205:
1802:
657:
414:
38:
428:
310:, as it made it possible to brew lager year-round (brewing in the summer had previously been banned in many locations across Germany), and efficient refrigeration also made it possible to brew lager in more places and keep it cold until serving. The first large-scale refrigerated lagering tanks were developed for Gabriel Sedelmayr's
576:
530:
in the late 1830s. While on a trip to
England and Scotland in 1833 with Gabriel Sedlmayr, Dreher gained knowledge of the pale malt making process. Dreher combined the pale malt making techniques with cold bottom fermentation, using yeast given to him by Sedlmayr. In late 1840, Anton Dreher started
398:
Lagers range in colour from extremely pale, through amber beers such as Vienna lager, to dark brown and black Dunkel and
Schwarzbier. The depth of colour comes from the specific grain bill used in the beers; paler lagers use unroasted barley and may even add other grains such as rice or corn to
545:
The Vienna lager style has survived to this day, mostly thanks to the emerging microbrewing, home-brewing and craft beer scene in the United States of the 1980s and 1990s. Due to the influence of the
American craft beer movement, Vienna lager can again be found in Europe, including traditional
294:
In the 19th century, before the advent of refrigeration, German brewers would dig cellars for lagering and fill them with ice from nearby lakes and rivers, which would cool the beer during the summer months. To further protect the cellars from the summer heat, they would plant
531:
renting a cellar to mature his beer under cold conditions, a process that is called "lagering". The resulting beer was clean-tasting and relatively pale for the time thanks to the use of smoke-free "English" hot air kilns, resulting in a pale amber colour.
589:
Pale lagers were not common until the later part of the 19th century when the use of lighter roasted malts spread. Dark lagers may be called Dunkel, tmavé or
Schwarzbier depending on region, colour or brewing method.
214:
While cold storage of beer, "lagering", in caves for example, was a common practice throughout the medieval period, bottom-fermenting yeast seems to have emerged from a hybridization in the early fifteenth century.
1068:
492:
beer. The resulting pale coloured, lean and stable beers were very successful and gradually spread around the globe to become the most common form of beer consumed in the world today.
837:
399:
lighten the color and provide a crisp, bright finish to the flavour. Darker lagers use roasted grains and malts to produce a more roasted, even slightly burnt, flavour profile.
353:, usually rice or maize. Adjuncts entered United States brewing as a means of thinning out the body of beers, balancing the large quantities of protein introduced by
299:, which have spreading, dense canopies but shallow roots which would not intrude on the caverns. The practice of serving beer at these sites evolved into the modern
361:, at a lower price than a formulation using an all-malt grain bill. There are, however, cases in which adjunct usage actually increases the cost of manufacture.
109:" comes from the German word for "storage", as the beer was stored before drinking, traditionally in the same cool caves in which it was fermented.
1072:
330:, followed by maturation in cold storage. The German word "Lager" means storeroom or warehouse. The yeast generally used with lager brewing is
1279:
1052:
1025:
841:
507:
Amber lagers are generally darker in color than pale lagers, often a deep tan or amber color. Among the common styles of amber lager are
756:
1163:
538:
in Paris, and started getting copied by many of the US-American lager breweries founded by German immigrants. The first amber-coloured
1147:
998:
973:
689:
939:
546:
Austrian breweries like
Ottakringer and Schwechater who have made this pale amber beer style part of their range of beers again.
442:. The flavour of these lighter lagers is usually mild, and the producers often recommend that the beers be served refrigerated.
969:
143:
944:
921:
727:
534:
The beer style became well-known internationally, in particular due to the Dreher brewery's restaurant and beer hall at the
1237:
1191:
535:
647:
1761:
1170:
786:
1272:
550:
332:
118:
382:
338:
473:
220:
1827:
296:
31:
614:, a stronger dark Bavarian beer. Dunkel was the original style of the Bavarian villages and countryside.
357:. Adjuncts are often used now in beermaking to introduce a large quantity of sugar, and thereby increase
386:
top-fermenting yeast at a warm temperature, but with a cold-storage finishing stage, and classified as
454:
1406:
1265:
1324:
1292:
805:
542:
brewed by
Franziskaner-LeistbrÀu in 1872 was also a Vienna-style beer brewed to a higher strength.
477:
228:
864:"Microbe domestication and the identification of the wild genetic stock of lager-brewing yeast"
1576:
1511:
1369:
1319:
1143:
1048:
1021:
1015:
994:
917:
895:
813:
764:
685:
607:
554:
365:
204:
42:
105:. Pale lager is the most widely consumed and commercially available style of beer. The term "
1776:
1756:
1586:
1501:
1411:
1164:"2021 Great American Beer FestivalÂź Competition Style List, Descriptions and Specifications"
885:
875:
377:
151:
58:
1801:
1042:
656:
1581:
1374:
131:
618:, a much darker, almost black beer with a chocolate or licorice-like flavour, similar to
1108:
227:
Based on the numbers of breweries, lager brewing became the main form of brewing in the
1766:
1496:
1386:
890:
863:
481:
462:
350:
346:
315:
311:
193:
1216:
174:
pale lager, is most often known as "Pilsner", "Pilsener", or "Pils". Other lagers are
1821:
1786:
1744:
1436:
1431:
1391:
1364:
1334:
453:
bitterness. The brewing process for this beer developed in the mid 19th century when
307:
113:
1606:
527:
446:
413:
82:
702:
735:
1806:
1739:
1709:
1702:
1697:
1680:
1675:
1636:
1546:
1443:
1329:
661:
615:
579:
570:
512:
485:
431:
300:
188:
98:
46:
1241:
1195:
790:
1714:
1692:
1665:
1631:
1536:
1526:
1478:
1468:
1458:
1401:
1349:
1344:
1288:
611:
450:
439:
417:
408:
369:
208:
102:
94:
37:
817:
122:, a "bottom-fermenting" yeast that ferments at relatively cold temperatures.
1670:
1643:
1626:
1613:
1596:
1568:
1448:
1354:
1339:
1314:
880:
627:
1531:
899:
539:
508:
182:
139:
17:
196:, the term commonly refers to pale lagers derived from the Pilsner style.
1781:
1751:
1687:
1658:
1648:
1426:
1416:
1094:
458:
420:
596:
is Czech for "dark" â beers which are so dark as to be black are termed
427:
1771:
1541:
1421:
1309:
1044:
Designing Great Beers The
Ultimate Guide to Brewing Classic Beer Styles
520:
489:
466:
373:
327:
167:
147:
90:
1601:
1591:
1521:
1516:
1473:
1379:
1359:
1257:
703:"A Guide to Lagers » Brewer World-Everything about beer is here"
623:
602:
582:
566:
496:
354:
162:
156:
575:
1719:
1653:
1551:
1463:
1453:
619:
426:
203:
36:
862:
Libkind, D; Hittinger, CT; Valério, E; et al. (2011-08-22).
224:
is responsible for creating the hybrid yeast used to make lager.
1506:
1396:
516:
349:
tradition, lagers in some countries may include a proportion of
176:
171:
86:
1261:
806:"Before Beer Became Lager, a Microbe Made a Mysterious Journey"
553:, low bitterness, low hop profile, a malty aroma, and 4.8â5.4%
218:
In 2011, a team of researchers claimed to have discovered that
1301:
787:"Pils is arguably the most successful beer style in the world"
639:
358:
73:
991:
Beer: Tap into the Art and
Science of Brewing, Second Edition
838:"500 years ago, yeast's epic journey gave rise to lager beer"
680:
Briggs, D.E.; Boulton, C.A.; Brookes, P. A.; and
Stevens, R.
523:
in central
Germany, and the widely distributed Vienna lager.
472:
This approach was picked up by other breweries, most notably
67:
757:"Willkommen beim Deutschen Brauer-Bund: Helles Lager/Export"
642: â Type of beer brewed using a warm fermentation method
916:, 1879. English translation reprinted 2005 Beerbooks.com
70:
511:, traditionally brewed in Munich for the celebration of
231:
between 1860 and 1870, as shown in the following table:
306:
The rise of lager was entwined with the development of
519:, a higher alcohol-content amber lager originating in
645:
469:
and applied it to existing lagering brewing methods.
64:
1732:
1567:
1560:
1487:
1300:
978:. Episode 8. Event occurs at 41 (49 minutes). BBC.
438:The most common lagers in worldwide production are
61:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
449:-coloured lager with a well attenuated body and
146:, cool-conditioned beer in normal strengths. In
1240:. German Beer Guide. 2004-08-01. Archived from
1109:"Lager Beer Styles, European All-malt Pilsener"
1017:The Beer Bible The Essential Beer Lover's Guide
868:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
434:, sometimes called "the Father of the Pilsner".
964:
962:
116:, most lagers are distinguished by the use of
1273:
8:
1194:. www.germanbeerguide.co.uk. Archived from
789:. The German Beer Institute. Archived from
1564:
1280:
1266:
1258:
707:Brewer World-Everything about beer is here
889:
879:
840:. Geneticarchaeology.com. Archived from
574:
526:The Vienna lager style was developed by
412:
233:
27:Type of beer brewed by cold fermentation
673:
652:
364:It is possible to use lager yeast in a
1217:"PraĆŸskĂœ Most u ValĆĄĆŻ at Beer Culture"
150:today, it mainly refers to beers from
1142:. Amazon Digital Services LLC â Kdp.
942:[120 minutes aren't enough].
7:
972:(1979). "Eat, Drink, and Be Merry".
606:is German for "dark". At 4.5% to 6%
342:yeast used for warm fermented ales.
1020:. Workman Publishing. p. 234.
804:Greenwood, Veronique (2022-12-07).
93:at low temperature. Lagers can be
25:
1800:
655:
536:International Exposition of 1867
336:. It is a close relative of the
57:
938:SchÀffer, Albert (2012-05-21).
549:A Vienna lager typically has a
461:brewing techniques back to the
368:process, such as with American
345:While prohibited by the German
1715:Steam beer / California Common
1069:"Josef Groll â Vater des Pils"
945:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
940:"120 Minuten sind nicht genug"
551:copper to reddish-brown colour
495:Another pale lager variety is
1:
445:Pale lager is a very pale to
1762:Beer and breweries by region
1171:Great American Beer Festival
734:. 2018-04-02. Archived from
390:(top-fermented lager beer).
277:
263:
249:
130:Until the 19th century, the
1192:"German Beer Guide: Dunkel"
1138:Krennmair, Andreas (2020).
1071:(in German). Archived from
993:. Oxford University Press.
763:(in German). Archived from
142:) referred to all types of
1844:
564:
406:
29:
1795:
1622:
989:Charles Bamforth (2003).
333:Saccharomyces pastorianus
119:Saccharomyces pastorianus
112:As well as maturation in
1047:. Brewers Publications.
926:Moniteur de la Brasserie
610:, Dunkel is weaker than
383:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
339:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
326:Lager uses a process of
200:History of lager brewing
914:Studies in Fermentation
881:10.1073/pnas.1105430108
474:Pilsner Urquell Brewery
221:Saccharomyces eubayanus
1095:"The History of Lager"
586:
435:
424:
211:
49:
41:A glass of lager from
32:Lager (disambiguation)
1219:. www.beerculture.org
1014:Jeff Alworth (2015).
767:on September 23, 2015
578:
430:
416:
388:obergÀriges lagerbier
207:
40:
1407:Kentucky common beer
1041:Ray Daniels (1998).
499:, native to Munich.
30:For other uses, see
1325:Australian pale ale
1111:. Beermonthclub.com
874:(35): 14539â14544.
488:produced the first
810:The New York Times
728:"What is a Lager?"
587:
540:Oktoberfest-MĂ€rzen
436:
425:
322:Production process
229:Kingdom of Bohemia
212:
50:
1815:
1814:
1728:
1727:
1577:American wild ale
1512:Dortmunder Export
1320:American pale ale
1054:978-0-9840756-1-4
1027:978-0-7611-8498-0
600:, "black beer".
555:alcohol by volume
480:(now part of the
366:warm fermentation
328:cool fermentation
292:
291:
246:Lager Percentage
170:, a more heavily
16:(Redirected from
1835:
1805:
1804:
1777:Low-alcohol beer
1757:Barrel-aged beer
1587:Flanders red ale
1565:
1502:Australian lager
1282:
1275:
1268:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1250:
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1227:
1225:
1224:
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1207:
1206:
1204:
1203:
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1181:
1179:
1177:
1168:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1135:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1075:on 26 April 2012
1065:
1059:
1058:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1011:
1005:
1004:
986:
980:
979:
966:
957:
956:
954:
953:
935:
929:
928:, 23 April 1871.
912:Pasteur, Louis,
910:
904:
903:
893:
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859:
853:
852:
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849:
834:
828:
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753:
747:
746:
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743:
724:
718:
717:
715:
714:
699:
693:
678:
660:
659:
651:
455:Gabriel Sedlmayr
380:are brewed with
234:
152:southern Germany
144:bottom-fermented
80:
79:
76:
75:
72:
69:
66:
63:
21:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1807:Beer portal
1799:
1791:
1724:
1618:
1582:Berliner Weisse
1556:
1483:
1296:
1286:
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1247:
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803:
802:
798:
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784:
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750:
741:
739:
732:Happy Hour City
726:
725:
721:
712:
710:
701:
700:
696:
679:
675:
671:
666:
654:
646:
636:
622:, is brewed in
573:
563:
505:
411:
405:
396:
372:; while German
324:
243:Lager Breweries
240:Total Breweries
202:
128:
60:
56:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1841:
1839:
1831:
1830:
1820:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1767:Beer sommelier
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1723:
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1705:
1695:
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1629:
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1611:
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1604:
1599:
1589:
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1579:
1573:
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1562:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1497:American lager
1493:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1387:India pale ale
1384:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1370:BiĂšre de Garde
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1306:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1277:
1270:
1262:
1255:
1254:
1229:
1208:
1183:
1155:
1149:979-8650933434
1148:
1121:
1100:
1086:
1060:
1053:
1033:
1026:
1006:
999:
981:
958:
930:
924:p. 10. Citing
905:
854:
829:
796:
793:on 2011-10-19.
778:
761:brauer-bund.de
748:
719:
694:
672:
670:
667:
665:
664:
644:
643:
635:
632:
562:
559:
504:
501:
482:Czech Republic
463:Spaten Brewery
407:Main article:
404:
401:
395:
392:
355:six-row barley
347:Reinheitsgebot
323:
320:
316:Carl von Linde
312:Spaten Brewery
297:chestnut trees
290:
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283:
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194:United Kingdom
127:
124:
47:German brewery
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1840:
1829:
1828:Types of beer
1826:
1825:
1823:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1788:
1787:Seasonal beer
1785:
1783:
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1775:
1773:
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1768:
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1574:
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1566:
1563:
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1545:
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1535:
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1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1437:Baltic porter
1435:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1392:Irish red ale
1390:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1365:Farmhouse ale
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1244:on 2010-06-09
1243:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1218:
1212:
1209:
1198:on 2010-06-09
1197:
1193:
1187:
1184:
1172:
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1151:
1145:
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1134:
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1128:
1126:
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1101:
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1087:
1074:
1070:
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1061:
1056:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1037:
1034:
1029:
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738:on 2021-06-24
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690:0-8493-2547-1
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314:in Munich by
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308:refrigeration
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160:" (pale) or "
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1561:Other styles
1488:
1246:. Retrieved
1242:the original
1232:
1221:. Retrieved
1211:
1200:. Retrieved
1196:the original
1186:
1174:. Retrieved
1158:
1140:Vienna Lager
1139:
1113:. Retrieved
1103:
1089:
1077:. Retrieved
1073:the original
1063:
1043:
1036:
1016:
1009:
990:
984:
974:
950:. Retrieved
943:
933:
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913:
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871:
867:
857:
846:. Retrieved
842:the original
832:
821:. Retrieved
809:
799:
791:the original
781:
771:September 3,
769:. Retrieved
765:the original
760:
751:
740:. Retrieved
736:the original
731:
722:
711:. Retrieved
709:. 2021-04-05
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528:Anton Dreher
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117:
114:cold storage
111:
106:
52:
51:
1740:Abbey beers
1710:Spruce beer
1698:Smoked beer
1676:Millet beer
1637:Banana beer
1547:Schwarzbier
1444:Pumpkin ale
1330:Barley wine
1289:Beer styles
1176:October 15,
1079:15 December
975:Connections
970:James Burke
948:(in German)
616:Schwarzbier
571:Schwarzbier
513:Oktoberfest
503:Amber lager
486:Josef Groll
440:pale lagers
432:Josef Groll
301:beer garden
209:Czech lager
189:Schwarzbier
91:conditioned
89:brewed and
18:Amber lager
1693:Small beer
1666:Light beer
1632:Fruit beer
1537:Pale lager
1527:Kellerbier
1479:Wheat beer
1469:Strong ale
1459:Scotch ale
1402:Grodziskie
1350:Copper ale
1345:Burton ale
1248:2012-08-14
1223:2010-09-28
1202:2010-05-26
1115:2014-04-08
952:2016-10-11
922:0966208420
848:2014-04-08
823:2022-12-20
742:2021-06-19
713:2021-06-19
692:p. 5.
669:References
612:Doppelbock
598:ÄernĂ© pivo
565:See also:
561:Dark lager
409:Pale lager
403:Pale lager
394:Variations
370:steam beer
166:" (dark).
154:, either "
1703:Rauchbier
1671:Malt beer
1644:Hard soda
1627:Corn beer
1614:Oud bruin
1597:Framboise
1569:Sour beer
1449:Quadrupel
1355:Cream ale
1340:Brown ale
1315:Amber ale
818:0362-4331
628:Thuringia
451:noble hop
318:in 1870.
192:. In the
136:Lagerbier
126:Etymology
43:Bitburger
1822:Category
1782:Real ale
1752:Adjuncts
1745:Trappist
1733:See also
1688:Rye beer
1659:Podpiwek
1649:Ice beer
1427:Pale ale
1417:Mild ale
1375:Grisette
1238:"Dunkel"
900:21873232
634:See also
484:) where
459:pale ale
421:Pilsener
351:adjuncts
1772:Brewery
1542:Pilsner
1422:Old ale
1310:Altbier
891:3167505
682:Brewing
521:Einbeck
490:Pilsner
478:Bohemia
467:Germany
374:Altbier
168:Pilsner
163:Dunkles
148:Germany
81:) is a
1602:Gueuze
1592:Lambic
1532:MĂ€rzen
1522:Helles
1517:Dunkel
1474:Tripel
1432:Porter
1412:Kölsch
1380:Saison
1360:Dubbel
1335:Bitter
1146:
1051:
1024:
997:
920:
898:
888:
816:
688:
648:Portal
624:Saxony
603:Dunkel
583:Dunkel
580:German
567:Dunkel
509:MĂ€rzen
497:Helles
447:golden
378:Kölsch
288:97.9%
274:85.0%
260:32.5%
186:, and
183:MĂ€rzen
172:hopped
157:Helles
132:German
1720:Tella
1654:Kvass
1607:Kriek
1552:Zoigl
1489:Lager
1464:Stout
1454:Sahti
1167:(PDF)
620:stout
594:Tmavé
457:took
418:Czech
134:word
107:lager
101:, or
99:amber
53:Lager
1681:Pito
1507:Bock
1397:Gose
1293:list
1178:2021
1144:ISBN
1081:2011
1049:ISBN
1022:ISBN
995:ISBN
918:ISBN
896:PMID
814:ISSN
773:2015
686:ISBN
662:Beer
626:and
585:beer
569:and
517:Bock
423:beer
376:and
279:1870
265:1865
251:1860
237:Year
177:Bock
103:dark
95:pale
87:beer
83:type
45:, a
1302:Ale
886:PMC
876:doi
872:108
640:Ale
608:abv
476:in
465:in
359:ABV
285:831
282:849
271:459
268:540
257:135
254:416
85:of
1824::
1169:.
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961:^
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557:.
515:,
303:.
180:,
140:de
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74:Ér
68:ÉË
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1291:(
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902:.
878::
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775:.
745:.
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650::
138:(
77:/
71:ÉĄ
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62:Ë
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55:(
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20:)
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