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caused by smoke. Manually uprooting ragweed is generally ineffective, and skin contact can cause allergic reaction. If uprooting is the method of choice, it should be performed before flowering. There is evidence that mechanical and chemical control methods are actually no more effective in the long
509:
Concentration of ragweed pollen—in the absence of significant rainfall, which removes pollen from the air- is the lowest in the early morning hours (6:00 AM), when emissions starts. Pollen concentration peaks at midday. Ragweed pollen can remain airborne for days and travel great distances, and can
490:. A single plant may produce about a billion grains of pollen per season, and the pollen is transported on the wind. It causes about half of all cases of pollen-associated allergic rhinitis in North America, where ragweeds are most abundant and diverse. Common culprits are
681:
596:
the proteins that cause the reaction, the foods are more allergenic when eaten raw; exceptions are celery and nuts, which may not be safe even when cooked. Signs of reaction can include itching, burning, and swelling of the mouth and throat, runny eyes and nose,
660:, and applications for permits and funding to test these controls have been unsuccessful. The beetle has, however, appeared in Europe, either on its own or as an uncontrolled introduction, and it has started making a dent into Ambrosia populations there.
609:. These symptoms are due to the abnormal increase of IgE antibodies which attach to a type of immune cell called mast cells. When the ragweed antigen then attaches to these antibodies the mast cells release histamine and other symptom-evoking chemicals.
518:, has been badly affected by ragweed since the early 1990s, when the dismantling of Communist collective agriculture led to large-scale abandonment of agricultural land, and new building projects also resulted in disturbed, un-landscaped areas.
634:
Where herbicides cannot be used, mowing may be repeated about every three weeks, as it grows back rapidly. In the past, ragweed was usually cut down, left to dry, and then burned. This method is used less often now, because of the
415:. The leaves may be arranged alternately, oppositely, or both. The leaf blades come in many shapes, sometimes divided pinnately or palmately into lobes. The edges are smooth or toothed. Some are hairy, and most are glandular.
1276:
1730:
Wopfner, Nicole; Gadermaier, Gabriele; Egger, Matthias; Asero, Riccardo; Ebner, Christof; Jahn-Schmid, Beatrice; Ferreira, Fatima (2005). "The
Spectrum of Allergens in Ragweed and Mugwort Pollen".
548:, a food allergy classified by a cluster of allergic reactions in the mouth in response to the consumption of certain fruits, vegetables, and nuts. Foods commonly involved include
510:
even be carried 300–400 miles (500–600 km) out to sea. Ragweeds native to the
Americas have been introduced to Europe starting in the nineteenth century and especially during
1280:
2314:
626:
As of 2006, research into allergy immunotherapy treatment involved administering doses of the allergen to accustom the body to induce specific long-term tolerance.
1700:
Kiss, L. "Spread of Common
Ragweed in Europe: An Example for Biological Invasion Caused by an Alien Weed Introduced to a New Environment". In: Vincent, C., et al.
2353:
1855:
Moingeon, P.; Batard, T.; Fadel, R.; Frati, F.; Sieber, J.; Overtvelt, L. (2006). "Immune mechanisms of allergen-specific sublingual immunotherapy".
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1666:
Barnes, Charles; Pacheco, Freddy; Landuyt, Julie; Hu, Frank; Portnoy, Jay (2001). "Hourly variation of airborne ragweed pollen in Kansas City".
411:. Species may grow just a few centimeters tall or exceed four meters in height. The stems are erect, decumbent or prostrate, and many grow from
2389:
1597:"It is estimated that a single plant produces 1 billion shafts of pollen, or that 1 square mile of ragweed plants produces 16 tons of pollen".
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350:
The name "ragweed" is derived from "ragged" + "weed," coming from the ragged appearance of the plant's leaves. Other common names include
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1965:"Ophraella communa, the ragweed leaf beetle, has successfully landed in Europe: fortunate coincidence or threat?"
77:
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made up mostly of staminate flowers with some pistillate clusters around the base. Staminate flower heads have
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623:, has launched a ragweed allergy immunotherapy treatment in sublingual tablet form in the US and Canada.
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Müller-Schärer, H; Lommen, S T E; Rossinelli, M; Bonini, M; Boriani, M; Bosio, G; Schaffner, U (2014).
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that contain both staminate and pistillate flowers. Inflorescences are often in the form of a spike or
382:. Up to half of all cases of pollen-related allergic rhinitis in North America are caused by ragweeds.
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2015:
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Dahl, Åslög; Strandhede, Sven-Olov; Wihl, Jan-Ålxe (1999). "Ragweed – An allergy risk in Sweden?".
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1621:"Each ragweed plant produces about one billion pollen grains during an average allergy season".
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1901:
Lewis, Alan J. (1973). "Ragweed
Control Techniques: Effect on Old-Field Plant Populations".
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Rasmussen, Karen; Thyrring, Jakob; Muscarella, Robert; Borchsenius, Finn (16 March 2017).
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surrounded by whitish or purplish florets. Pistillate flower heads have fruit-yielding
359:
102:
2254:
1996:
Shiyake, S.; Moriya, S. (2005). "Expansion of
Ophraella communa LeSage in east Asia".
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1536:"The Morphology of the Inflorescence of Ragweeds (Ambrosia-Franseria: Compositae)"
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347:. In Europe, this spread is expected to continue, due to ongoing climate change.
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1471:) progression and its health risks: will Switzerland resist this invasion?"
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Consumer Health USA: Essential
Information from the Federal Health Network
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1410:
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589:
585:
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534:
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1334:"A new Ambrosia (Asteraceae) from the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico"
514:, and have spread rapidly since the 1950s. Eastern Europe, particularly
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1922:
1572:
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375:
304:
2016:
The Host Range of
Ophraella communa Lesage (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
1981:
1964:
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458:
431:
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1946:"Catalogue of Life - 2011 Annual Checklist :: Species details"
1357:"Climate-change-induced range shifts of three allergenic ragweeds (
521:
The major allergenic compound in the pollen has been identified as
2306:
2192:
1613:
2nd ed. Volume 2. Westwood, Connecticut: Greenwood, 1997. pg. 32.
1411:"ragweed | Etymology, origin and meaning of ragweed by etymonline"
691:
679:
667:
581:
557:
472:
439:
408:
89:
741:– ambrosia-leaf bur ragweed, big bursage, ambrosia bursage
549:
2076:
2179:
447:
385:
The most widespread species of the genus in North
America is
720:– flatspine bur ragweed, annual bursage, sand bursage
1361:
L.) in Europe and their potential impact on human health"
1154:– Cuman ragweed, western ragweed, perennial ragweed
533:. It also contains other allergenic components, such as
37:"Hymenoclea" redirects here. For the genus of moth, see
1589:
3rd ed. Volume 2. Boston: Little Brown. 1978. pg. 788.
1332:
León de la Luz, José Luis; Rebman, Jon P. (June 2010).
442:
and fewer, smaller florets. The pistillate flowers are
763:– common ragweed, short ragweed, Roman wormwood
1834:. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. p. 493.
2085:
943:– woolly fruit bur ragweed, hollyleaf bursage
450:, sometimes adorned with knobs, wings, or spines.
2069:. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
1773:Muluk, Nuray Bayar; Cingi, Cemal (January 2018).
1438:. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
1174:(Torr. & A. Gray) Strother & B.G. Baldwin
1732:International Archives of Allergy and Immunology
858:– San Diego bur ragweed, San Diego bursage
847:– Rio Grande ragweed, South Texas ambrosia
1086:(Torr. & A.Gray) Strother & B.G.Baldwin
891:– triangle bur ragweed, triangle bursage
1165:– dwarf bur ragweed, San Diego ambrosia
880:– Tucson bur ragweed, heartleaf bursage
8:
656:of ragweeds, but the latter may also attack
544:Ragweed allergy sufferers may show signs of
1779:American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy
1216:– slimleaf bur ragweed, lacy ambrosia
784:– lanceleaf ragweed, southern ragweed
2073:
1704:. Wallingford, Oxon.: CABI. 2007. pg. 81.
1668:Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
964:– woollyleaf bur ragweed, lagoonweed
601:, and, less commonly, vomiting, diarrhea,
367:, meaning "food or drink of immortality".
54:
45:
1980:
1790:
1562:
1386:
1376:
1338:Boletín de la Sociedad Botánica de México
1896:
1894:
1702:Biological Control: A Global Perspective
529:nonglycosylated protein composed of two
245:Torr. & A.Gray ex Torr. & A.Gray
1605:
1603:
1268:
1327:
1325:
1323:
836:– silver burr ragweed, beach-bur
465:that grow in disturbed habitat types.
1903:Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club
1460:
1458:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
7:
2444:819d6678-2c9b-4f65-a174-6c5f014839e3
2369:d6978e5e-6ecf-48bf-94c2-743d78a08e7b
1465:Taramarcaz, P.; et al. (2005).
1238:– great ragweed, giant ragweed
704:There are about 50 species in genus
640:run than leaving the weed in place.
461:and semi-desert areas, and many are
1132:(Seaman) Strother & B.G.Baldwin
446:, and the fruits develop. They are
1534:Payne, Willard W. (October 1963).
1097:(B.L.Rob. & Fernald) W.W.Payne
289:are flowering plants in the genus
25:
2408:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:327075-2
2044:
1869:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01002.x
1227:– skeletonleaf bur ragweed
932:– burrobush, white bursage
652:have been proposed as agents of
76:
1585:Samter, M. and D. W. Talmage.
1524:. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum.
2014:W. A. Palmer and R. D. Goeden
1088:– singlewhorl burrobrush
303:. They are distributed in the
1:
1680:10.1016/S1081-1206(10)62686-5
1277:"Global Compositae Checklist"
1011:– hollyleaf bur ragweed
358:. The genus name is from the
1047:– streaked bur ragweed
1026:– intergrading ragweed
869:– weakleaf bur ragweed
331:. Several species have been
2508:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
999:León de la Luz & Rebman
646:and the leaf-eating beetle
486:Ragweed pollen is a common
2524:
1543:American Journal of Botany
592:. Because cooking usually
325:southwestern United States
36:
29:
1792:10.2500/ajra.2018.32.4489
1452:. The Jepson eFlora 2013.
1317:. Flora of North America.
1119:– ragweed, altamisa
374:is notorious for causing
222:
215:
73:Scientific classification
71:
62:
53:
48:
2057:GRIN Species Records of
852:Ambrosia chenopodiifolia
841:Ambrosia cheiranthifolia
539:calcium-binding proteins
378:in humans, specifically
323:of the genus are in the
32:Ragweed (disambiguation)
1950:www.catalogueoflife.org
1775:"Oral Allergy Syndrome"
1645:10.1023/A:1007678107552
990:– coastal ragweed
757:Ambrosia artemisiifolia
752:– marko, altamisa
654:biological pest control
630:Control and eradication
479:Ambrosia artemisiifolia
395:Description and ecology
388:Ambrosia artemisiifolia
319:, where the origin and
1587:Immunological Diseases
1490:10.4414/smw.2005.11201
1031:Ambrosia johnstoniorum
863:Ambrosia confertiflora
768:Ambrosia artemisioides
701:
689:
677:
483:
1830:Owen, Judith (2013).
1253:Ambrosia villosissima
1148:Ambrosia psilostachya
1072:Ambrosia microcephala
1056:(Brandegee) W.W.Payne
979:– Helen ragweed
916:Ambrosia diversifolia
815:– hairy ragweed
735:Ambrosia ambrosioides
729:(Brandegee) W.W.Payne
714:Ambrosia acanthicarpa
698:Ambrosia ambrosioides
695:
683:
671:
617:allergy immunotherapy
615:, under license from
546:oral allergy syndrome
476:
65:Ambrosia psilostachya
2053:at Wikimedia Commons
1478:Swiss Medical Weekly
1138:Ambrosia polystachya
900:(Cabrera) M.O.Dillon
830:Ambrosia chamissonis
746:Ambrosia arborescens
686:Ambrosia chamissonis
30:For other uses, see
1210:Ambrosia tenuifolia
1200:Ambrosia tarapacana
1190:Ambrosia tacorensis
1052:Ambrosia magdalenae
1005:Ambrosia ilicifolia
962:(A.Nelson) Shinners
937:Ambrosia eriocentra
906:Ambrosia divaricata
874:Ambrosia cordifolia
799:Ambrosia camphorata
708:. Species include:
438:surrounded by many
321:center of diversity
2065:2008-10-05 at the
1415:www.etymonline.com
1378:10.7717/peerj.3104
1221:Ambrosia tomentosa
1113:Ambrosia peruviana
1009:(A.Gray) W.W.Payne
952:(A.Gray) W.W.Payne
941:(A.Gray) W.W.Payne
930:(A.Gray) W.W.Payne
885:Ambrosia deltoidea
878:(A.Gray) W.W.Payne
856:(Benth.) W.W.Payne
824:(Greene) W.W.Payne
820:Ambrosia carduacea
809:Ambrosia canescens
803:(Greene) W.W.Payne
778:Ambrosia bidentata
725:Ambrosia acuminata
702:
690:
678:
484:
376:allergic reactions
2480:
2479:
2377:Open Tree of Life
2079:Taxon identifiers
2049:Media related to
2031:. The Plant List.
1982:10.1111/wre.12072
1744:10.1159/000089188
1484:(37/38): 538–48.
1258:
1248:
1243:Ambrosia velutina
1237:
1226:
1215:
1205:
1195:
1185:
1175:
1164:
1153:
1143:
1133:
1118:
1108:
1098:
1087:
1082:Ambrosia monogyra
1077:
1067:
1062:Ambrosia maritima
1057:
1046:
1045:(Rydb.) W.W.Payne
1041:Ambrosia linearis
1036:
1025:
1010:
1000:
989:
978:
963:
953:
948:Ambrosia flexuosa
942:
931:
921:
911:
910:(Brandegee) Payne
901:
890:
889:(Torr.) W.W.Payne
879:
868:
857:
846:
835:
825:
814:
804:
794:
789:Ambrosia bryantii
783:
773:
772:Meyen & Walp.
762:
751:
740:
730:
719:
649:Ophraella communa
496:A. artemisiifolia
457:species occur in
422:, most producing
380:allergic rhinitis
327:and northwestern
284:
283:
278:
270:
262:
254:
246:
238:
230:
211:
39:Hymenoclea (moth)
16:(Redirected from
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2493:Ambrosia (plant)
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2346:NHMSYS0000455849
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1935:Kiss, pp. 83–89.
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1841:978-14292-1919-8
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1288:
1279:. Archived from
1273:
1256:
1246:
1235:
1232:Ambrosia trifida
1224:
1213:
1203:
1193:
1184:Hook. & Arn.
1183:
1173:
1170:Ambrosia salsola
1162:
1151:
1141:
1131:
1116:
1106:
1103:Ambrosia pannosa
1096:
1085:
1075:
1065:
1055:
1044:
1034:
1023:
1008:
998:
987:
984:Ambrosia hispida
976:
961:
951:
940:
929:
919:
909:
899:
896:Ambrosia dentata
888:
877:
866:
855:
844:
833:
823:
812:
802:
792:
781:
771:
760:
749:
739:(Cav.) W.W.Payne
738:
728:
717:
345:invasive species
343:and have become
276:
268:
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244:
236:
228:
207:
81:
80:
58:
46:
21:
18:Ambrosia (plant)
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2503:Ruderal species
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2067:Wayback Machine
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2036:
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2025:
2021:
2013:
2009:
1995:
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1962:
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1915:10.2307/2484099
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1555:10.2307/2439774
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1284:
1283:on 9 March 2015
1275:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1180:Ambrosia scabra
1159:Ambrosia pumila
926:Ambrosia dumosa
674:Ambrosia dumosa
666:
632:
471:
463:ruderal species
444:wind pollinated
405:perennial herbs
397:
311:regions of the
206:
75:
42:
35:
28:
27:Genus of plants
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2500:
2495:
2485:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2461:
2457:wfo-4000001561
2448:
2435:
2425:
2412:
2399:
2386:
2373:
2363:
2350:
2337:
2324:
2311:
2298:
2285:
2272:
2259:
2249:
2236:
2223:
2210:
2197:
2184:
2171:
2158:
2145:
2132:
2122:
2107:
2091:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2054:
2040:
2039:External links
2037:
2034:
2033:
2019:
2007:
1988:
1975:(2): 109–119.
1955:
1937:
1928:
1890:
1847:
1840:
1822:
1765:
1722:
1720:Kiss pp. 81–82
1713:
1693:
1658:
1639:(4): 293–297.
1623:
1599:
1578:
1564:2027.42/141142
1526:
1511:
1454:
1440:
1426:
1402:
1347:
1319:
1294:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1249:
1239:
1228:
1217:
1206:
1196:
1186:
1176:
1166:
1163:(Nutt.) A.Gray
1155:
1144:
1134:
1120:
1109:
1099:
1093:Ambrosia nivea
1089:
1078:
1068:
1058:
1048:
1037:
1027:
1012:
1001:
991:
980:
965:
958:Ambrosia grayi
954:
944:
933:
922:
912:
902:
892:
881:
870:
859:
848:
837:
834:(Less.) Greene
826:
816:
805:
795:
793:(Curran) Payne
785:
774:
764:
753:
742:
731:
721:
665:
662:
631:
628:
619:(AIT) company
613:Merck & Co
492:common ragweed
470:
467:
424:inflorescences
396:
393:
339:and some have
282:
281:
280:
279:
274:Hemixanthidium
271:
263:
255:
247:
239:
231:
226:Acanthambrosia
220:
219:
213:
212:
199:
195:
194:
189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
139:
132:
131:
126:
119:
118:
113:
106:
105:
100:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
69:
68:
60:
59:
51:
50:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2520:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2471:
2466:
2462:
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2432:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2404:
2400:
2396:
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2383:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2364:
2360:
2355:
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2347:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2250:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2030:
2029:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1992:
1989:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1969:Weed Research
1966:
1959:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1863:(2): 151–65.
1862:
1858:
1851:
1848:
1843:
1837:
1833:
1826:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1769:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1738:(4): 337–46.
1737:
1733:
1726:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1710:1-84593-265-X
1707:
1703:
1697:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1674:(2): 166–71.
1673:
1669:
1662:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1619:1-57356-068-5
1616:
1612:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1595:0-316-76985-1
1592:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1549:(9): 872–80.
1548:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1515:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1470:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1430:
1427:
1416:
1412:
1406:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1360:
1351:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1282:
1278:
1272:
1269:
1262:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1020:intergradiens
1017:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1002:
997:
996:
995:Ambrosia humi
992:
986:
985:
981:
975:
974:
970:
966:
960:
959:
955:
950:
949:
945:
939:
938:
934:
928:
927:
923:
920:(Piper) Rydb.
918:
917:
913:
908:
907:
903:
898:
897:
893:
887:
886:
882:
876:
875:
871:
865:
864:
860:
854:
853:
849:
843:
842:
838:
832:
831:
827:
822:
821:
817:
811:
810:
806:
801:
800:
796:
791:
790:
786:
780:
779:
775:
770:
769:
765:
759:
758:
754:
748:
747:
743:
737:
736:
732:
727:
726:
722:
716:
715:
711:
710:
709:
707:
700:
699:
694:
688:
687:
682:
676:
675:
670:
663:
661:
659:
655:
651:
650:
645:
641:
638:
629:
627:
624:
622:
618:
614:
610:
608:
604:
600:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
525:, a 38 k
524:
519:
517:
513:
507:
505:
501:
500:great ragweed
497:
493:
489:
481:
480:
475:
468:
466:
464:
460:
456:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
418:Ragweeds are
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
399:Ragweeds are
394:
392:
390:
389:
383:
381:
377:
373:
368:
366:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
317:North America
315:, especially
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
295:in the aster
294:
293:
288:
275:
272:
267:
264:
259:
256:
251:
248:
243:
240:
235:
232:
227:
224:
223:
221:
218:
214:
210:
205:
204:
200:
197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
186:
183:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
108:
107:
104:
103:Tracheophytes
101:
98:
95:
94:
91:
88:
85:
84:
79:
74:
70:
67:
66:
61:
57:
52:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
2086:
2058:
2027:
2022:
2010:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1972:
1968:
1958:
1949:
1940:
1931:
1909:(6): 333–8.
1906:
1902:
1860:
1856:
1850:
1831:
1825:
1785:(1): 27–30.
1782:
1778:
1768:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1716:
1701:
1696:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1636:
1633:Aerobiologia
1632:
1626:
1610:
1609:Rees, A. M.
1586:
1581:
1546:
1542:
1529:
1520:
1514:
1481:
1477:
1468:
1448:
1443:
1434:
1429:
1418:. Retrieved
1414:
1405:
1368:
1364:
1358:
1350:
1341:
1337:
1313:
1285:. Retrieved
1281:the original
1271:
1251:
1241:
1230:
1219:
1208:
1198:
1188:
1178:
1168:
1157:
1146:
1136:
1127:
1123:
1111:
1101:
1091:
1080:
1070:
1060:
1050:
1039:
1029:
1019:
1015:
1003:
993:
982:
972:
968:
956:
946:
935:
924:
914:
904:
894:
883:
872:
861:
850:
839:
828:
818:
807:
797:
787:
776:
766:
755:
744:
733:
723:
712:
705:
703:
696:
684:
672:
647:
644:Fungal rusts
642:
633:
625:
611:
543:
522:
520:
508:
503:
495:
485:
477:
454:
452:
417:
398:
386:
384:
369:
362:
356:burrobrushes
355:
351:
349:
291:
290:
286:
285:
273:
266:Hemiambrosia
265:
257:
249:
241:
233:
225:
202:
201:
135:
122:
109:
96:
63:
43:
2498:Allergology
2289:iNaturalist
2111:Wikispecies
1344:(6): 65–70.
607:anaphylaxis
512:World War I
341:naturalized
309:subtropical
192:Ambrosiinae
182:Heliantheae
172:Asteroideae
168:Subfamily:
116:Angiosperms
2487:Categories
1998:Insect Nat
1832:Immunology
1467:"Ragweed (
1420:2023-07-15
1263:References
1247:O.E.Schulz
1128:platyspina
1035:Henrickson
1024:W.H.Wagner
658:sunflowers
504:A. trifida
440:phyllaries
420:monoecious
333:introduced
301:Asteraceae
258:Gaertneria
250:Xanthidium
242:Hymenoclea
188:Subtribe:
162:Asteraceae
2201:FloraBase
1801:1945-8924
1371:: e3104.
1107:W.W.Payne
637:pollution
594:denatures
586:cucumbers
566:kiwifruit
562:hazelnuts
337:Old World
234:Franseria
152:Asterales
86:Kingdom:
2439:VicFlora
2428:VASCAN:
2421:40011701
2416:Tropicos
2307:327075-2
2255:ambrosia
2232:Ambrosia
2167:Ambrosia
2162:eFloraSA
2117:Ambrosia
2096:Wikidata
2087:Ambrosia
2063:Archived
2059:Ambrosia
2051:Ambrosia
2028:Ambrosia
2004:: 11–13.
1885:36043612
1877:16409190
1809:29336286
1760:34313189
1752:16254437
1688:11258685
1653:81763493
1521:Ambrosia
1506:24445801
1498:16333764
1469:Ambrosia
1449:Ambrosia
1435:Ambrosia
1397:28321366
1359:Ambrosia
1314:Ambrosia
1124:Ambrosia
1016:Ambrosia
969:Ambrosia
706:Ambrosia
590:zucchini
574:potatoes
535:profilin
531:subunits
488:allergen
455:Ambrosia
413:rhizomes
370:Ragweed
364:ambrosia
352:bursages
313:Americas
305:tropical
292:Ambrosia
287:Ragweeds
217:Synonyms
203:Ambrosia
158:Family:
142:Asterids
129:Eudicots
49:Ragweed
2470:1076124
2320:1360622
2268:3110576
2102:Q844270
1923:2484099
1857:Allergy
1817:7126007
1573:2439774
1388:5357339
1287:6 March
1257:Forssk.
1214:Spreng.
977:Rouleau
973:helenae
664:Species
578:bananas
570:parsley
523:Amb a 1
516:Hungary
469:Allergy
432:stamens
335:to the
277:Delpino
269:Delpino
253:Delpino
198:Genus:
178:Tribe:
148:Order:
90:Plantae
2390:PLANTS
2382:601709
2366:NZOR:
2252:FoIO:
2245:101325
2219:101325
2128:187993
2125:APDB:
1921:
1883:
1875:
1838:
1815:
1807:
1799:
1758:
1750:
1708:
1686:
1651:
1617:
1593:
1571:
1519:Genus
1504:
1496:
1395:
1385:
1117:Willd.
845:A.Gray
813:A.Gray
782:Michx.
605:, and
603:asthma
588:, and
582:melons
554:celery
498:) and
482:pollen
459:desert
436:ovules
428:raceme
409:shrubs
401:annual
372:pollen
329:Mexico
297:family
261:Medik.
2465:WoRMS
2395:AMBRO
2333:36495
2315:IRMNG
2294:53036
2227:FoAO2
2206:22161
2193:1AMBG
2180:37367
2141:85562
1919:JSTOR
1881:S2CID
1813:S2CID
1756:S2CID
1649:S2CID
1569:JSTOR
1539:(PDF)
1502:S2CID
1474:(PDF)
1365:PeerJ
1225:Nutt.
1204:Phil.
1194:Meyen
988:Pursh
750:Mill.
718:Hook.
599:hives
558:cumin
550:beans
453:Many
360:Greek
229:Rydb.
136:Clade
123:Clade
110:Clade
97:Clade
2403:POWO
2359:4211
2354:NCBI
2328:ITIS
2302:IPNI
2276:GRIN
2263:GBIF
2188:EPPO
2136:APNI
1873:PMID
1836:ISBN
1805:PMID
1797:ISSN
1748:PMID
1706:ISBN
1684:PMID
1615:ISBN
1591:ISBN
1494:PMID
1393:PMID
1289:2015
537:and
448:burs
407:and
403:and
354:and
307:and
237:Cav.
2452:WFO
2431:808
2341:NBN
2281:505
2240:FoC
2214:FNA
2175:EoL
2154:TLT
2149:CoL
1977:doi
1911:doi
1907:100
1865:doi
1787:doi
1740:doi
1736:138
1676:doi
1641:doi
1559:hdl
1551:doi
1486:doi
1482:135
1383:PMC
1373:doi
1152:DC.
1142:DC.
1076:DC.
867:DC.
621:ALK
506:).
2489::
2467::
2454::
2441::
2418::
2405::
2392::
2379::
2356::
2343::
2330::
2317::
2304::
2291::
2278::
2265::
2242::
2229::
2216::
2203::
2190::
2177::
2164::
2151::
2138::
2113::
2098::
2002:40
2000:.
1973:54
1971:.
1967:.
1948:.
1917:.
1905:.
1893:^
1879:.
1871:.
1861:61
1859:.
1811:.
1803:.
1795:.
1783:32
1781:.
1777:.
1754:.
1746:.
1734:.
1682:.
1672:86
1670:.
1647:.
1637:15
1635:.
1602:^
1567:.
1557:.
1547:50
1545:.
1541:.
1500:.
1492:.
1480:.
1476:.
1457:^
1413:.
1391:.
1381:.
1367:.
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1322:^
1297:^
1236:L.
1126:×
1066:L.
1018:×
971:×
761:L.
584:,
580:,
576:,
572:,
568:,
564:,
560:,
556:,
552:,
541:.
527:Da
391:.
299:,
209:L.
138::
125::
112::
99::
1985:.
1979::
1952:.
1925:.
1913::
1887:.
1867::
1844:.
1819:.
1789::
1762:.
1742::
1690:.
1678::
1655:.
1643::
1575:.
1561::
1553::
1508:.
1488::
1423:.
1399:.
1375::
1369:5
1291:.
502:(
494:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
