1555:(1837–38)
1549:(1837–38)
1543:(1831–33)
1537:(1831–32)
1531:(1828–32)
1525:(1824–26)
1501:(1817–18)
1477:(1814–16)
1471:(1812–15)
1465:(1811–79)
1459:(1810–11)
1439:Mauritius
1411:(1808–09)
1393:(1806–07)
1369:(1803–05)
1332:(1798–99)
1302:(1795–96)
1296:(1795–96)
1272:(1789–92)
1248:(1781–82)
1242:(1779–84)
1236:(1775–82)
1230:(1775–83)
1218:(1773–74)
1212:(1769–73)
1206:(1765–71)
1200:(1763–66)
1194:(1762–63)
1182:(1758–61)
1176:(1756–65)
1170:(1756–63)
1164:(1754–63)
1158:(1749–55)
1152:(1746–63)
1146:(1744–48)
1140:(1740–42)
1134:(1722–25)
1128:(1715–17)
1122:(1711–15)
1116:(1702–13)
1091:(1688–97)
1085:(1688–91)
1073:(1686–90)
1067:(1675–78)
1043:(1654–60)
1037:(1654–67)
1031:(1649–53)
1025:(1641–53)
1013:(1634–38)
983:(1609–46)
412:Aftermath
306:Bunerwals
288:country.
70:1863–1864
2118:Malaysia
2040:Ethiopia
1938:Peshawar
1703:Manitoba
1685:Duar War
981:Virginia
891:(2005).
476:arrived.
403:Colonel
322:Pashtuns
302:Bunerwal
286:Yusufzai
276:and the
262:Umbeylah
218:Strength
157:Yusufzai
83:and the
75:Location
2112:Sarawak
2064:Sarawak
1956:Nigeria
1944:Mohmand
1932:Nigeria
1883:century
1541:Malacca
1535:Jamaica
1493:Algiers
1433:Reunion
1379:Surinam
1354:century
1300:Grenada
1294:Jamaica
1186:Jamaica
1107:century
1047:Jamaica
975:Ireland
968:century
955:English
770:Sources
494:British
266:Ambeyla
258:Umbeyla
246:Unknown
203:†
194:†
178: (
2132:(1982)
2108:(1962)
2106:Brunei
2096:(1956)
2060:(1945)
2042:(1943)
2024:(1935)
2000:(1925)
1994:(1923)
1982:(1921)
1976:(1920)
1964:(1919)
1958:(1918)
1952:(1917)
1950:Quebec
1940:(1915)
1934:(1915)
1928:(1915)
1910:(1906)
1861:(1899)
1843:(1897)
1837:(1897)
1825:(1896)
1819:(1896)
1813:(1895)
1789:(1891)
1783:(1891)
1777:(1890)
1771:(1888)
1769:Hazara
1759:(1885)
1753:(1885)
1747:(1882)
1717:(1879)
1705:(1870)
1699:(1868)
1681:(1864)
1669:(1863)
1633:(1854)
1627:(1852)
1615:(1848)
1613:Ceylon
1603:(1847)
1601:Canton
1561:(1839)
1513:(1823)
1511:Guiana
1507:(1819)
1495:(1816)
1489:(1815)
1483:(1815)
1453:(1810)
1447:(1810)
1441:(1810)
1435:(1810)
1429:(1810)
1423:(1809)
1417:(1809)
1405:(1807)
1399:(1807)
1387:(1806)
1381:(1804)
1375:(1804)
1363:(1800)
1320:(1798)
1308:(1795)
1306:Ceylon
1290:(1795)
1284:(1794)
1266:(1789)
1254:(1786)
1224:(1774)
1188:(1762)
1079:(1687)
1061:(1664)
1055:(1662)
1035:Acadia
1019:(1641)
1007:(1628)
1005:Quebec
1001:(1626)
995:(1622)
989:(1612)
987:Swally
899:
870:
845:
826:
803:
784:
677:
588:6 June
579:
469:force.
460:Akhund
264:, and
224:6,000
133:
96:Result
56:picket
2010:Tirah
1920:Tochi
1709:Perak
1475:Nepal
1397:Egypt
1324:Malta
1252:Assam
1095:Ghana
993:Ormuz
487:Buner
474:jirga
419:Buner
310:Buner
298:Swati
136:India
2124:Aden
2100:Oman
2082:Oman
1881:20th
1457:Java
1352:19th
1105:18th
1077:Siam
966:17th
915:link
897:ISBN
868:ISBN
843:ISBN
824:ISBN
801:ISBN
782:ISBN
675:ISBN
590:2022
577:ISBN
492:The
437:and
375:and
339:The
320:The
252:The
67:Date
1469:USA
280:of
181:WIA
87:of
2148::
866:.
862:.
822:.
731:^
703:^
648:^
629:^
512:^
421:.
400:VC
300:,
260:,
957:/
946:e
939:t
932:v
905:.
876:.
851:.
832:.
809:.
790:.
683:.
592:.
184:)
20:)
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