143:
2578:
2595:
2572:
121:
1344:
There is continued debate over the origin of lissamphibians, including whether they are monophyletic or whether batrachians and caecilians are descended from different clades of tetrapods or temnospondyls. If they are monophyletic, there is also a debate about which clade they are nested in, with
344:. She suggested that the micromelerpetids were also amphibamids, which has not been validated by more recent workers. Subsequent phylogenetic work verified the monophyly of the Amphibamidae, with recent analyses also recovering the
308:. Similar monogeneric families were also erected for other small, terrestrial dissorophoids (e.g., Doleserpetontidae), and most of the taxa now recognized as amphibamiforms were placed within the
302:
Amphibamidae has traditionally included small-bodied, terrestrial dissorophoids. The name is attributed to Moodie (1909), but it was rarely used because it originally referred only to
975:
was considered to be the closest extinct relative to the crown group. Below is a modified cladogram from
Anderson et al. (2008) showing Batrachia nested in the Amphibamidae, with
1449:
Clack, Jennifer A.; Milner, Andrew R. (1993). "Platyrhinops from the Upper
Carboniferous of Linton and Nyrany and the family Amphibamidae (Amphibia: Temnospondyli)".
2675:
2662:
1776:
1468:
Daly, Eleanor (1994). "The
Amphibamidae (Amphibia: Temnospondyli), with a description of a new genus from the Upper Pennsylvanian of Kansas".
1561:
1514:
Schoch, Rainer R.; Milner, Andrew R. (2008). "The intrarelationships and evolutionary history of the temnospondyl family branchiosauridae".
2731:
1745:
1693:"Phylogeny of Paleozoic limbed vertebrates reassessed through revision and expansion of the largest published relevant data matrix"
1414:
Moodie, Roy L. (1909). "A contribution to a monograph of the extinct
Amphibia of North America. New forms from the Carboniferous".
1487:
Schoch, Rainer R.; Rubidge, Bruce S. (2005). "The amphibamid
Micropholis from the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone of South Africa".
355:
to include the traditional amphibamids and the nested branchiosaurids and subsequently restricted the
Amphibamidae to two taxa:
2726:
2721:
965:
The
Amphibamidae have typically been recovered close to some or all of the lissamphibian crown. Until the description of
1769:
142:
2577:
1500:
2571:
1855:
2406:
1762:
1037:
520:
363:
from Mazon Creek, Illinois. These taxa are united by several features, such as a medially expanded choana.
2615:
2598:
1882:
2688:
2550:
1749:
2716:
1975:
1576:
1423:
2506:
2012:
1991:
1608:
1375:"The putative lissamphibian stem-group: phylogeny and evolution of the dissorophoid temnospondyls"
2527:
2485:
2042:
1600:
1539:
854:
242:
137:
2693:
2218:
336:
Daly (1994) further expanded the composition of the
Amphibamidae to include the newly described
253:
2653:
2513:
1724:
1673:
1655:
1592:
1531:
1396:
1258:
871:
2680:
2462:
1714:
1704:
1663:
1645:
1584:
1523:
1496:
1431:
1386:
799:
345:
276:
1562:"A stem batrachian from the Early Permian of Texas and the origin of frogs and salamanders"
2520:
2316:
2170:
2005:
1840:
1818:
1211:
750:
400:
352:
203:
1634:"Stem caecilian from the Triassic of Colorado sheds light on the origins of Lissamphibia"
1580:
1427:
2478:
2386:
1984:
1946:
1924:
1894:
1785:
1719:
1692:
1668:
1633:
813:
280:
2710:
2499:
2397:
2379:
2344:
2337:
2202:
2156:
2136:
1867:
1824:
1604:
967:
666:
649:
458:
309:
291:
287:
187:
78:
32:
28:
1543:
2538:
2492:
2451:
2372:
2282:
2191:
2163:
2053:
2028:
1998:
1350:
1142:
1094:
695:
582:
438:
388:
322:
318:
283:
46:
2647:
2358:
2246:
2237:
2226:
2211:
2177:
2149:
2111:
2097:
1346:
53:
2638:
2444:
2413:
2296:
2260:
2076:
2069:
1527:
1118:
709:
601:
503:
375:
304:
129:
98:
63:
1659:
1560:
Anderson, J.S.; Reisz, R.R.; Scott, D.; Fröbisch, N.B.; Sumida, S.S. (2008).
1535:
1400:
2420:
2365:
2351:
2289:
2184:
2125:
2083:
1650:
1020:
980:
472:
329:
154:
103:
39:
1728:
1677:
1596:
359:
from the Dolese
Brothers Limestone Quarry near Richards Spur, Oklahoma and
120:
2632:
2330:
2274:
2267:
2118:
2062:
1809:
1070:
733:
414:
174:
93:
88:
73:
68:
58:
1588:
1391:
1374:
2667:
2471:
2090:
1964:
1709:
1243:
830:
108:
83:
1349:
origin, in which case amphibamids would not be closely related to any
2253:
2104:
1803:
164:
2609:
1435:
1754:
1632:
Pardo, Jason D.; Small, Bryan J.; Huttenlocker, Adam K. (2017).
1195:
2613:
1796:
1758:
315:
1501:
10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0502:tamftl]2.0.co;2
2622:
2537:
2461:
2430:
2396:
2314:
2236:
2201:
2135:
2052:
2026:
1974:
1944:
1893:
1866:
1839:
1470:
The University of Kansas Miscellaneous Publications
1638:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
367:Phylogeny of amphibamiforms from Schoch (2018)
1770:
8:
2610:
2322:
2141:
2034:
1956:
1952:
1941:
1872:
1845:
1836:
1793:
1777:
1763:
1755:
1691:Marjanović, David; Laurin, Michel (2019).
1451:New Research on Permo-Carboniferous Faunas
119:
20:
1718:
1708:
1667:
1649:
1390:
1555:
1553:
1362:
7:
1368:
1366:
351:Schoch (2018) erected the new clade
1516:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
1236:
1188:
1181:
1158:
1134:
1110:
1086:
1062:
1012:
1005:
994:
846:
805:
725:
701:
691:
641:
634:
627:
573:
563:
495:
488:
464:
454:
430:
406:
381:
371:
340:as well as the Early Triassic form
233:
1489:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
14:
2594:
2593:
2576:
2570:
141:
348:nested within the amphibamids.
16:Extinct family of temnospondyls
1:
1345:some hypotheses suggesting a
961:Relationship to the Batrachia
294:strata in the United States.
2732:Carboniferous temnospondyls
983:(anurans and caudates) and
2748:
1373:Schoch, Rainer R. (2018).
45:Possible descendant taxon
2589:
2567:
2325:
2144:
2037:
1959:
1955:
1940:
1921:
1875:
1848:
1835:
1792:
1528:10.1017/s1477201908002460
1256:
1241:
1234:
1208:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1163:
1156:
1139:
1132:
1115:
1108:
1091:
1084:
1067:
1060:
1034:
1017:
1010:
1003:
991:as successive outgroups:
868:
851:
844:
827:
810:
803:
747:
730:
723:
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689:
663:
646:
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625:
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561:
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486:
469:
462:
452:
435:
428:
411:
404:
386:
379:
248:
241:
231:
226:
138:Scientific classification
136:
127:
118:
23:
1651:10.1073/pnas.1706752114
1379:Journal of Paleontology
979:as the sister taxon of
1177: Batrachia
357:Doleserpeton annectens
2727:Permian temnospondyls
2722:Temnospondyl families
2689:Paleobiology Database
1750:Paleobiology Database
361:Amphibamus grandiceps
130:Amphibamus grandiceps
27:Temporal range: Late
1976:Micromelerpetontidae
49:survives to present.
1644:(27): E5389–E5395.
1589:10.1038/nature06865
1581:2008Natur.453..515A
1428:1909JG.....17...38M
1392:10.1017/jpa.2018.67
1710:10.7717/peerj.5565
1416:Journal of Geology
251:Doleserpetontidae
2704:
2703:
2616:Taxon identifiers
2607:
2606:
2585:
2584:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2514:Schoenfelderpeton
2310:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2022:
2021:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1575:(7194): 515–518.
1351:extant amphibians
1341:
1340:
1332:
1331:
1323:
1322:
1314:
1313:
1305:
1304:
1296:
1295:
1287:
1286:
1278:
1277:
1269:
1268:
1259:Albanerpetontidae
1223:
1222:
1049:
1048:
955:
954:
946:
945:
937:
936:
928:
927:
919:
918:
910:
909:
901:
900:
892:
891:
883:
882:
872:Schoenfelderpeton
789:
788:
780:
779:
771:
770:
762:
761:
678:
677:
614:
613:
550:
549:
541:
540:
532:
531:
269:
268:
263:
257:
222:
2739:
2697:
2696:
2684:
2683:
2671:
2670:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2611:
2597:
2596:
2580:
2575:
2574:
2463:Branchiosauridae
2323:
2142:
2035:
1957:
1953:
1942:
1873:
1846:
1837:
1830:
1829:
1794:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1756:
1733:
1732:
1722:
1712:
1703:(e5565): e5565.
1688:
1682:
1681:
1671:
1653:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1613:
1607:. Archived from
1566:
1557:
1548:
1547:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1394:
1370:
1237:
1189:
1182:
1159:
1135:
1111:
1087:
1063:
1013:
1006:
995:
847:
806:
800:Branchiosauridae
726:
702:
692:
642:
635:
628:
574:
564:
496:
489:
465:
455:
431:
407:
382:
372:
286:known from Late
261:
252:
220:
215:
202:
186:
146:
145:
123:
113:
50:
42:
38:311.45–289
21:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2692:
2687:
2679:
2674:
2666:
2661:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2618:
2608:
2603:
2581:
2569:
2557:
2533:
2521:Tungussogyrinus
2457:
2434:
2426:
2392:
2319:
2317:Amphibamiformes
2302:
2232:
2197:
2171:Astreptorhachis
2131:
2048:
2031:
2018:
2006:Micromelerpeton
1970:
1949:
1928:
1909:
1889:
1862:
1856:Tetrapodomorpha
1841:Tetrapodomorpha
1831:
1819:Tetrapodomorpha
1799:
1798:
1788:
1783:
1742:
1737:
1736:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1564:
1559:
1558:
1551:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1372:
1371:
1364:
1359:
1342:
1333:
1324:
1315:
1306:
1297:
1288:
1279:
1270:
1224:
1212:Triadobatrachus
1050:
963:
956:
947:
938:
929:
920:
911:
902:
893:
884:
790:
781:
772:
763:
751:Triadobatrachus
679:
615:
551:
542:
533:
401:Amphibamiformes
369:
353:Amphibamiformes
346:branchiosaurids
300:
275:are an ancient
219:
213:
204:Amphibamiformes
200:
184:
140:
114:
112:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
44:
43:
37:
36:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2745:
2743:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2709:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2685:
2672:
2659:
2644:
2628:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2544:
2542:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2482:
2479:Branchiosaurus
2475:
2467:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2448:
2440:
2438:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2402:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2387:Rubeostratilia
2383:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2326:
2320:
2315:
2312:
2311:
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2257:
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2240:
2234:
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2230:
2223:
2215:
2207:
2205:
2199:
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2195:
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2174:
2167:
2160:
2153:
2145:
2139:
2133:
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2129:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2058:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2038:
2032:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1985:Branchierpeton
1980:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1960:
1950:
1947:Dissorophoidea
1945:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1925:Dissorophoidea
1922:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1895:Dissorophoidea
1891:
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1885:
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1833:
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1821:
1812:
1806:
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1790:
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1786:Dissorophoidea
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1782:
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1759:
1753:
1752:
1741:
1740:External links
1738:
1735:
1734:
1683:
1624:
1549:
1522:(4): 409–431.
1506:
1495:(3): 502–522.
1479:
1460:
1441:
1436:10.1086/621585
1406:
1385:(1): 137–156.
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814:Branchiosaurus
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298:Classification
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62:
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52:
51:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2744:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2695:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2677:
2673:
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2530:
2529:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2507:Piasimotriton
2504:
2502:
2501:
2500:Milnererpeton
2497:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2469:
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2466:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2436:sensu stricto
2433:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2398:Micropholidae
2395:
2389:
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2382:
2381:
2380:Plemmyradytes
2377:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2345:Gerobatrachus
2342:
2340:
2339:
2338:Georgenthalia
2335:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2313:
2299:
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2224:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2203:Dissorophinae
2200:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2157:Arkanserpeton
2154:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2137:Dissorophidae
2134:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2116:
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2113:
2109:
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2015:
2014:
2010:
2008:
2007:
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2000:
1996:
1994:
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1989:
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1986:
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1981:
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1967:
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1962:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1927:
1926:
1920:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1884:
1883:Temnospondyli
1880:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1868:Temnospondyli
1865:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1826:
1825:Temnospondyli
1822:
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1816:
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1807:
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1795:
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1614:on 2015-06-26
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1198:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1166:Gerobatrachus
1161:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1137:
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1130:
1129:
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1015:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1000:
997:
996:
992:
990:
986:
982:
978:
977:Gerobatrachus
974:
970:
969:
968:Gerobatrachus
960:
958:
951:
950:
942:
941:
933:
932:
924:
923:
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914:
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728:
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721:
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704:
703:
697:
694:
693:
687:
686:
683:
682:
674:
673:
670:
669:
668:
667:Georgenthalia
661:
660:
657:
656:
653:
652:
651:
650:Gerobatrachus
644:
643:
637:
636:
630:
629:
623:
622:
619:
618:
610:
609:
606:
605:
604:
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587:
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584:
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569:
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559:
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546:
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527:
524:
523:
522:
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514:
511:
510:
507:
506:
505:
498:
497:
491:
490:
484:
483:
480:
479:
476:
475:
474:
467:
466:
460:
459:Micropholidae
457:
456:
450:
449:
446:
445:
442:
441:
440:
433:
432:
426:
425:
422:
421:
418:
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409:
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390:
384:
383:
377:
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373:
366:
364:
362:
358:
354:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
332:
331:
326:
324:
320:
313:
311:
310:Dissorophidae
307:
306:
297:
295:
293:
292:Early Permian
289:
288:Carboniferous
285:
284:temnospondyls
282:
278:
274:
259:
255:
250:
249:
247:
244:
240:
237:
235:
230:
225:
218:
212:
209:
208:
205:
199:
196:
193:
192:
189:
188:Temnospondyli
183:
180:
179:
176:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
149:
144:
139:
135:
132:
131:
126:
122:
117:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
48:
41:
34:
33:Early Permian
30:
29:Carboniferous
22:
19:
2654:Amphibamidae
2624:Amphibamidae
2623:
2551:Lissamphibia
2539:Lissamphibia
2526:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2493:Melanerpeton
2491:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2452:Doleserpeton
2450:
2443:
2435:
2432:Amphibamidae
2431:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2385:
2378:
2373:Platyrhinops
2371:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2295:
2288:
2283:Reiszerpeton
2281:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2225:
2217:
2210:
2192:Platyhystrix
2190:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2164:Aspidosaurus
2162:
2155:
2148:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2054:Trematopidae
2041:
2029:Olsoniformes
2013:Nyranerpeton
2011:
2004:
1999:Limnogyrinus
1997:
1992:Eimerisaurus
1990:
1983:
1963:
1923:
1814:
1746:Amphibamidae
1700:
1696:
1686:
1641:
1637:
1627:
1616:. Retrieved
1609:the original
1572:
1568:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1473:
1469:
1463:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1422:(1): 38–82.
1419:
1415:
1409:
1382:
1378:
1343:
1257:
1242:
1210:
1209:
1194:
1165:
1164:
1143:Doleserpeton
1141:
1140:
1117:
1116:
1095:Platyrhinops
1093:
1092:
1069:
1068:
1036:
1035:
1019:
1018:
999:Amphibamidae
998:
988:
985:Doleserpeton
984:
976:
973:Doleserpeton
972:
966:
964:
957:
870:
869:
853:
852:
829:
828:
812:
811:
749:
748:
732:
731:
708:
707:
696:Lissamphibia
665:
664:
648:
647:
600:
599:
598:
583:Doleserpeton
581:
580:
579:
568:Amphibamidae
567:
519:
518:
502:
501:
471:
470:
439:Platyrhinops
437:
436:
413:
412:
389:Olsoniformes
387:
360:
356:
350:
341:
337:
333:
328:
323:Doleserpeton
319:Platyrhinops
317:Amphibamus,
316:
314:
303:
301:
281:dissorophoid
273:Amphibamidae
272:
270:
260:Peliontidae
232:
221:Moodie, 1909
217:Amphibamidae
216:
194:
128:
47:Lissamphibia
24:Amphibamidae
18:
2717:Amphibamids
2648:Wikispecies
2528:Xerodromeus
2486:Leptorophus
2407:Micropholis
2359:Limnerpeton
2247:Brevidorsum
2238:Eucacopinae
2227:Dissorophus
2212:Broiliellus
2178:Iratusaurus
2150:Anakamacops
2112:Phonerpeton
2098:Mattauschia
2043:Palodromeus
1347:lepospondyl
1038:Micropholis
855:Leptorophus
521:Micropholis
342:Micropholis
2711:Categories
2445:Amphibamus
2414:Pasawioops
2297:Zygosaurus
2261:Conjunctio
2219:Diploseira
2077:Anconastes
2070:Actiobates
1904:see below↓
1618:2015-06-25
1457:: 185–191.
1357:References
1119:Amphibamus
989:Amphibamus
710:Eocaecilia
602:Amphibamus
504:Pasawioops
376:Xerodromes
305:Amphibamus
227:Subgroups
2421:Tersomius
2366:Nanobamus
2352:Kermitops
2290:Scapanops
2185:Nooxobeia
2126:Tambachia
2084:Ecolsonia
1802:Kingdom:
1660:0027-8424
1605:205212809
1536:1477-2019
1401:0022-3360
1021:Tersomius
981:Batrachia
473:Tersomius
330:Tersomius
161:Kingdom:
155:Eukaryota
2639:Q2844161
2633:Wikidata
2599:Category
2331:Eoscopus
2275:Parioxys
2268:Kamacops
2119:Rotaryus
2063:Acheloma
1810:Chordata
1808:Phylum:
1804:Animalia
1729:30631641
1678:28630337
1597:18497824
1544:86207414
1071:Eoscopus
734:Karaurus
415:Eoscopus
338:Eoscopus
262:Cope, MS
243:Synonyms
234:See text
210:Family:
175:Chordata
171:Phylum:
165:Animalia
151:Domain:
2668:3241143
2472:Apateon
2091:Fedexia
1965:Stegops
1823:Order:
1748:in the
1720:6322490
1669:5502650
1577:Bibcode
1476:: 1–59.
1424:Bibcode
1244:Caudata
1001:
831:Apateon
181:Order:
2694:123081
2681:116353
2254:Cacops
2105:Mordex
1727:
1717:
1676:
1666:
1658:
1603:
1595:
1569:Nature
1542:
1534:
1399:
277:family
256:, 1969
2676:IRMNG
1815:Clade
1697:PeerJ
1612:(PDF)
1601:S2CID
1565:(PDF)
1540:S2CID
1196:Anura
195:Clade
2663:GBIF
2549:see
1881:see
1854:see
1725:PMID
1674:PMID
1656:ISSN
1593:PMID
1532:ISSN
1397:ISSN
987:and
327:and
271:The
254:Bolt
54:PreꞒ
1715:PMC
1705:doi
1664:PMC
1646:doi
1642:114
1585:doi
1573:453
1524:doi
1497:doi
1432:doi
1387:doi
279:of
2713::
2691::
2678::
2665::
2650::
2635::
1817::
1723:.
1713:.
1699:.
1695:.
1672:.
1662:.
1654:.
1640:.
1636:.
1599:.
1591:.
1583:.
1571:.
1567:.
1552:^
1538:.
1530:.
1518:.
1493:25
1491:.
1474:85
1472:.
1455:29
1453:.
1430:.
1420:17
1418:.
1395:.
1383:93
1381:.
1377:.
1365:^
1353:.
971:,
321:,
312:.
236:.
197::
104:Pg
40:Ma
35:,
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2278:?
2222:?
1778:e
1771:t
1764:v
1731:.
1707::
1701:6
1680:.
1648::
1621:.
1587::
1579::
1546:.
1526::
1520:6
1503:.
1499::
1438:.
1434::
1426::
1403:.
1389::
334:.
325:,
290:-
214:†
201:†
185:†
109:N
99:K
94:J
89:T
84:P
79:C
74:D
69:S
64:O
59:Ꞓ
31:–
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
