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Crystal
Eastman in ill health, the national office responded, in March, with a telegram signed by a number of liberal and radical worthies asking Baldwin once again to head the organization. This time, Baldwin accepted, and he headed for New York to replace Eastman as executive director in the group's office, located in the Munsey Building on Fifth Avenue.
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chapter of the AUAM but had grown tired of life in the
Midwest and sought to relocate in the East. In February 1917, Baldwin wrote to the national office of the organization, urging it to hold mass meetings in opposition to American participation in the war, an eventuality which seemed imminent. With
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The slogan advanced by those favoring
American entrance into the European conflict was that of "Preparedness." Throughout the latter part of 1915 this campaign gathered steam, inspiring the fledgling Anti-Militarism Committee to change its name to the "Anti-Preparedness Committee" in about January
420:
Lillian Wald to
Crystal Eastman, letter of August 27, 1917, Wald Papers, Columbia University, Box 88. Cited in "The American Union Against Militarism and World War I," an unpublished M.A. thesis by Holly Byers Ochoa, May, 1977, at the City College of the City University of New
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With
American entrance into the war, a campaign against dissent was initiated, touching radical political activists, trade unionists, and critics of the war alike. Baldwin and the AUAM were in the forefront of the campaign to push back in defense of the
162:. The organization attempted to keep the United States out of the European conflict through mass demonstrations, public lectures, and the printed word. Failing in that effort with American entry into the war in April 1917, the Union battled against
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Particularly in its early years, the AUAM was a broadly constituted organization, including religious pacifists, socialists, and liberals, united in a distaste for war and militarism and a commitment to the maintenance of
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pacifists known as the "Henry Street Peace
Committee" organized an organization known first as the "Anti-Militarism Committee" in an effort to keep the United States from entering World War I in support of the
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Lillian Wald resigned from the AUAM in August 1917, along with other moderates, over the decision by
Baldwin, Eastman, and others in the organization to send delegates to a Minneapolis convention of the
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following World War I. The office was raided by the government and AUAM publications were sometimes stopped by the postal authorities but the organization continued despite these actions.
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In 1919, the organization was subpoenaed by the New York legislature's Joint
Legislative Committee to Investigate Seditious Activities, popularly known as the
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The group was also known for a time as the
American Union for a Democratic Peace and the League for an American Peace. It ceased operations in 1922.
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248:. The organization was not explicitly socialist, but rather was dedicated to a pacifist critique of international and American policy.
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Activities included lobbying, publishing, a lecture campaign, and the establishment of a civil liberties bureau. Out of this grew the
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Most notable actions were their work in the effort to avert war with Mexico in 1916 and the encouragement of opposition to peacetime
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liberties of freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and the right of peaceable assembly to address grievances.
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in
September. The latter organization was formed to advance the Russian soviet system in the United States.
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Lobbying, publishing, lecture campaign, establishment of a civil liberties bureau, mass demonstrations
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regularly in an attempt to win elected officials to the ideas of the American Union.
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1916 and to the American Union Against Militarism (AUAM) later in that year.
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Nothing Less Than War: A New History of America's Entry into World War I
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to head the new national organization, which he declined. Instead,
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of the Henry Street Settlement was elected chairwoman and lawyer
325:"Examining the American peace movement prior to World War I"
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Roger Nash Baldwin and the American Civil Liberties Union,
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Roger Nash Baldwin and the American Civil Liberties Union,
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Roger Nash Baldwin and the American Civil Liberties Union,
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Roger Nash Baldwin and the American Civil Liberties Union,
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Roger Nash Baldwin and the American Civil Liberties Union.
200:. The committee emerged from among the activists in a
166:, action which subjected it to state repression, and
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American Union Against Militarism Records, 1915-1922
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People's Council of America for Democracy and Peace
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People's Council of America for Democracy and Peace
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360:New York: Columbia University Press, 2000; pg. 47.
227:Baldwin involved himself in the activities of the
220:became executive director of the organization.
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259:The organization placed a strong emphasis on
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158:organization established in response to
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138:American Union for a Democratic Peace
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339:"American Union Against Militarism"
136:Anti-Preparedness Committee (1916)
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558:Organizations established in 1915
148:American Union Against Militarism
77:Preventing war with Mexico (1916)
20:American Union Against Militarism
400:. University Press of Kentucky.
72:Preventing the US from entering
515:National Civil Liberties Bureau
279:(NCLB), which later became the
277:National Civil Liberties Bureau
123:National Civil Liberties Bureau
281:American Civil Liberties Union
204:project located on the city's
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140:League for an American Peace
56:; 102 years ago
38:; 109 years ago
392:Justus D. Doenecke (2011).
208:. Feelers were extended to
183:In January 1915 a group of
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553:Opposition to World War I
134:Anti-Militarism Committee
498:Oswald Garrison Villard
198:Austro-Hungarian empire
394:"Preparedness Debates"
174:Organizational history
16:WWI-era pacifist group
263:, sending Baldwin to
168:military intervention
356:Robert C. Cottrell,
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483:John Haynes Holmes
154:) was an American
108:Executive Director
407:978-0-8131-3003-3
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119:Affiliations
101:Lillian Wald
81:conscription
25:Abbreviation
456:Cottrell,
443:Cottrell,
430:Cottrell,
378:Cottrell,
160:World War I
74:World War I
542:Categories
271:Activities
96:Chairwoman
312:Footnotes
296:communist
292:socialist
229:St. Louis
79:Opposing
51:Dissolved
33:Formation
509:See also
283:(ACLU).
261:lobbying
196:and the
192:against
156:pacifist
460:pg. 51.
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434:pg. 49.
382:pg. 48.
194:Germany
87:Methods
69:Purpose
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43:1915-01
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421:York.
402:ISBN
294:and
152:AUAM
146:The
61:1922
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28:AUAM
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