51:
347:
100:
763:
hysteria, and steeped as a tea to relieve anxiety-related indigestion, irregular heartbeat, and vomiting. The leaves are used to promote sweating to reduce fevers. The wood is used for liver and gallbladder disorders and cellulitis (inflammation of the skin and surrounding soft tissue). The wood burned to charcoal is ingested to treat intestinal disorders and used topically to treat edema or infection, such as cellulitis or ulcers of the lower leg.
620:
242:
75:
1488:
1472:
680:
The wood is pale brown, sometimes nearly white or faintly tinged with red; light, soft with fine close grain; clear of knots but does not split easily. It is low in strength and has a poor steam-bending classification. It can take stains and polish without difficulty and it planes, glues, screws and
417:
noted that occasionally, enormous leaves measuring 38 cm or 15 in long by 25 cm or 10 in wide appear on thick, succulent shoots. They open from the bud conduplicate, pale green, downy; when full grown are dark green, smooth, shining above, paler beneath, with tufts of rusty brown
762:
Linden flowers are used in colds, cough, fever, infections, inflammation, high blood pressure, headache (particularly migraine), as a diuretic (increases urine production), antispasmodic (reduces smooth muscle spasm along the digestive tract), and sedative. The flowers were added to baths to quell
647:
The
American basswood is recommended as an ornamental tree when the mass of foliage or a deep shade is desired; no native tree surpasses it in this respect. It is often planted on the windward side of an orchard as a protection to young and delicate trees. It is cultivated at least as far north as
639:
The
American basswood is known for being one of the most difficult native North American trees to propagate from seed, as they not only have a low viability rate (approximately 30% of all seeds are viable), but quickly develop an extremely hard seed coating that may delay germination for up to two
481:
s range is limited to north of the 35th parallel. Time of flowering varies by several weeks depending on the latitude; early May in Canada and early June in the extreme southern extent. Leaf drop in fall occurs between early and late
October depending on the latitude. The flowers are fragrant and
640:
years. If planting them, it is recommended to gather the seeds in early autumn and sow them before they dry out and form a coating. This will then allow germination to occur immediately. Overall, seeds are not a major part of the tree's reproductive strategy and it instead mostly spreads by self-
655:
The foliage and flowers are both edible, though the tender young leaves are more palatable. It is a beneficial species for attracting pollinators as well. Bees produce excellent honey with a mildly spicy flavor from its blossoms. The inner bark was used historically as a fiber source for making
701:
very well. It is usually used for guitars that will be painted an opaque color as its lack of notable grain makes it an unattractive candidate for transparent finish. It exhibits a very balanced, even tone with a good low/mid-midrange projection making it suitable for a wide variety of musical
720:
researchers. As the primary wood used to create Nxylon, basswood's natural properties contribute to the material's lightweight, stiff structure that can be easily cut into intricate shapes. The use of basswood in Nxylon demonstrates how a common, sustainable resource can be transformed into a
702:
applications. It is often paired with maple laminates to balance the midrange with more treble (inherent to maple) to make a very well rounded sounding instrument. It is also relatively inexpensive, which has made it a favorite of large factories mass-producing instruments.
1316:
PĂ©rez-Ortega, G.; Guevara-Fefer, P.; Chávez, M.; Herrera, J.; MartĂnez, A.; MartĂnez, A. L.; González-Trujano, M. E. (2008-03-28). "Sedative and anxiolytic efficacy of Tilia americana var. mexicana inflorescences used traditionally by communities of State of
Michoacan".
685:
of 0.4525 (relative to water). The wood is considered odorless. This makes it valuable in the manufacture of wooden utensils and furniture. It is also used for woodcarving. The inner bark is very tough and fibrous, used in the past for making ropes.
365:
reaching a height of 18 to 37 m (60 to 120 ft) exceptionally 39 m (128 ft) with a trunk diameter of 1–1.5 m (3–5 ft) at maturity. It grows faster than many North
American hardwoods, often twice the annual growth rate of
413:, asymmetrical, unequal at the base (the side nearest the branch the largest), 10–15 cm (4–6 in) (can grow up to 25 cm or 10 in) long and broad, with a long, slender petiole, a coarsely serrated margin and an acuminate apex.
1396:
Noguerón-Merino, M. C.; Jiménez-Ferrer, E.; Román-Ramos, R.; Zamilpa, A.; Tortoriello, J.; Herrera-Ruiz, M. (2015-04-22). "Interactions of a standardized flavonoid fraction from Tilia americana with
Serotoninergic drugs in elevated plus maze".
743:. Linden tea has a pleasing taste, due to the aromatic volatile oil found in the flowers. The flowers, leaves, wood, and charcoal (obtained from the wood) are used for medicinal purposes. Active ingredients in the linden flowers include
1280:
Aguirre-Hernández, E.; MartĂnez, A. L.; González-Trujano, M. E.; Moreno, J.; Vibrans, H.; Soto-Hernández, M. (2007-01-03). "Pharmacological evaluation of the anxiolytic and sedative effects of Tilia americana L. var. mexicana in mice".
389:
are smooth, reddish-green, becoming light gray in their second year, finally dark brown or brownish gray, marked with dark wart-like excrescences. The winter buds are stout, ovate-acute, smooth, deep red, with two bud scales visible.
1360:
Herrera-Ruiz, Maribel; Román-Ramos, Rubén; Zamilpa, Alejandro; Tortoriello, Jaime; Jiménez-Ferrer, J. Enrique (2008-07-23). "Flavonoids from Tilia americana with anxiolytic activity in plus-maze test".
374:
species. Life expectancy is around 200 years, with flowering and seeding generally occurring between 15 and 100 years, though occasionally seed production may start as early as eight years.
1962:
1967:
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1952:
636:
The
American basswood can be propagated by cuttings and grafting as well as by seed. Propagated plants grow rapidly in a rich soil, but are susceptible to many pests.
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477:. The leaves emerge in mid-spring, but the flowers require day lengths of approximately 14 hours and 30 minutes to form, hence
774:) and decreased movement, which indicates sedative effects. It is argued that its mechanism of action is due to the flavonoid
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751:), volatile oils, and mucilaginous constituents (which soothe and reduce inflammation). The plant also contains
644:. All juvenile basswoods coppice extremely readily, and even old trees will often sprout from the stump if cut.
857:
1873:
525:
American basswood is dominant in the sugar maple–basswood forest association, which is most common in western
1034:"First record of the rare species Pholiota squarrosoides (Agaricales, Strophariaceae) in southwestern Poland"
739:
is also used medicinally. The dried flowers are mildly sweet and sticky, and the fruit is somewhat sweet and
99:
849:
669:
include 'Nova', 'Duros' (with an upright crown), the pyramidal 'Frontyard' and the conic-crowned 'Redmond'.
319:
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fall soon after leaf opening. The fall color is yellow-green to yellow. Both the twigs and leaves contain
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high-tech material with applications in fine jewelry, solar cells, and precision optical devices.
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The tree was introduced to the UK in 1752, but has never prospered there, being prone to dieback.
1914:
1476:
994:
716:
Recently, basswood was used in the development of "Nxylon", a super-black material discovered by
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94:
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602:
351:
288:
1245:, vol. I, Dorset (Great Britain: British Herbal Medicine Association, pp. 142–144
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709:. This could be because its tonality helps level out the thin, tinny sound associated with
461:
attached for half its length at the base of the cyme. They are perfect, regular, with five
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137:
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124:
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542:
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232:
84:
79:
241:
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740:
423:
1127:
1083:
Fire
Effects Information System (FEIS) FEIS Home Page Index of Species Information
713:
contacts that many modern rock and metal players use as bridges on their guitars.
1749:
1214:"UBC super-black wood can improve telescopes, optical devices and consumer goods"
322:. It is the sole representative of its genus in the Western Hemisphere, assuming
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1770:
1682:
1536:
748:
577:
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534:
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1553:
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697:. It is relatively lightweight and easy to work and sand. It accepts paint and
663:, and skeletonized leaves are common. Mite galls commonly form on the foliage.
17:
1410:
1374:
1330:
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756:
710:
1527:
1445:
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744:
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It has proven especially popular in instruments made for musicians who play
641:
530:
526:
359:
291:
183:
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eat the bark, sometimes girdling young trees. The leaves serve as food for
1471:
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173:
150:
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Its flowers provide abundant nectar for insects. The seeds are eaten by
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419:
280:
1184:"Best wood for electric guitars | Full guide matching wood & tone"
1687:
752:
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nails well. It is sold generally under the name basswood. It has a
1700:
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466:
462:
458:
371:
345:
193:
111:
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increased sleeping time by 50 minutes (similar to the effects of
549:. It also has minor occurrence in many other forest cover types.
377:
The crown is domed, the branches spreading, often pendulous. The
1120:"What is Basswood? | Everything You Need to Know About Basswood"
569:
557:
386:
382:
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is gray to light brown, with narrow, well defined fissures. The
362:
284:
1612:
1502:
957:. 3rd edition, Vol. II., p.590. London, John Murray.
1432:
Kelly, Gregory S. (2011-06-01). "Quercetin. Monograph".
605:
in North
America) that feed on its leaves. The mushroom
1106:
932:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
1009:"Managing the Japanese Beetle:A Homeowner's Handbook"
433:
are small, fragrant, yellowish-white, 10–14 mm (
1147:
1145:
856:. In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.).
1511:
418:hairs in the axils of the primary veins; the small
766:Several animal studies showed that the extract of
597:This species is particularly susceptible to adult
824:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T61788230A61788232.en
358:The American basswood is a medium-sized to large
457:clusters of 6–20 with a whitish-green leaf-like
1963:Flora of the Great Lakes region (North America)
693:commonly used in the manufacture of solid-body
659:Basswood attracts many insect pests, including
326:is treated as a subspecies or local ecotype of
30:"Basswood" redirects here. For other uses, see
993:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp.
878:(USDA) – via Southern Research Station.
8:
1968:Natural history of the Great Smoky Mountains
955:Trees and shrubs hardy in the British Isles
1499:
1236:
1234:
240:
73:
49:
38:
990:Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them
822:
453:inch) in diameter, arranged in drooping,
1953:Flora of the North-Central United States
982:
980:
978:
611:is known to decay the logs of the tree.
1275:
1273:
904:United States Department of Agriculture
895:Germplasm Resources Information Network
876:United States Department of Agriculture
791:
1259:
1248:
1182:Nusselder, Joost (16 September 2022).
949:
947:
843:
841:
930:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
7:
1812:b11eb09c-fe2c-4d56-9411-ae9c6310c551
594:has not been found on other plants.
493:, downy, hard and dry cream-colored
385:are large, deep, and spreading. The
1943:IUCN Red List least concern species
810:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1988:Trees of the Eastern United States
1958:Flora of the Appalachian Mountains
25:
656:baskets, rope, and fishing nets.
497:with a diameter of 8–10 mm (
1874:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:286108-2
1486:
1470:
778:, as it inhibits the release of
98:
924:Tilia americana
580:(see Lepidoptera which feed on
1126:. 29 June 2021. Archived from
1032:Halama, Marek (January 2011).
718:University of British Columbia
1:
900:Agricultural Research Service
473:, and a five-celled superior
1399:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
1363:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
1319:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
1283:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
872:United States Forest Service
735:is believed to be stronger,
533:, but occurs as far east as
1978:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1434:Alternative Medicine Review
2004:
1079:"SPECIES: Tilia americana"
1059:Downtown Juneau Tree Guide
545:soil with relatively high
29:
1983:Trees of Northern America
1411:10.1016/j.jep.2015.01.029
1375:10.1016/j.jep.2008.04.019
1331:10.1016/j.jep.2007.12.007
1295:10.1016/j.jep.2006.07.017
1243:British Herbal Compendium
306:, southwest to northeast
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95:Scientific classification
93:
71:
62:
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41:
32:Basswood (disambiguation)
1973:Plants described in 1753
1241:P, Bradley, ed. (1992),
1064:August 18, 2007, at the
1038:Polish Botanical Journal
864:Silvics of North America
817:: e.T61788230A61788232.
330:. Common names include
320:Cherry County, Nebraska
1483:) at Wikimedia Commons
1104:Porter, Terry (2006).
1014:. USDA. Archived from
987:Keeler, H. L. (1900).
966:USDA NRCS Tree Guide:
633:
608:Pholiota squarrosoides
355:
622:
591:Bucculatrix improvisa
354:leafing out in spring
349:
314:, and west along the
953:Bean, W. J. (1921).
848:Crow, T. R. (1990).
799:Barstow, M. (2017).
615:Cultivation and uses
541:in places that have
415:William Jackson Bean
294:, native to eastern
1194:on 15 December 2022
1163:on 16 December 2022
1153:"Guitar Tone Woods"
1130:on 15 December 2022
755:that can act as an
711:knife edged tremolo
586:ribbed cocoon maker
482:insect-pollinated.
65:Conservation status
58:Leaves and flowers
634:
630:The American Woods
356:
350:A specimen in the
1930:
1929:
1820:Open Tree of Life
1505:Taxon identifiers
1475:Media related to
1258:Missing or empty
1077:Sullivan, Janet.
890:"Tilia americana"
332:American basswood
298:, from southeast
272:
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208:T. americana
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16:(Redirected from
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661:Japanese beetles
603:invasive species
599:Japanese beetles
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1543:Tilia americana
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1513:Tilia americana
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1493:Tilia americana
1477:Tilia americana
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969:Tilia americana
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866:. Vol. 2.
852:Tilia americana
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310:, southeast to
276:Tilia americana
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226:Tilia americana
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97:
89:
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43:Tilia americana
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28:
27:Species of tree
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18:American linden
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1495:at Wikispecies
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1466:
1465:External links
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1459:
1440:(2): 172–194.
1424:
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1369:(2): 312–317.
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1325:(3): 461–468.
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1289:(1): 140–145.
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1124:Timber Blogger
1111:
1108:. p. 254.
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1021:on 2014-09-16.
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881:
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790:
789:
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747:(which act as
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725:Medicinal uses
723:
689:Basswood is a
677:
674:
650:Juneau, Alaska
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368:American beech
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324:T. caroliniana
316:Niobrara River
312:South Carolina
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732:Tilia cordata
724:
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537:and southern
536:
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479:T. americana'
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304:New Brunswick
301:
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296:North America
293:
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217:Binomial name
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125:Tracheophytes
123:
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110:
107:
106:
101:
96:
92:
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80:Least Concern
70:
66:
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44:
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814:
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768:T. americana
767:
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761:
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741:mucilaginous
737:T. americana
736:
730:
728:
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671:
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654:
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624:
623:Sections of
606:
596:
589:
581:
574:caterpillars
551:
529:and central
524:
489:is a small,
484:
478:
428:
424:mucilaginous
392:
376:
357:
335:
331:
328:T. americana
327:
323:
275:
274:
273:
263:Tilia glabra
262:
261:
225:
223:
207:
206:
194:
157:
144:
131:
118:
42:
36:
1848:kew-2518218
1771:NatureServe
1683:iNaturalist
1537:Wikispecies
1405:: 319–327.
1198:16 December
1167:16 December
1134:16 December
936:10 December
830:19 November
707:heavy metal
578:Lepidoptera
576:of various
535:New England
517: in).
469:, numerous
403:alternately
342:Description
138:Angiosperms
1937:Categories
1904:WisFlora:
1843:Plant List
1584:Calflora:
1224:2024-08-07
1043:August 10,
971:(pdf file)
918:USDA, NRCS
786:References
757:astringent
745:flavonoids
405:arranged,
1649:242417353
1446:1089-5159
1339:0378-8741
1089:17 August
859:Hardwoods
780:histamine
776:quercetin
729:Although
667:Cultivars
642:coppicing
562:squirrels
554:chipmunks
531:Minnesota
527:Wisconsin
370:and many
360:deciduous
292:Malvaceae
202:Species:
184:Malvaceae
108:Kingdom:
1894:VASCAN:
1887:32200184
1882:Tropicos
1776:2.139458
1740:61788230
1714:10195356
1701:286108-2
1561:BioLib:
1522:Wikidata
1481:category
1454:21649459
1419:25656001
1383:18539420
1347:18242902
1303:16930893
1251:citation
1218:UBC News
1062:Archived
1057:Juneau:
920:(n.d.).
874:(USFS),
772:diazepam
699:finishes
691:tonewood
588:species
420:stipules
308:Oklahoma
302:east to
300:Manitoba
266:Ventenat
255:Synonyms
180:Family:
174:Malvales
151:Eudicots
85:IUCN 3.1
1758:MoBotPF
1662:3152042
1528:Q163981
753:tannins
683:density
584:). The
566:Rabbits
521:Ecology
512:⁄
502:⁄
491:globose
471:stamens
448:⁄
438:⁄
431:flowers
411:cordate
287:in the
281:species
190:Genus:
170:Order:
112:Plantae
83: (
1856:PLANTS
1825:770764
1809:NZOR:
1763:287365
1636:tilame
1633:FEIS:
1613:584834
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1188:Neaera
1085:. USDA
560:, and
539:Quebec
495:nutlet
467:petals
463:sepals
455:cymose
399:simple
395:leaves
289:family
164:Rosids
1948:Tilia
1832:PFI:
1802:66669
1727:21536
1709:IRMNG
1688:54854
1675:36668
1626:TILAM
1600:56WNF
1564:39312
1551:APA:
1019:(PDF)
1012:(PDF)
627:from
582:Tilia
570:voles
543:mesic
487:fruit
475:ovary
459:bract
426:sap.
407:ovate
387:twigs
383:roots
372:birch
279:is a
195:Tilia
158:Clade
145:Clade
132:Clade
119:Clade
1907:5230
1897:6640
1869:POWO
1861:TIAM
1835:3094
1797:NCBI
1750:1681
1735:IUCN
1722:ITIS
1696:IPNI
1670:GRIN
1657:GBIF
1621:EPPO
1587:9448
1572:BOLD
1554:5520
1450:PMID
1442:ISSN
1415:PMID
1379:PMID
1343:PMID
1335:ISSN
1299:PMID
1264:help
1200:2022
1169:2022
1136:2022
1091:2019
1045:2019
997:–31.
938:2015
832:2021
815:2017
676:Wood
601:(an
568:and
558:mice
485:The
465:and
429:The
397:are
393:The
379:bark
363:tree
334:and
285:tree
1915:WFO
1784:NBN
1644:FNA
1608:EoL
1595:CoL
1407:doi
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1371:doi
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