469:, sells medals and tokens of his own design on his commercial website, "Designs Computed" (also known as "DC Coin"). Among his designs are a series of gold, silver and copper fantasy issues of amero coins ranging in denomination from one to one thousand. The medallions have the legend "Union of North America" on the back with his company's logo, a stylized "DC", in small type. Concerning his amero designs, he mentions on his website:
563:
51:
477:, and I would not welcome (in any form) a diminishment of its provisions. I expect that these coins will help make more people aware of the issue and the possible ramifications. I leave it up to others to decide if they are in favor of, or against a North American Union. And I encourage citizens to voice their approval or disapproval of government plans that impact them.
354:
local monetary policy to recover, and destabilized the currency which is also used by more economically healthy countries. The national budgets and debt levels of Canada, the United States, and Mexico, on the other hand, are also set completely independently, which could cause similar problems in a situation where monetary policy was centralized.
31:
920:
533:
In
October 2008, Hal Turner released a video showing an apparent 20 amero coin, with claims that shipments of the currency had been sent to China. Yet the coin in Hal Turner's video is identical to a medallion on Daniel Carr's "dc-coin" website, listed as "UNA 2007 20 Ameros, Copper, Satin Finish".
353:
is relatively small compared to the budgets of the
Eurozone countries, which are set independently. Leading up to the crisis, some countries incurred more debt than the unenforced EU guidelines called for. Due to the centralized monetary union, countries experiencing problems were unable to apply
129:
The idea of a common currency has historically been unpopular in
English-speaking Canada, in comparison to the French-speaking province of Quebec where it has received more support. A 2001 opinion poll found that in Quebec over 50% of respondents favored the idea of a shared currency, while in the
542:
On
December 3, 2008, Hal Turner's blog featured what he claimed were genuine "amero bills". He displayed photographs of purported 20, 50, and 100 amero notes. Turner did not identify how he obtained the images, saying only that "once again, my sources have come through". He claimed that the "new
314:
is a factor affecting currency prices. As of 2010, the debt of the United States continues to increase, while the debt of the
Canadian federal government is being reduced. This is a clear advantage for Canadians and it would not be reflected if the currencies were to merge. The importance of
518:
also ran a further counter to Turner's claims, stating "neither the U.S. Mint nor the U.S. Treasury has a hand in creating these 'Ameros'. These coins are merely collectibles offered to the buying public by a private company in the business of manufacturing such curiosities."
1612:
326:(compared to the United States), high taxes and wealth being created by the sale of goods and services. North America on the other hand has three distinct economies; one based mainly on manufacturing, industry and agriculture with a demand for free trade (
818:
205:
officially adopted the U.S. dollar as its sole currency. In a few areas of Canada, the U.S. dollar can be accepted as currency alongside the
Canadian Dollar, particularly in areas near border crossings. An example of this effect is
1605:
385:" was being implemented, without the knowledge and consent of the people who would be affected by the Union. The episode also briefly mentioned various claims about a common currency. The report focused on uncertainty prior to
100:) and adopting a new one, created specifically for this purpose (some versions of the theory assume only the United States and Canada would be included). The hypothetical currency for the union is most often referred to as the
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1860:
1598:
210:, with large numbers of U.S. tourists (businesses still may not accept U.S. currency depending on their policy). The same is also true for the Canadian Dollar in many U.S. cities near the United States-Canada border.
125:
One argument is that it would save up to $ 3 billion in currency transactions. The same authors also stated that Canada's GDP could rise by up to 33% in a 20-year period given the adoption of a single currency.
507:
Following Turner's assertions of federal minting of ameros, a web site marketing the curio coins released a statement debunking Turner's claims of a government cover up regarding Daniel Carr's amero products. The
393:
in late 2006, but never provided any substantive evidence to support this claim. The report suggested the union would be implemented by 2010, a deadline which came and went without such a union being implemented.
232:, the first proponent of the amero, admits that American officials show no interest in the topic. He concedes that "there wouldn't be very much benefit for the United States" in an amero. Likewise, the Canadian
267:
to move toward a single currency. The United States dollar already acts as a global currency, meaning any transition to a 'new' currency would risk compromising this position and could cause a shift toward the
247:
A North
American common currency would undoubtedly mean for Canada the adoption of the U.S. dollar and U.S. monetary policy. Canada would have to give up its control of domestic inflation and interest rates.
793:
256:
From the point of view of the
Canadian and Mexican governments, a major obstacle to the creation of a unified currency is the sheer dominance of the United States in any such union.
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292:. Therefore, even if the amero were used just as much as the U.S. dollar, the advantages would be shared among two or more countries, and not exclusively held by the United States.
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276:. The U.S. dollar is currently being used in over half of all the world's exports, double the total United States foreign trade. The adoption of the amero could threaten the
481:
Unauthorized postings of images taken from his website have been reposted widely across the
Internet, often being used as supposed "proof" of the amero coinage. Notably,
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334:), and a third based on services with higher taxes and higher public spending, with a large sector in primary goods such as oil, mining and lumber (
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strongly opposes the creation of a common currency with the United States, citing the loss of economic sovereignty. In briefing documents to former
457:
The inspiration behind these rumors may have been the posting of images of medallions created by coin designer Daniel Carr. Carr, who designed the
260:
365:, and the federal budget is large compared to state budgets, resulting in effective federal stabilization of the currency and national economy.
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Several problems could arise in regards to macroeconomic management. By submitting to a common currency, the countries would lose considerable
1840:
946:
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587:
1819:
1814:
742:
W.B.P. Robson and D.E.W. Laidler (2002). "No Small Change: The
Awkward Economics and Politics of North American Monetary Integration".
433:
of Texas were among the 43 federal lawmakers who introduced H. CON. RES. 40, a resolution advocated by the coalition, that expressed:
357:
In contrast, the economies of the various states of the United States are strongly integrated. Internally, the U.S. also has strong
280:
that the U.S. currently gains from its dollar. While seignorage would still be gained from the amero, this would be shared among the
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225:
417:, among others, reportedly formed a coalition against a North American Union. On January 22, 2007, Republican Representatives
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308:. Amongst the three potential participants, there is considerable difference in policy which would have to be reconciled.
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Testimony invited by the Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere of the United States Senate Foreign Relations Committee
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My goal with these coins is not to endorse a Union of North America or a common Amero currency. I fully support the
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402:
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A concern with any unified North American currency is the differing economic situations between each country. The
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user aleatorysort, who created them as an artistic political commentary, and were therefore not actual currency.
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suggested Turner was "beating the same tired, apocryphal drum" with his new claim. These images are art from the
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In August 2007, rumors and conspiracy theories began circulating across the Internet regarding alleged
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Lower levels of currency cooperation have been practiced in the Americas before. Some nations such as
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Opposition to a North American monetary union exists high up in the governments on both sides of the
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642:
607:
577:
398:
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Leger Marketing Group (August 30, 2001). "A Study of How Canadians Perceive Canada-US relations".
466:
438:
201:, and in practice two of these countries (El Salvador and Panama) are fully dollarized. In 2000,
844:
386:
289:
1547:"aleatorysort (2007-05-08). aleatorysort's photostream. Uploaded on 8 May 2007. Retrieved from"
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Implementation would involve the three countries giving up their current currency units (the
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55:
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currency is already being printed and quietly distributed around the world". The web site
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ran a full article on his website about the "amero coin", claiming to have arranged for a
426:
342:
323:
285:
155:
93:
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1000:
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The sense of Congress that the United States should not engage in the construction of a
330:), another based on services such as retail, with higher taxes and low public spending (
947:"Chapter 7: Official Dollarization in El Salvador as an Alternative Monetary Framework"
712:"The Case for the Amero: The Economics and Politics of a North American Monetary Union"
689:
627:
582:
486:
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143:
139:
105:
17:
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Carr's designs had been available through his website since 2005, and according to a
406:
305:
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puts forward the idea that the United States simply has too many advantages from the
151:
82:
70:
43:
1471:
WHOIS domain registration information results for dc-coin.com from Network Solutions
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647:
568:
509:
462:
422:
418:
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346:
273:
240:
97:
1381:
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530:, the domain "dc-coin.com" was registered by Daniel Carr on September 27, 2005.
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174:
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50:
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921:"El Salvador marks 20 years of dollarization with weak economic impulse"
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202:
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548:
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The U.S. dollar is officially accepted alongside local currencies in
78:
74:
39:
35:
744:
C.D. Howe Institute Commentary: The Border Papers, Toronto, Ontario
304:
in the management of the currency itself, including the setting of
30:
523:
49:
29:
441:
or enter into a North American Union (NAU) with Mexico or Canada.
632:
322:
comprises broadly similar service-based economies based on high
311:
269:
182:
109:
1594:
439:
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Superhighway System
1861:
Trilateral relations of Canada, Mexico, and the United States
1621:
Trilateral relations of Canada, Mexico, and the United States
1378:"Response to Turner claims of U.S. Government Amero Cover Up"
973:"Financial Integration and Dollarization: The Case of Panama"
1167:"North American Monetary Union: A United States Perspective"
1056:"Ecuador's one and only official currency is the US Dollar"
130:
rest of Canada a majority of respondents opposed the idea.
1457:
of Carr's coin list with the Amero near the bottom, and a
1429:
794:"Brazilian Real - Overview, History, and Denominations"
54:
The currency symbol for the hypothetical Amero, by the
1169:. Paper 29. Global & International Studies Program
1710:
Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America
1694:
North American Transportation Statistics Interchange
598:
Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America
1782:
1751:
1727:
1702:
1676:
1669:
1635:
1208:USD/CAD currency rates evolution over last 5 years
1108:"Can You Use US Dollars in Niagara Falls Canada?"
819:"Argentina's Currency Crisis: Lessons for Asia"
1135:"Consider a continental currency: Jarislowsky"
1606:
315:commodities also factors into this equation.
8:
1243:
1241:
845:"What Currencies Are Pegged to the Dollar?"
1673:
1613:
1599:
1591:
369:Conservative and protectionist allegations
1400:
1398:
500:minted "amero" to be smuggled out of the
361:- all but one of the fifty states have a
1851:Conspiracy theories in the United States
1684:Commission for Environmental Cooperation
1282:"Catalog of Minted Items by Daniel Carr"
678:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
502:United States Department of the Treasury
1235:, Fig.2.2.2, Eurostat Statistical Books
664:
261:University of California, Santa Barbara
150:the U.S. dollar. Some of them, such as
104:. The concept is modeled on the common
27:Theoretical economic and monetary union
1714:North American Competitiveness Council
1650:Agreement on Environmental Cooperation
1190:
1179:
1082:"Is U.S. Currency Accepted in Canada?"
1001:"Full Dollarization The Pros and Cons"
775:
764:
717:. The Fraser Institute. Archived from
1661:United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement
1483:"Hal Turner Shows NEW Amero Currency"
1430:"List of archives of www.dc-coin.com"
823:Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco
504:by an employee of that organization.
164:Organisation of the Eastern Caribbean
7:
1646:North American Free Trade Agreement
1380:. AmeroCurrency.com. Archived from
588:North American Free Trade Agreement
1774:North American energy independence
1526:"New Amero Paper Currency Exposed"
25:
1355:. Hal Turner Show. Archived from
1303:"Photos of notional Amero coins"
870:"XCD (Eastern Caribbean Dollar)"
561:
1444:from the original on 2016-10-22
243:, finance officials concluded:
34:Map of a theoretical NAU, with
1820:Mexico–United States relations
1815:Canada–United States relations
1689:North American Leaders' Summit
1655:Agreement on Labor Cooperation
345:partly on a lack of effective
1:
1759:North American monetary union
683:Bennett, Drake (2007-11-25).
63:North American monetary union
1528:. halturnershow.blogspot.com
1226:European Economic Statistics
1133:Chase, Steven (2007-11-22).
351:Budget of the European Union
296:Differing economies and debt
1841:Currencies of North America
1005:International Monetary Fund
226:Canada–United States border
67:economic and monetary union
1877:
1629:North American integration
1524:Turner, Hal (2008-12-03).
1266:Judi McLeod (2006-12-14).
1165:Benjamin J. Cohen (2004).
1060:People Places and Thoughts
710:Herbert G. Grubel (1999).
475:United States Constitution
341:Some observers blamed the
217:
1805:
1626:
1504:"UNA Ameri Pattern Coins"
1461:of the Amero page itself.
1332:"UNA Amero Pattern Coins"
1027:"Dollarization Explained"
363:balanced budget amendment
1738:The Council of Canadians
498:United States Government
134:Support in other regions
44:United States of America
1810:Canada–Mexico relations
1583:Pastor, Dr. Robert A.,
896:"East Caribbean Dollar"
512:investigating Web site
429:of North Carolina, and
214:Criticisms and problems
18:American currency union
1189:Cite journal requires
774:Cite journal requires
750:. C.D. Howe Institute.
685:"The Amero Conspiracy"
638:European Currency Unit
613:African Monetary Union
603:Special drawing rights
479:
452:United States Treasury
443:
249:
208:Niagara Falls, Ontario
148:tied their currency to
58:
47:
1284:. Designscomputed.com
623:East Caribbean dollar
471:
454:-issued amero coins.
435:
409:columnist and author
245:
234:Department of Finance
220:Optimum currency area
53:
33:
1769:North American Union
1353:"Amero Coin Arrives"
1270:. Canada Free Press.
1268:"Debut of the Amero"
1255:. November 29, 2006.
1253:CNN.com, Transcripts
653:United States dollar
593:North American Union
383:North American Union
1856:Proposed currencies
1790:2026 FIFA World Cup
1549:. Flicr. 2 May 2007
1459:19 August 2007 copy
1249:"Lou Dobbs Tonight"
608:World Currency Unit
578:List of trade blocs
399:Conservative Caucus
391:President of Mexico
238:Minister of Finance
1764:NAFTA superhighway
1752:Theorized projects
1743:John Birch Society
1455:4 August 2007 copy
1453:The archive has a
1231:2008-10-30 at the
1213:2015-02-08 at the
1140:The Globe and Mail
1114:. 27 December 2019
876:. 29 December 2020
467:statehood quarters
373:In November 2006,
59:
48:
1828:
1827:
1735:Anti-integration:
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1307:AmeroCurrency.com
528:Network Solutions
483:white nationalist
389:taking office as
359:fiscal federalism
65:is a theoretical
16:(Redirected from
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927:. 4 January 2021
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387:Felipe CalderĂłn
379:his CNN program
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343:Eurozone crisis
324:public spending
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286:Federal Reserve
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1564:External links
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1406:"Amero Uproar"
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1191:|journal=
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1088:. 11 June 2020
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487:Internet radio
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306:interest rates
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282:Bank of Canada
259:A paper from
253:
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230:Herbert Grubel
215:
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173:(since 2001),
146:have at times
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108:currency (the
106:European Union
71:North American
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485:and former
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171:El Salvador
156:The Bahamas
90:U.S. dollar
73:countries:
1835:Categories
1795:United bid
1553:2013-12-11
1532:2008-12-09
1510:2008-10-18
1489:2008-10-09
1448:2009-05-17
1415:2007-09-08
1410:Snopes.com
1388:2007-09-11
1363:2007-09-10
1338:2007-09-25
1334:. DC Coins
1317:2007-12-03
1288:2013-12-11
1173:2007-09-05
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728:2007-09-20
696:2012-08-09
660:References
545:Snopes.com
526:search at
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288:, and the
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179:Nicaragua
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