4026:
356:
154:
133:
431:
2418:
Morlo, Michael; Bastl, Katharina; Habersetzer, Jörg; Engel, Thomas; Lischewsky, Bastian; Lutz, Herbert; von Berg, Axel; Rabenstein, Renate; Nagel, Doris (3 September 2019). "The apex of amphicyonid hypercarnivory: solving the riddle of
Agnotherium antiquum Kaup, 1833 (Mammalia, Carnivora)".
2374:
Morlo, Michael; Bastl, Katharina; Habersetzer, Jörg; Engel, Thomas; Lischewsky, Bastian; Lutz, Herbert; von Berg, Axel; Rabenstein, Renate; Nagel, Doris (3 September 2019). "The apex of amphicyonid hypercarnivory: solving the riddle of
Agnotherium antiquum Kaup, 1833 (Mammalia, Carnivora)".
374:), based on morphological analysis of the ear region. However, cladistic analysis and reclassification of several species of early carnivore as amphicyonids has strongly suggested that they may be basal caniforms, from lineages older than the origin of both bears and dogs.
530:
teeth, the only functional cheek teeth being several milk premolars. This period was suggested to be "presumably short" but would have made it very difficult for the animal to process food. This type of tooth replacement is not seen in similar carnivorans like
2956:
Grohé, Camille; de Bonis, Louis; Chaimanee, Yaowalak; Chavasseau, Olivier; Rugbumrung, Mana; Yamee, Chotima; Suraprasit, Kantapon; Gibert, Corentin; Surault, Jérôme; Blondel, Cécile; Jaeger, Jean-Jacques (2020).
483:
Amphicyonids began to decline in the late
Miocene, and disappeared by the end of the epoch. The exact reasons for this are unclear. The most recent known amphicyonid remains are teeth known from the
366:
The family was erected by
Haeckel in 1866 (also attributed to Trouessart 1885). Their exact position has long been disputed. Some early paleontologists defined them as members of the family
2959:"The Late Middle Miocene Mae Moh Basin of Northern Thailand: The Richest Neogene Assemblage of Carnivora from Southeast Asia and a Paleobiogeographic Analysis of Miocene Asian Carnivorans"
3097:"Description of a new species of Cynodictis Bravard & Pomel, 1850 (Carnivora, Mammalia) from the Quercy Phosphorites with comments on the use of skull morphology for phylogenetics"
2339:
Stéphane Peigné (2006). "A new amphicyonid (Mammalia, Carnivora, Amphicyonidae) from the late middle
Miocene of northern Thailand and a review of the amphicyonine record in Asia".
2683:"On the morphology of the astragalus and calcaneus of the amphicyonids (Carnivora, Mammalia) from the Paleogene of Europe: implications for the ecology of the European bear-dogs"
382:
Amphicyonids ranged in size from as small as 5 kg (11 lb) and as large as 100 to 773 kg (220 to 1,704 lb) and evolved from wolf-like to bear-like body forms.
2879:
Wang, Xiaoming; Hong-jiang, Wang; Jiangzuo, Qigao (2016). "New record of a haplocyonine amphicyonid in early
Miocene of Nei Mongol fills a long-suspected geographic hiatus".
2797:
Solé, Floréal; Fischer, Valentin; Denayer, Julien; Speijer, Robert P.; Fournier, Morgane; Le Verger, Kévin; Ladevèze, Sandrine; Folie, Annelise; Smith, Thierry (2020).
414:
There is often some confusion with the similar looking (and similarly named) "dog-bears", a more derived group of caniforms that is sometimes classified as a family (
4128:
471:, respectively). As these are of North American origin, but appear to be early amphicyonids, it may be that the Amphicyonidae actually originates in North America.
3274:
3071:
522:
all show an unusual type of tooth eruption in which there is a vulnerable stage at about two or three years of age where the subadult animal has no functional
2620:
2312:
Sehgal, R. K. and A. C. Nanda (2002). "Age of the fossiliferous
Siwalik sediments exposed in the vicinity of Nurpur, District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh".
2264:
Jacobs, Louis L. Jacobs; Scott, Kathleen Marie: Evolution of
Tertiary Mammals of North America: Terrestrial carnivores, Cambridge University Press, 1998
3350:
Fejfar, O.; Heizmann, E. (October 2015). "An illustrated summary of the lower
Miocene carnivores (Mammalia, Carnivora) of Tuchořice, Czech Republic".
4115:
3260:"The taxonomic status of "Ysengrinia" ginsburgi Morales et al. 1998 (Amphicyonidae, Carnivora) from the basal middle Miocene of Arrisdrift, Namibia"
3057:"The taxonomic status of "Ysengrinia" ginsburgi Morales et al. 1998 (Amphicyonidae, Carnivora) from the basal middle Miocene of Arrisdrift, Namibia"
2145:
343:
at the end of the
Miocene in Africa. They were among the first carnivorans to evolve large body size. Amphicyonids are colloquially referred to as "
2273:
Wang, Xiaoming and Tedford, Richard H. Dogs: Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History. New York: Columbia University Press, 2008. p10-11, 29
3415:
2510:
gen. et sp. nov., a chimerical amphicyonid (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the late Miocene carnivore traps of Cerro de los Batallones (Madrid, Spain)"
2078:"Whence the beardogs? Reappraisal of the Middle to Late Eocene 'Miacis' from Texas, USA, and the origin of Amphicyonidae (Mammalia, Carnivora)"
2296:
441:
It has long been uncertain where amphicyonids originated. It was thought that they may have crossed from Europe to North America during the
4202:
4197:
3127:
2123:
2982:
2284:
4192:
2003:
2567:
4207:
4025:
370:, but the modern consensus is that they form their own family. Some researchers have defined it as the sister clade to ursids (
3196:
2560:"Evolution of large carnivores during the mid-Cenozoic of North America: The Temnocyonine Radiation (Mammalia, Amphicyonidae)"
2052:
4187:
2637:
Berger, Jean-Pierre (June 1998). "'Rochette' (Upper Oligocene, Swiss Molasse): a strange example of a fossil assemblage".
3259:
3056:
2935:
2722:
Ginsburg, Léonard (2002). "Un Amphicyonidae (Carnivora, Mammalia) nouveau du Miocène moyen de Vieux-Collonges (Rhône)".
153:
3389:
Whence the beardogs? Reappraisal of the Middle to Late Eocene 'Miacis' from Texas, US, and the origin of Amphicyonidae
3408:
2900:"Systematics of African Amphicyonidae, with descriptions of new material from Napak (Uganda) and Grillental (Namibia)"
2681:
Fournier, Morgane; Ladevèze, Sadrine; Le Verger, Kévin; Fischer, Valentin; Speijer, Robert P.; Solé, Floréal (2020).
2289:
Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America, volume 1: Terrestrial carnivores, ungulates, and ungulatelike mammals
2799:"The upper Eocene-Oligocene carnivorous mammals from the Quercy Phosphorites (France) housed in Belgian collections"
2840:"New genus of amphicyonid carnivoran (Mammalia, Carnivora, Amphicyonidae) from the phosphorites of Quercy (France)"
2209:
Morlo, Michael; Miller, Ellen R.; El-Barkooky, Ahmed N. (2007). "Creodonta and Carnivora from Wadi Moghra, Egypt".
3300:"The Amphicyoninae (Amphicyonidae, Carnivora, Mammalia) Of The Early Miocene From Tuchořice, The Czech Republic"
2589:
2032:
3329:
2537:
2222:
2590:"A new Thaumastocyoninae (Amphicyonidae, Carnivora) from the early Miocene of Tuchořice, the Czech Republic"
2160:
2146:"Global Climate and the Evolution of Large Mammalian Carnivores during the Later Cenozoic in North America"
4182:
4045:
3401:
2172:
4154:
2469:(Carnivora, Amphicyonidae, Haplocyoninae) from northern China and a review of Aktaucyonini evolution".
339:(23 mya). They had largely disappeared worldwide by the late Miocene (5 mya), with the latest recorded
4102:
3164:
2761:
2750:"A New Amphicyonine (Carnivora: Amphicyonidae) from the Upper Miocene of Batallones-1, Madrid, Spain"
2646:
2428:
2384:
2348:
2089:
3988:
3856:
3600:
1897:
795:
565:
355:
272:
3707:
3644:
1206:
953:
4083:
3728:
3593:
3551:
3367:
3321:
3240:
3188:
3119:
3032:
2974:
2861:
2820:
2779:
2704:
2612:
2529:
2486:
2444:
2400:
2321:
2234:
2183:
2164:
2044:
1285:
779:
693:
484:
302:
148:
3981:
3749:
3714:
3572:
3565:
1881:
1317:
1222:
718:
395:
posture and locomotion (walking on their toes), while many of the later and larger species were
4159:
3974:
3930:
3865:
3693:
3686:
3672:
3586:
1865:
1772:
1452:
1158:
1126:
760:
4141:
3995:
3951:
3180:
3024:
2927:
2292:
2226:
2115:
2036:
1999:
1918:
1592:
589:
282:
31:
4146:
4133:
3388:
3153:"Amphicyon zhanxiangi, sp. nov., a new amphicyonid (Mammalia, Carnivora) from northern China"
3096:
2251:
Sorkin, B. 2008: A biomechanical constraint on body mass in terrestrial mammalian predators.
2077:
3821:
3359:
3311:
3230:
3172:
3111:
3016:
2966:
2919:
2911:
2851:
2810:
2769:
2694:
2654:
2604:
2521:
2478:
2436:
2392:
2356:
2218:
2156:
2105:
2097:
2028:
298:
35:
3784:
2958:
2195:
1401:
30:
This article is about the extinct family of mammals. For the breeds of domestic dog, see
3168:
2765:
2650:
2432:
2388:
2352:
2093:
3916:
3893:
3886:
3770:
3523:
3461:
2110:
1725:
1556:
1530:
609:
467:
404:
2658:
2559:
2021:"Small Oligocene Amphicyonids from North America (Paradaphoenus, Mammalia, Carnivora)"
4176:
3907:
3621:
3579:
3558:
3325:
3244:
3123:
2978:
2865:
2824:
2774:
2749:
2708:
2616:
2588:
Morales, J.; Fejfar, O.; Heizmann, E.; Wagner, J.; Valenciano, A.; Bella, J. (2019).
2533:
2490:
2448:
2404:
2048:
734:
709:
581:
559:
523:
408:
316:
277:
262:
246:
82:
3371:
3192:
3115:
3036:
3004:
2783:
2699:
2682:
2238:
2168:
3828:
3814:
3425:
3235:
3218:
1618:
1576:
918:
434:
419:
415:
39:
3363:
3176:
2525:
2440:
2396:
2020:
2360:
4077:
3960:
3835:
3805:
3791:
3763:
3742:
3700:
3679:
3544:
3537:
3516:
3152:
1833:
1634:
1432:
1385:
1301:
1190:
1142:
677:
656:
600:
573:
512:
506:
461:
396:
392:
387:
267:
57:
132:
4002:
3967:
3777:
3721:
3665:
3651:
3607:
3530:
2899:
1934:
1849:
1359:
1238:
1061:
969:
811:
630:
527:
518:
445:
epoch, but recent research suggests a possible North American origin from the
312:
215:
102:
67:
4068:
3184:
3028:
2931:
2230:
2040:
3937:
3923:
3879:
3842:
3637:
3467:
3455:
1788:
1751:
1675:
1504:
1174:
847:
497:
476:
400:
305:
205:
165:
107:
2119:
430:
17:
3219:"Middle Miocene Carnivora and Hyaenodonta from Fort Ternan, western Kenya"
2915:
2748:
Peign, Stphane; Salesa, Manuel J.; Antn, Mauricio; Morales, Jorge (2008).
4094:
4062:
3872:
3756:
3630:
3443:
3393:
3316:
2856:
2839:
2815:
2798:
2608:
1468:
1333:
831:
488:
446:
309:
185:
97:
92:
77:
72:
62:
3020:
2923:
2325:
2101:
4120:
3735:
3658:
2465:
Jiangzuo, Q.; Wang, S.; et al. (September 2019). "New material of
2287:. In Janis, Christine M.; Scott, Kathleen M.; Jacobs, Louis L. (eds.).
1259:
985:
539:, and may have been one factor in the extinction of the Amphicyonidae.
532:
442:
367:
340:
336:
295:
123:
112:
87:
3151:
Jiangzuo, Qigao; Li, Chunxiao; Wang, Shiqi; Sun, Danhui (2018-11-02).
2482:
3449:
3437:
536:
332:
324:
320:
195:
175:
119:
4039:
3299:
2505:
2291:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 196–227.
2970:
474:
Other New World amphicyonids include the oldest known amphicyonid,
457:
429:
354:
418:), but is more often considered a primitive subfamily of ursids (
4107:
371:
328:
4043:
3480:
3397:
3298:
Morales; Fejfar; Heizmann; Wagner; Valenciano; Abella (2021).
3095:
Le Verger, Kévin; Solé, Floréal; Ladevèze, Sandrine (2020).
2033:
10.1206/0003-0082(2001)331<0001:SOAFNA>2.0.CO;2
2898:
Morales, Jorge; Pickford, M.; Valenciano, Alberto (2016).
491:, dating to 7.4-5.3 mya. The species is classically named
2223:
10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[145:CACFWM]2.0.CO;2
3005:"The last amphicyonid (Mammalia, Carnivora) in Africa"
2161:
10.1206/0003-0090(2004)285<0139:C>2.0.CO;2
1996:
Dogs; their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History
495:, which may actually be synonymous with a species of
3948:
3904:
3853:
3802:
3618:
3495:
4052:
3947:
3903:
3852:
3801:
3617:
3493:
327:by the late Eocene (35 mya), and further spread to
3267:Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia
3064:Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia
2504:Morales, J.; Abella, J.; et al. (May 2021).
3050:
3048:
3046:
1994:Wang, Xiaoming and Richard H. Tedford (2008).
3409:
1998:. Columbia University Press. pp. 10–11.
8:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2564:Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences
2071:
2069:
766:(Possible affinities with the Haplocyoninae)
2460:
2458:
2076:Tomiya, Susumu; Tseng, Zhijie Jack (2016).
4040:
3508:
3504:
3490:
3477:
3416:
3402:
3394:
3003:Werdelin, Lars; Simpson, Scott W. (2009).
399:or semiplantigrade. The amphicyonids were
131:
46:
3315:
3258:Morales, Jorge; Pickford, Martin (2022).
3234:
3055:Morales, Jorge; Pickford, Martin (2022).
2855:
2814:
2773:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2698:
2109:
2341:Thailand Journal of Asian Earth Sciences
551:
1983:
2191:
2181:
2153:Cenozoic Carnivores and Global Climate
2639:Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
7:
1989:
1987:
2514:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
3157:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2421:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2377:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2211:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
25:
4024:
2775:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00788.x
2626:from the original on 2022-08-14.
403:, unlike the Canidae, which are
152:
3332:from the original on 2023-04-18
3280:from the original on 2023-04-05
3199:from the original on 2023-12-19
3133:from the original on 2023-09-04
3116:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a16
3077:from the original on 2023-04-05
2985:from the original on 2023-05-26
2938:from the original on 2022-11-27
2700:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a18
2570:from the original on 2023-03-26
2540:from the original on 2023-04-06
2126:from the original on 2016-10-14
2055:from the original on 2023-09-04
3236:10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a6
1:
3364:10.1080/08912963.2015.1029923
3177:10.1080/02724634.2018.1539857
2659:10.1016/S0034-6667(97)00071-7
2526:10.1080/14772019.2021.1910868
2441:10.1080/02724634.2019.1705848
2397:10.1080/02724634.2019.1705848
2361:10.1016/j.jseaes.2004.11.003
2144:Hunt, Robert M. Jr. (2004).
2019:Hunt Jr., Robert M. (2001).
555:Not assigned to a subfamily
385:Early amphicyonids, such as
27:Extinct family of carnivores
4203:Prehistoric mammal families
4198:Taxa named by Ernst Haeckel
3287:– via Google Scholar.
3084:– via Google Scholar.
2558:Hunt, Robert (2011-01-01).
323:(around 45 mya), spread to
4224:
2904:Journal of Iberian Geology
2082:Royal Society Open Science
29:
4022:
3511:
3507:
3489:
3476:
3432:
2963:American Museum Novitates
2025:American Museum Novitates
315:. They first appeared in
259:
254:
149:Scientific classification
147:
139:
130:
49:
4193:Eocene first appearances
2838:de Bonis, Louis (2020).
2283:Hunt, R. M. Jr. (1998).
3217:Werdelin, Lars (2019).
2471:Papers in Palaeontology
2255:, Vol. 41, pp. 333–347.
493:Arctamphicyon lydekkeri
4208:Taxa described in 1886
2881:Vertebrata PalAsiatica
438:
363:
4155:Paleobiology Database
2916:10.13039/501100003329
433:
358:
38:. For dog bears, see
4188:Pliocene extinctions
3317:10.37520/fi.2021.011
2857:10.37520/fi.2020.013
2816:10.20341/gb.2020.006
2609:10.2478/if-2019-0025
2155:. pp. 139–285.
548:Family Amphicyonidae
504:Fossils of juvenile
456:(now renamed as the
3169:2018JVPal..38E9857J
3021:10.5252/g2009n4a775
2766:2008Palgy..51..943P
2651:1998RPaPa.101...95B
2433:2019JVPal..39E5848M
2389:2019JVPal..39E5848M
2353:2006JAESc..26..519P
2102:10.1098/rsos.160518
2094:2016RSOS....360518T
401:obligate carnivores
3352:Historical Biology
1372:P. steinheimensis?
487:horizon, northern
439:
364:
4170:
4169:
4142:Open Tree of Life
4046:Taxon identifiers
4037:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4020:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4012:
4011:
3952:Thaumastocyoninae
2803:Geologica Belgica
2508:Ammitocyon kainos
2483:10.1002/spp2.1283
2298:978-0-521-35519-3
2178:on July 20, 2007.
1975:
1974:
1688:D. hartshornianus
1593:Brachyrhynchocyon
1460:A. brachifacialis
685:G. sinoamericanus
590:Thaumastocyoninae
308:belonging to the
289:
288:
283:Thaumastocyoninae
250:
32:Karelian Bear Dog
16:(Redirected from
4215:
4163:
4162:
4150:
4149:
4137:
4136:
4124:
4123:
4111:
4110:
4098:
4097:
4088:
4087:
4086:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4041:
4028:
3950:
3906:
3855:
3822:Brachyrhyncocyon
3804:
3620:
3509:
3505:
3497:
3491:
3478:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3395:
3376:
3375:
3358:(1–2): 316–329.
3347:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3319:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3279:
3264:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3238:
3229:(sp1): 267–283.
3214:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3132:
3101:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3076:
3061:
3052:
3041:
3040:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2859:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2818:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2777:
2745:
2732:
2731:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2702:
2678:
2663:
2662:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2603:(3–4): 397–411.
2594:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2462:
2453:
2452:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2265:
2262:
2256:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2193:
2189:
2187:
2179:
2177:
2171:. Archived from
2150:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2113:
2073:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2016:
2010:
2009:
1991:
1075:C. compressidens
925:A. palaeindicus?
767:
621:Miacis australis
585:(North America)
577:(North America)
552:
437:of Amphicyonidae
361:Amphicyon ingens
245:
240:
227:
157:
156:
135:
117:
53:Temporal range:
47:
36:Tahltan Bear Dog
21:
4223:
4222:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4158:
4153:
4145:
4140:
4132:
4127:
4119:
4114:
4106:
4101:
4093:
4091:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4067:
4066:
4061:
4048:
4038:
4029:
4008:
3943:
3899:
3848:
3797:
3785:Pseudocyonopsis
3613:
3501:
3485:
3472:
3428:
3422:
3385:
3380:
3379:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3335:
3333:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3262:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3202:
3200:
3163:(6): e1539857.
3150:
3149:
3145:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3110:(16): 239–255.
3099:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3059:
3054:
3053:
3044:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2988:
2986:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2941:
2939:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2747:
2746:
2735:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2693:(18): 305–325.
2680:
2679:
2666:
2645:(1–4): 95–110.
2636:
2635:
2631:
2623:
2592:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2573:
2571:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2543:
2541:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2464:
2463:
2456:
2427:(5): e1705848.
2417:
2416:
2412:
2383:(5): e1705848.
2373:
2372:
2368:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2314:Current Science
2311:
2310:
2306:
2299:
2285:"Amphicyonidae"
2282:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2259:
2250:
2246:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2190:
2180:
2175:
2148:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2129:
2127:
2075:
2074:
2067:
2058:
2056:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2006:
1993:
1992:
1985:
1980:
1698:D. nebrascensis
1481:G. macrognathus
1402:Pseudocyonopsis
1367:P. sansaniensis
1214:J. pontignensis
1106:C. longirostris
993:C. caroniavorus
940:A. ulungurensis
900:A. laugnacensis
765:
668:Miacis cognitus
584:
576:
568:
545:
450:Miacis cognitus
428:
405:hypercarnivores
380:
359:Restoration of
353:
280:
275:
270:
265:
244:
238:
225:
151:
126:
116:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
54:
51:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4221:
4219:
4211:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4175:
4174:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4151:
4138:
4125:
4112:
4099:
4089:
4074:
4058:
4056:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4035:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4006:
3999:
3992:
3985:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3956:
3954:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3941:
3934:
3927:
3920:
3917:Delotrochanter
3912:
3910:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3894:Haplocyonopsis
3890:
3887:Haplocyonoides
3883:
3876:
3869:
3861:
3859:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3810:
3808:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3788:
3781:
3774:
3771:Pseudamphicyon
3767:
3760:
3753:
3746:
3739:
3732:
3725:
3718:
3711:
3704:
3697:
3690:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3662:
3655:
3648:
3641:
3634:
3626:
3624:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3534:
3527:
3524:Angelarctocyon
3520:
3512:
3502:
3494:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3464:
3462:Amphicyonoidea
3458:
3452:
3446:
3440:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3384:
3383:External links
3381:
3378:
3377:
3342:
3310:(1): 126–144.
3304:Fossil Imprint
3290:
3250:
3209:
3143:
3087:
3042:
3015:(4): 775–787.
2995:
2971:10.1206/3952.1
2965:(3952): 1–57.
2948:
2910:(2): 131–150.
2890:
2871:
2850:(1): 201–208.
2844:Fossil Imprint
2830:
2789:
2760:(4): 943–965.
2733:
2714:
2664:
2629:
2597:Fossil Imprint
2580:
2550:
2520:(5): 393–415.
2496:
2477:(1): 307–327.
2454:
2410:
2366:
2347:(5): 519–532.
2331:
2320:(4): 392–395.
2304:
2297:
2275:
2266:
2257:
2244:
2217:(1): 145–159.
2201:
2192:|journal=
2136:
2088:(10): 160518.
2065:
2027:(3331): 1–20.
2011:
2004:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1726:Delotrochanter
1719:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1708:D. transversus
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1657:D. periculosus
1654:
1649:
1647:D. notionastes
1644:
1642:D. falkenbachi
1630:
1629:
1628:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1605:B. intermedius
1602:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1584:A. brachykolos
1570:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1557:Haplocyonopsis
1552:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1531:Haplocyonoides
1526:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1517:H. dombrowskii
1514:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1251:M. castellanus
1248:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1096:C. intermedius
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1071:
1069:C. cayluxensis
1057:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
981:
980:
979:
965:
964:
963:
949:
948:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
912:
907:
902:
897:
895:A. lactorensis
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
860:A. carnutense?
857:
843:
842:
841:
825:
824:
823:
822:
821:
819:V. chinjiensis
807:
806:
805:
791:
790:
789:
775:
774:
773:
756:
755:
754:
749:
744:
730:
729:
728:
714:
705:
704:
703:
689:
688:
687:
673:
672:
671:
652:
651:
650:
645:
643:B. palaeolycos
640:
626:
625:
624:
610:Angelarctocyon
605:
593:
592:
586:
578:
570:
562:
556:
544:
543:Classification
541:
468:Angelarctocyon
427:
424:
409:mesocarnivores
391:, possessed a
379:
376:
352:
349:
319:in the middle
287:
286:
257:
256:
252:
251:
236:
232:
231:
229:Amphicyonoidea
223:
219:
218:
213:
209:
208:
203:
199:
198:
193:
189:
188:
183:
179:
178:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
145:
144:
137:
136:
128:
127:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
55:
52:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4220:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4183:Amphicyonidae
4181:
4180:
4178:
4161:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4090:
4085:
4084:Amphicyonidae
4079:
4075:
4070:
4064:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4054:Amphicyonidae
4051:
4047:
4042:
4027:
4005:
4004:
4000:
3998:
3997:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3989:Thaumastocyon
3986:
3984:
3983:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3946:
3940:
3939:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3908:Temnocyoninae
3902:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3857:Haplocyoninae
3851:
3845:
3844:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3654:
3653:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3622:Amphicyoninae
3616:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3601:Symplectocyon
3598:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3580:Paradaphoenus
3577:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3559:Harpagophagus
3556:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3513:
3510:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3499:Amphicyonidae
3492:
3488:
3484:
3483:Amphicyonidae
3479:
3475:
3469:
3466:Superfamily:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3445:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3434:
3431:
3427:
3419:
3414:
3412:
3407:
3405:
3400:
3399:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3346:
3343:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3294:
3291:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3251:
3246:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3223:Geodiversitas
3220:
3213:
3210:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3147:
3144:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3104:Geodiversitas
3098:
3091:
3088:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3009:Geodiversitas
3006:
2999:
2996:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2952:
2949:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2894:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2875:
2872:
2867:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2834:
2831:
2826:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2809:(1–2): 1–16.
2808:
2804:
2800:
2793:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2754:Palaeontology
2751:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2729:
2726:(in French).
2725:
2718:
2715:
2710:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2687:Geodiversitas
2684:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2633:
2630:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2591:
2584:
2581:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2554:
2551:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2509:
2500:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2414:
2411:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2370:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2335:
2332:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2305:
2300:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2279:
2276:
2270:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2205:
2202:
2197:
2185:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2137:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2015:
2012:
2007:
2005:9780231135283
2001:
1997:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1966:
1965:Y. valentiana
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1943:Y. americanus
1940:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1905:T. bourgeoisi
1903:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1898:Thaumastocyon
1894:
1890:
1889:P. felinoides
1887:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1873:C. intermedia
1871:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1811:T. macrogenys
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1764:M. obtusidens
1762:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1565:
1564:H. crassidens
1562:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1424:P. quercensis
1422:
1420:
1419:P. landesquei
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1346:P. ossifragus
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1134:D. schlosseri
1132:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1048:C. schlosseri
1046:
1044:
1043:C. rugosidens
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1023:C. lemanensis
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
998:C. crassidens
996:
994:
991:
990:
989:
988:
987:
982:
978:
975:
974:
973:
972:
971:
966:
962:
959:
958:
957:
956:
955:
950:
946:
945:A. zhanxiangi
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
930:A. pannonicus
928:
926:
923:
920:
916:
913:
911:
910:A. lyddekeri?
908:
906:
905:A. longiramus
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
880:A. giganteus?
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
852:
851:
850:
849:
844:
840:
837:
836:
835:
834:
833:
828:
827:
826:
820:
817:
816:
815:
814:
813:
808:
804:
803:S. praecursor
801:
800:
799:
798:
797:
796:Symplectocyon
792:
788:
785:
784:
783:
782:
781:
776:
772:
769:
768:
764:
763:
762:
757:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
742:P. cuspigerus
740:
739:
738:
737:
736:
735:Paradaphoenus
731:
727:
724:
723:
722:
721:
720:
715:
713:
712:
711:
710:Harpagophagus
706:
702:
701:H. inusitatus
699:
698:
697:
696:
695:
690:
686:
683:
682:
681:
680:
679:
674:
669:
665:
662:
661:
660:
659:
658:
653:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
635:
634:
633:
632:
627:
622:
618:
615:
614:
613:
612:
611:
606:
604:
603:
602:
597:
596:
595:
594:
591:
587:
583:
582:Temnocyoninae
579:
575:
571:
567:
566:Haplocyoninae
563:
561:
560:Amphicyoninae
557:
554:
553:
550:
549:
542:
540:
538:
534:
529:
525:
521:
520:
515:
514:
509:
508:
502:
500:
499:
494:
490:
486:
481:
480:(37–16 Mya).
479:
478:
472:
470:
469:
464:
463:
459:
455:
451:
448:
444:
436:
432:
425:
423:
421:
417:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
389:
383:
377:
375:
373:
369:
362:
357:
350:
348:
346:
342:
338:
335:by the early
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
317:North America
314:
311:
307:
304:
300:
297:
293:
292:Amphicyonidae
285:
284:
279:
278:Temnocyoninae
274:
273:Haplocyoninae
269:
264:
263:Amphicyoninae
258:
253:
248:
243:
242:Amphicyonidae
237:
234:
233:
230:
224:
222:Superfamily:
221:
220:
217:
214:
211:
210:
207:
204:
201:
200:
197:
194:
191:
190:
187:
184:
181:
180:
177:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
155:
150:
146:
143:
138:
134:
129:
125:
121:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
48:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4053:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3980:
3973:
3966:
3959:
3936:
3929:
3922:
3915:
3892:
3885:
3878:
3871:
3864:
3841:
3834:
3829:Daphoenictis
3827:
3820:
3815:Adilophontes
3813:
3790:
3783:
3776:
3769:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3713:
3708:Janvierocyon
3706:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3645:Askazansoria
3643:
3636:
3629:
3606:
3599:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3571:
3564:
3557:
3550:
3543:
3536:
3529:
3522:
3515:
3498:
3482:
3426:amphicyonids
3355:
3351:
3345:
3334:. Retrieved
3307:
3303:
3293:
3282:. Retrieved
3270:
3266:
3253:
3226:
3222:
3212:
3201:. Retrieved
3160:
3156:
3146:
3135:. Retrieved
3107:
3103:
3090:
3079:. Retrieved
3067:
3063:
3012:
3008:
2998:
2987:. Retrieved
2962:
2951:
2940:. Retrieved
2924:10261/137042
2907:
2903:
2893:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2847:
2843:
2833:
2806:
2802:
2792:
2757:
2753:
2727:
2723:
2717:
2690:
2686:
2642:
2638:
2632:
2600:
2596:
2583:
2572:. Retrieved
2563:
2553:
2542:. Retrieved
2517:
2513:
2507:
2499:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2424:
2420:
2413:
2380:
2376:
2369:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2288:
2278:
2269:
2260:
2252:
2247:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2173:the original
2152:
2139:
2128:. Retrieved
2085:
2081:
2057:. Retrieved
2024:
2014:
1995:
1964:
1958:
1954:Y. geraniana
1953:
1948:
1942:
1933:
1932:
1925:
1917:
1916:
1909:
1904:
1896:
1895:
1888:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1864:
1863:
1856:
1848:
1847:
1840:
1832:
1831:
1820:
1816:T. percussor
1815:
1810:
1806:T. fingeruti
1805:
1800:
1796:T. altigenis
1795:
1787:
1786:
1780:R. amplidens
1779:
1771:
1770:
1763:
1758:
1750:
1749:
1743:D. petersoni
1742:
1737:
1732:
1724:
1723:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1674:
1673:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1633:
1632:
1625:
1619:Daphoenictis
1617:
1616:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1591:
1590:
1583:
1577:Adilophontes
1575:
1574:
1563:
1555:
1554:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1529:
1528:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1503:
1502:
1496:G. zhegalloi
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1467:
1466:
1459:
1451:
1450:
1440:T. cazanavei
1439:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1400:
1399:
1393:P. bavaricus
1392:
1384:
1383:
1377:P. styriacus
1376:
1371:
1366:
1358:
1357:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1332:
1331:
1325:P. bohemicus
1324:
1316:
1315:
1309:N. ginsburgi
1308:
1300:
1299:
1292:
1284:
1283:
1276:
1272:M. kiptalami
1271:
1266:
1258:
1257:
1250:
1245:
1237:
1236:
1229:
1221:
1220:
1213:
1207:Janvierocyon
1205:
1204:
1197:
1189:
1188:
1181:
1173:
1172:
1165:
1157:
1156:
1149:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1125:
1124:
1117:
1112:C. palmidens
1111:
1105:
1101:C. lacustris
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1060:
1059:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
984:
983:
976:
968:
967:
960:
954:Askazansoria
952:
951:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
846:
845:
839:A. burolleti
838:
830:
829:
818:
810:
809:
802:
794:
793:
786:
778:
777:
770:
759:
758:
751:
746:
741:
733:
732:
725:
717:
716:
708:
707:
700:
692:
691:
684:
676:
675:
667:
663:
655:
654:
647:
642:
637:
629:
628:
620:
617:A. australis
616:
608:
607:
599:
598:
547:
546:
517:
511:
505:
503:
496:
492:
482:
475:
473:
466:
460:
454:M. australis
453:
449:
440:
435:Dymaxion map
420:Hemicyoninae
416:Hemicyonidae
413:
386:
384:
381:
365:
360:
344:
291:
290:
260:
255:Subfamilies
241:
228:
141:
140:Skeleton of
50:Amphicyonids
44:
40:Hemicyoninae
4078:Wikispecies
3961:Agnotherium
3836:Daphoenodon
3806:Daphoeninae
3792:Tartarocyon
3764:Pseudarctos
3743:Namibiocyon
3729:Mogharacyon
3701:Ischyrocyon
3680:Goupilictis
3594:Storchictis
3552:Harpagocyon
3545:Gustafsonia
3538:Guangxicyon
3517:Amphicyanis
2887:(1): 21–35.
1959:Y. tolosana
1949:Y. depereti
1926:T. grivense
1841:A. antiquus
1834:Agnotherium
1821:T. subferox
1759:M. ferocior
1703:D. socialis
1667:D. superbus
1662:D. skinneri
1652:D. robustum
1635:Daphoenodon
1626:D. tedfordi
1610:B. montanus
1548:H. ponticus
1522:H. crucians
1433:Tartarocyon
1414:P. antiquus
1409:P. ambiguus
1386:Pseudarctos
1351:P. robustus
1302:Namibiocyon
1286:Mogharacyon
1267:M. dojambir
1230:M. potisati
1191:Ischyrocyon
1182:I. socialis
1166:H. euryodon
1143:Goupilictis
1053:C. sinapius
1038:C. pivetaui
1028:C. macrodon
1003:C. helbingo
977:B. illacabo
935:A. shahbazi
885:A. gutmanni
875:A. galushai
870:A. frendens
787:S. miacinus
780:Storchictis
694:Harpagocyon
678:Guangxicyon
657:Gustafsonia
601:Amphicyanis
574:Daphoeninae
513:Ischyrocyon
507:Agnotherium
485:Dhok Pathan
462:Gustafsonia
397:plantigrade
393:digitigrade
388:Daphoenodon
378:Description
306:carnivorans
303:terrestrial
268:Daphoeninae
18:Amphicyonid
4177:Categories
4003:Ysengrinia
3982:Peignecyon
3968:Ammitocyon
3778:Pseudocyon
3750:Paludocyon
3722:Magericyon
3715:Maemohcyon
3666:Cynodictis
3652:Bonisicyon
3608:Vishnucyon
3573:Paludocyon
3566:Meiniogale
3531:Brachycyon
3460:Suborder:
3424:Genera of
3336:2023-05-01
3284:2023-05-01
3203:2023-05-09
3137:2023-07-06
3081:2023-05-01
2989:2023-05-18
2942:2023-05-01
2574:2023-04-07
2544:2023-02-18
2130:2016-10-13
2059:2023-07-06
1978:References
1935:Ysengrinia
1882:Peignecyon
1850:Ammitocyon
1738:D. oryktes
1683:D. felinus
1543:H. serbiae
1512:H. elegans
1486:G. serbiae
1360:Pseudocyon
1318:Paludocyon
1293:M. anubisi
1277:M. peignei
1239:Magericyon
1223:Maemohcyon
1198:I. gidleyi
1118:C. peignei
1081:C. crassus
1062:Cynodictis
1018:C. jourdan
1008:C. idoneus
970:Bonisicyon
961:A. mavrini
865:A. cooperi
812:Vishnucyon
752:P. tooheyi
747:P. minimus
719:Meiniogale
666:(formerly
664:G. cognita
648:B. gaudryi
631:Brachycyon
619:(formerly
588:Subfamily
580:Subfamily
572:Subfamily
569:(Eurasia)
564:Subfamily
558:Subfamily
528:carnassial
519:Magericyon
313:Caniformia
216:Caniformia
212:Suborder:
3975:Crassidia
3938:Temnocyon
3931:Rudiocyon
3924:Mammacyon
3880:Haplocyon
3866:Aktaucyon
3843:Daphoenus
3694:Istiocyon
3687:Hecubides
3673:Dehmicyon
3638:Amphicyon
3587:Sarcocyon
3468:Carnivora
3456:Carnivora
3436:Kingdom:
3326:245032640
3245:146620949
3185:0272-4634
3124:220281575
3029:1280-9659
2979:219296152
2932:1698-6180
2866:229196919
2825:224860287
2724:Symbioses
2709:220714559
2617:210921722
2534:235363054
2491:204264754
2449:214431583
2405:214431583
2231:0272-4634
2194:ignored (
2184:cite book
2049:198160461
2041:0003-0082
1866:Crassidia
1857:A. kainos
1789:Temnocyon
1773:Rudiocyon
1752:Mammacyon
1693:D. lambei
1676:Daphoenus
1600:B. dodgei
1538:H. mordax
1505:Haplocyon
1476:G. acutus
1453:Aktaucyon
1341:P. medius
1246:M. anceps
1175:Ictiocyon
1159:Hecubides
1127:Dehmicyon
1086:C. exilis
890:A. ingens
855:A. astrei
848:Amphicyon
761:Sarcocyon
498:Amphicyon
477:Daphoenus
426:Evolution
345:bear-dogs
206:Carnivora
172:Kingdom:
166:Eukaryota
142:Amphicyon
4092:BioLib:
4063:Wikidata
3996:Tomocyon
3873:Gobicyon
3757:Pliocyon
3631:Afrocyon
3450:Mammalia
3444:Chordata
3442:Phylum:
3438:Animalia
3372:85904748
3330:Archived
3275:Archived
3273:: 1–16.
3197:Archived
3193:91998860
3128:Archived
3072:Archived
3070:: 1–16.
3037:73677723
2983:Archived
2936:Archived
2784:55334897
2730:: 55–57.
2621:Archived
2568:Archived
2538:Archived
2467:Gobicyon
2326:24106648
2239:86235694
2169:86236545
2124:Archived
2120:27853569
2053:Archived
1919:Tomocyon
1910:T. dirus
1801:T. ferox
1733:D. major
1713:D. vetus
1469:Gobicyon
1334:Pliocyon
1150:G. minor
1091:C. ferox
1033:C. minor
915:A. major
832:Afrocyon
771:S. ferox
726:M. getti
489:Pakistan
351:Taxonomy
310:suborder
235:Family:
196:Mammalia
186:Chordata
182:Phylum:
176:Animalia
162:Domain:
4147:4942035
4121:3240054
4108:4524096
4069:Q248422
3736:Myacyon
3659:Cynelos
3454:Order:
3448:Class:
3165:Bibcode
2762:Bibcode
2647:Bibcode
2429:Bibcode
2385:Bibcode
2349:Bibcode
2253:Lethaia
2111:5098994
2090:Bibcode
1260:Myacyon
1013:C. jitu
986:Cynelos
638:B. reyi
447:miacids
443:Miocene
368:Canidae
341:species
337:Miocene
296:extinct
247:Haeckel
202:Order:
192:Class:
124:Miocene
122:– Late
118:Middle
4134:102894
3370:
3324:
3243:
3191:
3183:
3122:
3035:
3027:
2977:
2930:
2864:
2823:
2782:
2707:
2615:
2532:
2489:
2447:
2403:
2324:
2295:
2237:
2229:
2167:
2118:
2108:
2047:
2039:
2002:
1491:G. yei
537:canids
533:ursids
516:, and
458:genera
333:Africa
325:Europe
321:Eocene
299:family
294:is an
249:, 1866
120:Eocene
4160:41266
4129:IRMNG
4095:38145
3368:S2CID
3322:S2CID
3278:(PDF)
3263:(PDF)
3241:S2CID
3189:S2CID
3131:(PDF)
3120:S2CID
3100:(PDF)
3075:(PDF)
3060:(PDF)
3033:S2CID
2975:S2CID
2862:S2CID
2821:S2CID
2780:S2CID
2705:S2CID
2624:(PDF)
2613:S2CID
2593:(PDF)
2530:S2CID
2487:S2CID
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