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865:. Since 1808, the United States and Britain had prohibited the international slave trade. In order to avoid the international prohibition on the African slave trade, the ship's owners fraudulently described the Mende as having been born in Cuba and said that they were being sold in the Spanish domestic slave trade. The court had to determine if the Mende were to be considered salvage and thus the property of naval officers who had taken custody of the ship (as was legal in such cases), the property of the Cuban buyers, or the property of Spain, as Queen
699:). They killed the captain Ferrer as well as the ship's cook Celestino; two slaves also died, two sailors Manuel Pagilla and Jacinto escaped in a small boat. Ferrer's slave/mulatto cabin boy Antonio was spared as were José Ruiz and Pedro Montes, the two owners of the slaves, so that they could guide the ship back to Africa. While the Mende demanded to be returned home, the navigator Montes deceived them about the course, maneuvering the ship north along the North American coast until they reached the eastern tip of
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684:, lacking purpose-built slave quarters, placed half the captives in the main hold and the other half on deck. The captives were relatively free to move about, which aided their revolt and commandeering of the vessel. In the main hold below decks, the captives found a rusty file and sawed through their manacles.
891:, New York who was active in the abolitionist movement. The Spanish government claimed that the slaves were Spanish citizens not of African origin. This created tension among the U.S. government, the Spanish crown, and the British government, which had outlawed the slave trade in the British Empire with the
1215:
In 2013, Amistad
America lost its non-profit organization status after failing to file tax returns for three years and amid concern of the accountability for public funding from the state of Connecticut. The company was later put into liquidation, and the non-profit Discovering Amistad Inc. purchased
878:
case reached the US Supreme Court on appeal. In 1841, it ruled that the Mende people had been illegally transported and held as slaves, and they had rebelled in self-defense. It ordered them freed. The US government did not provide any aid, but 35 survivors returned to Africa in 1842, aided by funds
1202:
trial took place. It has also traveled to port cities for educational opportunities. It was also the State
Flagship and Tall ship Ambassador of Connecticut. The ship made several commemorative voyages: one in 2007 to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the abolition of the
800:
and its cargo because the executive could not interfere with the judiciary under
American law. He also could not release the Spanish traders from imprisonment in Connecticut because that would constitute federal intervention in a matter of state jurisdiction. Abolitionists
787:
officers brought the first case to federal district court over salvage claims, while the second case began in a
Connecticut court after the state arrested the Spanish traders on charges of enslaving free Africans. The Spanish foreign minister, however, demanded that
1207:
in
Britain (1807) and the United States (1808), and one in 2010 to celebrate the 10th anniversary of its 2000 launching at Mystic Seaport. It undertook a two-year refit at Mystic Seaport from 2010 and was subsequently mainly used for sea training in
1395:(1997), composed by Anthony Davis with libretto by Thulani Davis, was commissioned and premiered by Lyric Opera of Chicago in 1997. The opera underwent a major revision and was then presented at the Spoleto Festival USA in 2008.
1198:" was operated by Amistad America, Inc. based in New Haven, Connecticut. The ship's mission was to educate the public on the history of slavery, abolition, discrimination, and civil rights. The homeport is New Haven, where the
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and art drawings from the era. Some of the tools used in the project were the same as those that might have been used by a 19th-century shipwright, while others were powered. Tri-Coastal Marine, designers of "Freedom
Schooner
860:
A widely publicized court case ensued in New Haven to settle legal issues about the ship and the status of the Mende captives. They were at risk of execution if convicted of mutiny, and they became a popular cause among
388:
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was towed to New London, Connecticut, and those remaining onboard were arrested. None of the 43 survivors on the ship spoke
English, so they could not explain what had taken place. Eventually, language professor
248:
Pieh ordered Ruiz and Montes to sail to Africa. Instead, they sailed north up the east coast of the United States, sure that the ship would be intercepted and the
Africans returned to Cuba as slaves. The
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and its cargo be released from custody and the slaves sent to Cuba for punishment by
Spanish authorities. The Van Buren administration accepted the Spanish crown's argument, but Secretary of State
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245:) unshackled himself and the others on the third day and started the revolt. They took control of the ship, killing the captain and the cook. Two Africans were also killed in the melee.
381:
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captives who had been captured and sold to
European slave traders and illegally transported by a Portuguese ship from West Africa to Cuba, in violation of European treaties against the
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is devoted to research about slavery, abolition, civil rights, and African Americans; it commemorates the revolt of slaves on the ship by the same name. A collection of portraits of
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of Africans to the Americas. The ship engaged in the shorter, domestic coastwise trade around Cuba and islands and coastal nations in the Caribbean. The primary cargo carried by
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claimed. A question was whether the circumstances of the capture and transport of the Mende meant that they were legally free and had acted as free men rather than slaves.
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using traditional tools and construction techniques common to wooden schooners built in the 19th century, but using modern materials and engines, officially named
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was sugar-industry products. It carried a limited number of passengers and enslaved Africans being trafficked for delivery or sale around the island.
241:). The revolt began after the schooner's cook jokingly told the slaves that they were to be "killed, salted, and cooked." Sengbe Pieh (also known as
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who supplied the men with water and bread. When they attempted to board the pilot-boat to escape, the pilot-boat cut the rope that was attached to
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and a prominent abolitionist, represented the captives in the New Haven court to decide the fate of the slaves. Baldwin and former President
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ship officers over salvage property claims, and the second case charged the Spanish with enslaving Africans. Spain requested President
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1948:
American to the Backbone: The Life of James W.C. Pennington, the Fugitive Slave Who Became One of the First Black Abolitionists.
3209:
1900:
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on Long Island, New York. Pieh and his group escaped the ship but were caught offshore by citizens. They were incarcerated in
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1183:", used modern computer technology to develop plans for the vessel. Bronze bolts are used as fastenings throughout the ship.
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674:), sold to European slave traders and illegally transported from Africa to Havana, mostly aboard the Portuguese slave ship
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662:, with some general cargo and 53 African slaves bound for the sugar plantation where they were to be delivered. These 53
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schooner of about 120 feet (37 m). In 1839 it was owned by Ramón Ferrer, a Spanish national. Strictly speaking,
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in favor of the Mende people, restoring their freedom. It became a symbol in the United States in the movement to
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which "gathers here a chorus of voices that tells the story of the Africans who mutinied on board the slave ship
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880:
334:, as it was not designed like others to traffic massive numbers of enslaved Africans, nor did it engage in the
276:
37:
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Encyclopedia of African American History, 1619–1895: From the Colonial Period to the Age of Frederick Douglass
659:
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captives (49 adults and four children) had been captured by African slave catchers or otherwise enslaved in
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in New Haven, Connecticut, where many of the events occurred related to the affair in the United States.
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All this is merely preamble to a rather rapid survey of a few of Hayden's superb sequences, of which
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on charges of murder and piracy. The man who captured Pieh and his group claimed them as property.
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was taken into United States custody. By the time of their trial, six of the captives had died.
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in 1844. There is no record of what became of it under the new French owners in the Caribbean.
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purchased the vessel and then needed an act of Congress passed to register it. He renamed it
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1902:
A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774–1875
1759:
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691:, they attacked the crew, successfully gaining control of the ship, under the leadership of
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Because of issues of ownership and jurisdiction, the case gained international attention as
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On about July 1, once free, the men below quickly went up on deck. Armed with machete-like
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1998-02-27, The Walter J. Brown Media Archives & Peabody Awards Collection at the
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233:. Spanish plantation owners Don José Ruiz and Don Pedro Montes bought 53 captives in
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the background of the slave trade, and its subsequent trial are retold in a poem by
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Judges ruled in favor of the Africans in the district and circuit courts, and the
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then returned to educational and promotional activity in New Haven, Connecticut.
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diesel engines. None of this technology was available to 19th-century builders.
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548:
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argued the case before the Supreme Court which ruled in favor of the Africans.
69:
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Amistad's Orphans : An Atlantic Story of Children, Slavery, and Smuggling
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as on 21 August 1839, when she was discovered thirty miles southeast of
1860:
1669:"13 The Symbolism of Slave Mutiny: Black Abolitionist Responses to the
935:
1886:
Encyclopedia of Emancipation and Abolition in the Transatlantic World
1681:
Rebellion, Repression, Reinvention: Mutiny in Comparative Perspective
676:
1636:
294:
to return the African captives to Cuba under international treaty.
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and had recently abolished slavery in the British Empire with the
833:
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left Havana on June 28, 1839, for the small port of Guanaja, near
354:
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2379:
The Amistad Rebellion: An Atlantic Odyssey of Slavery and Freedom
762:
222:
3304:
2653:
2501:
1417:, a collection of poems written over 20 years by American poet
813:
formed the Amistad Committee to raise funds for the defense of
370:
1227:
2398:
Zeuske, Michael (2014). "Rethinking the Case of the Schooner
1174:
The new schooner was built using a general knowledge of the
1135:, drawn by William H. Townsend during the survivors' trial.
1014:
from 2015: Discovering Amistad, Inc., New Haven, Connecticut
796:
explained that the President could not order the release of
60:
off Culloden Point, Long Island, New York on August 26, 1839
2110:"Amistad Sails Into Bristol for Slave Trade Commemorations"
1525:. Oxford African American Studies Center. pp. Amistad.
758:. Gun shots hit the pilot boat but she was able to escape.
286:
Two lawsuits were filed. The first case was brought by the
2441:: Seeking Freedom in Connecticut, a National Park Service
283:
to act as interpreter, and they learned of the abduction.
1360:, dramatized the historical incidents. Major actors were
887:. He was a Congregational minister and fugitive slave in
2293:. New York: Chelsea House Publishers. pp. 348–351.
1011:
2000–2015: Amistad America, Inc., New Haven, Connecticut
750:
wanted to put a pilot aboard, one of the ringleaders of
225:. It became renowned in July 1839 for a slave revolt by
2026:. New Haven, CT: Amistad Committee, Inc. Archived from
1761:"Reprduced slave ship will house black history exhibit"
918:
for a year and a half, and it was auctioned off by the
1364:, as a freed slave-turned-abolitionist in New Haven;
3697:
Post-1808 importation of slaves to the United States
2264:"Discovering Amistad charts new course for schooner"
1969:"Amistad: How it Began (U.S. National Park Service)"
1343:, a group of abolitionist conspirators infiltrating
641:
Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery
3524:
3338:
3093:
2975:
2924:
2843:
2747:
2707:
2162:"State Missed Signs As Tall Ship Amistad Foundered"
946:cargo of onions, apples, live poultry, and cheese.
2376:
2344:
2080:"State of Connecticut Sites, Seals, & Symbols"
1711:
1709:
1707:
1187:has an external ballast keel made of lead and two
1163:". The modern-day ship is not an exact replica of
724:The pilots then communicated what they felt was a
419:Suppression of the slave trade in the Persian Gulf
2189:"Malloy Wants 'Action Plan' For Troubled Amistad"
3050:United States Coast Guard Ceremonial Honor Guard
2347:Black Mutiny: The Revolt on the Schooner Amistad
1171:. There were no old blueprints of the original.
1768:. Hartford, Connecticut. 13 Mar 1995. p. 9
1736:. Hartford, Connecticut. 27 Aug 1839. p. 2
1716:John Barber "A History of the AMistead Captives
817:s captives. Roger Sherman Baldwin, grandson of
2402:: Contraband and Complicity after 1808/1820".
3316:
2730:Master Chief Petty Officer of the Coast Guard
2665:
2513:
1595:. : Yale University Press. pp. 130–131.
1380:, an unorthodox, but influential lawyer; and
1307:was painted black at the time of the revolt.)
1216:the ship from the receiver in November 2015.
382:
8:
1662:
1660:
1549:. New York: S. W. Benedict. pp. 13–14.
1501:National Archives and Records Administration
1441:Bibliography of early American naval history
303:(1841). The case was finally decided by the
1867:. New York: Norton / Bonanza Books (1949),
1683:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 238.
1262:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
922:in October 1840. Captain George Hawford of
3323:
3309:
3301:
2672:
2658:
2650:
2520:
2506:
2498:
2450:Sarah Margru Kinson, the Two Worlds of an
2217:"Amistad still sails some troubled waters"
1469:List of ships captured in the 19th century
1167:, as it is slightly longer and has higher
389:
375:
367:
3332:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1839
2323:"Opera Profile: Anthony Davis' 'Amistad'"
1282:Learn how and when to remove this message
1110:New Haven City Hall and County Courthouse
706:Several New York pilot boats came across
3677:Maritime incidents involving slave ships
1865:The History of the American Sailing Navy
910:had been moored at the wharf behind the
847:
631:Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery
544:Convention of Saint-Germain-en-Laye 1919
454:Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90
2493:American Archive of Public Broadcasting
2485:"Amistad Connecticut: A Legacy Reborn,"
2084:Connecticut State Register & Manual
1837:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1484:
1159:. It was promoted as "Freedom Schooner
1131:survivors is held in the collection of
742:when she was twenty-five miles east of
62:(contemporary painting, artist unknown)
1929:
1919:
1827:
1817:
964:
42:
3637:Slave rebellions in the United States
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1406:, references the "chains of Amistad".
1295:On 2 September 1839, a play entitled
991:
695:(later known in the United States as
434:Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention
204:
148:
105:
67:
7:
1905:. Library of Congress. p. 426.
1857:United States Revenue Cutter Service
1589:Lawrance, Benjamin Nicholas (2015).
1260:adding citations to reliable sources
3055:United States Coast Guard Pipe Band
1999:. Silver Spring, MD: NOAA Fisheries
1143:Between 1998 and 2000, artisans at
838:A print of Cinqué that appeared in
3111:West Indies anti-piracy operations
2725:Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard
2698:Category:United States Coast Guard
2477:The current owners of the replica
1459:John Quincy Adams and abolitionism
1087:Sail, 2 Caterpillar diesel engines
863:abolitionists in the United States
305:Supreme Court of the United States
25:
3692:Abolitionism in the United States
3662:Museums in New Haven, Connecticut
3075:United States Coast Guard Cutters
2262:Wojtas, Joe (December 31, 2015).
2187:Lender, Jon (September 4, 2013).
1299:, based on the revolt, opened in
730:Collector of the Port of New York
471:African Slave Trade Patrol (U.S.)
3565:
3560:
2891:Maritime Law Enforcement Academy
2738:
2693:
2692:
2529:State ships of the United States
2321:Salazar, David (July 22, 2020).
1997:Coast Guard Vessel Documentation
1851:Between 1838 and 1848, the USRC
1232:
993:
973:
439:Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1880
217:) was a 19th-century two-masted
150:
107:
68:
51:
3672:Maritime incidents in July 1839
2830:Research and Development Center
2215:Collins, David (May 10, 2013).
1946:Webber, Christopher L. (2011).
1884:Rodriguez, Junius, ed. (2007).
1577:History of the Amistad Captives
754:ordered the men to fire on the
486:Eastern Naval Division (Brazil)
459:Brussels Conference Act of 1890
3290:Operation Enduring Freedom HOA
3045:United States Coast Guard Band
2896:Joint Maritime Training Center
2715:Secretary of Homeland Security
2135:Lender, Jon (August 3, 2013).
221:owned by a Spaniard living in
1:
2720:Commandant of the Coast Guard
2137:"Troubles Aboard the Amistad"
1888:. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 9–11.
1493:"Teaching With Documents:The
897:Slavery Abolition Act of 1833
746:. When Captain Seaman of the
359:1840 engraving depicting the
3013:Steamboat Inspection Service
2443:Discover Our Shared Heritage
2416:10.1080/0144039X.2013.798173
2020:"About the Freedom Schooner
1464:List of historical schooners
1303:and played to full houses. (
1297:The Long, Low Black Schooner
875:United States v. The Amistad
830:United States v. The Amistad
619:Temporary Slavery Commission
300:United States v. The Amistad
32:United States v. The Amistad
3652:Museum ships in Connecticut
3065:Coast Guard service numbers
2906:Chaplain of the Coast Guard
1863:. See: Howard I. Chapelle,
1791:Hunt, Bernice Kohn (1971).
1679:. In Hathaway, Jane (ed.).
1667:Finkenbine, Roy E. (2001).
1543:Adams, John Quincy (1841).
1339:in which the South won the
1322:", first published in 1962.
883:, a black group founded by
771:while on surveying duties,
636:Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery
466:West Africa Squadron (U.K.)
3718:
3490:September (unknown date):
3225:2nd Battle of the Atlantic
3205:1st Battle of the Atlantic
3175:Overland Relief Expedition
3165:Battle of Galveston Harbor
2343:Owens, William A. (1997).
2050:"The New Topsail Schooner
1797:. New York. pp. 4–5.
1436:African Slave Trade Patrol
1063:80.7 ft (24.6 m)
930:. In late 1841, he sailed
827:
35:
29:
3627:1839 in the United States
3555:
3170:Battle of Portland Harbor
2736:
2687:
2681:United States Coast Guard
2535:
1950:New York: Pegasus Books.
1855:was transferred from the
1729:"Something like a Pirate"
1079:10.1 ft (3.1 m)
1071:22.9 ft (7.0 m)
1046:
972:
881:United Missionary Society
404:
170:
50:
3682:Fugitive American slaves
3500:October (unknown date):
3250:Coast Guard Squadron One
3116:Capture of the schooner
2886:Training Center Yorktown
2881:Training Center Petaluma
2876:Training Center Cape May
2460:Freedom Schooner Amistad
2375:Rediker, Marcus (2012).
1899:"22 Statutes at Large".
1637:"Unidentified Young Man"
1310:The slave revolt aboard
1185:Freedom Schooner Amistad
980:Freedom Schooner Amistad
967:Freedom Schooner Amistad
761:Discovered by the naval
133:Captain George Hawford,
38:Amistad (disambiguation)
27:1839 slave-ship takeover
3210:Great Mississippi Flood
3070:Coast Guardsman's Creed
2404:Slavery & Abolition
2351:. Black Classic Press.
1347:calls itself "Amistad".
1117:Amistad Research Center
1047:General characteristics
916:New London, Connecticut
893:Slave Trade Act of 1807
738:pilot boat came across
624:1926 Slavery Convention
609:Treaty of Jeddah (1927)
594:Battle of Little Bereby
398:Slave trade suppression
322:was a 19th-century two-
179:120 ft (37 m)
171:General characteristics
3387:April (unknown date):
3265:Action of 1 March 1968
3094:Battles and operations
3003:Revenue Cutter Service
2976:History and traditions
2925:Uniforms and equipment
2844:Personnel and training
2289:Bloom, Harold (2005).
1125:New Orleans, Louisiana
857:
856:Supreme Court decision
845:
732:. Two days later, the
573:Bombardment of Johanna
481:Brazil Squadron (U.S.)
476:Africa Squadron (U.S.)
364:
268:New Haven, Connecticut
18:Amistad (ship replica)
3687:American rebel slaves
3255:Operation Market Time
3155:Battle of Fort Sumter
3145:Mexican–American War
2835:Coast Guard Auxiliary
2772:Investigative Service
2489:University of Georgia
2366:Pesci, David (1997).
2245:"Discovering Amistad"
2090:on September 26, 2012
1642:World Digital Library
1398:The 1999 hit single "
1378:Roger Sherman Baldwin
1335:(1988), depicting an
924:Newport, Rhode Island
885:James W.C. Pennington
851:
837:
660:Puerto Príncipe, Cuba
654:Captained by Ferrer,
358:
206:[laa.misˈtað]
135:Newport, Rhode Island
3702:Atlantic slave trade
3185:Battle of Manila Bay
3180:Spanish–American War
3018:Bureau of Navigation
2962:Ship decommissioning
2901:Aviation Association
2383:. New York: Viking.
2166:The Hartford Courant
1400:My Love Is Your Love
1356:(1997), directed by
1256:improve this section
1205:Atlantic slave trade
231:Atlantic slave trade
36:For other uses, see
3594: /
3160:Battle of Pig Point
2998:Life-Saving Service
2916:Three-star admirals
2871:Coast Guard Academy
2825:National Ice Center
2309:is the most famous.
2249:Discovering Amistad
2168:. September 3, 2013
2060:on February 9, 2012
1474:Sarah Margru Kinson
1374:Matthew McConaughey
1212:and for film work.
1151:built a replica of
1149:Mystic, Connecticut
1108:stands in front of
969:
47:
3260:Operation Sealords
3235:Operation Overlord
3190:Battle of Cárdenas
3150:American Civil War
3140:Great Lakes Patrol
3008:Lighthouse Service
2957:Ship commissioning
2911:Four-star admirals
2030:on August 11, 2021
2018:Marder, Alfred L.
1794:The Amistad mutiny
1521:Purdy, Elizabeth.
1446:Blockade of Africa
1345:Richmond, Virginia
1341:American Civil War
1224:In popular culture
1194:"Freedom Schooner
1176:Baltimore Clippers
965:
858:
846:
844:on August 31, 1839
714:by the pilot-boat
444:Blockade of Africa
365:
330:was not a typical
43:
3598:41.361°N 71.966°W
3577:
3576:
3298:
3297:
3080:Coast Guard Bears
2818:Shipbuilding Yard
2647:
2646:
2566:Freedom Schooner
2116:. August 30, 2007
1690:978-0-275-97010-9
1409:In January 2011,
1370:John Quincy Adams
1337:alternate history
1292:
1291:
1284:
1121:Tulane University
1102:
1101:
823:John Quincy Adams
651:
650:
449:Kanunname of 1889
351:1839 slave revolt
193:
192:
16:(Redirected from
3709:
3647:Two-masted ships
3609:
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3604:
3599:
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3591:
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3564:
3548:
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3506:
3496:
3486:
3476:
3466:
3456:
3446:
3443:Admiral Cockburn
3436:
3420:
3410:
3400:
3383:
3373:
3363:
3353:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3302:
3270:Persian Gulf War
2993:Coast Guard City
2742:
2741:
2696:
2695:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2651:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2499:
2445:Travel Itinerary
2427:
2394:
2382:
2371:
2370:. Da Capo Press.
2362:
2350:
2331:
2330:
2318:
2312:
2311:
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2280:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2270:. New London, CT
2259:
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2235:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2225:. New London, CT
2212:
2206:
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2201:
2194:Hartford Courant
2184:
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2177:
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2141:Hartford Courant
2132:
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2123:
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2106:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2086:. Archived from
2076:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2056:. Archived from
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
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1944:
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1937:
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1766:Hartford Courant
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1734:Hartford Courant
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1489:
1402:", performed by
1358:Steven Spielberg
1287:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1267:
1236:
1228:
1106:Amistad Memorial
1001:
998:
997:
996:
977:
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491:Slave Trade Acts
399:
391:
384:
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368:
292:Martin Van Buren
208:
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21:
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3603:41.361; -71.966
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3593:
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3551:
3541:
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3525:Other incidents
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3280:Afghanistan War
3089:
2988:Coast Guard Act
2971:
2952:List of cutters
2920:
2839:
2786:
2743:
2739:
2734:
2703:
2683:
2678:
2648:
2643:
2637:Lady Washington
2580:(Massachusetts)
2562: (SSN-571)
2531:
2526:
2464:, YouTube video
2434:
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2374:
2365:
2359:
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2337:Further reading
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2291:Poets and Poems
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1986:
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1941:
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1907:American Memory
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1432:
1404:Whitney Houston
1366:Anthony Hopkins
1288:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1253:
1237:
1226:
1141:
1133:Yale University
999:
994:
992:
987:
963:
942:with a typical
912:US Custom House
905:
832:
781:
670:(in modern-day
652:
647:
599:Hamerton Treaty
565:Capture of the
536:Capture of the
530:Veloz Passagera
528:Capture of the
520:Capture of the
512:Capture of the
504:Capture of the
496:Capture of the
400:
397:
395:
353:
348:
317:
309:abolish slavery
201:
156:
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149:
113:
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73:
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41:
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
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11:
5:
3715:
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3669:
3667:Captured ships
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3230:Battle of Guam
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3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
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3024:Semper Paratus
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3000:
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2861:Enlisted ranks
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2845:
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2840:
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2837:
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2822:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2813:Radio stations
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2800:
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2777:Legal Division
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2633:
2623:
2607:
2606:(Pennsylvania)
2598:
2594:A. J. Meerwald
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2533:
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2527:
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2496:
2495:
2482:
2474:
2465:
2456:
2447:
2433:
2432:External links
2430:
2429:
2428:
2410:(1): 156–164.
2395:
2389:
2372:
2363:
2357:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2313:
2307:Middle Passage
2299:
2281:
2254:
2236:
2207:
2179:
2153:
2127:
2101:
2071:
2041:
2010:
1984:
1960:
1958:, pp. 162–169.
1939:
1891:
1876:
1844:
1803:
1783:
1778:Newspapers.com
1751:
1746:Newspapers.com
1719:
1703:
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1428:
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1407:
1396:
1389:
1388:(Sengbe Peah).
1382:Djimon Hounsou
1362:Morgan Freeman
1348:
1323:
1320:Middle Passage
1308:
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1289:
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1238:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1145:Mystic Seaport
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1042:March 25, 2000
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1025:Mystic Seaport
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1002:
989:
988:
984:Mystic Seaport
978:
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959:
904:
901:
879:raised by the
828:Main article:
811:Simeon Jocelyn
803:Joshua Leavitt
780:
777:
649:
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633:
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627:
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614:Moresby Treaty
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429:Firman of 1857
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414:Firman of 1830
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336:Middle Passage
316:
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251:revenue cutter
239:Camagüey, Cuba
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3642:Replica ships
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3307:
3306:
3303:
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3286:
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3278:
3276:
3275:War on terror
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3041:
3040:Racing Stripe
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
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2856:Officer ranks
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2655:
2652:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2630: (BB-31)
2629:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2614: (BB-35)
2613:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2579:
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2573:
2571:(Connecticut)
2570:
2569:
2563:
2561:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2544: (BB-39)
2543:
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2518:
2516:
2511:
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2504:
2503:
2500:
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949:Hawford sold
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816:
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697:Joseph Cinqué
694:
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243:Joseph Cinqué
240:
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3220:World War II
3132:
3131:
3124:
3117:
2808:Air Stations
2767:Intelligence
2749:Organization
2691:
2640:(Washington)
2635:
2627:
2618:
2611:
2602:
2597:(New Jersey)
2592:
2585:
2576:
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2290:
2284:
2272:. Retrieved
2267:
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2239:
2227:. Retrieved
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2198:. Retrieved
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2182:
2170:. Retrieved
2165:
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2144:. Retrieved
2140:
2130:
2118:. Retrieved
2104:
2092:. Retrieved
2088:the original
2083:
2074:
2062:. Retrieved
2058:the original
2051:
2044:
2032:. Retrieved
2028:the original
2021:
2013:
2001:. Retrieved
1996:
1987:
1976:. Retrieved
1972:
1963:
1947:
1942:
1910:. Retrieved
1906:
1901:
1894:
1885:
1879:
1864:
1852:
1847:
1808:. Retrieved
1793:
1786:
1776:– via
1770:. Retrieved
1765:
1754:
1744:– via
1738:. Retrieved
1733:
1722:
1694:. Retrieved
1680:
1674:
1670:
1647:. Retrieved
1640:
1606:. Retrieved
1591:
1584:
1572:
1560:. Retrieved
1545:
1522:
1516:
1504:. Retrieved
1494:
1487:
1451:
1422:
1414:
1411:Random House
1392:
1351:
1332:Gray Victory
1330:
1311:
1304:
1296:
1278:
1269:
1254:Please help
1242:
1217:
1214:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1184:
1180:
1173:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1142:
1128:
1114:
1103:
1052:Tons burthen
979:
966:
950:
948:
940:Saint Thomas
931:
927:
920:U.S. Marshal
907:
906:
873:
871:
859:
853:
852:Text of the
839:
814:
807:Lewis Tappan
797:
794:John Forsyth
789:
784:
782:
772:
767:
760:
755:
751:
747:
739:
733:
721:
716:
707:
705:
703:, New York.
686:
681:
675:
672:Sierra Leone
655:
653:
604:Frere Treaty
586:
578:
566:
557:
556:
549:
537:
529:
521:
514:El Almirante
513:
505:
497:
409:Abolitionism
360:
339:
327:
319:
318:
298:
296:
287:
285:
277:Josiah Gibbs
271:
259:
253:
247:
235:Havana, Cuba
214:
196:
195:
194:
144:October 1840
123:
93:Ramón Ferrer
83:
57:
44:
3657:Slave ships
3601: /
3503:Belle Poule
3463:John McKeon
3245:Vietnam War
3200:World War I
3106:War of 1812
2551:Californian
2274:January 14,
2229:October 30,
2200:October 30,
2172:October 30,
2146:October 30,
2120:December 7,
2034:January 14,
2003:January 14,
1973:www.nps.gov
1930:|work=
1828:|work=
1645:. 1839–1840
1608:January 15,
1579:, page 9 ff
1562:January 15,
1419:Kevin Young
1312:La Amistad,
1189:Caterpillar
1055:136 L. tons
944:New England
903:Later years
867:Isabella II
815:La Amistad'
752:La Amistad
744:Fire Island
722:La Amistad.
701:Long Island
693:Sengbe Pieh
689:cane knives
579:Mary Carver
498:Providentia
315:Description
281:James Covey
3622:La Amistad
3616:Categories
3589:71°57′58″W
3586:41°21′40″N
3535:La Amistad
3473:Coromandel
3433:Monteagudo
3339:Shipwrecks
3240:Korean War
3215:Rum Patrol
3195:Ice Patrol
3060:Fleet Week
2708:Leadership
2601:U.S. Brig
2094:August 18,
2064:August 18,
1978:2020-02-26
1956:1605981753
1853:Washington
1696:August 18,
1677:Incidents"
1480:References
1413:published
1391:The opera
1318:entitled "
1305:La Amistad
1165:La Amistad
1153:La Amistad
1129:La Amistad
1084:Propulsion
955:Guadeloupe
908:La Amistad
798:La Amistad
790:La Amistad
785:Washington
779:Court case
773:La Amistad
768:Washington
740:La Amistad
726:Slave ship
712:Sandy Hook
708:La Amistad
682:La Amistad
656:La Amistad
558:La Amistad
522:Marinerito
506:Presidente
340:La Amistad
332:slave ship
328:La Amistad
320:La Amistad
288:Washington
272:La Amistad
260:La Amistad
255:Washington
215:Friendship
202:pronounced
197:La Amistad
84:La Amistad
58:La Amistad
45:La Amistad
30:See also:
3632:Schooners
3512:HMS
3493:Elizabeth
3483:Caledonia
3453:Gratitude
3395:USS
3101:Quasi-War
2967:Equipment
2851:Personnel
2793:Districts
2626:USS
2610:USS
2584:Schooner
2577:Ernestina
2575:Schooner
2558:USS
2546:(Arizona)
2540:USS
2424:143870695
2327:OperaWire
2114:Culture24
1993:"Amistad"
1932:ignored (
1922:cite book
1830:ignored (
1820:cite book
1506:March 14,
1350:The film
1329:'s novel
1243:does not
1169:freeboard
1092:Sail plan
1031:Laid down
766:USS
756:Gratitude
748:Gratitude
735:Gratitude
668:Mendiland
538:Brillante
184:Sail plan
3545:Weymouth
3542:12 Sep:
3510:25 Nov:
3480:22 Sep:
3470:12 Sep:
3460:28 Aug:
3450:28 Aug:
3440:26 Jul:
3424:24 Jul:
3414:10 May:
3407:Parmelia
3397:Sea Gull
3377:22 Apr:
3370:Artémise
3367:20 Mar:
3357:19 Jan:
3346:16 Jan:
3285:Iraq War
3135:Incident
3127:Incident
2932:Uniforms
2803:Stations
2757:Missions
2560:Nautilus
1912:July 11,
1649:July 28,
1546:Argument
1430:See also
1097:schooner
1095:Topsail
1039:Launched
889:Brooklyn
589:Incident
567:Emanuela
560:Incident
219:schooner
188:Schooner
163:Acquired
141:Acquired
98:Acquired
3532:1 Jul:
3514:Pelorus
3427:Aquiles
3417:Néréide
3404:1 May:
3380:Rebecca
3360:Juliana
3133:Amistad
2983:History
2947:Cutters
2866:Ratings
2798:Sectors
2762:Reserve
2622:(Texas)
2603:Niagara
2589:(Maine)
2586:Bowdoin
2568:Amistad
2542:Arizona
2479:Amistad
2470:Amistad
2462:sailing
2454:Captive
2452:Amistad
2439:Amistad
2400:Amistad
2368:Amistad
2268:The Day
2222:The Day
2052:Amistad
2022:Amistad
1861:US Navy
1859:to the
1671:Amistad
1495:Amistad
1423:Amistad
1415:Ardency
1393:Amistad
1353:Amistad
1264:removed
1249:sources
1218:Amistad
1200:Amistad
1196:Amistad
1181:Amistad
1161:Amistad
1157:Amistad
1139:Replica
1021:Builder
986:in 2010
936:Bermuda
854:Amistad
841:The Sun
728:to the
717:Blossom
361:Amistad
346:History
258:seized
211:Spanish
3390:Pirate
3348:HNLMS
3125:Ingham
3035:Ensign
2942:Badges
2937:Awards
2782:Police
2632:(Utah)
2619:Elissa
2472:Affair
2422:
2387:
2355:
2297:
1954:
1871:
1810:25 Oct
1801:
1772:15 Jan
1740:15 Jan
1687:
1675:Creole
1599:
1553:
1452:Creole
1386:Cinque
1060:Length
961:Legacy
809:, and
677:Teçora
581:Affair
550:Creole
363:revolt
324:masted
279:found
176:Length
157:France
3350:Diana
3118:Bravo
3085:SPARS
2788:Areas
2612:Texas
2420:S2CID
1497:Case"
1384:, as
1376:, as
1368:, as
1210:Maine
1076:Draft
1006:Owner
664:Mende
227:Mende
130:Owner
90:Owner
74:Spain
3571:1840
3558:1838
3030:Flag
2628:Utah
2468:The
2385:ISBN
2353:ISBN
2295:ISBN
2276:2017
2231:2013
2202:2013
2174:2013
2148:2013
2122:2009
2096:2012
2066:2012
2036:2017
2005:2017
1952:ISBN
1934:help
1914:2012
1869:ISBN
1839:link
1832:help
1812:2021
1799:ISBN
1774:2021
1742:2021
1698:2012
1685:ISBN
1673:and
1651:2013
1610:2017
1597:ISBN
1564:2017
1551:ISBN
1508:2013
1454:case
1247:any
1245:cite
1115:The
1104:The
1068:Beam
1034:1998
938:and
783:The
763:brig
552:case
262:off
223:Cuba
213:for
166:1844
120:Name
80:Name
2412:doi
1325:In
1258:by
1147:in
1119:at
982:at
953:in
951:Ion
934:to
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928:Ion
914:in
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