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at the time). The deal was signed in Beirut in July of the year 1983 by
Lebanese Defense Minister Issam Khoury and the “Société Francaise de Vente et Financement de Materiels Terrestres et Maritimes” (SOFRANTEM). Gemayel denied that he had any connection with the affair. According to the minutes of Parliament's session, published in the Official Gazette in 1994, Parliament held the French government responsible for the financial losses as a result of breaking the contract. Officials also held then Army Commander General Ibrahim Tannous responsible for “neglect” because an illegal military deal was sealed during his term of office. The minutes showed that Parliament also held Gemayel responsible, and that it referred the case to the state prosecutor for further investigation. This was all brought up in 2002 as part of investigations by a special parliamentary committee into former President Amin Gemayel's role in the Puma aircraft sale.
193:
1076:), and private armies independent of government control occupying most of the rest, Gemayel's government lacked any real power. His efforts to reach a peace settlement with Israel were stymied by Syria and by Muslim politicians at home. His government found itself largely unable to collect income tax, as warlords controlling the ports and major cities pocketed the tax take themselves. Many criticized Gemayel for not moving decisively enough to assert the authority of the government, but others have pointed out that with most of the country under foreign occupation, there was little that he could do. He managed to keep a semblance of constitutional order.
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University of
Maryland as a distinguished visiting professor. From 1990 to 30 July 2000, he resided in Paris as an exiled leader of the opposition, and lectured extensively on Lebanon and the Middle East in various countries worldwide. Since July 2000, he has been living in Lebanon where he pursues his political agenda.
1142:
Amine
Gemayel was believed to be behind the purchase of what were supposed to be new, French-made Puma helicopters. That was in 1983. Then the aircraft were discovered to be used and Ukrainian-made, making them worth far less than original price (184 million francs, a rough equivalent of $ 80 million
1118:
When Amine
Gemayel took office, Lebanon was torn by Israel's invasion of June 1982, and its subsequent occupation of large areas of Lebanese territory. This made the withdrawal of Israeli troops a top priority on his political agenda. As head of state, he set himself three main objectives which still
1064:
Gemayel never promised the
Israelis anything in order to be elected president, but he promised that he would follow the path of his brother Bashir whatever that path was. He left his post in the Kataeb Party after being elected president. Once elected, he refused to meet any Israeli official. With
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On 21 September 1982, he was elected the president of the republic. His term in office ended on 22 September 1988 (six years as per the
Lebanese Constitution). He then joined the Center for International Affairs at Harvard University as a fellow and lecturer (1988–1989). He is affiliated with the
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In 1984, Amine
Gemayel dissolved the "Arab Deterrence Force", which provided the legal framework for Syria's military presence since 1976; and in 1985, he refused to ratify the so-called "Damascus Agreement" brokered by the Syrian government between the fending Lebanese chiefs of militias, which
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Apart from his political activities, Amine
Gemayel established, in 1976, the "INMA Foundation", which coordinates several institutions dealing with social, political and economic issues concerning Lebanon and the Middle East. He also founded "Beit-al-Mustakbal", (the house of the future), a
1283:. Pierre Gemayel was elected to Parliament in 2000, appointed to the Cabinet in 2005. He was assassinated by unidentified assailants in Jdeideh, a Beirut suburb, on 21 November 2006. Amine Gemayel angrily blamed Syria for the murder of his son. He is fluent in French and English.
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guerrillas from
Lebanese soil and a radical overhaul of the political system, and hinting at a possible peace settlement with Israel, Amine Gemayel was considered more moderate. Always a consensus politician, he avoided, at least in his pre-presidential years, alienating
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Gemayel started a self-imposed exile for the next twelve years, living variously in
Switzerland, France, and the United States. At first, he claimed that he was threatened by Syria, but he later published in his memoirs that Geagea threatened him with personal harm.
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After the Cedar Revolution the Kataeb factions were united under the leadership of Gemayel. After Gemayel's son Pierre was assassinated in November 2006, Amine ran for his late son's seat. Amine lost by a small margin to an unknown candidate presented by
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form the basis of his political activity today: (1) Reestablishing the independence and sovereignty of Lebanon; (2) Maintaining an effective dialogue between Lebanon's different communities and (3) Restoring and modernizing the institutions of the state.
1099:, the commander of the army. Chamoun and Aoun were both unacceptable to Syria and to Muslim politicians in Lebanon. A constitutional crisis developed. Fifteen minutes before the expiry of his term, Gemayel appointed Aoun to the post of
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in 1984, and formed a national unity government, including members from the opposition, headed by Rashid Karami. He cancelled the May 17 Agreement, and appointed Michel Aoun as a Commander of the Armed Forces. In 1986, he helped
1156:, a quarterly journal edited in Arabic, French and English, comprising a chronology of the main events in the area, press reports, and a series of essays. In addition, he started a French-language daily newspaper entitled
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In 1987, he promulgated the law annulling the "Cairo Agreement" of 1969, which authorized the PLO to use Lebanon as a base for military operations against Israel, disregarding Lebanese sovereignty.
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with Israel in 1983, which stipulated the withdrawal of the Israeli forces and ending the state of war between the two countries, but didn't ratify it. Under his command, the army, allied with the
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are originally from the northern region of Mount Lebanon. His ancestors settled in the town of Bikfayya, 25 kilometers northeast of Beirut, in the mid-16th century. Born in the Lebanese town of
1103:, who takes on the role of acting president if the presidency is vacant. He did so to preserve the tradition that the president, and by implication anyone acting in that role, should be a
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In 2000, Gemayel returned to Lebanon, and organized opposition to Syria, and the leadership of the Phalangist Party. He joined the Qornet Shehwan Gathering, and participated in the
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Amine Gemayel began his career after his graduation practicing as an attorney in 1965. He then concentrated on building up his family's newspaper business. In a 1970
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811:(Also known as the "Phalanges"). He worked as a lawyer, then was elected as a deputy for Northern Metn in 1970 by-election, following the death of his uncle,
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This order began to unravel in 1988. Gemayel, whose term was due to end on 23 September, was constitutionally barred from reelection. Amine Gemayel opposed
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and Israel, he was elected on 23 September as the eighth president. At the age of 40 years, he was the youngest president to take office.
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Muslim. Muslim politicians and warlords refused to accept the Aoun government, instead recognizing a rival government of
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1201:. On 30 July 2000, however, he returned to Lebanon and began to organize the opposition to the government of President
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by a margin of 54% to 41%. In 1972, in the last election to be held for 20 years, he was reelected by a large margin.
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for the presidential elections, a man known for his strong anti-Syrian views and the son of former president
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989:. His grandfather was forced to leave Lebanon in the early 20th century as a result of his opposition to
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Right before his term expired, Gemayel dismissed the cabinet and formed a military government headed by
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In February 2008, Gemayel was appointed the president of the Phalange or Kataeb Party, replacing
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As a result of heavy pressure, and the withdrawal of the multinational forces, Gemayel visited
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Christian , thereby going against the tradition of reserving the premiership for a Lebanese
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1536:"Judiciary dredges up Gemayel's role in Puma scandal | News, Lebanon News | THE DAILY STAR"
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but was defeated in 1990, marking the end of the civil war and the implementation of the
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Opposition Wins Metn By-Election by narrow Margin, Gemayel Reaps Majority Maronite Votes
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2012:
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in 1919 as a political representative of the Maronite Christian community in Lebanon.
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In 2003, Amine Gemayel attempted to act as an intermediary between U.S. President
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1598:"السيرة الذاتيّة لأمين الجميّل: عندما يصبح الارتهان للخارج "مقاومة" [11]"
834:. However, Syria became their enemy, while they started receiving the support of
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930:. Gemayel moved to Switzerland and later France, starting a self-imposed exile.
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were not successful, they fuelled speculation that he might be a candidate for
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US president Reagan meets with Lebanese president Amine Gemayel in White house
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politicians as his brother had done. When Bashir Gemayel was assassinated by
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aimed at disintegrating any independent decision-making process in Lebanon.
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1310:(JC. Lattès), a series of lectures delivered in the United States in 1989.
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Conflict on Mount Lebanon: The Druze, the Maronites and Collective Memory
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1398:"Amin Gemayel Says His Family's History "Runs Parallel To Lebanon's""
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was regarded as a political radical, espousing the expulsion of
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793:; born 22 January 1942) is a Lebanese politician who served as
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from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially
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in December 1967. They had a daughter, Nicole, and two sons,
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organize a coup against the leader of the Lebanese Forces
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on 22 January 1942, Amine Gemayel is the eldest son of
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and despite fierce internal opposition, he reached the
1748:
Gemayel murder leads to second 'Independence Intifada'
1576:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 191.
949:, succeeded him as president of the Phalangist Party.
1346:"Dossier: Amine Gemayel Former President of Lebanon"
1213:, a group of anti-government Christian politicians.
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foreign armies occupying two-thirds of the country (
1024:, as a member of the National Assembly; he defeated
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and therefore, had to spend several years living in
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845:In 1982, Bachir was elected to presidency, but was
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1761:, 24 November 2006. Retrieved on 22 February 2008.
1303:(Gallimard), reflections on the events in Lebanon.
997:. Gemayel's great uncle, Antoine, traveled to the
1228:. Although his efforts to forestall the ensuing
1115:, whom Gemayel had dismissed in favour of Aoun.
1020:, he was elected to succeed his deceased uncle,
1723:"Gemayel appointed president of Phalange Party"
1152:think-tank and research center which published
1712:, 6 August 2007. Retrieved on 22 February 2008
221:23 September 1982 – 22 September 1988
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1317:, published by Harvard University (C.F.I.A.).
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8:
1681:"Gemayel on mission to ask Saddam to resign"
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838:. This phase saw the rise of his brother,
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79:about living persons that is unsourced or
985:. He has two sisters and a brother, late
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150:Learn how and when to remove this message
1476:"Anti-Gemayel 'front' formed in Lebanon"
1452:The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
1402:Washington Report on Middle East Affairs
1169:
1083:Amin Gemayel's Inauguration, Beirut 1982
965:) with a long tradition in Lebanon. The
1327:
1004:Gemayel obtained a law degree from the
876:, a Syrian-backed alliance led by the
444:
1344:Maroun, Pierre (February–March 2003).
849:before taking office. Endorsed by the
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1563:
1561:
819:, the Phalanges were a member of the
701:Lebanese Forces (Lebanese Resistance)
7:
2218:Members of the Parliament of Lebanon
1263:, who resigned from office in 2007.
1199:University of Maryland, College Park
2178:Candidates for President of Lebanon
781:
440:This article is part of a series on
14:
1628:Middle East Intelligence Bulletin
1429:. 1 November 1982. Archived from
1350:Middle East Intelligence Bulletin
2228:People of the Lebanese Civil War
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1659:. Osprey Publishing. p. 7.
1195:Center for International Affairs
1174:Amine Gemayel during a visit to
800:Born in Bikfaya, his father was
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1396:Moubayed, Sami (October 2001).
1050:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
937:following the assassination of
359:
2238:Saint Joseph University alumni
1423:"A Favorable First Impression"
1375:Pronunciation of Amine Gemayel
862:Multinational Force in Lebanon
786:Lebanese Arabic pronunciation:
1:
1465:. Retrieved 22 February 2008.
1381:. Retrieved 22 February 2008.
860:, receiving support from the
1624:"Gemayel Returns to Lebanon"
1507:CRS Issue Brief for Congress
57:biography of a living person
1315:Rebuilding Lebanon's Future
84:must be removed immediately
16:Eighth President of Lebanon
2254:
1197:. He also lectured at the
1031:While his younger brother
915:as acting Prime Minister.
883:, in what is known as the
790:[ʔæmiːnɪlʒmaj.jɪl]
18:
2223:People from Matn District
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1656:Armies in Lebanon 1982-84
856:Gemayel re-organized the
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2193:Lebanese anti-communists
2188:Kataeb Party politicians
1904:Pierre-Georges Arlabosse
1753:11 February 2007 at the
1457:19 December 2007 at the
1211:Qornet Chehwan Gathering
957:Gemayel descends from a
953:Early life and education
706:Kataeb Regulatory Forces
182:
1888:Privat-Antoine Aubouard
1501:Mark, Clyde R. (2005).
1254:Free Patriotic Movement
1166:Post-presidential years
721:Guardians of the Cedars
683:Free Patriotic Movement
1301:L'Offense et le Pardon
1182:
1131:
1084:
999:Paris Peace Conference
71:Please help by adding
2233:Presidents of Lebanon
1858:Presidents of Lebanon
1570:Makram Rabah (2020).
1480:The Milwaukee Journal
1207:al-Qaeda al-Kataebiya
1176:US Secretary of State
1173:
1129:
1082:
1070:in the north and east
1006:St. Joseph University
922:. Aoun then declared
891:. It was followed by
804:, the founder of the
400:St. Joseph University
2213:Maronite politicians
1805:President of Lebanon
1783:at Wikimedia Commons
1781:Amine Pierre Gemayel
1540:www.dailystar.com.lb
1308:Méditations d'espoir
795:President of Lebanon
774:Amine Pierre Gemayel
410:Maronite Catholicism
209:President of Lebanon
77:Contentious material
1894:Habib Pacha Es-Saad
1252:as a member of the
1189:In 1989, he joined
1008:in Beirut in 1965.
981:Party and his wife
893:February 6 Intifada
797:from 1982 to 1988.
663:Constitutional Bloc
2203:Lebanese Maronites
1790:Political offices
1729:. 14 February 2008
1634:(7). 5 August 2000
1433:on 25 October 2012
1296:(Colin and Smythe)
1244:'s term expired.
1191:Harvard University
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959:Maronite Christian
817:Lebanese Civil War
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1977:Suleiman Frangieh
1951:Bechara El Khoury
1941:Bechara El Khoury
1931:Lebanese Republic
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1824:
1812:Succeeded by
1779:Media related to
1666:978-0-85045-602-8
1653:Sam Katz (1985).
1583:978-1-4744-7419-1
1234:Secretary General
1181:in February 2007.
977:, founder of the
832:National Movement
782:أمين بيار الجميٌل
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1261:Karim Pakradouni
1179:Condoleezza Rice
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1769:External links
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1727:The Daily Star
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1546:on 24 May 2021
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987:Bachir Gemayel
975:Pierre Gemayel
967:Gemayel family
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943:Pierre Gemayel
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881:Walid Jumblatt
823:, allied with
821:Lebanese Front
802:Pierre Gemayel
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2008:
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2001:
1997:
1995:
1994:Amine Gemayel
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1989:
1985:
1983:
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1972:Charles Helou
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423:.aminegemayel
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140:December 2020
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101: –
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63:
58:
53:
44:
43:
38:
34:
31: and the
30:
26:
25:father's name
22:
21:Lebanese name
2139:
2115:1989 (5 Nov)
2029:Émile Lahoud
1998:
1993:
1986:
1982:Élias Sarkis
1934:(since 1943)
1803:
1758:
1743:
1731:. Retrieved
1726:
1717:
1709:
1701:
1689:. Retrieved
1684:
1675:
1655:
1648:
1636:. Retrieved
1631:
1627:
1618:
1606:. Retrieved
1601:
1592:
1572:
1548:. Retrieved
1544:the original
1539:
1530:
1518:. Retrieved
1511:the original
1506:
1496:
1484:. Retrieved
1479:
1470:
1462:
1447:
1435:. Retrieved
1431:the original
1426:
1417:
1405:. Retrieved
1401:
1378:
1370:
1358:. Retrieved
1353:
1349:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1287:Publications
1270:
1258:
1246:
1215:
1206:
1203:Émile Lahoud
1188:
1184:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1141:
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1117:
1089:Dany Chamoun
1086:
1074:in the south
1063:
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1030:
1015:
1003:
961:family (the
956:
939:Rafic Hariri
932:
924:war on Syria
917:
909:Elie Hobeika
905:Samir Geagea
897:
885:Mountain War
855:
847:assassinated
844:
827:against the
809:Kataeb Party
799:
773:
772:
586:
547:Samir Geagea
376:3, including
339:Kataeb Party
279:Succeeded by
263:Élias Sarkis
216:
184:أمين الجميٌل
161:
146:
137:
127:
120:
113:
106:
94:
83:
66:verification
59:
36:
28:
2173:1942 births
2039:Michel Aoun
2024:Elias Hrawi
2013:René Moawad
2000:Michel Aoun
1967:Fuad Chehab
1956:Fuad Chehab
1915:Ayoub Tabet
1876:(1918–1943)
1604:(in Arabic)
1250:Michel Aoun
1097:Michel Aoun
1037:Palestinian
1026:Fuad Lahoud
1018:by-election
941:. In 2006,
920:Michel Aoun
592:Michel Aoun
294:René Moawad
284:Michel Aoun
255:Preceded by
33:family name
2167:Categories
2110:1982 (Sep)
2105:1982 (Aug)
2018:Selim Hoss
2007:Selim Hoss
1946:Émile Eddé
1921:Petro Trad
1899:Émile Eddé
1815:Selim Hoss
1691:9 November
1520:21 October
1379:Infoplease
1322:References
1273:Joyce Tyan
1242:Kofi Annan
1224:President
1113:Selim Hoss
1060:Presidency
913:Selim Hoss
552:Émile Eddé
395:Alma mater
351:Joyce Tyan
315:1942-01-22
289:Selim Hoss
286:(disputed)
245:Selim Hoss
110:newspapers
2141:2022–2024
2135:2014–2016
2048:Elections
1759:Ya Libnan
1503:"Lebanon"
1159:Le Reveil
1072:, Israel
983:Genevieve
806:Christian
716:Al-Tanzim
270:(elected)
217:In office
62:citations
1751:Archived
1733:23 March
1710:Naharnet
1685:DAWN.COM
1638:17 March
1608:20 March
1486:23 March
1463:Bartleby
1455:Archived
1437:17 March
1407:23 March
1230:Iraq War
1220:and the
1154:Haliyyat
1105:Maronite
1046:a member
963:Gemayels
900:Damascus
695:Militias
620:Frangieh
609:Families
406:Religion
370:Children
291:(acting)
88:libelous
19:In this
1602:الأخبار
1360:10 June
1236:of the
1048:of the
971:Bikfaya
874:Jammoul
829:leftist
647:Parties
625:Gemayel
615:Chamoun
416:Website
364:
356:
325:Bikfaya
124:scholar
37:Gemayel
2154:Acting
1819:Acting
1663:
1580:
1550:24 May
1313:1992:
1306:1990:
1299:1988:
1292:1986:
1277:Pierre
1042:Muslim
1033:Bashir
1012:Career
979:Kataeb
840:Bachir
836:Israel
778:Arabic
711:Tigers
668:Kataeb
635:Moawad
630:Khazen
541:People
380:Pierre
345:Spouse
126:
119:
112:
105:
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29:Pierre
23:, the
1514:(PDF)
1240:when
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1067:Syria
995:Egypt
878:Druze
825:Syria
358:(
354:
131:JSTOR
117:books
55:This
2130:2008
2125:1998
2100:1976
2095:1970
2090:1964
2085:1958
2080:1952
2075:1948
2070:1943
2065:1936
2060:1929
2055:1926
1863:List
1735:2013
1693:2017
1661:ISBN
1640:2013
1610:2021
1578:ISBN
1552:2021
1522:2016
1488:2013
1439:2013
1427:Time
1409:2013
1362:2012
1281:Sami
1279:and
947:Samy
425:.org
385:Samy
309:Born
207:8th
103:news
64:for
1356:(2)
1193:'s
421:www
175:ONC
35:is
27:is
2169::
2152:*
1757:.
1725:.
1708:.
1683:.
1630:.
1626:.
1600:.
1560:^
1538:.
1505:.
1478:.
1461:.
1425:.
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1386:^
1377:.
1352:.
1348:.
1330:^
1256:.
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172:OM
75:.
2020:*
2009:*
2003:*
1958:*
1917:*
1906:*
1890:*
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