614:
401:
3260:
3364:
3343:
3298:
3281:
103:
420:), which are extended to a certain length and then retracted, either for the purpose of locomotion or food intake. A cell may also form multiple indeterminate pseudopodia, through which the entire contents of the cell flow in the direction of locomotion. These are more or less tubular and are mostly filled with granular endoplasm. The cell mass flows into a leading pseudopod, and the others ultimately retract, unless the organism changes direction.
3326:
669:
416:, and a clear outer layer, called ectoplasm. During locomotion, the endoplasm flows forwards and the ectoplasm runs backwards along the outside of the cell. In motion, many amoebozoans have a clearly defined anterior and posterior and may assume a "monopodial" form, with the entire cell functioning as a single pseudopod. Large pseudopods may produce numerous clear projections called subpseudopodia (or determinate
8196:
3218:
3243:
81:
584:
823:. However, while the close relationship between Amoebozoa and Opisthokonta is robustly supported, recent work has shown that the hypothesis of a uniciliate ancestor is probably false. In their Revised Classification of Eukaryotes (2012), Adl et al. proposed Amorphea as a more suitable name for a clade of approximately the same composition, a sister group to the
696:
746:
726:
3572:
Adl SM, Bass D, Lane CE, Lukeš J, Schoch CL, Smirnov A, Agatha S, Berney C, Brown MW, Burki F, Cárdenas P, Čepička I, Chistyakova L, del Campo J, Dunthorn M, Edvardsen B, Eglit Y, Guillou L, Hampl V, Heiss AA, Hoppenrath M, James TY, Karnkowska A, Karpov S, Kim E, Kolisko M, Kudryavtsev A, Lahr DJG,
880:
and Chao in 1996 suggested that the remaining lobosans do form a monophyletic group, to which the
Archamoebae and Mycetozoa were closely related, although the percolozoans were not. Subsequently, they emended the phylum Amoebozoa to include both the subphylum Lobosa and a new subphylum
818:
lead to the hypothesis that they form a distinct clade. Thomas
Cavalier-Smith proposed the name "unikonts" (formally, Unikonta) for this branch, whose members were believed to have been descended from a common ancestor possessing a single emergent flagellum rooted in one
3134:. For treatment to be effective against all stages of the amoeba may require a combination of medications. Infections without symptoms do not require treatment but infected individuals can spread the parasite to others and treatment can be considered. Treatment of other
892:
Recent molecular genetic data appear to support this primary division of the
Amoebozoa into Lobosa and Conosa. The former, as defined by Cavalier-Smith and his collaborators, consists largely of the classic Lobosea: non-flagellated amoebae with blunt, lobose pseudopods
3091:. The preferred diagnostic method is through faecal examination under microscope, but requires a skilled microscopist and may not be reliable when excluding infection. This method however may not be able to separate between specific types.
472:
within which they may be digested and absorbed. Some amoebozoans have a posterior bulb called a uroid, which may serve to accumulate waste, periodically detaching from the rest of the cell. When food is scarce, most species can form
360:, which have a macroscopic, multicellular stage of life during which individual amoeboid cells remain together after multiple cell division to form a macroscopic plasmodium or, in cellular slime molds, aggregate to form one.
2955:. The DNA pairing and strand exchange reactions are enhanced by the eukaryotic meiosis-specific recombination accessory factor (heterodimer) Hop2-Mnd1. These processes are central to meiotic recombination, suggesting that
3573:
Lara E, Le Gall L, Lynn DH, Mann DG, Massana R, Mitchell EAD, Morrow C, Park JS, Pawlowski JW, Powell MJ, Richter DJ, Rueckert S, Shadwick L, Shimano S, Spiegel FW, Torruella G, Youssef N, Zlatogursky V, Zhang Q (2019).
3157:
is more common in certain areas and symptomatic cases may be fewer than previously reported. The first case of amoebiasis was documented in 1875 and in 1891 the disease was described in detail, resulting in the terms
3955:
Zhulidov DA, Robarts RD, Zhulidov AV, Zhulidova OV, Markelov DA, Rusanov VA, Headley JV (2002). "Zinc accumulation by the slime mold Fuligo septica (L.) Wiggers in the former Soviet Union and North Korea".
613:
3896:
Ruggiero, Michael A.; Gordon, Dennis P.; Orrell, Thomas M.; Bailly, Nicolas; Bourgoin, Thierry; Brusca, Richard C.; Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Guiry, Michael D.; Kirk, Paul M. (2015-06-11).
901:). The latter is made up of both amoeboid and flagellated cells, characteristically with more pointed or slightly branching subpseudopodia (Archamoebae and the Mycetozoan slime molds).
4075:"Examining the Relationship Between the Testate Amoeba Hyalosphenia papilio (Arcellinida, Amoebozoa) and its Associated Intracellular Microalgae Using Molecular and Microscopic Methods"
477:, which may be carried aerially and introduce them to new environments. In slime moulds, these structures are called spores, and form on stalked structures called fruiting bodies or
4323:"187-gene phylogeny of protozoan phylum Amoebozoa reveals a new class (Cutosea) of deep-branching, ultrastructurally unique, enveloped marine Lobosa and clarifies amoeba evolution"
400:
4437:
Leontyev, Dmitry V.; Schnittler, Martin; Stephenson, Steven L.; Novozhilov, Yuri K.; Shchepin, Oleg N. (March 2019). "Towards a phylogenetic classification of the
Myxomycetes".
412:
Amoebozoa is a large and diverse group, but certain features are common to many of its members. The amoebozoan cell is typically divided into a granular central mass, called
3259:
909:
From older studies by
Cavalier-Smith, Chao & Lewis 2016 and Silar 2016. Also recent phylogeny indicates the Lobosa are paraphyletic: Conosa is sister of the Cutosea.
4026:"Characterization of a green Stentor with symbiotic algae growing in an extremely oligotrophic environment and storing large amounts of starch granules in its cytoplasm"
8740:
2788:
come from rocks 750 million years old. All three VSMs share a hemispherical shape, invaginated aperture, and regular indentations, that strongly resemble modern
309:
as well as several other clades comprising some 300 species of unicellular eukaryotes. Amoebozoa and
Opisthokonta are sometimes grouped together in a high-level
9355:
4398:"First multigene analysis of Archamoebae (Amoebozoa: Conosa) robustly reveals its phylogeny and shows that Entamoebidae represents a deep lineage of the group"
8232:
2982:
is enhanced. Expression of genes with functions related to the major steps of meiotic recombination also increased during encystations. These findings in
4073:
Weiner, Agnes K.M.; Cullison, Billie; Date, Shailesh V.; Tyml, Tomáš; Volland, Jean-Marie; Woyke, Tanja; Katz, Laura A.; Sleith, Robin S. (February 2022).
3106:
measures. There is no vaccine. There are two treatment options depending on the location of the infection. Amoebiasis in tissues is treated with either
4270:
Cavalier-Smith T, Chao EE (December 1996). "Molecular phylogeny of the free-living archezoan
Trepomonas agilis and the nature of the first eukaryote".
4943:
3363:
3297:
9329:
835:
in a proposed clade called
Opimoda, which comprises one of two major lineages diverging at the root of the eukaryote tree of life, the other being
8446:
4906:
4868:
4843:
4532:
4380:
4008:
559:
to animals and fungi, diverging from this lineage after it had split from the other groups, as illustrated below in a simplified diagram:
3087:
can survive for up to a month in soil or for up to 45 minutes under fingernails. It is important to differentiate between amoebiasis and
6298:
5008:
363:
Amoebozoa vary greatly in size. Some are only 10–20 μm in diameter, while others are among the largest protozoa. The well-known species
449:, equipped with a single aperture through which the pseudopods emerge. Arcellinid tests may be secreted from organic materials, as in
8311:
8290:
4798:
4195:
3342:
3325:
3005:
diverged early from the eukaryotic family tree, these results also suggest that meiosis was present early in eukaryotic evolution.
3396:
The oldest fossils are dated at 800 Mya, but molecular clocks estimate the divergence time of
Amoebozoa between 1624 and 1384 Mya.
9414:
8225:
6331:
5042:
3075:. If the parasite reaches the bloodstream it can spread through the body, most frequently ending up in the liver where it causes
3280:
9457:
8255:
6326:
5037:
3435:"Vase-shaped microfossils from the Neoproterozoic Chuar Group, Grand Canyon: a classification guided by modern testate amoebae"
4606:"Entamoeba histolytica Dmc1 Catalyzes Homologous DNA Pairing and Strand Exchange That Is Stimulated by Calcium and Hop2-Mnd1"
8349:
6410:
6400:
6383:
5121:
5111:
5094:
3053:
3217:
9267:
8439:
8218:
4472:
Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, LKT; Dolatabadi, S; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020).
3242:
9360:
4604:
Kelso AA, Say AF, Sharma D, Ledford LL, Turchick A, Saski CA, King AV, Attaway CC, Temesvari LA, Sehorn MG (2015).
102:
8583:
2772:
345:. Free-living species are common in both salt and freshwater as well as soil, moss and leaf litter. Some live as
3453:
3206:. The reason these species haven't been differentiated until recently is because of the reliance on appearance.
3170:
volunteers developed the disease. It has been known since 1897 that at least one non-disease-causing species of
278:. In the classification favored by the International Society of Protistologists, it is retained as an unranked "
3370:
3149:
and these result in the death of between 40,000–110,000 people every year. Most infections are now ascribed to
2979:
2948:
2918:
4363:
4515:
Porter SM (2006). "The
Proterozoic Fossil Record of Heterotrophic Eukaryotes". In Xiao S, Kaufman AJ (eds.).
9452:
8668:
8305:
6415:
6291:
5126:
5001:
3076:
2975:
2834:
2784:
2778:
7843:
4951:
386:
may be several millimetres in length, and some multicellular amoebozoa, such as the "dog vomit" slime mold
370:
which may reach 800 ÎĽm in length, is often studied in schools and laboratories as a representative cell or
9220:
8432:
8295:
8280:
7835:
4185:
3131:
2944:
2667:
3739:"CBOL protist working group: barcoding eukaryotic richness beyond the animal, plant, and fungal kingdoms"
3434:
520:. The flagellum is generally anchored by a cone of microtubules, suggesting a close relationship to the
9391:
8896:
8546:
8404:
8394:
8378:
7822:
7702:
7534:
7083:
6601:
6596:
6378:
5089:
4668:"Homologous recombination occurs in Entamoeba and is enhanced during growth stress and stage conversion"
3304:
3198:
3145:
Amoebiasis is present all over the world. About 480 million people are infected with what appears to be
3024:
2931:
2820:
2658:
2589:
2551:
1667:
877:
149:
7679:
6857:
6850:
8124:
7893:
7638:
7633:
6808:
3793:
Cavalier-Smith T, Fiore-Donno AM, Chao E, Kudryavtsev A, Berney C, Snell EA, Lewis R (February 2015).
2705:
1872:
9419:
9370:
9290:
8561:
8412:
8399:
8316:
8285:
7970:
7919:
7853:
7615:
7539:
7524:
7042:
6197:
4679:
4617:
4279:
4224:
4137:
3480:
2676:
2482:
1550:
279:
9321:
8138:
7942:
7911:
7755:
7644:
7610:
7602:
6966:
6731:
6202:
4124:
Eichinger L, Pachebat JA, Glöckner G, Rajandream MA, Sucgang R, Berriman M, et al. (May 2005).
3186:
was two species, despite this having first been proposed in 1925. In addition to the now-recognized
3016:, also known as amebiasis or entamoebiasis, is an infection caused by any of the amoebozoans of the
2714:
2627:
2511:
1894:
1761:
1621:
356:
While the majority of amoebozoan species are unicellular, the group also includes several clades of
8082:
7732:
7473:
7157:
5904:
5688:
8166:
8033:
7981:
7884:
7724:
7546:
7529:
6864:
6703:
6682:
6640:
6606:
6060:
2696:
2607:
2598:
2230:
2074:
1738:
1218:
861:, but these were considered to be unnatural groups. Structural and genetic studies identified the
9447:
9442:
8891:
8573:
8337:
8199:
8131:
8096:
8054:
7715:
7514:
7487:
7480:
7466:
7459:
7439:
7425:
7057:
6937:
6724:
6395:
6373:
6361:
6336:
6284:
5914:
5106:
5084:
5072:
5047:
4994:
4454:
4303:
4211:
Derelle R, Torruella G, Klimeš V, Brinkmann H, Kim E, Vlček Č, Lang BF, Eliáš M (February 2015).
3554:
3332:
3127:
2964:
2863:
2464:
2437:
1513:
1491:
869:
their representatives were separate from other amoebae, and appeared to diverge near the base of
294:
283:
239:
213:
97:
89:
9396:
8159:
8068:
7746:
7651:
7494:
6766:
6675:
2618:
2473:
2259:
1535:
1246:
7781:
6633:
4000:
9378:
8683:
8389:
8040:
7960:
7901:
6619:
6612:
6453:
6405:
6368:
6356:
6346:
6248:
6174:
6155:
5865:
5448:
5116:
5079:
5067:
5057:
4922:
4902:
4864:
4839:
4756:
4707:
4645:
4579:
4528:
4419:
4396:
Pánek T, ZadrobĂlková E, Walker G, Brown MW, Gentekaki E, Hroudová M, et al. (May 2016).
4376:
4344:
4295:
4252:
4191:
4163:
4106:
4055:
4004:
3973:
3937:
3919:
3851:
3816:
3770:
3716:
3658:
3604:
3546:
3508:
3088:
3068:
468:, in which the cell surrounds potential food particles with its pseudopods, sealing them into
268:
142:
9406:
9383:
8047:
6773:
6499:
3627:
Kang S, Tice AK, Spiegel FW, Silberman JD, Pánek T, Cepicka I, et al. (September 2017).
2250:
1236:
341:
itself. Species of Amoebozoa may be either shelled (testate) or naked, and cells may possess
8959:
8838:
8730:
8673:
8613:
8608:
8536:
8521:
7870:
7666:
7047:
6916:
6843:
6320:
6220:
6166:
5920:
5366:
5031:
4912:
4894:
4746:
4738:
4697:
4687:
4635:
4625:
4569:
4561:
4520:
4495:
4485:
4446:
4409:
4334:
4287:
4242:
4232:
4153:
4145:
4096:
4086:
4045:
4037:
3965:
3927:
3909:
3878:
3869:
Cavalier-Smith T (2003). "Protist phylogeny and the high-level classification of Protozoa".
3843:
3806:
3760:
3750:
3706:
3698:
3648:
3640:
3594:
3586:
3538:
3498:
3488:
3449:
3188:
2560:
2179:
1695:
1142:
4806:
4519:. Topics in Geobiology. Vol. 27. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer. pp. 1–21.
3737:
Pawlowski J, Audic S, Adl S, Bass D, Belbahri L, Berney C, et al. (November 6, 2012).
3469:"Estimating the timing of early eukaryotic diversification with multigene molecular clocks"
9132:
9037:
8999:
8954:
8886:
8643:
8603:
8588:
8481:
8343:
7937:
7862:
7763:
7625:
7193:
7165:
7026:
7018:
6780:
6717:
6561:
6533:
6460:
6093:
5268:
4181:
3072:
2793:
2685:
2520:
2379:
2217:
1190:
9258:
4969:
545:
8424:
4683:
4621:
4283:
4228:
4141:
3484:
536:, which are adapted to anoxic or microaerophilic habitats, mitochondria have been lost.
9316:
9192:
9137:
9127:
8969:
8783:
8735:
8648:
8623:
8618:
8598:
8593:
8496:
8486:
8117:
7929:
7414:
7375:
7321:
7067:
6932:
6836:
6689:
6654:
6478:
6351:
6189:
6179:
6143:
6118:
5807:
5598:
5499:
5421:
5230:
5062:
4917:
4751:
4726:
4702:
4667:
4640:
4605:
4574:
4549:
4247:
4212:
4158:
4125:
4101:
4074:
4050:
4025:
3932:
3897:
3765:
3738:
3711:
3686:
3685:
Adl SM, Simpson AG, Lane CE, Lukeš J, Bass D, Bowser SS, et al. (September 2012).
3653:
3628:
3599:
3574:
3542:
3503:
3468:
3224:
3119:
3033:
2767:
2455:
1636:
1469:
824:
668:
446:
388:
371:
365:
353:
of other organisms, and some are known to cause disease in humans and other organisms.
337:
3993:
853:
Traditionally all amoebozoa with lobose pseudopods were grouped together in the class
9436:
8916:
8901:
8863:
8788:
8724:
8710:
8658:
8653:
8567:
8556:
8551:
8531:
8526:
8501:
8265:
8103:
7799:
7551:
7519:
7508:
7370:
7308:
7298:
7270:
7252:
7247:
7188:
7180:
7170:
7138:
6992:
6987:
6885:
6759:
6752:
6551:
6528:
6523:
6483:
6470:
6225:
6024:
6016:
5846:
5767:
5707:
5618:
5592:
5321:
4458:
3847:
3702:
3107:
2569:
2540:
2446:
2239:
2166:
2110:
2101:
1680:
1224:
1094:
992:
977:
955:
691:
525:
434:
375:
319:
4490:
4473:
4307:
9112:
9107:
9082:
9057:
9047:
8974:
8843:
8717:
8678:
8663:
8638:
8633:
8578:
8511:
8274:
8173:
8089:
7582:
7419:
7365:
7357:
7316:
7275:
7262:
7239:
7148:
7130:
7052:
7008:
6971:
6892:
6878:
6871:
6822:
6787:
6738:
6661:
6518:
6258:
6085:
6065:
6005:
5909:
5882:
5829:
5787:
5754:
5529:
5307:
5246:
4565:
3558:
3375:
3266:
3166:. Further evidence from the Philippines in 1913 found that upon ingesting cysts of
3115:
3102:
Prevention of amoebiasis is by separating food and water from faeces and by proper
3092:
2914:
is capable of some form of meiosis and may be able to undergo sexual reproduction.
2855:
2827:
2763:
2723:
2502:
2406:
2388:
2339:
2148:
2139:
2092:
2083:
1916:
1849:
1608:
1416:
1356:
1057:
1035:
942:
832:
708:
556:
465:
438:
298:
287:
257:
9272:
4692:
4630:
4091:
4024:
Hoshina, Ryo; Tsukii, Yuuji; Harumoto, Terue; Suzaki, Toshinobu (February 2021).
3914:
3755:
9342:
9252:
9167:
9142:
9087:
9062:
8984:
8979:
8944:
8934:
8628:
8541:
8369:
8328:
8152:
8061:
7975:
7965:
7804:
7689:
7674:
7567:
7406:
7293:
7230:
6829:
6668:
6647:
6577:
6510:
6149:
6075:
5927:
5891:
5871:
5819:
5793:
5683:
5631:
5604:
5586:
5559:
5326:
5195:
5184:
4950:. Department of Zoology and Animal Biology, University of Geneva. Archived from
4898:
4414:
4397:
4370:
4339:
4322:
3811:
3794:
3406:
3354:
3316:
3308:
3123:
3095:
is present in severe cases, but not in mild ones. The most accurate test is for
3057:
3029:
2972:
2926:
2922:
2896:
2766:(VSMs) discovered around the world show that amoebozoans have existed since the
2580:
2531:
2419:
2397:
2370:
2361:
2297:
2268:
2130:
1657:
1598:
1446:
1401:
1388:
1378:
1292:
1252:
1022:
828:
815:
533:
521:
513:
505:
490:
442:
417:
357:
222:
200:
195:
80:
52:
45:
4450:
4217:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
4041:
3473:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
9200:
9162:
9092:
9072:
9067:
9052:
9022:
8994:
8949:
8939:
8911:
8906:
8848:
8823:
8516:
8491:
8384:
8145:
7952:
7791:
7285:
7216:
7211:
7062:
6899:
6815:
6801:
6794:
6696:
6543:
6448:
6230:
6054:
6045:
6030:
5898:
5835:
5694:
5655:
5650:
5536:
5453:
5348:
5260:
4364:"Protistes Eucaryotes: Origine, Evolution et Biologie des Microbes Eucaryotes"
3349:
3287:
3111:
3103:
3013:
2952:
2789:
2732:
2645:
2288:
2208:
2157:
1931:
1277:
1175:
1079:
862:
820:
583:
555:
It appears (based on molecular genetics) that the members of Amoebozoa form a
478:
9243:
4774:
3923:
9303:
9117:
9097:
8989:
8868:
8803:
8793:
8773:
8754:
8506:
8110:
8075:
7501:
7432:
7203:
6745:
6556:
6440:
6431:
6129:
6070:
5778:
5743:
5701:
5678:
5660:
5547:
5483:
5358:
5235:
5178:
5017:
4237:
3882:
3644:
3575:"Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes"
3493:
3233:
3041:
3037:
3018:
2969:
2871:
2841:
2797:
2493:
2279:
2197:
2188:
2119:
1798:
1716:
1264:
1162:
1152:
886:
870:
858:
843:
501:
494:
486:
482:
457:
413:
350:
346:
325:
253:
250:
165:
114:
4986:
4926:
4760:
4711:
4649:
4583:
4423:
4348:
4256:
4167:
4110:
4059:
3977:
3941:
3820:
3774:
3720:
3662:
3608:
3512:
3409:, before its redefinition in 2017, was considered to be equal to Amoebozoa.
4524:
4299:
3855:
3550:
263:. In traditional classification schemes, Amoebozoa is usually ranked as a
17:
9282:
9237:
9172:
9152:
9147:
9122:
9102:
9077:
9042:
9032:
9027:
8858:
8833:
8813:
8473:
8180:
7773:
7591:
7450:
7121:
6626:
6390:
6136:
6098:
5999:
5976:
5523:
5518:
5510:
5440:
5315:
5190:
5173:
5151:
5101:
4834:
Farrar J, Hotez P, Junghanss T, Kang G, Lalloo D, White NJ (2013-10-26).
4742:
3969:
3271:
3096:
3049:
2940:
2636:
2428:
2065:
1456:
932:
741:
664:
626:
579:
342:
331:
314:
275:
271:
190:
170:
127:
4980:
4500:
4149:
3529:
Cavalier-Smith T (August 1998). "A revised six-kingdom system of life".
865:
and several archamoebae as independent groups. In phylogenies based on
485:
species living in a symbiotic relationship with microalgae of the genus
317:. Amoebozoa includes many of the best-known amoeboid organisms, such as
9334:
9177:
9157:
8853:
8828:
8818:
8808:
8764:
8701:
8250:
7348:
6252:
5987:
5824:
5670:
5577:
5566:
5430:
5336:
5292:
5200:
4291:
3249:
3045:
2995:
2867:
2806:
2330:
1783:
1350:
854:
836:
745:
695:
596:
566:
509:
469:
451:
306:
260:
246:
180:
59:
9347:
8210:
3590:
9017:
9009:
8878:
8365:
7395:
7339:
6710:
5642:
5372:
5274:
5216:
4550:"Is there evidence of sexual reproduction (meiosis) in Acanthamoeba?"
3312:
3229:
3061:
2880:
2859:
2352:
2321:
2312:
1368:
1340:
882:
827:. More recent work places the members of Amorphea together with the
651:
529:
517:
489:, which lives inside the cytoplasm of their host, have been found in
425:
264:
243:
185:
175:
66:
9214:
4727:"Comparative genomics supports sex and meiosis in diverse Amoebozoa"
725:
9308:
3898:"Correction: A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms"
8926:
8798:
6212:
5852:
3080:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2876:
721:
609:
399:
310:
302:
290:
4960:
2929:, is required for efficient meiotic HR, and Dmc1 is expressed in
9295:
8964:
8456:
5469:
2906:
2900:
866:
474:
455:, or built up from collected particles cemented together, as in
9218:
8428:
8214:
6280:
4990:
4944:"Molecular Phylogeny of Amoeboid Protists — Tree of Amoebozoa"
4893:. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 983. pp. 1–15.
3629:"Between a Pod and a Hard Test: The Deep Evolution of Amoebae"
3179:
528:
in amoebozoan cells characteristically have branching tubular
2921:(HR) ordinarily occurs during meiosis. The meiosis-specific
2134:
Smirnov & Cavalier-Smith 2011 em. Kudryavtsev et al. 2014
6276:
3834:
Corliss JO (1984). "The Kingdom Protista and its 45 Phyla".
3454:
10.1666/0022-3360(2003)077<0409:VMFTNC>2.0.CO;2
4126:"The genome of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum"
3795:"Multigene phylogeny resolves deep branching of Amoebozoa"
3531:
Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
2152:
Cavalier-Smith 2004 em. Smirnov & Cavalier-Smith 2011
857:, placed with other amoeboids in the phylum Sarcodina or
3083:
abscesses can occur without previous diarrhea. Cysts of
3192:
evidence shows there are at least two other species of
2951:
and DNA strand exchange over at least several thousand
4213:"Bacterial proteins pinpoint a single eukaryotic root"
3788:
3786:
3784:
3467:
Parfrey LW, Lahr DJ, Knoll AH, Katz LA (August 2011).
433:, or covered with a loose coat of minute scales, like
423:
While most amoebozoans are "naked," like the familiar
2105:
Rogerson & Patterson 2002 em. Cavalier-Smith 2004
2143:
Schaeffer 1926 em. Smirnov & Cavalier-Smith 2011
9227:
9190:
9008:
8925:
8877:
8762:
8753:
8700:
8472:
8364:
8327:
8264:
8249:
8023:
7951:
7928:
7910:
7892:
7883:
7861:
7852:
7834:
7821:
7790:
7772:
7754:
7745:
7723:
7714:
7701:
7688:
7665:
7624:
7601:
7581:
7564:
7449:
7405:
7392:
7356:
7347:
7338:
7307:
7284:
7261:
7238:
7229:
7202:
7179:
7156:
7147:
7129:
7120:
7076:
7035:
7017:
7001:
6980:
6959:
6950:
6925:
6909:
6587:
6574:
6542:
6509:
6496:
6469:
6439:
6430:
6211:
6188:
6165:
6115:
6084:
6044:
6015:
5986:
5974:
5881:
5845:
5806:
5777:
5753:
5740:
5669:
5641:
5617:
5576:
5546:
5509:
5496:
5466:
5439:
5419:
5357:
5335:
5289:
5259:
5244:
5213:
5164:
5149:
4725:Hofstatter PG, Brown MW, Lahr DJG (November 2018).
464:In all amoebozoa, the primary mode of nutrition is
3992:
3099:, but it may remain positive following treatment.
3028:. Amoebiasis can present with no, mild, or severe
3022:group. Symptoms are most common upon infection by
242:group containing about 2,400 described species of
2994:. A comparative genetic analysis indicated that
2804:in particular looks the same as the extant genus
8741:Archaeal Richmond Mine acidophilic nanoorganisms
4666:Singh N, Bhattacharya A, Bhattacharya S (2013).
4321:Cavalier-Smith T, Chao EE, Lewis R (June 2016).
3732:
3730:
2814:List of amoebozoan protozoa pathogenic to humans
3433:Porter SM, Meisterfeld R, Knoll AH (May 2003).
3178:), but it was first formally recognized by the
4976:. Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office.
4838:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 664–671.
4829:
4827:
4825:
4823:
2998:are present in all major amoebozoan lineages.
2234:Cavalier-Smith 2016 stat. nov. Adl et al. 2018
2192:Smirnov et al. 2005 stat. nov. Adl et al. 2018
2069:Cavalier-Smith 2004 stat. nov. Adl et al. 2018
392:, can cover an area of several square meters.
8440:
8226:
6292:
5002:
4889:Schilde C, Schaap P (2013). "The Amoebozoa".
3428:
3426:
516:, and many slime moulds produce biflagellate
8:
4517:Neoproterozoic Geolobiology and Paleobiology
3622:
3620:
3618:
849:Subphyla within Amoebozoa: Lobosa and Conosa
4863:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 177–182.
2968:found that, during the conversion from the
2316:Kang et al. 2017 stat. nov. Adl et al. 2018
2254:Kang et al. 2017 stat. nov. Adl et al. 2018
2201:Kang et al. 2017 stat. nov. Adl et al. 2018
9215:
8759:
8697:
8469:
8465:
8447:
8433:
8425:
8261:
8233:
8219:
8211:
7889:
7858:
7831:
7751:
7720:
7711:
7698:
7598:
7578:
7561:
7402:
7389:
7353:
7344:
7235:
7153:
7126:
6956:
6947:
6584:
6571:
6506:
6493:
6436:
6299:
6285:
6277:
6162:
5992:
5983:
5971:
5878:
5842:
5812:
5759:
5750:
5737:
5623:
5552:
5506:
5493:
5476:
5463:
5436:
5416:
5412:
5341:
5299:
5256:
5252:
5223:
5161:
5157:
5146:
5142:
5009:
4995:
4987:
3687:"The revised classification of eukaryotes"
3680:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3524:
3522:
3126:, while luminal infection is treated with
2986:, combined with evidence from studies of
814:Strong similarities between Amoebozoa and
301:, another major clade which contains both
79:
31:
4916:
4750:
4701:
4691:
4639:
4629:
4573:
4499:
4489:
4413:
4338:
4246:
4236:
4157:
4100:
4090:
4049:
3931:
3913:
3810:
3764:
3754:
3710:
3652:
3598:
3502:
3492:
3067:Invasion of the intestinal lining causes
374:, partly because of its convenient size.
4661:
4659:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4593:
2990:indicate the presence of meiosis in the
2555:Hawksworth, Sutton & Ainsworth 1983
551:Place of Amoebozoa in the eukaryote tree
512:. However, flagella do occur among the
4859:Beeching N, Gill G (2014-04-17). "19".
4474:"Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa"
3422:
3389:
3213:
905:Phylogeny and taxonomy within Amoebozoa
6267:denotes groups with over 1,000 species
4974:Fresh-Water Rhizopods of North America
3691:The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
249:, often possessing blunt, fingerlike,
6952: Glutinoconcha
4402:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
4327:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
3999:. New York: Academic Press. pp.
3799:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
2573:Martin 1961 ex Farr & Alexopoulos
2486:Lahr et al. 2011 em. Kang et al. 2017
2272:Pussard & Pons 1976 em. Page 1987
899:Acanthamoeba, Arcella, Difflugia etc.
885:, comprising the Archamoebae and the
7:
9371:10bd2587-771e-4326-bdd7-31c6a6269615
4375:. Creative Commons. pp. 1–462.
2917:In sexually reproducing eukaryotes,
2410:Page 1976 emend. Cavalier Smith 1987
2059:LĂĽhe 1913 emend. Cavalier-Smith 1998
873:evolution, as did most slime molds.
508:-supported structures except during
3056:. This last complication may cause
1909:
1887:
1865:
1841:
1776:
1754:
1730:
1722:
1673:
1663:
1614:
1604:
1528:
1506:
1484:
1462:
1452:
1394:
1384:
1374:
1346:
1270:
1242:
1214:
1168:
1158:
1148:
1072:
1050:
1028:
970:
948:
938:
928:
921:
714:
684:
657:
632:
602:
572:
562:
297:identify it as the sister group to
8291:Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis
4959:Keeling P, Leander BS, Simpson A.
4891:Dictyostelium discoideum Protocols
3579:Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
3543:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1998.tb00030.x
2544:Shadwick & Spiegel et al. 2012
2535:Shadwick & Spiegel et al. 2012
2497:de Bary, 1859 ex Rostafinski, 1873
2292:LepĹźi 1960 em. Cavalier-Smith 2016
25:
4948:Molecular Systematics Group (MSG)
4548:Khan NA, Siddiqui R (June 2015).
2515:Baldauf, Sheikh & Thulin 2017
2374:Cavalier-Smith 1983 stat. n. 2004
2365:Cavalier-Smith 1993 stat. n. 1998
2087:Smirnov & Cavalier-Smith 2011
286:analysis supports Amoebozoa as a
8195:
8194:
4861:Lecture Notes: Tropical Medicine
3958:Journal of Environmental Quality
3871:European Journal of Protistology
3703:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x
3362:
3341:
3324:
3296:
3279:
3258:
3241:
3216:
3093:Increased white blood cell count
744:
724:
694:
667:
612:
582:
101:
8312:Balamuthia amoebic encephalitis
3633:Molecular Biology and Evolution
3196:that look the same in humans -
504:and more generally do not form
500:The majority of Amoebozoa lack
293:. Modern studies of eukaryotic
5746:
5742:
5502:
5498:
4566:10.1179/2047773215Y.0000000009
4272:Journal of Molecular Evolution
3060:. People affected may develop
2910:. This finding suggests that
2356:Cavalier-Smith 1998 stat. nov.
2325:Cavalier-Smith 2016 stat. nov.
1:
8350:Sappinia amoebic encephalitis
4775:"Entamoebiasis - MeSH - NCBI"
4190:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
4693:10.1371/journal.pone.0074465
4631:10.1371/journal.pone.0139399
4092:10.1016/j.protis.2021.125853
3915:10.1371/journal.pone.0130114
3848:10.1016/0303-2647(84)90003-0
3756:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001419
3253:sp. test (Lobosa: Tubulinea)
2243:Cavalier-Smith 2004 em. 2011
4899:10.1007/978-1-62703-302-2_1
4554:Pathogens and Global Health
4415:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.01.011
4340:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.03.023
3812:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.011
2978:to the tetranucleate cyst,
2773:Melanocyrillium hexodiadema
2584:Link 1833 em. Haeckel 1866
2564:Shadwick & Spiegel 2012
226:Zopf 1884, emend Olive 1975
9474:
8286:Cutaneous acanthamoebiasis
4836:Manson's Tropical Diseases
4451:10.11646/phytotaxa.399.3.5
4042:10.1038/s41598-021-82416-9
2935:. The purified Dmc1 from
2862:sequence revealed several
2524:Lister 1909 em. Olive 1970
2432:Cavalier-Smith et al. 2004
2096:Cavalier-Smith et al. 2016
876:However, revised trees by
844:Eukaryote § Phylogeny
841:
543:
8696:
8468:
8464:
8459:phyla/divisions by domain
8190:
7560:
7388:
6946:
6570:
6492:
6314:
6243:
5995:
5970:
5815:
5762:
5736:
5626:
5555:
5492:
5479:
5462:
5415:
5411:
5344:
5302:
5255:
5226:
5160:
5145:
5141:
5025:
4961:"Tree of Life Eukaryotes"
4491:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8
2794:shell-bearing amoebozoans
2770:Era. The fossil species
1929:
1914:
1907:
1892:
1885:
1870:
1863:
1847:
1839:
1796:
1781:
1774:
1759:
1752:
1736:
1728:
1720:
1693:
1678:
1671:
1661:
1634:
1619:
1612:
1602:
1548:
1533:
1526:
1511:
1504:
1489:
1482:
1467:
1460:
1450:
1414:
1399:
1392:
1382:
1372:
1354:
1344:
1290:
1275:
1268:
1250:
1240:
1222:
1212:
1188:
1173:
1166:
1156:
1146:
1092:
1077:
1070:
1055:
1048:
1033:
1026:
990:
975:
968:
953:
946:
936:
926:
739:
719:
712:
689:
682:
662:
655:
637:
630:
607:
600:
577:
570:
219:
212:
162:
157:
98:Scientific classification
96:
87:
78:
34:
5472:
5468:
3371:Dictyostelium discoideum
2980:homologous recombination
2943:filaments and catalyzes
2919:homologous recombination
2874:. These genes included
8669:Thermodesulfobacteriota
8306:Balamuthia mandrillaris
4983:at UniEuk Taxonomy App.
4963:. Tree of Life Project.
4238:10.1073/pnas.1420657112
3883:10.1078/0932-4739-00002
3494:10.1073/pnas.1110633108
3442:Journal of Paleontology
3097:antibodies in the blood
3077:amoebic liver abscesses
3069:amoebic bloody diarrhea
3032:. Symptoms may include
2853:The recently available
2835:Balamuthia mandrillaris
2796:belonging to the class
441:, members of the order
404:An amoeba of the genus
9458:Taxa described in 1998
8296:Acanthamoeba infection
8281:Acanthamoeba keratitis
3291:sp. (Lobosa: Discosea)
3138:infections apart from
3064:due to loss of blood.
2949:homologous DNA pairing
2785:Hemisphaeriella ornata
2779:Palaeoarcella athanata
2506:Hawksworth et al. 1983
445:form rigid shells, or
409:
158:Classes and subclades
9392:Paleobiology Database
8897:Neocallimastigomycota
8405:Amoebic brain abscess
8395:Amoebic liver abscess
8379:Entamoeba histolytica
7844:Echinosteliopsidaceae
4525:10.1007/1-4020-5202-2
4372:HAL archives-ouvertes
3645:10.1093/molbev/msx162
3336:(Conosa: Archamoebae)
3305:Entamoeba histolytica
3204:Entamoeba bangladeshi
3164:amoebic liver abscess
3025:Entamoeba histolytica
2932:Entamoeba histolytica
2866:of genes employed in
2821:Entamoeba histolytica
546:wikispecies:Amoebozoa
544:Further information:
408:(Amoebozoa, Discosea)
403:
8562:Coprothermobacterota
8413:Entamoeba gingivalis
8400:Cutaneous amoebiasis
8317:Balamuthia infection
7836:Echinosteliopsidales
4779:www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
4184:; Wong, Yan (2016).
3970:10.2134/jeq2002.1038
2668:Echinosteliopsidales
2662:Leontyev et al. 2019
2593:Leontyev et al. 2019
915:Amoebozoa phylogeny
282:" within Eukaryota.
27:Phylum of protozoans
6144:Gunflint microbiota
5905:Klebsormidiophyceae
5689:Hyphochytriomycetes
4684:2013PLoSO...874465S
4622:2015PLoSO..1039399K
4284:1996JMolE..43..551C
4229:2015PNAS..112E.693D
4187:The Ancestor's Tale
4150:10.1038/nature03481
4142:2005Natur.435...43E
3485:2011PNAS..10813624P
2959:undergoes meiosis.
2468:Cavalier-Smith 2016
2441:Cavalier-Smith 2016
2423:Cavalier-Smith 2013
2401:Cavalier-Smith 1993
2383:Cavalier-Smith 2013
2343:Cavalier-Smith 2016
2334:Cavalier-Smith 2016
2283:Cavalier-Smith 2016
2263:Cavalier-Smith 2016
2170:Smirnov et al. 2005
2161:Smirnov et al. 2005
1837:Columellomycetidae
1726:Lucisporomycetidae
532:However, among the
8892:Blastocladiomycota
8338:Sappinia diploidea
8200:Category:Amoebozoa
7823:Columellomycetidae
7703:Lucisporomycetidae
7573:(true slime molds)
7570:
7566:
7535:Schizoplasmodiidae
7398:
7394:
7084:Cylindrifflugiidae
6938:Cryptodifflugiidae
6602:Mississippiellidae
6597:Bipseudostomatidae
6580:
6576:
6502:
6498:
5915:Coleochaetophyceae
5295:
5291:
5219:
5215:
4954:on 2 January 2005.
4743:10.1093/gbe/evy241
4292:10.1007/BF02202103
4030:Scientific Reports
3333:Pelomyxa palustris
3128:diloxanide furoate
2965:Entamoeba invadens
2659:Columellomycetidae
2590:Lucisporomycetidae
2552:Ceratiomyxomycetes
1668:Ceratiomyxomycetes
410:
295:phylogenetic trees
267:within either the
90:Chaos carolinensis
9430:
9429:
9379:Open Tree of Life
9221:Taxon identifiers
9212:
9211:
9208:
9207:
9186:
9185:
8749:
8748:
8692:
8691:
8684:Verrucomicrobiota
8422:
8421:
8390:Amoebic dysentery
8360:
8359:
8208:
8207:
8019:
8018:
8015:
8014:
8011:
8010:
8007:
8006:
8003:
8002:
7999:
7998:
7995:
7994:
7991:
7990:
7961:Lamprodermataceae
7902:Clastodermataceae
7879:
7878:
7817:
7816:
7813:
7812:
7741:
7740:
7680:Protosporangiidae
7661:
7660:
7384:
7383:
7334:
7333:
7330:
7329:
7225:
7224:
7116:
7115:
7112:
7111:
7108:
7107:
7104:
7103:
7100:
7099:
7096:
7095:
7092:
7091:
7019:Hyalospheniformes
6858:Pseudawerintzewia
6851:Protocucurbitella
6454:Trichosphaeriidae
6274:
6273:
6239:
6238:
6175:Spironematellidae
6156:Meteora sporadica
6111:
6110:
6107:
6106:
6040:
6039:
5966:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5958:
5957:
5954:
5953:
5950:
5949:
5946:
5945:
5942:
5941:
5938:
5937:
5866:Prasinodermophyta
5802:
5801:
5732:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5724:
5723:
5720:
5719:
5716:
5715:
5613:
5612:
5449:Centroplasthelida
5407:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5395:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5383:
5382:
5285:
5284:
5209:
5208:
4908:978-1-62703-301-5
4870:978-1-118-73456-8
4845:978-0-7020-5306-1
4737:(11): 3118–3128.
4534:978-1-4020-5201-9
4382:978-2-9555841-0-1
4010:978-0-323-14404-9
3995:Biology of Amoeba
3591:10.1111/jeu.12691
3160:amoebic dysentery
3089:bacterial colitis
2996:meiotic processes
2737:
2728:
2719:
2710:
2701:
2690:
2681:
2672:
2663:
2650:
2641:
2632:
2623:
2612:
2603:
2594:
2585:
2574:
2565:
2556:
2545:
2536:
2525:
2516:
2507:
2498:
2487:
2478:
2469:
2460:
2451:
2442:
2433:
2424:
2411:
2402:
2393:
2384:
2375:
2366:
2357:
2344:
2335:
2326:
2317:
2302:
2293:
2284:
2273:
2264:
2255:
2244:
2235:
2222:
2221:de Saedeleer 1934
2213:
2202:
2193:
2184:
2171:
2162:
2153:
2144:
2135:
2124:
2115:
2106:
2097:
2088:
2079:
2070:
2060:
2057:Phylum Amoebozoa
2055:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2041:
2040:
2032:
2031:
2023:
2022:
2014:
2013:
2005:
2004:
1996:
1995:
1987:
1986:
1978:
1977:
1969:
1968:
1960:
1959:
1951:
1950:
1942:
1941:
1827:
1826:
1818:
1817:
1809:
1808:
1706:
1705:
1647:
1646:
1588:
1587:
1579:
1578:
1570:
1569:
1561:
1560:
1436:
1435:
1427:
1426:
1330:
1329:
1321:
1320:
1312:
1311:
1303:
1302:
1201:
1200:
1132:
1131:
1123:
1122:
1114:
1113:
1105:
1104:
1012:
1011:
1003:
1002:
811:
810:
802:
801:
793:
792:
784:
783:
775:
774:
766:
765:
757:
756:
284:Molecular genetic
233:
232:
153:
16:(Redirected from
9465:
9423:
9422:
9410:
9409:
9400:
9399:
9387:
9386:
9374:
9373:
9364:
9363:
9351:
9350:
9338:
9337:
9325:
9324:
9312:
9311:
9299:
9298:
9286:
9285:
9276:
9275:
9263:
9262:
9261:
9248:
9247:
9246:
9216:
8960:Anthocerotophyta
8839:Hemimastigophora
8760:
8731:Nitrososphaerota
8698:
8674:Thermomicrobiota
8614:Kiritimatiellota
8609:Ignavibacteriota
8574:Deferribacterota
8537:Campylobacterota
8522:Bdellovibrionota
8470:
8466:
8449:
8442:
8435:
8426:
8262:
8235:
8228:
8221:
8212:
8198:
8197:
8125:Pseudothecamoeba
7894:Clastodermatales
7890:
7871:Echinosteliaceae
7859:
7832:
7828:
7752:
7721:
7712:
7708:
7699:
7695:
7667:Protosporangiida
7639:Dictyosteliaceae
7634:Raperosteliaceae
7599:
7579:
7575:
7574:
7562:
7403:
7399:
7390:
7354:
7345:
7236:
7154:
7127:
7048:Distomatopyxidae
6957:
6953:
6948:
6917:Microchlamyiidae
6844:Protoplagiopyxis
6809:Planhoogenraadia
6585:
6581:
6572:
6507:
6503:
6494:
6437:
6343:
6323:
6301:
6294:
6287:
6278:
6221:Collodictyonidae
6167:Hemimastigophora
6163:
6122:
5993:
5984:
5980:
5972:
5921:Zygnematophyceae
5879:
5859:
5843:
5813:
5760:
5751:
5747:
5738:
5624:
5553:
5507:
5503:
5494:
5477:
5473:
5464:
5437:
5424:
5417:
5413:
5367:Choanoflagellata
5342:
5300:
5296:
5257:
5253:
5249:
5224:
5220:
5162:
5158:
5154:
5147:
5143:
5054:
5034:
5011:
5004:
4997:
4988:
4977:
4968:Leidy J (1879).
4964:
4955:
4930:
4920:
4875:
4874:
4856:
4850:
4849:
4831:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4814:
4805:. Archived from
4795:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4785:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4754:
4731:Genome Biol Evol
4722:
4716:
4715:
4705:
4695:
4663:
4654:
4653:
4643:
4633:
4601:
4588:
4587:
4577:
4545:
4539:
4538:
4512:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4493:
4469:
4463:
4462:
4434:
4428:
4427:
4417:
4393:
4387:
4386:
4368:
4362:Silar P (2016).
4359:
4353:
4352:
4342:
4318:
4312:
4311:
4267:
4261:
4260:
4250:
4240:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4182:Dawkins, Richard
4178:
4172:
4171:
4161:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4104:
4094:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4053:
4021:
4015:
4014:
3998:
3991:Jeon KW (1973).
3988:
3982:
3981:
3952:
3946:
3945:
3935:
3917:
3893:
3887:
3886:
3866:
3860:
3859:
3831:
3825:
3824:
3814:
3790:
3779:
3778:
3768:
3758:
3749:(11): e1001419.
3734:
3725:
3724:
3714:
3682:
3667:
3666:
3656:
3639:(9): 2258–2270.
3624:
3613:
3612:
3602:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3526:
3517:
3516:
3506:
3496:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3439:
3430:
3410:
3403:
3397:
3394:
3366:
3345:
3328:
3300:
3283:
3262:
3245:
3220:
2735:
2726:
2717:
2708:
2706:Clastodermatales
2699:
2688:
2679:
2670:
2661:
2648:
2639:
2630:
2621:
2610:
2601:
2592:
2583:
2572:
2563:
2561:Protosporangiida
2554:
2543:
2534:
2523:
2514:
2505:
2496:
2485:
2477:Kang et al. 2017
2476:
2467:
2458:
2449:
2440:
2431:
2422:
2409:
2400:
2391:
2382:
2373:
2364:
2355:
2342:
2333:
2324:
2315:
2300:
2291:
2282:
2271:
2262:
2253:
2242:
2233:
2220:
2211:
2200:
2191:
2183:Kang et al. 2017
2182:
2169:
2160:
2151:
2142:
2133:
2122:
2113:
2104:
2095:
2086:
2077:
2068:
2058:
1910:
1888:
1873:Clastodermatales
1866:
1845:Echinostelianae
1842:
1777:
1755:
1731:
1723:
1696:Protosporangiida
1674:
1664:
1615:
1605:
1529:
1507:
1485:
1463:
1453:
1395:
1385:
1375:
1347:
1271:
1243:
1215:
1169:
1159:
1149:
1073:
1051:
1029:
971:
949:
939:
929:
922:
912:
911:
748:
728:
715:
698:
685:
671:
658:
633:
616:
603:
586:
573:
563:
227:
141:
106:
105:
83:
73:
69:
62:
55:
48:
42:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
9473:
9472:
9468:
9467:
9466:
9464:
9463:
9462:
9433:
9432:
9431:
9426:
9418:
9413:
9405:
9403:
9395:
9390:
9382:
9377:
9369:
9367:
9359:
9354:
9346:
9341:
9333:
9328:
9320:
9315:
9307:
9302:
9294:
9289:
9281:
9279:
9271:
9266:
9257:
9256:
9251:
9242:
9241:
9236:
9223:
9213:
9204:
9182:
9133:Gnathostomulida
9038:Xenacoelomorpha
9004:
9000:Flowering plant
8955:Marchantiophyta
8921:
8887:Chytridiomycota
8873:
8745:
8688:
8644:Planctomycetota
8604:Gemmatimonadota
8589:Elusimicrobiota
8482:Acidobacteriota
8460:
8453:
8423:
8418:
8356:
8344:Sappinia pedata
8323:
8253:
8245:
8239:
8209:
8204:
8186:
7987:
7971:Kelleromyxaceae
7947:
7938:Stemonitidaceae
7924:
7920:Meridermataceae
7906:
7875:
7863:Echinosteliales
7854:Echinosteliidia
7848:
7826:
7825:
7809:
7786:
7768:
7764:Reticulariaceae
7737:
7707:(bright-spored)
7706:
7705:
7693:
7692:
7684:
7657:
7626:Dictyosteliales
7620:
7616:Acytosteliaceae
7597:
7572:
7571:
7565:
7556:
7540:Soliformoviidae
7525:Fractovitellida
7445:
7393:
7380:
7326:
7303:
7280:
7257:
7221:
7198:
7194:Cochliopodiidae
7175:
7166:Acanthamoebidae
7143:
7088:
7077:Cylindrothecina
7072:
7043:Cucurbitellidae
7031:
7027:Hyalospheniidae
7013:
6997:
6976:
6951:
6942:
6921:
6905:
6781:Paracentropyxis
6718:Lagenodifflugia
6575:
6566:
6562:Hartmannellidae
6538:
6534:Gephyramoebidae
6497:
6488:
6465:
6461:Microcoryciidae
6426:
6425:
6341:
6319:
6310:
6305:
6275:
6270:
6235:
6207:
6198:Ancyromonadidae
6184:
6161:
6116:
6103:
6094:Malawimonadidae
6080:
6036:
6011:
5975:
5934:
5877:
5850:
5849:
5841:
5798:
5773:
5741:
5712:
5665:
5637:
5609:
5572:
5542:
5497:
5488:
5467:
5458:
5435:
5420:
5379:
5353:
5331:
5290:
5281:
5245:
5240:
5214:
5205:
5150:
5137:
5136:
5052:
5030:
5021:
5015:
4970:"Amoeba Plates"
4967:
4958:
4941:
4938:
4933:
4909:
4888:
4884:
4882:Further reading
4879:
4878:
4871:
4858:
4857:
4853:
4846:
4833:
4832:
4821:
4812:
4810:
4799:"Entamoebiasis"
4797:
4796:
4792:
4783:
4781:
4773:
4772:
4768:
4724:
4723:
4719:
4665:
4664:
4657:
4616:(9): e0139399.
4603:
4602:
4591:
4547:
4546:
4542:
4535:
4514:
4513:
4509:
4471:
4470:
4466:
4436:
4435:
4431:
4395:
4394:
4390:
4383:
4366:
4361:
4360:
4356:
4320:
4319:
4315:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4210:
4209:
4205:
4198:
4180:
4179:
4175:
4136:(7038): 43–57.
4123:
4122:
4118:
4072:
4071:
4067:
4023:
4022:
4018:
4011:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3954:
3953:
3949:
3908:(6): e0130114.
3895:
3894:
3890:
3868:
3867:
3863:
3833:
3832:
3828:
3792:
3791:
3782:
3736:
3735:
3728:
3684:
3683:
3670:
3626:
3625:
3616:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3528:
3527:
3520:
3479:(33): 13624–9.
3466:
3465:
3461:
3437:
3432:
3431:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3413:
3404:
3400:
3395:
3391:
3386:
3379:
3367:
3358:
3346:
3337:
3329:
3320:
3301:
3292:
3284:
3275:
3263:
3254:
3246:
3237:
3221:
3212:
3142:is not needed.
3073:amoebic colitis
3042:bloody diarrhea
3011:
2851:
2816:
2760:
2686:Echinosteliales
2677:Echinostelianae
2671:Shchepin et al.
2521:Dictyosteliales
2483:Fractovitellida
2450:Lauterborn 1895
2380:Tricholimacidae
2218:Microcoryciidae
2051:
2042:
2033:
2024:
2015:
2006:
1997:
1988:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1952:
1943:
1828:
1819:
1810:
1707:
1648:
1589:
1580:
1571:
1562:
1551:Fractovitellida
1437:
1428:
1331:
1322:
1313:
1304:
1202:
1191:Microcoryciidae
1133:
1124:
1115:
1106:
1013:
1004:
907:
851:
846:
833:collodictyonids
812:
803:
794:
785:
776:
767:
758:
553:
548:
542:
398:
274:or the kingdom
225:
140:
100:
74:
72:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57:
53:
50:
46:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9471:
9469:
9461:
9460:
9455:
9453:Amorphea phyla
9450:
9445:
9435:
9434:
9428:
9427:
9425:
9424:
9411:
9401:
9388:
9375:
9365:
9352:
9339:
9326:
9313:
9300:
9287:
9277:
9264:
9249:
9233:
9231:
9225:
9224:
9219:
9210:
9209:
9206:
9205:
9198:
9196:
9193:Incertae sedis
9188:
9187:
9184:
9183:
9181:
9180:
9175:
9170:
9165:
9160:
9155:
9150:
9145:
9140:
9138:Micrognathozoa
9135:
9130:
9128:Acanthocephala
9125:
9120:
9115:
9110:
9105:
9100:
9095:
9090:
9085:
9080:
9075:
9070:
9065:
9060:
9055:
9050:
9045:
9040:
9035:
9030:
9025:
9020:
9014:
9012:
9006:
9005:
9003:
9002:
8997:
8992:
8987:
8982:
8977:
8972:
8970:Lycopodiophyta
8967:
8962:
8957:
8952:
8947:
8942:
8937:
8931:
8929:
8923:
8922:
8920:
8919:
8914:
8909:
8904:
8899:
8894:
8889:
8883:
8881:
8875:
8874:
8872:
8871:
8866:
8861:
8856:
8851:
8846:
8841:
8836:
8831:
8826:
8821:
8816:
8811:
8806:
8801:
8796:
8791:
8786:
8784:Ancyromonadida
8781:
8776:
8770:
8768:
8757:
8751:
8750:
8747:
8746:
8744:
8743:
8738:
8736:Thermoproteota
8733:
8728:
8721:
8714:
8706:
8704:
8694:
8693:
8690:
8689:
8687:
8686:
8681:
8676:
8671:
8666:
8661:
8656:
8651:
8649:Pseudomonadota
8646:
8641:
8636:
8631:
8626:
8624:Mycoplasmatota
8621:
8619:Lentisphaerota
8616:
8611:
8606:
8601:
8599:Fusobacteriota
8596:
8594:Fibrobacterota
8591:
8586:
8581:
8576:
8571:
8564:
8559:
8554:
8549:
8544:
8539:
8534:
8529:
8524:
8519:
8514:
8509:
8504:
8499:
8497:Armatimonadota
8494:
8489:
8487:Actinomycetota
8484:
8478:
8476:
8462:
8461:
8454:
8452:
8451:
8444:
8437:
8429:
8420:
8419:
8417:
8416:
8409:
8408:
8407:
8402:
8397:
8392:
8387:
8374:
8372:
8362:
8361:
8358:
8357:
8355:
8354:
8353:
8352:
8333:
8331:
8325:
8324:
8322:
8321:
8320:
8319:
8314:
8301:
8300:
8299:
8298:
8293:
8288:
8283:
8270:
8268:
8259:
8247:
8246:
8240:
8238:
8237:
8230:
8223:
8215:
8206:
8205:
8203:
8202:
8191:
8188:
8187:
8185:
8184:
8177:
8170:
8163:
8156:
8149:
8142:
8139:Schoutedamoeba
8135:
8128:
8121:
8118:Penardochlamys
8114:
8107:
8100:
8093:
8086:
8079:
8072:
8065:
8058:
8051:
8044:
8037:
8029:
8027:
8025:incertae sedis
8021:
8020:
8017:
8016:
8013:
8012:
8009:
8008:
8005:
8004:
8001:
8000:
7997:
7996:
7993:
7992:
7989:
7988:
7986:
7985:
7978:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7957:
7955:
7949:
7948:
7946:
7945:
7943:Comatrichaceae
7940:
7934:
7932:
7930:Stemonitidales
7926:
7925:
7923:
7922:
7916:
7914:
7912:Meridermatales
7908:
7907:
7905:
7904:
7898:
7896:
7887:
7881:
7880:
7877:
7876:
7874:
7873:
7867:
7865:
7856:
7850:
7849:
7847:
7846:
7840:
7838:
7829:
7819:
7818:
7815:
7814:
7811:
7810:
7808:
7807:
7802:
7796:
7794:
7788:
7787:
7785:
7784:
7778:
7776:
7770:
7769:
7767:
7766:
7760:
7758:
7756:Reticulariales
7749:
7743:
7742:
7739:
7738:
7736:
7735:
7729:
7727:
7718:
7709:
7696:
7686:
7685:
7683:
7682:
7677:
7675:Ceratiomyxidae
7671:
7669:
7663:
7662:
7659:
7658:
7656:
7655:
7648:
7645:Coremiostelium
7641:
7636:
7630:
7628:
7622:
7621:
7619:
7618:
7613:
7611:Cavenderiaceae
7607:
7605:
7603:Acytosteliales
7596:
7595:
7587:
7585:
7576:
7558:
7557:
7555:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7543:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7505:
7498:
7491:
7484:
7477:
7470:
7463:
7455:
7453:
7447:
7446:
7444:
7443:
7436:
7429:
7422:
7417:
7415:Mastigamoebida
7411:
7409:
7400:
7386:
7385:
7382:
7381:
7379:
7378:
7376:Squamamoebidae
7373:
7368:
7362:
7360:
7351:
7342:
7336:
7335:
7332:
7331:
7328:
7327:
7325:
7324:
7322:Vexilliferidae
7319:
7313:
7311:
7305:
7304:
7302:
7301:
7296:
7290:
7288:
7282:
7281:
7279:
7278:
7273:
7267:
7265:
7259:
7258:
7256:
7255:
7250:
7244:
7242:
7233:
7227:
7226:
7223:
7222:
7220:
7219:
7214:
7208:
7206:
7200:
7199:
7197:
7196:
7191:
7185:
7183:
7177:
7176:
7174:
7173:
7168:
7162:
7160:
7151:
7145:
7144:
7142:
7141:
7135:
7133:
7124:
7118:
7117:
7114:
7113:
7110:
7109:
7106:
7105:
7102:
7101:
7098:
7097:
7094:
7093:
7090:
7089:
7087:
7086:
7080:
7078:
7074:
7073:
7071:
7070:
7068:Trigonopyxidae
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7039:
7037:
7036:Sphaerothecina
7033:
7032:
7030:
7029:
7023:
7021:
7015:
7014:
7012:
7011:
7005:
7003:
6999:
6998:
6996:
6995:
6990:
6984:
6982:
6978:
6977:
6975:
6974:
6969:
6967:Lesquereusidae
6963:
6961:
6954:
6944:
6943:
6941:
6940:
6935:
6933:Phryganellidae
6929:
6927:
6923:
6922:
6920:
6919:
6913:
6911:
6907:
6906:
6904:
6903:
6896:
6889:
6882:
6875:
6868:
6861:
6854:
6847:
6840:
6837:Proplagiopyxis
6833:
6826:
6819:
6812:
6805:
6798:
6791:
6784:
6777:
6770:
6763:
6756:
6749:
6742:
6735:
6732:Lamptoquadrula
6728:
6721:
6714:
6707:
6700:
6693:
6690:Geoplagiopyxis
6686:
6679:
6672:
6665:
6658:
6655:Ellipsopyxella
6651:
6644:
6637:
6630:
6623:
6616:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6593:
6591:
6589:incertae sedis
6582:
6568:
6567:
6565:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6548:
6546:
6540:
6539:
6537:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6515:
6513:
6504:
6490:
6489:
6487:
6486:
6481:
6479:Echinamoebidae
6475:
6473:
6467:
6466:
6464:
6463:
6458:
6457:
6456:
6445:
6443:
6434:
6428:
6427:
6424:
6423:
6422:
6421:
6420:
6419:
6416:Mesomycetozoea
6413:
6408:
6398:
6388:
6387:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6365:
6364:
6352:Diaphoretickes
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6316:
6315:
6312:
6311:
6306:
6304:
6303:
6296:
6289:
6281:
6272:
6271:
6269:
6268:
6262:
6255:
6251:excluded from
6244:
6241:
6240:
6237:
6236:
6234:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6217:
6215:
6209:
6208:
6206:
6205:
6203:Planomonadidae
6200:
6194:
6192:
6190:Ancyromonadida
6186:
6185:
6183:
6182:
6180:Paramastigidae
6177:
6171:
6169:
6160:
6159:
6152:
6146:
6140:
6132:
6125:
6123:
6119:Incertae sedis
6113:
6112:
6109:
6108:
6105:
6104:
6102:
6101:
6096:
6090:
6088:
6082:
6081:
6079:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6050:
6048:
6042:
6041:
6038:
6037:
6035:
6034:
6027:
6021:
6019:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6009:
6002:
5996:
5990:
5981:
5968:
5967:
5964:
5963:
5960:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5952:
5951:
5948:
5947:
5944:
5943:
5940:
5939:
5936:
5935:
5933:
5932:
5924:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5895:
5887:
5885:
5876:
5875:
5868:
5862:
5860:
5840:
5839:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5816:
5810:
5808:Archaeplastida
5804:
5803:
5800:
5799:
5797:
5796:
5791:
5783:
5781:
5775:
5774:
5772:
5771:
5763:
5757:
5748:
5734:
5733:
5730:
5729:
5726:
5725:
5722:
5721:
5718:
5717:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5710:
5705:
5698:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5675:
5673:
5667:
5666:
5664:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5647:
5645:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5635:
5627:
5621:
5615:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5607:
5602:
5599:Dinoflagellata
5595:
5593:Chrompodellida
5590:
5582:
5580:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5570:
5563:
5556:
5550:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5540:
5533:
5526:
5521:
5515:
5513:
5504:
5490:
5489:
5487:
5486:
5480:
5474:
5460:
5459:
5457:
5456:
5451:
5445:
5443:
5434:
5433:
5427:
5425:
5422:Diaphoretickes
5409:
5408:
5405:
5404:
5401:
5400:
5397:
5396:
5393:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5369:
5363:
5361:
5355:
5354:
5352:
5351:
5345:
5339:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5311:
5303:
5297:
5287:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5279:
5271:
5265:
5263:
5250:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5238:
5233:
5227:
5221:
5211:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5181:
5176:
5170:
5168:
5155:
5139:
5138:
5135:
5134:
5133:
5132:
5131:
5130:
5127:Mesomycetozoea
5124:
5119:
5109:
5099:
5098:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5076:
5075:
5063:Diaphoretickes
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5027:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5020:classification
5016:
5014:
5013:
5006:
4999:
4991:
4985:
4984:
4978:
4965:
4956:
4937:
4936:External links
4934:
4932:
4931:
4907:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4869:
4851:
4844:
4819:
4803:mesh.kib.ki.se
4790:
4766:
4717:
4655:
4589:
4540:
4533:
4507:
4464:
4445:(3): 209–238.
4429:
4388:
4381:
4354:
4313:
4262:
4203:
4197:978-0544859937
4196:
4173:
4116:
4065:
4016:
4009:
3983:
3964:(3): 1038–42.
3947:
3888:
3877:(4): 338–348.
3861:
3826:
3780:
3726:
3668:
3614:
3564:
3518:
3459:
3448:(3): 409–429.
3421:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3398:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3368:
3361:
3359:
3347:
3340:
3338:
3330:
3323:
3321:
3302:
3295:
3293:
3285:
3278:
3276:
3264:
3257:
3255:
3247:
3240:
3238:
3225:Amoeba proteus
3222:
3215:
3211:
3208:
3199:E. moshkovskii
3184:E. histolytica
3176:Entamoeba coli
3168:E. histolytica
3147:E. histolytica
3140:E. histolytica
3120:dehydroemetine
3046:severe colitis
3034:abdominal pain
3010:
3007:
2988:E. histolytica
2957:E. histolytica
2937:E. histolytica
2850:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2815:
2812:
2768:Neoproterozoic
2759:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2729:
2720:
2715:Meridermatales
2711:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2673:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2642:
2633:
2628:Reticulariales
2615:
2614:
2613:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2566:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2517:
2512:Acytosteliales
2490:
2489:
2488:
2479:
2470:
2461:
2456:Phalansteriida
2452:
2443:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2403:
2394:
2385:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2294:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2214:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2163:
2154:
2145:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2116:
2107:
2089:
2080:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1895:Meridermatales
1891:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1869:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1850:Echinosteliida
1846:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1780:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1762:Reticulariales
1758:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1735:
1729:
1727:
1721:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1677:
1672:
1670:
1662:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1637:Dictyosteliida
1633:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1622:Acytosteliales
1618:
1613:
1611:
1603:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1532:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1510:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1488:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1470:Phalansteriida
1466:
1461:
1459:
1451:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1383:
1381:
1373:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1353:
1345:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1241:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1221:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1157:
1155:
1147:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1001:
1000:
997:
996:
989:
986:
985:
982:
981:
974:
969:
967:
964:
963:
960:
959:
952:
947:
945:
937:
935:
927:
925:
920:
917:
916:
906:
903:
878:Cavalier-Smith
850:
847:
825:Diaphoretickes
809:
808:
805:
804:
800:
799:
796:
795:
791:
790:
787:
786:
782:
781:
778:
777:
773:
772:
769:
768:
764:
763:
760:
759:
755:
754:
751:
750:
738:
735:
734:
731:
730:
718:
713:
711:
705:
704:
701:
700:
688:
683:
681:
678:
677:
674:
673:
661:
656:
654:
648:
647:
644:
643:
636:
631:
629:
623:
622:
619:
618:
606:
601:
599:
593:
592:
589:
588:
576:
571:
569:
561:
552:
549:
541:
540:Classification
538:
397:
394:
389:Fuligo septica
372:model organism
366:Amoeba proteus
335:and the genus
231:
230:
229:
228:
217:
216:
210:
209:
208:
207:
206:
205:
204:
203:
198:
193:
183:
173:
168:
160:
159:
155:
154:
150:Cavalier-Smith
135:
131:
130:
125:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
94:
93:
85:
84:
76:
75:
65:
58:
51:
44:
43:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9470:
9459:
9456:
9454:
9451:
9449:
9446:
9444:
9441:
9440:
9438:
9421:
9416:
9412:
9408:
9402:
9398:
9393:
9389:
9385:
9380:
9376:
9372:
9366:
9362:
9357:
9353:
9349:
9344:
9340:
9336:
9331:
9327:
9323:
9318:
9314:
9310:
9305:
9301:
9297:
9292:
9288:
9284:
9278:
9274:
9269:
9265:
9260:
9254:
9250:
9245:
9239:
9235:
9234:
9232:
9230:
9226:
9222:
9217:
9203:
9202:
9197:
9195:
9194:
9189:
9179:
9176:
9174:
9171:
9169:
9166:
9164:
9161:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9151:
9149:
9146:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9134:
9131:
9129:
9126:
9124:
9121:
9119:
9116:
9114:
9111:
9109:
9106:
9104:
9101:
9099:
9096:
9094:
9091:
9089:
9086:
9084:
9081:
9079:
9076:
9074:
9071:
9069:
9066:
9064:
9061:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9051:
9049:
9046:
9044:
9041:
9039:
9036:
9034:
9031:
9029:
9026:
9024:
9021:
9019:
9016:
9015:
9013:
9011:
9007:
9001:
8998:
8996:
8993:
8991:
8988:
8986:
8983:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8973:
8971:
8968:
8966:
8963:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8953:
8951:
8948:
8946:
8943:
8941:
8938:
8936:
8933:
8932:
8930:
8928:
8924:
8918:
8917:Basidiomycota
8915:
8913:
8910:
8908:
8905:
8903:
8902:Glomeromycota
8900:
8898:
8895:
8893:
8890:
8888:
8885:
8884:
8882:
8880:
8876:
8870:
8867:
8865:
8864:Stramenopiles
8862:
8860:
8857:
8855:
8852:
8850:
8847:
8845:
8842:
8840:
8837:
8835:
8832:
8830:
8827:
8825:
8822:
8820:
8817:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8805:
8802:
8800:
8797:
8795:
8792:
8790:
8789:Apusomonadida
8787:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8772:
8771:
8769:
8766:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8752:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8734:
8732:
8729:
8726:
8725:Nanoarchaeota
8722:
8719:
8715:
8712:
8711:Euryarchaeota
8708:
8707:
8705:
8703:
8699:
8695:
8685:
8682:
8680:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8660:
8659:Spirochaetota
8657:
8655:
8654:Rhodothermota
8652:
8650:
8647:
8645:
8642:
8640:
8637:
8635:
8632:
8630:
8627:
8625:
8622:
8620:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8600:
8597:
8595:
8592:
8590:
8587:
8585:
8584:Dictyoglomota
8582:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8569:
8568:Cyanobacteria
8565:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8557:Chrysiogenota
8555:
8553:
8552:Chloroflexota
8550:
8548:
8545:
8543:
8540:
8538:
8535:
8533:
8532:Calditrichota
8530:
8528:
8527:Caldisericota
8525:
8523:
8520:
8518:
8515:
8513:
8510:
8508:
8505:
8503:
8502:Atribacterota
8500:
8498:
8495:
8493:
8490:
8488:
8485:
8483:
8480:
8479:
8477:
8475:
8471:
8467:
8463:
8458:
8450:
8445:
8443:
8438:
8436:
8431:
8430:
8427:
8415:
8414:
8410:
8406:
8403:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8383:
8382:
8381:
8380:
8376:
8375:
8373:
8371:
8367:
8363:
8351:
8348:
8347:
8346:
8345:
8340:
8339:
8335:
8334:
8332:
8330:
8326:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8309:
8308:
8307:
8303:
8302:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8284:
8282:
8279:
8278:
8277:
8276:
8272:
8271:
8269:
8267:
8266:Centramoebida
8263:
8260:
8257:
8252:
8248:
8243:
8236:
8231:
8229:
8224:
8222:
8217:
8216:
8213:
8201:
8193:
8192:
8189:
8183:
8182:
8178:
8176:
8175:
8171:
8169:
8168:
8164:
8162:
8161:
8157:
8155:
8154:
8150:
8148:
8147:
8143:
8141:
8140:
8136:
8134:
8133:
8129:
8127:
8126:
8122:
8120:
8119:
8115:
8113:
8112:
8108:
8106:
8105:
8104:Oscillosignum
8101:
8099:
8098:
8094:
8092:
8091:
8087:
8085:
8084:
8083:Malpighamoeba
8080:
8078:
8077:
8073:
8071:
8070:
8066:
8064:
8063:
8059:
8057:
8056:
8052:
8050:
8049:
8045:
8043:
8042:
8038:
8036:
8035:
8031:
8030:
8028:
8026:
8022:
7984:
7983:
7979:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7958:
7956:
7954:
7950:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7935:
7933:
7931:
7927:
7921:
7918:
7917:
7915:
7913:
7909:
7903:
7900:
7899:
7897:
7895:
7891:
7888:
7886:
7882:
7872:
7869:
7868:
7866:
7864:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7851:
7845:
7842:
7841:
7839:
7837:
7833:
7830:
7827:(dark-spored)
7824:
7820:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7800:Dianemataceae
7798:
7797:
7795:
7793:
7789:
7783:
7780:
7779:
7777:
7775:
7771:
7765:
7762:
7761:
7759:
7757:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7744:
7734:
7733:Cribrariaceae
7731:
7730:
7728:
7726:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7713:
7710:
7704:
7700:
7697:
7694:(Myxomycetes)
7691:
7687:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7673:
7672:
7670:
7668:
7664:
7654:
7653:
7649:
7647:
7646:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7631:
7629:
7627:
7623:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7608:
7606:
7604:
7600:
7594:
7593:
7589:
7588:
7586:
7584:
7580:
7577:
7569:
7563:
7559:
7553:
7552:Holomastigida
7550:
7548:
7545:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7527:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7520:Protosteliida
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7510:
7509:Phalansterium
7506:
7504:
7503:
7499:
7497:
7496:
7492:
7490:
7489:
7485:
7483:
7482:
7478:
7476:
7475:
7474:Darbyshirella
7471:
7469:
7468:
7464:
7462:
7461:
7457:
7456:
7454:
7452:
7448:
7442:
7441:
7437:
7435:
7434:
7430:
7428:
7427:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7412:
7410:
7408:
7404:
7401:
7397:
7391:
7387:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7371:Sapocribridae
7369:
7367:
7364:
7363:
7361:
7359:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7337:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7315:
7314:
7312:
7310:
7309:Dactylopodida
7306:
7300:
7299:Discamoebidae
7297:
7295:
7292:
7291:
7289:
7287:
7283:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7271:Dermamoebidae
7269:
7268:
7266:
7264:
7260:
7254:
7253:Thecamoebidae
7251:
7249:
7248:Stenamoebidae
7246:
7245:
7243:
7241:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7228:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7209:
7207:
7205:
7201:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7189:Parvamoebidae
7187:
7186:
7184:
7182:
7181:Himatismenida
7178:
7172:
7171:Balamuthiidae
7169:
7167:
7164:
7163:
7161:
7159:
7158:Acanthopodida
7155:
7152:
7150:
7146:
7140:
7139:Stygamoebidae
7137:
7136:
7134:
7132:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7119:
7085:
7082:
7081:
7079:
7075:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7040:
7038:
7034:
7028:
7025:
7024:
7022:
7020:
7016:
7010:
7007:
7006:
7004:
7000:
6994:
6993:Plagiopyxidae
6991:
6989:
6988:Centropyxidae
6986:
6985:
6983:
6979:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6964:
6962:
6958:
6955:
6949:
6945:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6930:
6928:
6926:Phryganellina
6924:
6918:
6915:
6914:
6912:
6908:
6902:
6901:
6897:
6895:
6894:
6890:
6888:
6887:
6886:Suiadifflugia
6883:
6881:
6880:
6876:
6874:
6873:
6869:
6867:
6866:
6862:
6860:
6859:
6855:
6853:
6852:
6848:
6846:
6845:
6841:
6839:
6838:
6834:
6832:
6831:
6827:
6825:
6824:
6820:
6818:
6817:
6813:
6811:
6810:
6806:
6804:
6803:
6799:
6797:
6796:
6792:
6790:
6789:
6785:
6783:
6782:
6778:
6776:
6775:
6771:
6769:
6768:
6764:
6762:
6761:
6760:Microquadrula
6757:
6755:
6754:
6753:Meisterfeldia
6750:
6748:
6747:
6743:
6741:
6740:
6736:
6734:
6733:
6729:
6727:
6726:
6722:
6720:
6719:
6715:
6713:
6712:
6708:
6706:
6705:
6701:
6699:
6698:
6694:
6692:
6691:
6687:
6685:
6684:
6680:
6678:
6677:
6673:
6671:
6670:
6666:
6664:
6663:
6659:
6657:
6656:
6652:
6650:
6649:
6645:
6643:
6642:
6638:
6636:
6635:
6631:
6629:
6628:
6624:
6622:
6621:
6617:
6615:
6614:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6594:
6592:
6590:
6586:
6583:
6579:
6573:
6569:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6552:Nolandellidae
6550:
6549:
6547:
6545:
6541:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6529:Flabellulidae
6527:
6525:
6524:Rhizamoebidae
6522:
6520:
6517:
6516:
6514:
6512:
6508:
6505:
6501:
6495:
6491:
6485:
6484:Vermamoebidae
6482:
6480:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6472:
6471:Echinamoebida
6468:
6462:
6459:
6455:
6452:
6451:
6450:
6447:
6446:
6444:
6442:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6429:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6403:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6393:
6392:
6389:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6379:Stramenopiles
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6363:
6360:
6359:
6358:
6355:
6354:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6342:(major groups
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6322:
6318:
6317:
6313:
6309:
6302:
6297:
6295:
6290:
6288:
6283:
6282:
6279:
6266:
6263:
6260:
6256:
6254:
6250:
6247:Âątraditional
6246:
6245:
6242:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6226:Mantamonadida
6224:
6222:
6219:
6218:
6216:
6214:
6210:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6195:
6193:
6191:
6187:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6172:
6170:
6168:
6164:
6158:
6157:
6153:
6151:
6147:
6145:
6141:
6139:
6138:
6133:
6131:
6127:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6120:
6114:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6091:
6089:
6087:
6083:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6056:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6047:
6043:
6033:
6032:
6028:
6026:
6025:Heterolobosea
6023:
6022:
6020:
6018:
6017:Discicristata
6014:
6008:
6007:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5997:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5985:
5982:
5978:
5973:
5969:
5930:
5929:
5925:
5923:
5922:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5900:
5896:
5894:
5893:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5884:
5880:
5874:
5873:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5863:
5861:
5857:
5856:
5848:
5847:Viridiplantae
5844:
5838:
5837:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5817:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5805:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5789:
5785:
5784:
5782:
5780:
5776:
5770:
5769:
5768:Microheliella
5765:
5764:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5752:
5749:
5745:
5739:
5735:
5709:
5708:Actinophryida
5706:
5704:
5703:
5699:
5697:
5696:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5676:
5674:
5672:
5668:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5648:
5646:
5644:
5640:
5634:
5633:
5629:
5628:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5619:Stramenopiles
5616:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5600:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5588:
5584:
5583:
5581:
5579:
5575:
5569:
5568:
5564:
5561:
5558:
5557:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5545:
5539:
5538:
5534:
5532:
5531:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5512:
5508:
5505:
5501:
5495:
5491:
5485:
5482:
5481:
5478:
5475:
5471:
5465:
5461:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5444:
5442:
5438:
5432:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5418:
5414:
5410:
5375:
5374:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5364:
5362:
5360:
5356:
5350:
5347:
5346:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5334:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5322:Ichthyosporea
5320:
5318:
5317:
5312:
5310:
5309:
5305:
5304:
5301:
5298:
5294:
5288:
5277:
5276:
5272:
5270:
5269:Rotosphaerida
5267:
5266:
5264:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5251:
5248:
5243:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5231:Apusomonadida
5229:
5228:
5225:
5222:
5218:
5212:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5186:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5167:
5163:
5159:
5156:
5153:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5114:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5103:
5100:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5090:Stramenopiles
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5069:
5066:
5065:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5053:(major groups
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5033:
5029:
5028:
5024:
5019:
5012:
5007:
5005:
5000:
4998:
4993:
4992:
4989:
4982:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4966:
4962:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4942:Pawlowski J.
4940:
4939:
4935:
4928:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4910:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4887:
4886:
4881:
4872:
4866:
4862:
4855:
4852:
4847:
4841:
4837:
4830:
4828:
4826:
4824:
4820:
4809:on 2015-07-22
4808:
4804:
4800:
4794:
4791:
4780:
4776:
4770:
4767:
4762:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4732:
4728:
4721:
4718:
4713:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4678:(9): e74465.
4677:
4673:
4669:
4662:
4660:
4656:
4651:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4607:
4600:
4598:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4585:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4544:
4541:
4536:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4511:
4508:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4484:: 1060–1456.
4483:
4479:
4475:
4468:
4465:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4433:
4430:
4425:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4392:
4389:
4384:
4378:
4374:
4373:
4365:
4358:
4355:
4350:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4317:
4314:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4278:(6): 551–62.
4277:
4273:
4266:
4263:
4258:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4223:(7): E693–9.
4222:
4218:
4214:
4207:
4204:
4199:
4193:
4189:
4188:
4183:
4177:
4174:
4169:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4120:
4117:
4112:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4085:(1): 125853.
4084:
4080:
4076:
4069:
4066:
4061:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4020:
4017:
4012:
4006:
4002:
3997:
3996:
3987:
3984:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3951:
3948:
3943:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3892:
3889:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3865:
3862:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3842:(2): 87–126.
3841:
3837:
3830:
3827:
3822:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3776:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3733:
3731:
3727:
3722:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3697:(5): 429–93.
3696:
3692:
3688:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3669:
3664:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3615:
3610:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3568:
3565:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3537:(3): 203–66.
3536:
3532:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3514:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3463:
3460:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3416:
3408:
3402:
3399:
3393:
3390:
3383:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3365:
3360:
3356:
3353:sp. (Conosa:
3352:
3351:
3344:
3339:
3335:
3334:
3327:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3299:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3282:
3277:
3273:
3270:sp. (Lobosa:
3269:
3268:
3261:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3244:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3226:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3182:in 1997 that
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3132:iodoquinoline
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3108:metronidazole
3105:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3008:
3006:
3004:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2967:
2966:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2848:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2765:
2758:Fossil record
2757:
2736:Macbride 1922
2734:
2730:
2727:Macbride 1922
2725:
2721:
2718:Leontyev 2015
2716:
2712:
2709:Leontyev 2015
2707:
2703:
2702:
2700:Leontyev 2015
2698:
2694:
2687:
2683:
2682:
2680:Leontyev 2015
2678:
2674:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2649:Macbride 1922
2647:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2631:Leontyev 2015
2629:
2625:
2624:
2622:Leontyev 2015
2620:
2616:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2602:Leontyev 2015
2600:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2571:
2570:Ceratiomyxida
2567:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2542:
2541:Protosteliida
2538:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2522:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2447:Holomastigida
2444:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2395:
2390:
2386:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2270:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2241:
2240:Echinamoebida
2237:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2168:
2167:Dactylopodida
2164:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2111:Himatismenida
2108:
2103:
2102:Centramoebida
2099:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2046:
2045:
2037:
2036:
2028:
2027:
2019:
2018:
2010:
2009:
2001:
2000:
1992:
1991:
1983:
1982:
1974:
1973:
1965:
1964:
1956:
1955:
1947:
1946:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1861:Stemonitanae
1860:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1844:
1843:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1823:
1822:
1814:
1813:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1734:Cribrarianae
1733:
1732:
1725:
1724:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1702:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1681:Ceratiomyxida
1676:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1584:
1583:
1575:
1574:
1566:
1565:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1432:
1431:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1326:
1325:
1317:
1316:
1308:
1307:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1225:Echinamoebida
1220:
1217:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1128:
1127:
1119:
1118:
1110:
1109:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1095:Dactylopodida
1090:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1008:
1007:
999:
998:
995:
994:
993:Himatismenida
988:
987:
984:
983:
980:
979:
978:Himatismenida
973:
972:
966:
965:
962:
961:
958:
957:
956:Centramoebida
951:
950:
944:
941:
940:
934:
931:
930:
924:
923:
919:
918:
914:
913:
910:
904:
902:
900:
896:
890:
888:
884:
879:
874:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
848:
845:
840:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
817:
807:
806:
798:
797:
789:
788:
780:
779:
771:
770:
762:
761:
753:
752:
749:
747:
743:
737:
736:
733:
732:
729:
727:
723:
717:
716:
710:
707:
706:
703:
702:
699:
697:
693:
692:Apusomonadida
687:
686:
680:
679:
676:
675:
672:
670:
666:
660:
659:
653:
650:
649:
646:
645:
642:
641:
635:
634:
628:
625:
624:
621:
620:
617:
615:
611:
605:
604:
598:
595:
594:
591:
590:
587:
585:
581:
575:
574:
568:
565:
564:
560:
558:
550:
547:
539:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
471:
467:
462:
461:
459:
454:
453:
448:
444:
440:
436:
435:Cochliopodium
432:
428:
427:
421:
419:
415:
407:
402:
395:
393:
391:
390:
385:
381:
378:amoebae like
377:
376:Multinucleate
373:
369:
367:
361:
359:
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
339:
334:
333:
328:
327:
322:
321:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
270:
266:
262:
259:
258:mitochondrial
255:
252:
248:
245:
241:
237:
224:
221:
220:
218:
215:
211:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
188:
187:
184:
182:
179:
178:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
163:
161:
156:
151:
148:
144:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
104:
99:
95:
92:
91:
86:
82:
77:
70:
63:
56:
49:
41:800–0 Ma
33:
30:
19:
9228:
9199:
9191:
9113:Orthonectida
9108:Gastrotricha
9083:Nematomorpha
9058:Chaetognatha
9048:Hemichordate
8975:Pteridophyta
8844:Malawimonada
8778:
8718:Korarchaeota
8679:Thermotogota
8664:Synergistota
8639:Nitrospirota
8634:Nitrospinota
8579:Deinococcota
8512:Bacteroidota
8411:
8377:
8342:
8336:
8304:
8275:Acanthamoeba
8273:
8241:
8179:
8172:
8167:Triaenamoeba
8165:
8158:
8151:
8144:
8137:
8130:
8123:
8116:
8109:
8102:
8095:
8090:Microcorycia
8088:
8081:
8074:
8067:
8060:
8053:
8046:
8039:
8034:Belonocystis
8032:
8024:
7982:Tasmaniomyxa
7980:
7885:Stemonitidia
7725:Cribrariales
7650:
7643:
7590:
7583:Dictyostelia
7547:Cavosteliida
7530:Acramoebidae
7507:
7500:
7493:
7486:
7479:
7472:
7465:
7458:
7438:
7431:
7424:
7420:Pelobiontida
7366:Idionectidae
7358:Squamocutida
7317:Paramoebidae
7276:Mayorellidae
7263:Dermamoebida
7240:Thecamoebida
7149:Centramoebia
7131:Stygamoebida
7053:Lamtopyxidae
7009:Heleoperidae
6981:Excentrosoma
6972:Difflugiidae
6960:Longithecina
6910:Organoconcha
6898:
6893:Trigonopyxis
6891:
6884:
6879:Sexangularia
6877:
6872:Schoenbornia
6870:
6865:Pseudonebela
6863:
6856:
6849:
6842:
6835:
6828:
6823:Pontigulasia
6821:
6814:
6807:
6800:
6793:
6788:Paraquadrula
6786:
6779:
6772:
6765:
6758:
6751:
6744:
6739:Leptochlamys
6737:
6730:
6723:
6716:
6709:
6704:Hoogenraadia
6702:
6695:
6688:
6683:Geamphorella
6681:
6674:
6667:
6662:Ellipsopyxis
6660:
6653:
6646:
6641:Conicocassis
6639:
6632:
6625:
6618:
6611:
6607:Shamkiriidae
6588:
6519:Leptomyxidae
6401:Opisthokonta
6307:
6264:
6259:paraphyletic
6154:
6135:
6117:
6086:Malawimonada
6066:Anaeromonada
6061:Anaeramoebae
6053:
6029:
6006:Tsukubamonas
6004:
5926:
5919:
5910:Charophyceae
5897:
5890:
5883:Streptophyta
5870:
5854:
5834:
5830:Rhodelphidia
5788:Palpitomonas
5786:
5766:
5755:Pancryptista
5700:
5693:
5630:
5597:
5585:
5565:
5535:
5530:Foraminifera
5528:
5371:
5314:
5308:Tunicaraptor
5306:
5273:
5247:Opisthokonta
5183:
5165:
5112:Opisthokonta
4973:
4952:the original
4947:
4890:
4860:
4854:
4835:
4811:. Retrieved
4807:the original
4802:
4793:
4782:. Retrieved
4778:
4769:
4734:
4730:
4720:
4675:
4671:
4613:
4609:
4560:(4): 193–5.
4557:
4553:
4543:
4516:
4510:
4501:11336/151990
4481:
4477:
4467:
4442:
4438:
4432:
4405:
4401:
4391:
4371:
4357:
4330:
4326:
4316:
4275:
4271:
4265:
4220:
4216:
4206:
4186:
4176:
4133:
4129:
4119:
4082:
4078:
4068:
4033:
4029:
4019:
3994:
3986:
3961:
3957:
3950:
3905:
3901:
3891:
3874:
3870:
3864:
3839:
3835:
3829:
3802:
3798:
3746:
3743:PLOS Biology
3742:
3694:
3690:
3636:
3632:
3585:(1): 4–119.
3582:
3578:
3567:
3534:
3530:
3476:
3472:
3462:
3445:
3441:
3401:
3392:
3376:Dictyostelia
3369:
3348:
3331:
3303:
3286:
3267:Acanthamoeba
3265:
3248:
3223:
3203:
3197:
3193:
3187:
3183:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3144:
3139:
3135:
3116:nitazoxanide
3101:
3084:
3066:
3050:tissue death
3023:
3017:
3012:
3009:Human health
3002:
3000:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2963:
2962:Studies of
2961:
2956:
2936:
2930:
2916:
2912:Acanthamoeba
2911:
2905:
2875:
2856:Acanthamoeba
2854:
2852:
2840:
2833:
2828:Acanthamoeba
2826:
2819:
2805:
2801:
2792:, which are
2783:
2777:
2771:
2764:microfossils
2762:Vase-shaped
2761:
2724:Stemonitales
2697:Stemonitanae
2666:Order ?
2608:Cribrariales
2599:Cribrarianae
2503:Dictyostelea
2459:Hibberd 1983
2445:Order ?
2436:Order ?
2418:Infraphylum
2407:Pelobiontida
2392:Calkins 1926
2389:Endamoebidae
2360:Infraphylum
2340:Squamocutida
2231:Echinamoebia
2212:Moebius 1889
2149:Dermamoebida
2140:Thecamoebida
2093:Centramoebia
2084:Stygamoebida
2082:Order ?
2075:Stereomyxida
2073:Order ?
2056:
1930:
1917:Stemonitales
1915:
1893:
1871:
1848:
1797:
1782:
1760:
1739:Cribrariales
1737:
1694:
1679:
1635:
1620:
1609:Dictyostelea
1549:
1534:
1512:
1490:
1468:
1417:Pelobiontida
1415:
1400:
1357:Squamocutida
1355:
1291:
1276:
1251:
1223:
1219:Echinamoebia
1189:
1174:
1093:
1078:
1058:Dermamoebida
1056:
1036:Thecamoebida
1034:
991:
976:
954:
943:Centramoebia
908:
898:
894:
891:
875:
863:percolozoans
852:
829:malawimonids
816:Opisthokonts
813:
740:
720:
709:Opisthokonta
690:
663:
639:
638:
608:
578:
557:sister group
554:
526:mitochondria
522:opisthokonts
499:
466:phagocytosis
463:
456:
450:
439:Korotnevella
430:
424:
422:
411:
405:
387:
383:
379:
364:
362:
355:
336:
330:
324:
318:
299:Opisthokonta
288:monophyletic
256:and tubular
235:
234:
146:
137:
121:
88:
29:
9343:iNaturalist
9253:Wikispecies
9168:Brachiopoda
9143:Cycliophora
9088:Onychophora
9063:Kinorhyncha
8985:Ginkgophyta
8980:Cycadophyta
8945:Chlorophyta
8935:Glaucophyta
8629:Myxococcota
8547:Chlorobiota
8542:Chlamydiota
8370:Archamoebae
8329:Flabellinia
8256:free-living
8153:Subulamoeba
8132:Rhabdamoeba
8097:Microglomus
8062:Gibbodiscus
8055:Corallomyxa
7976:Physaraceae
7966:Didymiaceae
7805:Trichiaceae
7716:Cribariidia
7690:Myxogastria
7568:Eumycetozoa
7515:Flamellidae
7488:Ischnamoeba
7481:Dictyamoeba
7467:Arboramoeba
7460:Angulamoeba
7440:Rhizomastix
7426:Tricholimax
7407:Archamoebea
7294:Vannellidae
7231:Flabellinia
7058:Netzeliidae
6830:Prantlitina
6725:Lamptopyxis
6669:Erugomicula
6648:Cornuapyxis
6578:Arcellinida
6511:Leptomyxida
6150:Chitinozoan
6076:Parabasalia
5928:Embryophyta
5892:Chlorokybus
5872:Chlorophyta
5820:Glaucophyta
5794:Cryptophyta
5684:Pirsoniales
5651:Bicosoecida
5632:Platysulcus
5605:Perkinsozoa
5587:Apicomplexa
5560:Colponemida
5327:Pluriformea
5196:Archamoebea
5185:Eumycetozoa
4333:: 275–296.
3805:: 293–304.
3407:Eumycetozoa
3355:Myxogastria
3317:Archamoebae
3309:trophozoite
3124:chloroquine
3058:peritonitis
3054:perforation
2984:E. invadens
2976:trophozoite
2973:uninucleate
2947:-dependent
2941:presynaptic
2923:recombinase
2802:P. athanata
2790:arcellinids
2695:Superorder
2689:Martin 1961
2675:Superorder
2617:Superorder
2611:Macbr. 1922
2597:Superorder
2581:Myxomycetes
2532:Protostelea
2492:Superclass
2465:Ramamoebida
2438:Flamellidae
2420:Semiconosia
2398:Entamoebida
2371:Archamoebea
2362:Archamoebae
2298:Arcellinida
2269:Leptomyxida
2131:Flabellinia
1750:Trichianae
1717:Myxomycetes
1658:Myxogastria
1599:Eumycetozoa
1514:Ramamoebida
1492:Flamellidae
1447:Semiconosia
1402:Entamoebida
1389:Archamoebea
1379:Archamoebae
1293:Arcellinida
1253:Leptomyxida
1023:Flabellinia
534:Archamoebae
514:Archamoebae
506:microtubule
491:Arcellinida
483:Mixotrophic
443:Arcellinida
418:pseudopodia
358:slime molds
238:is a major
223:Eumycetozoa
201:Archamoebea
196:Eumycetozoa
54:Proterozoic
9437:Categories
9201:Parakaryon
9163:Entoprocta
9098:Arthropoda
9093:Tardigrada
9073:Priapulida
9068:Loricifera
9053:Echinoderm
9023:Ctenophora
8995:Gnetophyta
8950:Charophyta
8940:Rhodophyta
8912:Ascomycota
8907:Zygomycota
8849:Metamonada
8824:Euglenozoa
8809:Ciliophora
8517:Balneolota
8492:Aquificota
8385:Amoebiasis
8242:Amoebozoal
8160:Thecochaos
8146:Stereomyxa
8069:Hartmannia
7953:Physarales
7792:Trichiales
7747:Trichiidia
7652:Synstelium
7495:Heliamoeba
7286:Vannellida
7217:Goceviidae
7212:Pellitidae
7063:Arcellidae
7002:Volnustoma
6900:Wailesella
6816:Pomoriella
6802:Physochila
6795:Pentagonia
6767:Nabranella
6697:Geopyxella
6676:Frenopyxis
6544:Euamoebida
6449:Trichosida
6231:Rigifilida
6130:Acritarchs
6055:Barthelona
6046:Metamonada
6031:Euglenozoa
5899:Mesostigma
5855:sensu lato
5836:Rhodophyta
5695:Ochrophyta
5656:Placidozoa
5567:Ciliophora
5537:Radiolaria
5454:Haptophyta
5349:Filasterea
5261:Holomycota
4813:2015-07-21
4784:2015-07-21
4478:Mycosphere
3836:BioSystems
3417:References
3350:Stemonitis
3288:Thecamoeba
3112:tinidazole
3104:sanitation
3014:Amoebiasis
2970:tetraploid
2953:base pairs
2872:eukaryotes
2870:of sexual
2733:Physarales
2646:Trichiales
2619:Trichianae
2474:Profiliida
2351:Subphylum
2289:Euamoebida
2260:Leptomyxia
2209:Trichosida
2158:Vannellida
2078:Grell 1971
1932:Physarales
1536:Profiliida
1278:Euamoebida
1247:Leptomyxia
1176:Trichosida
1080:Vannellida
871:eukaryotic
842:See also:
821:basal body
396:Morphology
280:supergroup
254:pseudopods
18:Amoebozoan
9448:Amoeboids
9443:Amoebozoa
9273:Amoebozoa
9259:Amoebozoa
9229:Amoebozoa
9118:Dicyemida
8990:Pinophyta
8869:Telonemia
8804:Cryptista
8794:Breviatea
8779:Amoebozoa
8774:Alveolata
8755:Eukaryote
8507:Bacillota
8111:Parmulina
8076:Malamoeba
7782:Liceaceae
7502:Filamoeba
7433:Entamoeba
7204:Pellitida
6746:Maghrebia
6634:Armipyxis
6557:Amoebidae
6441:Corycidia
6432:Tubulinea
6396:Amoebozoa
6374:Alveolata
6362:Cryptista
6337:Eukaryota
6308:Amoebozoa
6071:Fornicata
5977:Excavates
5779:Cryptista
5702:Oomycetes
5679:Developea
5661:Sagenista
5548:Alveolata
5484:Telonemia
5359:Choanozoa
5236:Breviatea
5179:Tubulinea
5166:Amoebozoa
5107:Amoebozoa
5085:Alveolata
5073:Cryptista
5048:Eukaryota
5018:Eukaryote
4981:Amoebozoa
4459:108783142
4439:Phytotaxa
4408:: 41–51.
3924:1932-6203
3405:The term
3374:(Conosa:
3234:Tubulinea
3194:Entamoeba
3189:E. dispar
3174:existed (
3172:Entamoeba
3155:E. dispar
3151:E. dispar
3136:Entamoeba
3085:Entamoeba
3038:diarrhoea
3019:Entamoeba
3003:Amoebozoa
2992:Entamoeba
2864:orthologs
2842:Endolimax
2798:Tubulinea
2657:Subclass
2640:Jahn 1928
2588:Subclass
2494:Mycetozoa
2301:Kent 1880
2280:Eulobosia
2278:Subclass
2258:Subclass
2198:Corycidia
2189:Tubulinea
2123:Page 1987
2120:Pellitida
2114:Page 1987
1799:Trichiida
1265:Eulobosia
1163:Corycidia
1153:Tubulinea
887:Mycetozoa
859:Rhizopoda
640:Amoebozoa
495:Mayorella
487:Chlorella
479:sporangia
458:Difflugia
414:endoplasm
406:Mayorella
351:symbionts
347:parasites
326:Entamoeba
240:taxonomic
236:Amoebozoa
166:Tubulinea
138:Amoebozoa
115:Eukaryota
35:Amoebozoa
9317:Fungorum
9280:BioLib:
9238:Wikidata
9178:Annelida
9173:Mollusca
9153:Phoronid
9148:Nemertea
9123:Rotifera
9103:Flatworm
9078:Nematoda
9043:Chordate
9033:Cnidaria
9028:Placozoa
8859:Rhizaria
8834:Haptista
8814:Cercozoa
8474:Bacteria
8244:diseases
8181:Zonomyxa
8041:Boveella
7774:Liceales
7592:Coenonia
7451:Variosea
7122:Discosea
6627:Argynnia
6620:Apolimia
6613:Acipyxis
6391:Amorphea
6369:Rhizaria
6357:Hacrobia
6347:Excavata
6332:Bacteria
6253:protists
6249:kingdoms
6137:Grypania
6099:Imasidae
6000:Jakobida
5524:Endomyxa
5519:Cercozoa
5511:Rhizaria
5441:Haptista
5373:Animalia
5316:Bicellum
5191:Variosea
5174:Discosea
5152:Amorphea
5102:Amorphea
5080:Rhizaria
5068:Hacrobia
5058:Excavata
5043:Bacteria
4927:23494299
4761:30380054
4712:24098652
4672:PLOS ONE
4650:26422142
4610:PLOS ONE
4584:25800982
4424:26826602
4349:27001604
4308:28992966
4257:25646484
4168:15875012
4111:35030517
4060:33536497
4036:(2865).
3978:12026071
3942:26068874
3902:PLOS ONE
3821:25150787
3775:23139639
3721:23020233
3663:28505375
3609:30257078
3513:21810989
3272:Discosea
3030:symptoms
2895:, Mnd1,
2637:Liceales
2429:Variosea
2066:Discosea
1457:Variosea
933:Discosea
742:Animalia
665:Breviata
627:Amorphea
580:Loukozoa
530:cristae.
502:flagella
470:vacuoles
384:Pelomyxa
343:flagella
332:Pelomyxa
315:Amorphea
313:, named
276:Protozoa
272:Protista
247:protists
244:amoeboid
214:Synonyms
191:Variosea
171:Discosea
134:Phylum:
128:Amorphea
111:Domain:
9407:4934417
9384:1064655
9335:7509337
9296:2915041
9244:Q473809
9158:Bryozoa
8854:Provora
8829:Jakobea
8819:Discoba
8765:Protist
8702:Archaea
8455:Extant
8251:Lobosea
8048:Biomyxa
7349:Cutosea
6774:Oopyxis
6500:Elardia
6406:Animals
6327:Archaea
5988:Discoba
5853:Plants
5825:Picozoa
5671:Gyrista
5578:Myzozoa
5431:Provora
5337:Filozoa
5293:Holozoa
5201:Cutosea
5117:Animals
5038:Archaea
4918:4037983
4752:6263441
4703:3787063
4680:Bibcode
4641:4589404
4618:Bibcode
4575:4530557
4300:8995052
4280:Bibcode
4248:4343179
4225:Bibcode
4159:1352341
4138:Bibcode
4102:9148389
4079:Protist
4051:7859197
3933:5159126
3856:6395918
3766:3491025
3712:3483872
3654:5850466
3600:6492006
3559:6557779
3551:9809012
3504:3158185
3481:Bibcode
3250:Arcella
3210:Gallery
3036:, mild
2868:meiosis
2849:Meiosis
2807:Arcella
2387:Family
2378:Family
2331:Cutosea
2251:Elardia
2216:Family
1784:Liceida
1351:Cutosea
1341:Evosida
1237:Elardia
855:Lobosea
837:Diphoda
597:Podiata
567:Opimoda
524:. The
518:gametes
510:mitosis
452:Arcella
307:animals
269:kingdom
261:cristae
181:Cutosea
145:, 1913
61:Archean
9420:391848
9404:uBio:
9397:212578
9368:NZOR:
9361:554915
9348:372735
9309:1AMOEP
9018:Sponge
9010:Animal
8366:Conosa
7396:Conosa
7340:Evosea
6711:Jungia
6384:Plants
6321:Domain
6261:groups
5643:Bigyra
5217:Obazoa
5095:Plants
5032:Domain
4925:
4915:
4905:
4867:
4842:
4759:
4749:
4710:
4700:
4648:
4638:
4582:
4572:
4531:
4457:
4422:
4379:
4347:
4306:
4298:
4255:
4245:
4194:
4166:
4156:
4130:Nature
4109:
4099:
4058:
4048:
4007:
3976:
3940:
3930:
3922:
3854:
3819:
3773:
3763:
3719:
3709:
3661:
3651:
3607:
3597:
3557:
3549:
3511:
3501:
3313:Conosa
3230:Lobosa
3062:anemia
3001:Since
2939:forms
2860:genome
2782:, and
2731:Order
2722:Order
2713:Order
2704:Order
2684:Order
2644:Order
2635:Order
2626:Order
2606:Order
2579:Class
2568:Order
2559:Order
2550:Class
2539:Order
2530:Class
2519:Order
2510:Order
2501:Class
2481:Order
2472:Order
2463:Order
2454:Order
2427:Class
2405:Order
2396:Order
2369:Class
2353:Conosa
2338:Order
2329:Class
2322:Cutosa
2320:Clade
2313:Evosea
2311:Clade
2296:Order
2287:Order
2267:Order
2249:Class
2238:Order
2229:Class
2207:Order
2196:Class
2187:Clade
2180:Tevosa
2178:Clade
2165:Order
2156:Order
2147:Order
2138:Order
2129:Class
2118:Order
2109:Order
2100:Order
2091:Class
2064:Clade
1369:Conosa
1143:Tevosa
895:Amoeba
883:Conosa
652:Obazoa
426:Amoeba
338:Amoeba
265:phylum
251:lobose
186:Conosa
176:Evosea
152:, 1998
147:emend.
9415:WoRMS
9322:90876
9283:14811
8927:Plant
8879:Fungi
8799:CRuMs
6411:Fungi
6213:CRuMs
5275:Fungi
5122:Fungi
4455:S2CID
4367:(PDF)
4304:S2CID
3555:S2CID
3438:(PDF)
3384:Notes
3081:Liver
3048:with
2893:Rad52
2889:Rad51
2885:Rad50
2881:Mre11
2877:Spo11
722:Fungi
610:CRuMs
475:cysts
447:tests
431:Chaos
380:Chaos
320:Chaos
311:taxon
303:fungi
291:clade
122:Clade
9356:NCBI
9330:GBIF
9304:EPPO
8965:Moss
8457:life
8174:Unda
6265:bold
5470:TSAR
4923:PMID
4903:ISBN
4865:ISBN
4840:ISBN
4757:PMID
4708:PMID
4646:PMID
4580:PMID
4529:ISBN
4420:PMID
4377:ISBN
4345:PMID
4296:PMID
4253:PMID
4192:ISBN
4164:PMID
4107:PMID
4056:PMID
4005:ISBN
3974:PMID
3938:PMID
3920:ISSN
3852:PMID
3817:PMID
3771:PMID
3717:PMID
3659:PMID
3605:PMID
3547:PMID
3509:PMID
3202:and
3162:and
3052:and
2927:Dmc1
2904:and
2897:Dmc1
867:rRNA
831:and
493:and
437:and
429:and
382:and
305:and
143:LĂĽhe
68:Had.
47:Pha.
9291:EoL
9268:AFD
5744:CAM
5500:SAR
4913:PMC
4895:doi
4747:PMC
4739:doi
4698:PMC
4688:doi
4636:PMC
4626:doi
4570:PMC
4562:doi
4558:109
4521:doi
4496:hdl
4486:doi
4447:doi
4443:399
4410:doi
4335:doi
4288:doi
4243:PMC
4233:doi
4221:112
4154:PMC
4146:doi
4134:435
4097:PMC
4087:doi
4083:173
4046:PMC
4038:doi
4001:100
3966:doi
3928:PMC
3910:doi
3879:doi
3844:doi
3807:doi
3761:PMC
3751:doi
3707:PMC
3699:doi
3649:PMC
3641:doi
3595:PMC
3587:doi
3539:doi
3499:PMC
3489:doi
3477:108
3450:doi
3180:WHO
3130:or
3122:or
3071:or
3044:or
2945:ATP
2907:Mlh
2901:Msh
460:.
349:or
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