269:, the territory's French Governor invited Tiruvengada Pillai and other important Indian merchants of Madras, to his city. Relying on Nainiya Pillai's advice, Tiruvengada moved with his family and businesses to Pondicherry and settled there. Soon afterwards, Nainiya Pillai fell out of favor with the Governor and was imprisoned and later died. In contrast, Tiruvengada rapidly rose in favor with the French rulers and attained a respectable position in the city.
307:
647:, In 1892, the existence of the diary was brought to the notice of Lieutenant General H. Macleod, the British Consular Agent in Pondicherry. At the direction of Lord Wenlock, the then Governor of Madras, an English translation of the diary from Gallois-Montbrun's copy was attempted. This was completed in 1896. An Indian edition in 12 volumes was released by Agani Publishers of Puducherry on 5 January 2020.
433:
those between
Prakasa Mudali and Tiruvengada Pillai, etc. Not to be left behind, on 30 November 1745, Ananda Ranga's great rival Kanakaraya Mudali constructed a church at Ozhukkarai and celebrated its consecration by providing a great feast. Ananda Ranga Pillai, however, reported heavy criticism from guests for inviting people of non-Christian faiths for the feast celebrating the consecration of a church.
464:. However, Ananda Ranga Pillai seems to have been reluctant to accept the post initially when the Governor nominated Ananda Ranga Pillai for the post. However, on the insistence of Mrs. Dupleix he accepted. At that time, he came to know that another aspirant Annapurna Aiyan had bribed the Governor and his wife for the post. However, this attempt failed as Ananda Ranga Pillai was eventually appointed chief
441:
Ranga Pillai, however, soon cleared off his debts by paying one Suga Singh the money the
Company owed him. However, still, Dupleix demanded 1,000 pagodas that Ananda Ranga Pillai owed the company. It was evident that much more than the service Ananda Ranga Pillai had rendered to the company, it was Ananda Ranga Pillai's position as Dupleix's favorite that had helped him scale the ladder.
36:
639:, a scholar of Oriental languages, in 1846, who immediately set upon translating the manuscript to French. However, when the translated manuscript was being edited a number of gaps were discovered The gaps were supplemented when volumes one and two of Ananda Ranga Pillai's diary were found. These were subsequently translated into French in 1870 and 1889. In 1894,
503:
India was at its zenith. However, the arrival of Robert Clive thwarted the French attempts to win the battle for Chanda Sahib and the French eventually lost. During the later stages of the war, Pillai notes, Dupleix's temperament grew highly irritable and officers, including himself, feared to approach him. The lavishly constructed palace at
Pondicherry, the
416:
456:. He also supervised the regular payment of revenue. Official communications to the Governor, too, was handled by him. He performed errands for the Governor and adjudicated on criminal cases. In May 1746, he interceded on behalf of one Karaikal Tiruvengadam who had been imprisoned and obtained his release.
436:
On 12 February 1746, Kanakaraya Mudali died and on his death, there was an inheritance dispute between his heirs. A Committee of 20 officials were appointed to arbitrate and Ananda Ranga Pillai led the committee. The
Committee decided that Chinna Mudali, the brother of the deceased Kanakaraya Mudali
440:
Apart from pleasing the
Governor through his service, Ananda Ranga Pillai also incurred the Governor's wrath on certain occasions. There was at least one occasion during the period when Ananda Ranga was questioned by Dupleix regarding payment of the large sum of money he owed to the company. Ananda
432:
in Kesava Aiyan's place. Kanakaraya Mudali secured his objective despite the vehement protests of Ananda Ranga Pillai. On 29 June 1744, the marriage of Ananda Ranga Pillai's daughter Papal was conducted in regal splendor. Ananda Ranga further solidified his position by mediating in disputes such as
397:
that year, he conceded and even offered to pay off Ananda Ranga Pillai's debts. But Ananda Ranga Pillai refused. The matter was raised before the
Council where Ananda Ranga had to answer for the charges brought out against him. Ananda Ranga pleaded with Mr. Golard a member of the Council explaining
459:
Soon after
Kanakaraya Mudali's death in February 1746, his younger brother Chinna Mudali started making efforts to obtain the post of Chief Dubash which his brother had previously held. However, the property dispute he had with Kanakaraya Mudali's wife and his own lack of competence and skill soon
502:
supporting his claim in the war of succession to the throne of
Carnatic. The British felt compelled to intervene and support Muhammad Ali in order to check the rise of French influence in the Deccan. In the early stages of the war, the French gained the upper hand and by May 1751, French power in
444:
Ananda Ranga Pillai was questioned by the
Governor regarding the ill-treatment of a prisoner called Mari Chetti. Chinna Mudali was deputed to interrogate two eyewitnesses Tandavarayan and Rangan and they swore that Ananda Ranga's conduct towards Mari Chetty was, in no way, objectionable. Based on
634:
On Ananda Ranga Pillai's death, the diaries came into the possession of his nephew
Tiruvengadam Pillai who appears to have maintained a series of records of his own until the beginning of 1770. Subsequent generations of the family had discarded it until the manuscript was recovered in a decrepit
584:
in 1760. It was recently recognized as a heritage monument by the Government of Puducherry. The mansion is known for its unique blend of Indian and French architecture: the ground floor being built in Indian fashion, while the columns which supported the terrace followed the French architectural
541:
Since the discovery and translation of his diaries during the 19th and early 20th centuries, Ananda Ranga Pillai has accumulated a great deal of posthumous fame and recognition for his depiction of 18th century South India, the intrigues and deals in French Pondicherry and his description of the
427:
From 1743 onwards, Ananda Ranga won the confidence of the Governor of Pondicherry and rose up the ranks. when the suburban villages of Pondicherry were leased for five years to Kumara Pillai, Vira Nayakkan, Chandramadi Pillai, and Ella Pillai, Ananda Ranga Pillai was able to offer surety for the
213:
from the years 1736 to 1761 which portray life in 18th century India. He is also remembered for developing the Tiruvengadam courtage strategy, a new method of courtage in India that is popularly described in several Indian economic books. As described in his journals, it consists in developing a
596:
Ananda Ranga Pillai patronized the Hindu religion, arts and poetry. And in return, poets praised Pillai in their works. Tamil poet Namasivaya Pulavar, who also wrote a verse in praise of Ananda Ranga's father, Tiruvenkadam Pillai, wrote that Ananda Ranga was as learned as the thousand-headed
510:
Pillai also expressed strong disapproval of some of the allegedly corrupt measures of Governor Dupleix's wife Madame Dupleix. The bitterness led to open hostilities between them. Pillai was given the charge of collecting the revenue of a few villages in Karaikal and he performed his duties
321:
who succeeded La Prévostière had great regard for Tiruvengada Pillai and his family. Hence on Tiruvengada Pillai's death in 1726, he gave employment to his son Ananda Ranga Pillai in the French East India Company and made him the chief of the Indian employees at the company's factory at
388:
Kanakaraya Mudali flared up into a conflagration. Observing that Ananda Ranga Pillai had not remitted the interest for the loan he had borrowed to pay coral merchants, Kanakaraya Mudali reported the same to the Governor. Initially, the Governor Dumas insisted upon the
491:. The British responded to the French occupation of Madras by launching an invasion of Pondicherry in July 1747. This invasion launched by Admiral Boscawen ultimately failed to capture Pondicherry but hostilities soon came to an end by the Treaty of Aix-la-Chappelle.
349:
position passed into the hands of another family as Guruva Pillai's children had been raised as Hindus and the Chief Ecclesiastes of the Colony strongly desired that the holders of the particular office needed to be a Christian. When Dupleix became the Governor, the
518:
in the year 1754. With Dupleix's departure for France, Pillai's influence in the colony began to decline. To make matters worse, he was frequently troubled by poor health. By 1756, his health had deteriorated to such an extent that the Governor-General
480:
326:. Soon, Ananda Ranga proved his worth. Large quantities of blue cloth were manufactured at Porto Novo. This was made possible mainly due to the efforts of Ananda Ranga Pillai who also established trading posts at Lalapettai and
643:, Professor of the Special School of Livino-Oriental Languages at Paris who had published the second translation (which was, obviously, incomplete) published a supposed full translation of Ananda Ranga Pillai's diaries titled
229:
and served in his capacity until his removal on grounds of ill-health and deteriorating performance. Ananda Ranga died in 1761 at the age of 51. Ananda Ranga was especially known for his proximity to the French Governor
265:, then, the center of Tiruvengada Pillai's business activities. In 1716, at the behest of Nainiya Pillai, brother-in-law of Tiruvengada Pillai, who then functioned as the chief Indian agent of French Pondicherry,
542:
French conquest of Madras and the Carnatic Wars. His set of diaries have emerged as one of our primary sources of reference on the Carnatic Wars. Ananda Ranga Pillai has been referred to by
358:
with whom Ananda Ranga Pillai had a bitter rivalry. However, Kanakaraya Mudali died in the year 1746 and in 1747, after many consultations and decision-making, Ananda Ranga Pillai was made
428:
renters for a period of five years. Nevertheless, when Kesava Aiyan died, Ananda Ranga was not able to prevent Kanakaraya Mudali from nominating his brother-in-law Gavinivasa Mudali as
487:
The official appointment of Ananda Ranga Pillai was delayed by a couple of years due to the stoppage of trade arising out of the outbreak of hostilities between the French and the
437:
was the rightful heir to his estate. However, Chinna Mudali was not satisfied and the matter dragged on until April 1746, when Ananda Ranga's diplomacy finally sealed the matter.
531:
Pillai's health worsened with the passage of time. However, he notes in his diary, the corruption and intrigues which allegedly plagued the French colony on Dupleix's departure.
588:
A diary maintained by Muthu Vijaya Tiruvengadam Pillai, grandson of Ananda Ranga Pillai, related the period from 1794 to 1796 was translated and published on 30 March 2000.
280:
who succeeded d’Hébert induced Tiruvengada to return. Meanwhile, Nainiya Pillai's son Guruva Pillai escaped to France via Madras. His charges against d’Hébert before the
412:. During Dupleix's tenure, Ananda Ranga rose to the zenith of power and prominence in French India and exercised firm control over the internal affairs of the territory.
345:
was a merchant in service of the company who roughly performed the task of a translator and intermediary between Indian and European merchants. On Guruva's death, the
626:
to Vijayapuram and Delhi and praised him for the "conquest of Vanga, Kalinga and Telinga". Pillai, in turn, gifted Tyagaraja with costly ornaments, money and land.
760:
514:
Following the unsuccessful bid at territorial expansion, Dupleix's fortunes declined rapidly. He fell out of favour and was replaced as Governor-General with
1636:
687:
1774:
1660:
401:
On 22 October 1739, Kanakaraya Mudali's son, Velvendra Mudali died at the age of 21. Velvendra's mother committed suicide on hearing the news.
1901:
237:
Ananda Ranga Pillai's diaries were translated in the early 20th century and bring to light life in the mid-18th century and the Anglo-French
330:
for trading Indian merchandise for European manufactures. Ananda's fortune reached greater heights during the tenure of Le Noir's successor
618:, a poem of 400 lines in praise of Ananda Ranga Pillai. This work, it is believed, took 16 years to complete and was presented to the
1083:. Ainslie Thomas Embree, Stephen N. Hay, Wm. Theodore De Bary (2 ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. 1988. pp. 7–8.
1722:
1617:
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266:
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On 19 October 1741, Dumas left Pondicherry leaving charge to the Deputy Governor who ruled Pondicherry until 14 January 1742 when
398:
that he had never paid interest before. At length, the Council decided in favor of Ananda Ranga Pillai and his debt was waived.
498:
of French India. Soon afterwards, hostilities with the British broke out once again. The French waged a proxy war on behalf of
298:. Guruva Pillai died in 1724 followed by Tiruvengada Pillai in June 1726. His name is mentioned in the history of 8th class.
1906:
1886:
460:
saw him out of the race. On 12 June 1746, de Bausset, a longtime companion of Ananda Ranga Pillai urged him to campaign for
726:
277:
483:
Joseph François Dupleix, who is alleged to have shown an unusual amount of liking and patronization for Ananda Ranga Pillai
373:"On considering this transaction, it appears to me that our lordly Governor was bereft of sense; and it was in this wise".
1686:
511:
satisfactorily despite the prevalence of inconsistencies and unreliability of the records kept by his subordinate agents.
1896:
569:
Ananda Ranga Pillai traded in cloth, yarn, indigo and arecanut with Manila, Mocha and Mascareigne. He had his own ship,
607:
in him who was generous enough to offer him all the wealth that he wanted. Kasturi Rangaiyan wrote an ode composed in
581:
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405:
231:
241:. His mansion in Pondicherry has been recognized as a heritage monument. C. S. Srinivasachari, a prominent Indian
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203:
112:
534:
Pillai died on 12 January 1761 at the age of 51, just four days before Pondicherry surrendered to the troops of
559:
257:
Ananda Ranga Pillai was born to a famous yadava Merchant Tiruvengada Pillai on 30 March 1709 in the village of
453:
622:
in the year 1755. In the poem, Tyagaraja venerated Ananda Ranga as the sovereign whose kingdom extended from
520:
1643:
331:
289:
1891:
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where the family pursued their business interests. On his father's death in 1726, Ananda Ranga was made
1715:
The view from below: indigenous society, temples, and the early colonial state in Tamilnadu, 1700–1835
538:. Pillai left behind three daughters. He also had two sons Annasamy and Ayyasamy who predeceased him.
1881:
1876:
1805:
656:
378:– Ananda Ranga Pillai on Governor Dupleix, regarding Dupleix's decision over a minor local dispute.|
551:
284:
were responsible for the removal and replacement of Governor d’Hébert. Guruva Pillai later adopted
603:
serpent. Madurakkavirayar wrote that when he saw Ananda Ranga Pillai, he beheld the whole town of
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604:
488:
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in a well-to-do family. At a very early age, Ananda Ranga Pillai emigrated with his father to
154:
63:
562:. C. S. Srinivasachari, a prominent Indian historian, described Ananda Ranga Pillai as "the
1610:
The Trading World of the Tamil Merchant: Evolution of Merchant Capitalism in the Coromandel
306:
608:
555:
515:
420:
384:
In November 1738, the bitter rivalry that had existed between Ananda Ranga Pillai and the
210:
576:
Ananda Ranga Pillai's house in Pondicherry, which is located in a street named after the
468:. Mrs. Dupleix allegedly demanded exorbitant bribes in order to support his candidature.
126:
which narrate the day-to-day functioning of the French East India Company in Pondicherry
543:
185:
1870:
640:
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paying the interest but later, on learning of the heavy losses that had befallen the
323:
238:
1850:
666:
563:
499:
409:
285:
246:
85:
35:
734:
1817:. Translated by Sir J. Frederick Price, K. Rangachari. Madras: Government Press.
448:
Throughout Dupleix's tenure, Ananda Ranga Pillai entertained dignitaries as the
222:
81:
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699:
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839:
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242:
179:
25:
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258:
96:
59:
415:
262:
218:
1845:
866:
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623:
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327:
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272:
On the arrest of Nainiya Pillai, Tiruvengada Pillai had fled to
1667:. 30 March 2000. Archived from the original on 3 December 2005
720:
718:
716:
1775:"Tamil Nadu : Ananda Ranga Pillai takes us back in time"
494:
In 1748, Ananda Ranga Pillai was officially designated chief
1637:"18th century Tamil building: Ananda Ranga Pillai mansion"
1631:
1629:
1603:
1601:
1569:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1922, Volume VIII
1557:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1922, Volume VIII
1542:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1922, Volume VIII
1530:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1922, Volume VIII
1518:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1922, Volume VIII
369:
214:
strategy of making new fraud coins in a parallel economy.
334:
who, too, seemed to have had a favorable opinion of him.
288:
and settled down in France, where he was admitted to the
1462:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1907, Volume II
1450:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1907, Volume II
1438:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1907, Volume II
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The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1907, Volume II
1414:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1907, Volume II
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The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1907, Volume II
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The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1907, Volume II
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The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1907, Volume II
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The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1907, Volume II
1342:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1907, Volume II
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The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1907, Volume II
1318:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1907, Volume II
1306:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1907, Volume II
1294:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1907, Volume II
1282:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1907, Volume II
1234:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1907, Volume II
1222:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1907, Volume II
192:; 30 March 1709 – 16 January 1761) (often pronounced as
1762:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
1750:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
1738:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
1593:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
1581:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1917, Volume V
1501:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1917, Volume V
1489:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1917, Volume V
1477:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1917, Volume V
1390:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
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The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
1258:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
1246:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
1210:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
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The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
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The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
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The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
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The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
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The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
1138:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
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The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
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The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
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The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
1039:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
1027:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
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The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
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The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
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The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
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The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
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The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
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The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
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The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
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The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
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The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
907:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
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The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
883:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
871:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
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The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
819:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
804:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
781:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai 1904, Volume I
1826:. Translated by H. Dodwell. Madras: Government Press.
573:, which sailed on long trading voyages on high seas.
337:
Until his death, Guruva Pillai had functioned as the
1815:
The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai, Volume II
168:
160:
150:
142:
130:
118:
108:
92:
70:
45:
23:
1802:The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai, Volume I
1642:. French institute of Pondicherry. Archived from
688:"Ananda Ranga Pillai's diaries in plain Tamil"
580:, was one of the few buildings to survive the
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
452:of Fort St David, Indian merchants, and even
8:
172:Pappal,Ponnachi, Nannachi Annasamy, Ayyasamy
445:this evidence, Ananda Ranga was acquitted.
276:fearing arrest and ill-treatment. However,
234:, who favored him in various appointments.
1830:
1824:The Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai, Volume V
1808:, K. Rangachari. Madras: Government Press.
34:
20:
1661:"18th century diary to be released today"
635:state by Gallois-Montbrun, the Mayor of
630:Discovery and translation of the diaries
523:was obliged to remove him from service.
245:, described Ananda Ranga Pillai as the "
678:
1678:
1104:
1073:
1071:
763:from the original on 17 January 2022.
7:
550:and had attracted the curiosity of
209:He is mainly famous for his set of
727:"The Samuel Pepys of French India"
507:was completed during this period.
14:
1717:. Orient Blackswan. p. 159.
1612:. Orient Blackswan. p. 140.
40:A portrait of Ananda Ranga Pillai
217:Ananda Ranga Pillai was born in
686:Kolappan, B. (6 October 2019).
1:
1822:Pillai, Ananda Ranga (1917).
1813:Pillai, Ananda Ranga (1907).
1800:Pillai, Ananda Ranga (1904).
725:Sundaram, V. (21 July 2005).
423:in Ananda Ranga Pillai's time
1902:18th century in French India
757:"Rare Book Society of India"
1713:Kanakalatha Mukund (2005).
1608:Kanakalatha Mukund (1999).
1080:Sources of Indian tradition
1923:
1857:
1841:
1833:
1685:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
662:Pedro Kanakaraya Mudaliar
560:Mandyam Srinivasa Iyengar
319:Pierre Christophe Le Noir
204:French East India Company
189:
113:French East India Company
33:
645:Les Français dans l'Inde
614:Tyagaraja Desikar wrote
267:Guillaume André d'Hébert
1740:, Introduction, p. xiii
806:, Introduction, p. viii
521:Georges Duval de Leyrit
406:Joseph François Dupleix
232:Joseph François Dupleix
1806:Sir J. Frederick Price
1752:, Introduction, p. xiv
1111:: CS1 maint: others (
783:, Introduction, p. vii
484:
424:
315:
314:at the church he built
290:Order of Saint Michael
202:in the service of the
1907:18th-century diarists
1887:History of Puducherry
1764:, Introduction, p. xv
842:, Introduction, p. ix
482:
454:Mahé de Labourdonnais
418:
309:
873:, Introduction, p. x
737:on 24 September 2008
657:Pachaiyappa Mudaliar
582:Siege of Pondicherry
261:on the outskirts of
1897:People from Chennai
1860:Tiruvengadam Pillai
616:Ananda Rangan Kovai
552:Subrahmanya Bharati
332:Pierre Benoît Dumas
194:Ānañtarañkam Pillai
182:Ananda Ranga Pillai
28:Ananda Ranga Pillai
566:of French India".
485:
425:
341:of Pondicherry. A
316:
249:of French India".
190:ஆனந்தரங்கம் பிள்ளை
1865:
1864:
1858:Succeeded by
1837:Kanakaraya Mudali
592:Patronage of arts
462:Chief Dubash-ship
382:
381:
356:Kanakaraya Mudali
312:Kanakaraya Mudali
176:
175:
155:Kanakaraya Mudali
64:Madras Presidency
1914:
1834:Preceded by
1831:
1827:
1818:
1809:
1804:. Translated by
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1777:. 5 January 2020
1771:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1710:
1691:
1690:
1684:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1649:on 20 July 2008.
1648:
1641:
1633:
1624:
1623:
1605:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1560:
1554:
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747:
746:
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742:
733:. Archived from
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711:
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683:
527:Death and legacy
370:
191:
164:Mangathayi Ammal
77:
55:
53:
38:
21:
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755:
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738:
724:
723:
714:
704:
702:
685:
684:
680:
675:
653:
632:
594:
556:Aurobindo Ghosh
546:in his journal
529:
516:Charles Godeheu
477:
368:
304:
282:Duke of Orléans
255:
211:private diaries
88:
79:
75:
74:16 January 1761
66:
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29:
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11:
5:
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731:The News Today
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544:V. V. S. Aiyar
528:
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278:La Prévostière
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174:
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158:
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138:of Pondicherry
132:
128:
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119:Known for
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94:
90:
89:
80:
78:(aged 51)
72:
68:
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58:
47:
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31:
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24:
16:Indian diarist
15:
13:
10:
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2:
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1724:81-250-2800-5
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1619:81-250-1661-9
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1090:0-231-06650-3
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641:Julien Vinson
638:
629:
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617:
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579:
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572:
571:Anandappuravi
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
539:
537:
536:Colonel Coote
532:
526:
524:
522:
517:
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481:
475:
471:
469:
467:
463:
457:
455:
451:
446:
442:
438:
434:
431:
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419:A map of the
417:
413:
411:
408:arrived from
407:
402:
399:
396:
392:
387:
377:
376:
372:
371:
366:Rise to power
365:
363:
361:
357:
353:
348:
344:
340:
335:
333:
329:
325:
320:
313:
308:
301:
299:
297:
296:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
270:
268:
264:
260:
252:
250:
248:
244:
240:
239:Carnatic wars
235:
233:
228:
224:
220:
215:
212:
207:
205:
201:
200:
195:
187:
183:
181:
171:
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149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
114:
111:
107:
104:
103:
98:
95:
93:Occupation(s)
91:
87:
83:
73:
69:
65:
61:
56:30 March 1709
48:
44:
37:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1892:French India
1851:French India
1844:
1842:
1823:
1814:
1801:
1779:. Retrieved
1769:
1757:
1745:
1733:
1714:
1671:17 September
1669:. Retrieved
1664:
1655:
1644:the original
1609:
1588:
1576:
1564:
1537:
1525:
1496:
1484:
1457:
1445:
1433:
1421:
1409:
1397:
1385:
1373:
1361:
1349:
1337:
1325:
1313:
1301:
1289:
1277:
1265:
1253:
1241:
1229:
1217:
1205:
1193:
1181:
1169:
1157:
1145:
1133:
1121:
1079:
1058:
1046:
1034:
1022:
1010:
998:
986:
974:
962:
950:
938:
926:
914:
902:
890:
878:
751:
741:17 September
739:. Retrieved
735:the original
730:
703:. Retrieved
691:
681:
667:French India
644:
633:
619:
615:
613:
598:
595:
587:
577:
575:
570:
568:
564:Samuel Pepys
547:
540:
533:
530:
513:
509:
505:Gouvernement
504:
500:Chanda Sahib
495:
493:
486:
473:
465:
461:
458:
449:
447:
443:
439:
435:
429:
426:
410:Chandannagar
403:
400:
394:
390:
386:chief dubash
385:
383:
360:chief dubash
359:
352:chief dubash
351:
347:chief dubash
346:
342:
339:chief dubash
338:
336:
317:
302:Early career
293:
286:Christianity
271:
256:
247:Samuel Pepys
236:
226:
216:
208:
197:
193:
178:
177:
122:His private
100:
86:French India
76:(1761-01-16)
18:
1882:1761 deaths
1877:1709 births
637:Pondicherry
605:Pondicherry
548:Balabharati
223:Pondicherry
151:Predecessor
82:Pondicherry
1871:Categories
1855:1748–1756
1794:References
1559:, p. xxiii
324:Porto Novo
253:Early life
52:1709-03-30
1681:cite news
1665:The Hindu
1571:, p. xxiv
1107:cite book
993:, p. 182.
705:6 October
700:0971-751X
692:The Hindu
472:As chief
295:chevalier
243:historian
180:M. R. Ry.
26:M. R. Ry.
1583:, p. iii
1503:, p. xiv
1464:, p. 245
1452:, p. 200
1440:, p. 199
1428:, p. 198
1392:, p. 406
1368:, p. 197
1356:, p. 183
1344:, p. 182
1332:, p. 144
1320:, p. 140
1308:, p. 139
1284:, p. 115
1272:, p. 399
1260:, p. 398
1248:, p. 396
1212:, p. 326
1200:, p. 380
1188:, p. 363
1176:, p. 346
1164:, p. 320
1152:, p. 315
1140:, p. 314
1128:, p. 311
1099:16093091
1065:, p. 284
1053:, p. 256
1041:, p. 252
1029:, p. 251
1017:, p. 227
1005:, p. 184
981:, p. 103
969:, p. 102
885:, p. 392
821:, p. 293
761:Archived
651:See also
600:Adisesha
421:Carnatic
354:was one
310:Bust of
259:Perambur
196:) was a
169:Children
109:Employer
97:merchant
60:Perambur
1781:6 April
1595:, p. 11
1532:, p. ix
1491:, p. ix
1479:, p. iv
1416:, p. 62
1404:, p. 61
1380:, p. 35
1296:, p. 72
1236:, p. 86
1224:, p. 79
957:, p. 77
945:, p. 76
933:, p. 75
921:, p. 71
909:, p. 69
897:, p. 66
585:style.
489:British
146:1709–61
124:diaries
1846:dubash
1843:Chief
1721:
1616:
1544:, p. x
1520:, p. v
1097:
1087:
698:
624:Gingee
620:dubash
609:Telugu
578:dubash
496:dubash
474:dubash
466:dubash
450:dubash
430:dubash
395:dubash
391:dubash
343:dubash
274:Madras
263:Madras
227:dubash
219:Madras
199:dubash
161:Spouse
136:Dubash
134:Chief
102:dubash
1647:(PDF)
1640:(PDF)
673:Notes
328:Arcot
292:as a
186:Tamil
131:Title
1783:2020
1719:ISBN
1687:link
1673:2008
1614:ISBN
1113:link
1095:OCLC
1085:ISBN
743:2008
707:2019
696:ISSN
558:and
143:Term
71:Died
46:Born
1849:of
1873::
1695:^
1683:}}
1679:{{
1663:.
1628:^
1600:^
1549:^
1508:^
1469:^
1109:}}
1105:{{
1093:.
1070:^
847:^
826:^
811:^
788:^
769:^
759:.
729:.
715:^
694:.
690:.
611:.
554:,
362:.
206:.
188::
99:,
84:,
62:,
1785:.
1727:.
1689:)
1675:.
1622:.
1115:)
1101:.
745:.
709:.
184:(
54:)
50:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
