404:
443:. According to the tale, Saint Alban appeared in a vision to a monk named Robert, indicating that he wished to make the location of the remains of Amphibalus known. Robert followed the spirit of Alban and was led by the saint to the remains of Amphibalus and his companions. Healing miracles were performed immediately, and the abbot ordered the site to be excavated. Several bodies were discovered, and one body seemed consistent with the manner of Amphibalus' death. The body believed to belong to Amphibalus was moved to St Alban's, where a shrine was constructed for the veneration of the relics.
424:
and how he was killed is unclear. Some sources say he was beheaded others say he was stabbed. A later version of the legend says that
Amphibalus and some companions were stoned to death a few days afterwards at Redbourn, four miles from St. Albans. Amphibalus is known for being one of four martyrs of the early Christian church in Roman Britain along with Albus, Julius and Aron. There is little known about any of the four early saints except that they seemed to all be acquainted with each other.
343:, stated that: "The abbey had incurred heavy debts; anyone who knows the medieval misuse of pious belief and offering, will not be surprised to learn that just at this time the generosity of the devotees was stimulated by the discovery of the history and, what is more, of the relics of St Amphibalus." Benjamin Gordon-Taylor also suggests that "a principal motive for the initiation of the cult of St Amphibalus was the success of the cult of St Thomas of Canterbury" (murdered in 1170).
313:, or 'cloak', of an abbot to murder two royal youths in a church. This could also be the inspiration for Geoffrey's story about the murder of the son of Mordred, and his association of Amphibalus' church with kings called Constantine. How, or why the story about Alban became connected to the story of king Constantine remains somewhat mysterious, but might be an effect of Geoffrey's enterprising imagination, and confusion of sources.
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210:. Alban was so impressed with the priest's faith and teaching that he began to emulate him in worship, and eventually became a Christian himself. When Roman soldiers came to seize Amphibalus, Alban put on Amphibalus' robes and was punished in his place. According to Matthew Paris, after Alban's martyrdom, the Romans eventually caught and martyred Amphibalus as well.
423:
After the martyrdom of Alban, Amphibalus was believed to have returned to
Caerleon, where he converted many others to Christianity, including the saints Julius and Aaron. It is believed that he was eventually captured by the Romans and returned to Verulamium, where he was killed for his faith. Where
399:
during the 3rd or 4th century. During a religious persecution, Alban sheltered
Amphibalus from persecutors in his home. The priest was believed to be pious and faithful, and while in Alban's home he prayed and kept watch day and night. He instructed Alban with "wholesome admonitions", influencing
350:, said to have been martyred together by the 8th-century at Urbs Legionis, identified as Caerleon in Wales. Meanwhile, the large number of people supposedly martyred together with Amphibalus may have their origin in a mistranscription made in the course of the transmission of the
471:
under Henry VIII and the pieces were used to block the eastern arches of "Saints' Chapel". The relics were scattered; however, the remains of the shrine were discovered in the 19th-century during renovations, and were reassembled in 1872 under the direction of Sir
370:
Gordon-Taylor notes that: "The cult of St. Amphibalus and his companions is unique in late twelfth-century
England ... in that we are seeing a cult beginning almost from scratch." This phenomenon bears witness to the influence of Geoffrey of Monmouth's
39:
337:, during the abbacy of Simon (1167–1183). He provided an elaborate version of the story of Saint Alban and gave a prominent role in it to a new martyr-saint, Amphibalus, whose name he states to have found in Geoffrey's work.
455:
in the Norman Abbey of St Alban's, near the high altar on the north side of the shrine of St Alban. In 1323, a portion of the abbey roof collapsed, damaging the shrine. The shrine was then moved to the north aisle of the
379:. This was around the same time that the bodies of Amphibalus and his companions were discovered, which Gordon-Taylor suggests was also motivated in part by competition with the new Canterbury cult of St
400:
Alban to abandon his previous religious beliefs and follow
Amphibalus in the Christian faith. Alban was so inspired by his guest that he chose to sacrifice his own life in order to save Amphibalus.
256:
in the 12th-century. It is possible that
Geoffrey had been repeating a name for the priest that had come into common usage in his time, but it is also possible that Geoffrey misunderstood the
346:
The new story about
Amphibalus that emerged (see below) is based on associations with Saint Alban. Wilhelm Levison noted, that in the 6th-century account of Gildas were another two martyrs,
736:; Gordon-Taylor, Benjamin Nicholas "The Hagiography of St Alban and St Amphibalus in the Twelfth Century," 1991, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online:
321:
Other details about
Amphibalus's cult originate with texts that appear to have been written with the purpose of creating a new cult, particularly to give a supportive context to the
367:
at
Redbourn was discovered near ancient Anglo-Saxon burial mounds. There were two knives said to have been found with Amphibalus, typical of an ancient pagan Anglo-Saxon burial.
236:
going back as far as the 5th century, do not name
Amphibalus in their accounts of Alban. They refer to Amphibalus not as a saint but simply as a priest and do not report his
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to Christianity. He occupied a place in British hagiography almost as revered as Alban himself. According to many hagiographical accounts, including those of
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circa the year 971, so there has to be, if not doubt, a question in the context of the source and chronology of the much later cult of Amphibalus.
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162:'Amphibalus' is almost certainly not his real name; many of the major details of his life may be medieval embellishments
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texts centred on Alban, written hundreds of years after his death. He was believed to be a citizen of
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In 1178, some 800 years after Amphibalus' traditional death date, his remains were discovered at
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637:, 1984, Bern, Burgerbibliothek, MS. 568, Cambridge; trans Thorpe, Lewis Geoffrey of Monmouth:
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951:'A service of blessing for the newly restored Shrine of St Amphibalus' at St Albans Cathedral
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Houses of Benedictine monks: Redbourn Priory, A History of the County of Hertford: Volume 4
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Wilhelm Levison noted that the story of the name, which goes back to a 5th-century
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460:. Eventually, around 1350, the shrine was given a position in the centre of the
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Geoffrey repeated the story of Alban's martyrdom as given by Bede in his famous
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198:, Amphibalus was a Roman Christian fleeing religious persecution under Emperor
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at the time which lay behind the discovery of the grave of King Arthur at
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https://archive.org/stream/livesofbritishsa01bariuoft#page/160/mode/2up
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289:(c. 1136), with the addition of the name of the confessor he shelters,
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was under the patronage of St Amphibalus before it was dedicated to
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1971:
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The martyrdom of St Amphibalus from a 13th-century manuscript of
3082:
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1961:
1871:
1831:
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187:
2385:
1044:
202:. Amphibalus was offered shelter by Alban in the Roman city of
963:"Covid: St Albans cathedral's new carving features facemask"
849:"The Intenerary Through Wales, and the Description of Wales"
516:
Saints Alban and Amphibalus in the Works of Matthew of Paris
391:
Most of what is known of Amphibalus's life is derived from
487:
Traditionally, Amphibalus' feast day was held on 22 June.
333:
in the second half of the 12th-century written by a monk,
920:
Shrines of St. Albans: St. Amphibalus In and Out of Favor
610:
New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 25 December 2012
451:
The first shrine of St Amphibalus stood before the Great
305:, who describes his contemporary, Constantine, King of
577:
Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the People of England
635:
The Historia Regum Britanniae of Geoffrey of Monmouth
329:, near St Albans in 1177. The texts were produced at
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158:
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67:
53:
48:
23:
325:, or 'discovery', of the body of Amphibalus at
926:The Holy Shrines of St. Albans in Hertfordshire
620:Levison, Willhelm "St Alban and St Albans" in
876:"Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation"
2397:
1056:
8:
765:, 4 vols, London: Cymmrodorion Society; see
240:. Amphibalus gained his name and title when
245:
3538:Locations associated with Arthurian legend
2404:
2390:
2382:
1063:
1049:
1041:
601:
599:
20:
301:. Geoffrey may have gotten the name from
761:Gould, S. Baring and Fisher, J, 1907–13
2763:Constantine III (Western Roman Emperor)
706:, 1978, London/Chichester: Phillimore;
503:
3578:
7:
3493:List of legendary rulers of Cornwall
2753:Constans II (son of Constantine III)
987:St. Amphibalus – Saints & Angels
509:
507:
467:The shrine was destroyed during the
1013:The Buttercross, City of Winchester
639:The History of the Kings of Britain
518:: Dublin, Trinity College MS 177".
43:Saint Amphibalus baptising converts
3488:List of legendary kings of Britain
696:De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae
608:The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1.
14:
317:New cult invented in 12th-century
232:) and the three texts of Alban's
3589:
3577:
1772:Æbbe "the Younger" of Coldingham
1036:, Methuen & Co., London 1905
709:"Gildas' On the Ruin of Britain"
624:15, 1941, pp. 337–59, at p. 346.
606:Thurston, Herbert. "St. Alban."
254:History of the Kings of Britain)
37:
2315:Hwita of Whitchurch Canonicorum
928:. britannia.com. Archived from
124:(reconstructed medieval shrine)
3559:Vera historia de morte Arthuri
1767:Æbbe "the Elder" of Coldingham
738:http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6175/
469:Dissolution of the Monasteries
277:; it is a legendary tale...."
16:Early medieval Christian saint
1:
3648:4th-century Christian martyrs
1072:Saints of Anglo-Saxon England
548:Gildas On the Ruin of Britain
514:McCulloch, Florence (1981). "
226:
219:
3643:4th-century Christian clergy
1490:Edburga of Minster-in-Thanet
1027:Village of Redbourn homepage
3553:Trojan genealogy of Nennius
2853:Eldol, Consul of Gloucester
1947:Eosterwine of Monkwearmouth
1455:Æbbe of Thanet (Domne Eafe)
763:Lives of the British Saints
704:Gildas, the Ruin of Britain
353:Martyrologium Hieronymianum
309:, as having dressed in the
264:, which was worn by Alban.
3669:
3543:Treason of the Long Knives
2058:Florentius of Peterborough
1877:Ceolfrith of Monkwearmouth
641:, 1966, Penguin Classics;
297:killed one of the sons of
3573:
3418:Æthelfrith of Northumbria
2438:Historia Regum Britanniae
2215:Beorhthelm of Shaftesbury
1997:Sigfrith of Monkwearmouth
1606:Cyneswith of Peterborough
1192:Æthelburh of Faremoutiers
1187:Æthelberht of East Anglia
1034:Shrines of British Saints
287:Historia Regum Britanniae
260:word used for the cloak,
248:Historia Regum Britanniae
36:
3638:Burials in Hertfordshire
3533:Siege of Exeter (c. 630)
2300:Frithestan of Winchester
2285:Earmund of Stoke Fleming
1852:Billfrith of Lindisfarne
1807:Æthelwold of Lindisfarne
1716:Regenhere of Northampton
1277:Sigeberht of East Anglia
1232:Cuthbald of Peterborough
154:The Christian persecuted
2668:Camber (legendary king)
2578:Augustine of Canterbury
2371:Urith of Chittlehampton
2325:Margaret of Dunfermline
2220:Beornstan of Winchester
2205:Benignus of Glastonbury
2195:Æthelwold of Winchester
2185:Æthelnoth of Canterbury
2043:Firmin of North Crawley
2038:Augustine of Canterbury
1927:Eardwulf of Northumbria
1907:Eadfrith of Lindisfarne
1897:Eadberht of Lindisfarne
1882:Ceolwulf of Northumbria
1792:Æthelgyth of Coldingham
1631:Eadweard of Maugersbury
1485:Deusdedit of Canterbury
1480:Berhtwald of Canterbury
807:pp.35–6; Gordon-Taylor
417:Trinity College Library
178:said to have converted
103:Eastern Orthodox Church
3477:Gesta Regum Britanniae
3268:Quintus Laberius Durus
3263:Publius Septimius Geta
2361:Juthwara of Sherbourne
2330:Swithhun of Winchester
2270:Eadweard the Confessor
2180:Æthelgar of Canterbury
2160:Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury
2103:Theodore of Canterbury
2088:Mellitus of Canterbury
2083:Laurence of Canterbury
2068:Honorius of Canterbury
1912:Eadwine of Northumbria
1902:Eadfrith of Leominster
1782:Ælfwald of Northumbria
1666:Frithuwold of Chertsey
1601:Cynehelm of Winchcombe
1596:Cyneburh of Gloucester
1571:Beorhthelm of Stafford
1546:Æthelmod of Leominster
1510:Nothhelm of Canterbury
1495:Eanswith of Folkestone
1434:Indract of Glastonbury
1257:Hiurmine of Blythburgh
1237:Eadmund of East Anglia
1156:Patrick of Glastonbury
965:. BBC News. 7 May 2021
420:
246:
3633:Romano-British saints
3213:Oswald of Northumbria
2758:Constantine the Great
2335:Wulfsige of Sherborne
2260:Eadgyth of Polesworth
2250:Eadburh of Winchester
2245:Dunstan of Canterbury
2190:Æthelwine of Athelney
2170:Ælfheah of Winchester
2165:Ælfheah of Canterbury
2129:Lewina of Bishopstone
2119:Cuthflæd of Lyminster
2063:Hadrian of Canterbury
2048:Birinus of Dorchester
1987:Oswine of Northumbria
1982:Oswald of Northumbria
1827:Balthere of Tyningham
1812:Alchhild of Middleham
1787:Æthelburh of Hackness
1721:Rumbold of Buckingham
1661:Frithuswith of Oxford
1636:Ealdgyth of Stortford
1621:Eadburh of Southwell
1541:Æthelberht of Bedford
1536:Ælfthryth of Crowland
1475:Albinus of Canterbury
1439:Maildub of Malmesbury
1383:Grimbald of St Bertin
1111:Congar of Congresbury
1101:Branwalator of Milton
847:Giraldus Cambrensis.
700:Winterbottom, Michael
698:28; text and trans.,
406:
275:Acta martyrum sincera
214:Name and authenticity
171:is a venerated early
99:Roman Catholic Church
3628:History of St Albans
3218:Oswiu of Northumbria
3043:Julius Asclepiodotus
2968:Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio
2843:Edwin of Northumbria
2768:Constantine (Briton)
2638:Budic II of Brittany
2613:Bledric ap Custennin
2538:Ambrosius Aurelianus
2413:Geoffrey of Monmouth
2340:Wulfthryth of Wilton
2310:Humbert of Stokenham
2240:Cwenburh of Wimborne
2225:Beornwald of Bampton
2200:Aldhelm of Sherborne
2124:Cuthmann of Steyning
2078:Justus of Canterbury
1892:Dryhthelm of Melrose
1847:Bercthun of Beverley
1656:Frithuric of Breedon
1641:Earconwald of London
1626:Eadgyth of Aylesbury
1556:Æthelwynn of Sodbury
1500:Eormengyth of Thanet
1414:Aidan of Lindisfarne
1333:Hildelith of Barking
1328:Æthelburh of Barking
1252:Herefrith of Thorney
1207:Æthelwine of Lindsey
1141:Melorius of Amesbury
901:Page, William, ed.,
882:. Fordham University
489:Winchester Cathedral
474:George Gilbert Scott
409:The Life of St Alban
363:The location of the
335:William of St Albans
281:Geoffrey of Monmouth
242:Geoffrey of Monmouth
192:Geoffrey of Monmouth
134:25 June (or 22 June)
3444:Battle of Arfderydd
3323:Silvius (mythology)
3023:Ingenius of Britain
2908:Gogmagog (folklore)
2778:Cordelia of Britain
2773:Constantius Chlorus
2663:Cadwallon ap Cadfan
2305:Hædde of Winchester
2275:Eadweard the Martyr
2235:Cuthburh of Wimborn
2175:Æthelflæd of Romsey
2098:Peter of Canterbury
1977:Osthryth of Bardney
1867:Ceadda of Lichfield
1746:Wulfhild of Barking
1731:Werburgh of Chester
1706:Oswald of Worcester
1696:Milred of Worcester
1681:Mildburh of Wenlock
1671:Hæmma of Leominster
1616:Eadburh of Pershore
1611:Eadburh of Bicester
1398:Wulfram of Grantham
1388:Monegunda of Watton
1297:Walstan of Bawburgh
1287:Torthred of Thorney
1247:Guthlac of Crowland
1197:Æthelflæd of Ramsey
1136:Judoc of Winchester
1126:Elfin of Warrington
1096:Brannoc of Braunton
905:(1971), pp. 416–419
478:St Albans Cathedral
439:, near the town of
118:St Albans Cathedral
3653:4th-century Romans
3423:Œthelwald of Deira
3413:Æthelberht of Kent
3403:Wulfhere of Mercia
3343:Son of Gorbonianus
3248:Pir of the Britons
3198:Nennius of Britain
2933:Gracianus Municeps
2823:Dunvallo Molmutius
2628:Brutus Greenshield
2430:Prophetiae Merlini
2366:Rumbold of Mechlin
2230:Centwine of Wessex
2210:Beocca of Chertsey
2012:Wilfrith of Hexham
2007:Wihtberht of Ripon
1917:Ealdberht of Ripon
1887:Cuthbert of Durham
1817:Alchmund of Hexham
1802:Æthelwold of Farne
1797:Æthelsige of Ripon
1711:Osburh of Coventry
1691:Mildrith of Thanet
1651:Freomund of Mercia
1591:Cyneburh of Castor
1576:Coenwulf of Mercia
1551:Æthelred of Mercia
1515:Sigeburh of Thanet
1505:Mildrith of Thanet
1465:Æthelburh of Kent
1460:Æthelberht of Kent
1407:Irish and Scottish
1363:Balthild of Romsey
1282:Tancred of Thorney
1222:Botwulf of Thorney
1212:Athwulf of Thorney
1202:Æthelthryth of Ely
1171:Sativola of Exeter
1161:Rumon of Tavistock
1146:Nectan of Hartland
1121:Decuman of Watchet
1032:Wall, J. Charles,
989:– Catholic Online"
932:on 31 January 2010
916:Nash Ford, David.
855:. Everyman Library
421:
383:to gain pilgrims.
3605:
3604:
3503:Matter of Britain
3465:Brut y Tywysogion
3459:Battle of Guoloph
3454:Battle of Camlann
3318:Septimius Severus
3283:Regan (King Lear)
3153:Marius of Britain
3103:Lucius of Britain
2993:Hengist and Horsa
2528:Alhfrith of Deira
2482:Brut y Brenhinedd
2379:
2378:
2356:Arilda of Oldbury
2320:Mærwynn of Romsey
2265:Eadgyth of Wilton
2255:Eadgar of England
2155:Ælfgifu of Exeter
2150:Ælfgar of Selwood
2002:Tatberht of Ripon
1937:Ecgberht of Ripon
1872:Cedd of Lichfield
1777:Ælfflæd of Whitby
1741:Wigstan of Repton
1701:Oda of Canterbury
1586:Credan of Evesham
1566:Beonna of Breedon
1419:Boisil of Melrose
1393:Odwulf of Evesham
1242:Eadnoth of Ramsey
1227:Cissa of Crowland
1116:Dachuna of Bodmin
1091:Barloc of Norbury
714:. Camelot On-line
645:at Google Books;
643:Online Latin text
584:. Camelot On-line
555:. Camelot On-line
377:Glastonbury Abbey
166:
165:
144:Priest with cloak
95:Venerated in
3660:
3596:Wikisource texts
3593:
3581:
3580:
3565:Walter of Oxford
3303:Rud Hud Hudibras
3278:Redon of Britain
3038:Julius and Aaron
2983:Helena (empress)
2958:Gurguit Barbtruc
2583:Aurelius Conanus
2406:
2399:
2392:
2383:
2290:Edor of Chertsey
2280:Eadwold of Cerne
2145:Æbbe of Abingdon
2093:Paulinus of York
2073:James the Deacon
2022:Wilgils of Ripon
1992:Sicgred of Ripon
1967:John of Beverley
1862:Botwine of Ripon
1837:Bega of Copeland
1822:Alkmund of Derby
1646:Egwin of Evesham
1581:Cotta of Breedon
1531:Ælfnoth of Stowe
1470:Æthelred of Kent
1429:Ultan the Scribe
1378:Helier of Jersey
1312:Wulfric of Holme
1217:Blida of Martham
1151:Neot of Cornwall
1106:Credan of Bodmin
1086:Aldate of Oxford
1065:
1058:
1051:
1042:
1015:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1001:
999:
981:
975:
974:
972:
970:
959:
953:
948:
942:
941:
939:
937:
913:
907:
898:
892:
891:
889:
887:
871:
865:
864:
862:
860:
844:
838:
831:
825:
818:
812:
801:
795:
788:
782:
775:
769:
759:
753:
746:
740:
730:
724:
723:
721:
719:
713:
692:
686:
680:
674:
668:
662:
656:
650:
649:at Google Books;
631:
625:
618:
612:
603:
594:
593:
591:
589:
583:
571:
565:
564:
562:
560:
554:
542:
536:
535:
511:
348:Julius and Aaron
251:
231:
228:
224:
221:
206:, in modern-day
196:Matthew of Paris
114:
77:
75:
41:
21:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3657:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3601:
3569:
3449:Battle of Badon
3427:
3373:Uther Pendragon
3233:Penda of Mercia
3223:Owain mab Urien
3123:Maelgwn Gwynedd
3113:Lud son of Heli
3108:Lucius Tiberius
3088:Leir of Britain
3033:Jago of Britain
2978:Queen Gwendolen
2903:Goffar the Pict
2678:Capetus Silvius
2501:
2452:
2415:
2410:
2380:
2375:
2344:
2133:
2107:
2026:
1972:Osana of Howden
1952:Hilda of Whitby
1842:Benedict Biscop
1750:
1726:Tibba of Ryhall
1519:
1443:
1402:
1373:Felix of Dommoc
1355:
1353:
1347:
1343:Sæbbi of London
1316:
1307:Wihtburh of Ely
1292:Tova of Thorney
1272:Seaxburh of Ely
1267:Pega of Peakirk
1262:Huna of Thorney
1175:
1079:British / Welsh
1074:
1069:
1023:
1018:
1011:
1007:
997:
995:
993:Catholic Online
983:
982:
978:
968:
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956:
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910:
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895:
885:
883:
873:
872:
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858:
856:
846:
845:
841:
832:
828:
819:
815:
802:
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772:
760:
756:
747:
743:
731:
727:
717:
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707:
693:
689:
681:
677:
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665:
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653:
632:
628:
619:
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572:
568:
558:
556:
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501:
449:
389:
341:Wilhelm Levison
331:St Albans Abbey
319:
283:
229:
222:
216:
109:
101:
79:
73:
71:
58:
44:
32:
29:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3666:
3664:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3610:
3609:
3603:
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3600:
3599:
3587:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3508:Molmutine Laws
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3473:
3468:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
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3420:
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3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
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3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3313:Sawyl Penuchel
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3288:Rhydderch Hael
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
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3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3128:Magnus Maximus
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
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3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3003:Humber the Hun
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
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2855:
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2800:
2795:
2790:
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2755:
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2748:Conan Meriadoc
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2703:Cassivellaunus
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2673:Cap of Britain
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2643:Cadfan ap Iago
2640:
2635:
2633:Brutus of Troy
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
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2394:
2386:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2373:
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2352:
2350:
2349:Unclear origin
2346:
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2343:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
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2297:
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2019:
2014:
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1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1962:Iwig of Wilton
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1932:Eata of Hexham
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
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1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
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1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1832:Beda of Jarrow
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
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1762:Acca of Hexham
1758:
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1718:
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1603:
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1583:
1578:
1573:
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1561:Aldwyn of Coln
1558:
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1548:
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1533:
1527:
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1424:Echa of Crayke
1421:
1416:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
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1368:Bertha of Kent
1365:
1359:
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1021:External links
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1016:
1005:
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954:
943:
908:
893:
866:
839:
833:Gordon-Taylor
826:
820:Gordon-Taylor
813:
796:
783:
777:Gordon-Taylor
770:
754:
741:
725:
687:
675:
663:
651:
633:Wright, Neil,
626:
613:
595:
566:
537:
502:
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482:Covid pandemic
448:
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373:Historia Regum
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3338:Sisillius III
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3193:Myrddin Wyllt
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3048:Julius Caesar
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2467:Roman de Brut
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2110:
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2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
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1998:
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1371:
1369:
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1361:
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1358:
1356:and Old Saxon
1350:
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1166:Samson of Dol
1164:
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1159:
1157:
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1149:
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1137:
1134:
1132:
1131:Ivo of Ramsey
1129:
1127:
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1114:
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1109:
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623:
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541:
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485:
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446:
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438:
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433:Hertfordshire
430:
425:
418:
414:
413:Matthew Paris
410:
405:
401:
398:
394:
386:
384:
382:
381:Thomas Becket
378:
374:
368:
366:
361:
359:
356:(St Jerome's
355:
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349:
344:
342:
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324:
316:
314:
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308:
304:
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296:
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270:Passio Albani
265:
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211:
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174:
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147:
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137:
133:
131:
127:
123:
122:Hertfordshire
119:
116:
113:
107:
104:
100:
97:
93:
90:
89:Hertfordshire
86:
82:
70:
66:
62:
56:
52:
47:
40:
35:
27:
22:
19:
3623:Welsh saints
3595:
3583:
3557:
3528:River Malvam
3475:
3463:
3333:Sisillius II
3203:Octa of Kent
3138:Queen Marcia
3133:Mandubracius
3008:Iago ap Beli
2542:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2474:
2465:
2458:Translations
2446:Vita Merlini
2444:
2436:
2428:
1857:Bosa of York
1755:Northumbrian
1180:East Anglian
1033:
1008:
996:. Retrieved
992:
986:
979:
967:. Retrieved
957:
946:
934:. Retrieved
930:the original
925:
919:
911:
902:
896:
884:. Retrieved
880:chapter VIII
879:
869:
857:. Retrieved
852:
842:
834:
829:
821:
816:
808:
804:
799:
791:
786:
778:
773:
762:
757:
749:
744:
733:
728:
716:. Retrieved
703:
695:
690:
682:
678:
670:
666:
658:
654:
638:
634:
629:
621:
616:
607:
586:. Retrieved
576:
569:
557:. Retrieved
547:
540:
523:
519:
515:
486:
466:
450:
426:
422:
408:
393:hagiographic
390:
372:
369:
364:
362:
357:
351:
345:
339:
322:
320:
310:
306:
290:
286:
284:
274:
268:
266:
261:
253:
233:
217:
168:
167:
18:
3548:Trinovantum
3398:Vortiporius
3353:Tasciovanus
3328:Sisillius I
3148:Marganus II
2923:Gorbonianus
2803:Saint David
2563:King Arthur
2518:Saint Alban
2496:Merlínússpá
2489:Breta sögur
2112:South Saxon
2017:Wilfrith II
853:archive.org
647:Online text
453:Rood Screen
387:Hagiography
358:Martyrology
295:Constantine
180:Saint Alban
159:Controversy
78:25 June 304
3618:304 deaths
3612:Categories
3158:Mempricius
2963:Gurgustius
2953:Gurgintius
2813:Diocletian
2808:Digueillus
2793:Cunobeline
2788:Cunedagius
2593:Beldgabred
2568:Arvirargus
2543:Amphibalus
2523:Albanactus
2506:Characters
2473:Layamon's
2138:West Saxon
1321:East Saxon
936:3 November
886:3 November
859:3 November
718:16 January
683:Hist. Reg.
659:Hist. Reg.
588:16 January
559:16 January
526:(4): 767.
499:References
493:St Swithin
462:retrochoir
447:Veneration
291:Amphibalus
262:amphiboles
244:wrote his
230: 730
223: 570
204:Verulamium
200:Diocletian
169:Amphibalus
140:Attributes
81:Verulamium
31:Amphibalus
3584:Wikiquote
3523:Riothamus
3471:Excalibur
3388:Vortigern
3383:Vespasian
3273:Redechius
3258:Porrex II
3243:Peredurus
3228:Pandrasus
2973:Gwenddydd
2948:Guithelin
2943:Guinevere
2938:Guiderius
2888:Fulgenius
2878:Eudaf Hen
2873:Estrildis
2868:Enniaunus
2728:Cledaucus
2698:Carausius
2693:Caradocus
2688:Caracalla
2658:Cadwaladr
2598:Beli Mawr
2553:Archgallo
2548:Andragius
2449:(c. 1150)
2441:(c. 1136)
2433:(c. 1135)
2295:Evorhilda
1352:Frisian,
732:Levison,
671:Hist. Reg
622:Antiquity
441:St Albans
415:(Dublin,
311:amphibalo
238:martyrdom
225:), Bede (
173:Christian
150:Patronage
85:St Albans
74:304-06-25
3483:Lailoken
3393:Vortimer
3348:Taliesin
3253:Porrex I
3188:Morvidus
3183:Morgause
3163:Merianus
3143:Marganus
3098:King Lot
3093:Locrinus
3068:Kinarius
3063:Kimarcus
2918:Gorboduc
2898:Gerennus
2858:Elidurus
2828:Ebraucus
2818:Dionotus
2783:Corineus
2738:Coel Hen
2733:Clotenus
2723:Claudius
2713:Catigern
2708:Catellus
2623:Brennius
2588:Bedivere
2573:Ascanius
2558:Archmail
2533:Allectus
1686:Mildgyth
1354:Frankish
1302:Wendreda
998:31 March
811:pp. 85–6
803:Levison
790:Levison
781:Synopsis
748:Levison
694:Gildas,
520:Speculum
429:Redbourn
397:Caerleon
365:inventio
327:Redbourn
323:inventio
307:Dumnonia
218:Gildas (
61:Caerleon
3518:Pridwen
3513:Nennius
3378:Venissa
3368:Urianus
3358:Trahern
3298:Rivallo
3238:Peredur
3178:Mordred
3078:Lavinia
3073:Latinus
3058:Keredic
3053:Sir Kay
3028:Innogen
3018:Igraine
3013:Idvallo
2988:Helenus
2928:Gorlois
2913:Goneril
2618:Bledudo
2603:Belinus
1922:Eanmund
1736:Wærstan
1676:Merefin
1524:Mercian
1448:Kentish
835:op. cit
822:op. cit
805:op. cit
792:op. cit
779:op. cit
750:op. cit
734:op. cit
532:2847362
458:chancel
437:England
299:Mordred
234:Passio,
208:England
57:unknown
3498:Logres
3439:Avalon
3432:Topics
3363:Turnus
3293:Rience
3173:Millus
3168:Merlin
3118:Maddan
2893:Gawain
2883:Ferrex
2833:Edadus
2798:Danius
2743:Coilus
2718:Cherin
2683:Capoir
2608:Bladud
2513:Aeneas
2053:Blaise
1957:Hyglac
1338:Osgyth
874:Bede.
824:p.110.
809:op.cit
794:p. 355
752:I, 354
673:. VI.5
530:
303:Gildas
194:, and
184:Gildas
176:priest
112:shrine
110:Major
59:Isca (
49:Martyr
3408:Ywain
3208:Oenus
2863:Eliud
2848:Eldol
2653:Cador
2648:Cadoc
2421:Works
2031:Roman
969:7 May
712:(PDF)
582:(PDF)
553:(PDF)
528:JSTOR
258:Latin
130:Feast
26:Saint
3308:Runo
3083:Leil
2998:Hoel
2475:Brut
1942:Eoda
1000:2017
971:2021
938:2013
888:2013
861:2013
837:p.66
720:2017
685:XI.4
590:2017
561:2017
188:Bede
68:Died
54:Born
661:V.5
431:in
411:by
87:),
3614::
991:.
924:.
878:.
851:.
702:,
598:^
524:56
522:.
506:^
484:.
435:,
227:c.
220:c.
190:,
186:,
120:,
2405:e
2398:t
2391:v
1064:e
1057:t
1050:v
1002:.
985:"
973:.
940:.
922:"
918:"
890:.
863:.
722:.
592:.
579:"
575:"
563:.
550:"
546:"
534:.
419:)
252:(
83:(
76:)
72:(
63:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
