457:
121:
747:"As its story is usually told, America's home-grown, accessible notation in triangles, circles, squares, and diamonds moved southward from Philadelphia and Harrisburg, Pennsylvania to Harrisonburg and Winchester, Virginia in the 1810s. Here, Ananias Davisson's Harrisonburg print-shop became a major publishing center for shape-note hymnody, and the tradition quickly spread throughout the MidAtlantic and Southern United States."
24:
298:(Harrisonburg, Virginia: 1820) went through three editions. It was notable for its inclusion of English, Scottish and Irish folk tunes paired with spiritual texts. It included very little New England hymnody or church hymns. Davisson specifically dedicated it to his "Methodist friends" for use in their
306:
The author's principle design in offering his
Supplement is, that his Methodist friends may be furnished with a suitable and proper arrangement of such pieces as may seem best to animate a zealous Christian in his acts of devotion; and while they sing with the spirit, let them learn to sing with the
231:
The invention of shape notes in
Philadelphia in 1801 had greatly enlarged the market for printed music. Even during the Davidson and Bourne days, Davisson traveled extensively to supplement his income by teaching singing schools. Sometime during 1815-1816 he acquired shape note fonts and began to
367:
712:"Further support of the view that Choral-Music was printed with Davisson's music fonts is found by comparing the music symbols of this tunebook with those of Kentucky Harmony, which have similar lines, and signs for clefs and note heads."
264:
of 1813, of collecting folk tunes, harmonizing them, and using them as vehicles for hymn texts, was followed by
Davisson from the very first. In contrast, the music advocated in New England and the Midwest by the "Better Music Boys" (e.g.
919:"Kentuck[y] harmony, or, A choice collection of Psalm tunes, hymns and anthems; in three parts taken from the most eminent authors, and well adapted to Christian churches, singing schools or private societies. Fifth Edition"
173:
tunebook. As a printer, he cultivated a network of singing school teachers and composers in
Virginia, Tennessee, and Kentucky who sold his tunebooks and sent him their own compositions. He spent his last years living on a farm at
468:
Davisson's songs and the tunes he collected are in continuous use both in small group singings and at all-day shape note singing events. The
Shenandoah Harmony (2013) contains 24 compositions by Davisson, 52 other songs from the
311:
The folk tunes themselves would have been familiar to the participants, making it easier to pair the religious texts. This was at a time when the
Methodists were a much smaller, out of the mainstream religion.
493:
only has "Idumea," but it has been sung 2667 times at all-day singings during the period 1995-2019, and was the second most popular song in 2019, sung at 140 different all-day singings held around the world.
673:, indicating a likely variance in the custom of spelling his name, as well as the increased probability that he was the same person associated earlier with Bourne in the printing business."
438:
The tune has been arranged for SSATB choir and two violins by
Richard Bjella, and during 1993–1996 Larry Bell composed an "Idumea Symphony" (Symphony No. 2, op. 40). The 2006 album
947:, who in the same article says "The words are both existentialist and apocalyptic at the same time and call up something deep and terrified in me every time I sing it."
1280:
285:
has no
European compositions, retains the best of the New England fuging tunes, makes extensive use of regional folk tunes, and has 60% of its songs in the minor key.
791:
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349:
Davisson's iconic tune first appeared in the
Kentucky Harmony in 1816, based on a folk song, with treble and bass voices composed by Davisson, as a setting for
368:
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There are records of a printing firm in
Harrisburg called Davidson and Bourne active 1812-1816; there are reasons for believing that
525:
107:
41:
950:
1300:
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165:, supplementing his income as a farmer by conducting singing classes in the Shenandoah Valley. He established a printing shop in
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60:
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361:" (the name of Biblical Edom during the Roman period), pronounced "Eye-DEW-mee-a" or "Eye-DEW-mee" by traditional singers.
944:
799:
322:
Introduction to Sacred Music, Extracted from the Kentucky Harmony and Chiefly Intended for the Benefit of Young Scholars
67:
183:
162:
158:
578:
White Spirituals in the Southern Uplands: The Story of the Fasola Folk, Their Songs, Singings, and "buckwheat Notes"
899:
White Spirituals in the Southern Uplands: The Story of the Fasola Folk, Their Songs, Singings, and "Buckwheat Notes
750:
715:
676:
510:"Four leading shape-note tune books of this period, each containing a number of folk hymns, are Ananias Davisson's
270:
918:
448:
features several versions of "Idumea", each by a different vocalist, although only a couple use Davidsson's tune.
74:
34:
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241:
621:, "Ananias Davisson, Robert Boyd, Reubin Monday, John Martin, and Archibald Rhea in East Tennessee, 1816-26",
56:
440:
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149:, Davisson's compilations are "pioneer repositories of a sort of song that the rural South really liked."
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216:, who obtained shape note fonts and began a separate enterprise for publishing music in 1816. The
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in his Kentucky Harmony, the Rockingham County Deed Books of this period also record Ananias
547:
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179:
161:. His wife was named Ann (surname unknown); they had no children. In 1804 he bought land in
141:
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540:"the very first shape-note book produced south of the Mason-Dixon line, Ananias Davisson's
120:
489:
1002:
228:
tunebook in German, so it is believed that Davisson was the printer of Funk's tune book.
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460:
Singing Davisson's "Retirement" at his graveside, following an all-day singing from the
954:
618:
387:
357:, 1707). Following the convention of using a toponym for the tune name, he called it "
132:
752:
The Brandstetter Tunebook: Shapenote Dissemination and the Germans of Western Maryland
1244:
410:
220:
was printed early in 1816, and the same fonts were used later in the year to publish
299:
266:
187:
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The first appearance of the tune with the present words ("And am I born to die?";
182:, and died October 21, 1857. He is buried in the Massanutten-Cross Keys Cemetery,
432:
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221:
23:
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Thirty-second Report. Society for the History of the Germans in Maryland. 1966
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Thirty-second Report. Society for the History of the Germans in Maryland. 1966
445:
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233:
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136:
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in 1816, and in that year published the Kentucky Harmony, the first Southern
145:, which is the first Southern shape-note tunebook. According to musicologist
225:
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Church, active in the Presbytery of Winchester and the Synod of Virginia.
427:; (the other shape song in the film, led in a church by Reverend Monroe (
381:, in four parts, using lyrics by Isaac Watts, "My God, my life, my love."
1183:
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514:(the first Southern shape-note tunebook, Harrisonburg, VA, 1816)..."
402:(1867), Walker composed a new alto part, the one that is used today.
409:
of 6678. It has been covered by numerous folk music groups, such as
481:(2005 edition) contains 7 compositions and 8 arrangements, and the
273:, and others) sought to emulate European styles, while denigrating
455:
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The tune "Idumea" as it first appeared in Ananias Davisson's 1816
119:
915:(sic), as made available by the University of Kentucky Library:
358:
518:
Sing with Understanding: An Introduction to Christian Hymnology
477:, and is used in over a dozen all-day singings worldwide. The
17:
1062:
Cold Mountain - Battle of the Crater (Siege of Petersburg) HD
842:
University of Kentucky Special Collections Research Center.
641:. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press. p. 104.
398:, who omitted the alto. When he again published the song in
1215:
Ananias Davisson: Southern Tune-Book Compiler (1780- 1857)
716:"Joseph Funk's "Allgemein nützliche Choral-Music" (1816)"
252:(1813) to Methodists and Baptists, Davisson targeted the
635:
Steel, David Warren; Hulan, Richard H. (December 2010).
331:
In addition to his own tunebooks, Davisson also printed
1091:
Davisson, Ananias; Bjella, Richard (arranger) (2008).
139:
tunebooks. He is best known for his 1816 compilation
260:
to Methodists. However, the idea, first used in the
485:contains Idumea, Imandra, and "The Lord's Supper."
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
901:. University of North Carolina Press. p. 177.
784:are roughly 60% minor; even the early editions of
417:. The tune is also featured in the motion picture
1007:Mainly Norfolk: English Folk and Other Good Music
580:. University of North Carolina Press. p. 30.
339:(1821) and Mennonite tunebooks for Joseph Funk.
186:. Davisson was a member and ruling elder of the
1222:Steel, David Warren; Hulan, Richard H. (2010).
355:Horae Lyricae: Poems, Chiefly of the Lyric Kind
911:It appears on page 33 of the facsimile of the
1226:. University of Illinois Press. p. 104.
1130:Nast, Condé; Lindhart, Alex (July 21, 2006).
794:One of the most beautiful of those old minors
8:
544:, published in Harrison, Virginia, in 1816"
131:(February 2, 1780 – October 21, 1857) was a
1003:"> The Watersons > Songs > Idumea"
1190:. Sacred Harp Musical Heritage Association
661:"Although Davisson's last name is spelled
1031:The Young Tradition, "Galleries" — Idumea
224:'s "Allgemein nützliche Choral-Music", a
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
1184:"Song Use in The Sacred Harp, 1995-2019"
625:Vol. 1, No. 3 (Autumn, 1983), pp. 72-84.
552:. Univ. of Tennessee Press. p. 34.
520:. Nashville, Tennessee: Broadman Press.
516:Eskew, Harry; McElrath, Hugh T. (1980).
1281:People from Shenandoah County, Virginia
844:"A Supplement, To the Kentucky Harmony"
549:A companion to the New harp of Columbia
503:
431:) is "I'm Going Home," page 282 in the
423:(2003), during the scene depicting the
320:Other books published by Davisson were
157:Davisson was born February 2, 1780, in
1072:from the original on December 12, 2021
1041:from the original on December 12, 2021
591:
589:
587:
324:, (Harrisonburg, Virginia: 1821), and
232:print music. Following the pattern of
1132:"Current 93: Black Ships Ate the Sky"
983:. English Folk Dance and Song Society
353:'s "My God, my life, my love" (93 in
256:to his fellow Presbyterians, and the
7:
1311:19th-century American businesspeople
1306:19th-century American male musicians
1276:People from Augusta County, Virginia
1097:. Alliance Musical Publications Inc.
868:Of the camp meetings songs from the
822:A Supplement to the Kentucky Harmony
296:A Supplement to the Kentucky Harmony
290:A Supplement to the Kentucky Harmony
46:adding citations to reliable sources
1266:American music publishers (people)
872:that have been republished in the
596:Dictionary Of Virginia Biography.
475:Supplement to the Kentucky Harmony
326:A Small Collection of Sacred Music
258:Supplement to the Kentucky Harmony
14:
880:(and others) are easily found on
135:teacher, printer and compiler of
981:Vaughn Williams Memorial Library
679:Allgemein nützliche Choral-Music
366:
328:(Harrisonburg, Virginia: 1825).
22:
1296:19th-century American composers
1182:Minutes Book Committee (2020).
1162:The Shenandoah Harmony homepage
33:needs additional citations for
1217:(PhD). University of Michigan.
949:Wells, Charles (May 4, 2004).
444:by British experimental group
1:
1213:Harley, Rachel A. B. (1972).
1158:"SINGINGS: ALL DAY + REGULAR"
1035:(audio with still photograph)
945:Charles Wells (mathematician)
749:Barnett, Joshua Rush (2012).
638:The Makers of the Sacred Harp
198:and early printing activities
1028:The Young Tradition (1968).
758:(MA). University of Maryland
546:Hatchett, Marion J. (2003).
451:
277:and other composers of the
184:Rockingham County, Virginia
159:Shenandoah County, Virginia
1327:
1291:19th-century Presbyterians
1155:Fourteen are listed here:
917:Davisson, Ananias (1826).
238:Repository of Sacred Music
201:
1224:Makers of the Sacred Harp
1108:Bell, Larry (1993–1996).
390:1763, Hymn 59) is in the
244:) to Calvinists, and the
212:is a variant spelling of
124:Grave of Ananias Davisson
824:is available on-line at
279:First New England School
242:Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
1301:Musicians from Virginia
1261:American male composers
1068:. Miramax Films. 2003.
441:Black Ships Ate the Sky
262:Repository, Part Second
1271:American Presbyterians
895:Jackson, George Pullen
876:(2013), recordings of
574:Jackson, George Pullen
465:
452:Davisson's songs today
309:
178:, about 14 miles from
125:
957:on September 21, 2008
788:are over 50% minor."
782:The Tennessee Harmony
714:Esker, Harry (1966).
675:Esker, Harry (1966).
600:. Library of Virginia
459:
304:
147:George Pullen Jackson
123:
820:The 1825 edition of
778:The Kentucky Harmony
473:, and 46 songs from
425:Battle of the Crater
42:improve this article
1188:Sacred Harp Singing
951:"More About Idumea"
850:. Harrissonburg, VA
786:The Easy Instructor
415:The Young Tradition
307:understanding also.
236:, who targeted his
874:Shenandoah Harmony
802:on 9 December 2019
598:"Ananias Davisson"
466:
462:Shenandoah Harmony
316:Other publications
126:
57:"Ananias Davisson"
1233:978-0-252-07760-9
1110:"Idumea Symphony"
776:"The editions of
648:978-0-252-07760-9
483:Christian Harmony
429:Donald Sutherland
400:Christian Harmony
163:Rockingham County
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283:Kentucky Harmony
275:William Billings
254:Kentucky Harmony
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142:Kentucky Harmony
129:Ananias Davisson
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1009:. March 1, 2020
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464:(June 7, 2015).
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800:the original
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669:and Ananias
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64:
52:
40:Please help
35:verification
32:
15:
1256:1857 deaths
1251:1780 births
1037:. YouTube.
854:10 December
806:23 December
604:13 December
433:Sacred Harp
407:Roud Number
351:Isaac Watts
281:. The 1816
246:Part Second
222:Joseph Funk
1286:Shape note
1245:Categories
1141:August 31,
923:Explore UK
870:Supplement
498:References
446:Current 93
394:(1835) by
250:Repository
234:John Wyeth
171:shape note
137:shape note
68:newspapers
1167:March 15,
1136:Pitchfork
1066:(YouTube)
848:Hymn Book
762:March 15,
733:March 14,
698:March 14,
226:Mennonite
1194:March 3,
1115:March 3,
1076:March 7,
1070:Archived
1045:March 7,
1039:Archived
1013:March 2,
987:March 2,
977:"RN6678"
961:March 4,
928:March 3,
897:(1933).
671:Davidson
663:Davisson
576:(1933).
214:Davisson
210:Davidson
882:YouTube
694:: 39–40
681:(1816)"
248:of the
240:(1810,
82:scholar
1230:
1094:Idumea
645:
556:
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359:Idumea
344:Idumea
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756:(PDF)
719:(PDF)
684:(PDF)
667:Davis
89:JSTOR
75:books
1228:ISBN
1196:2020
1169:2020
1143:2024
1117:2020
1078:2020
1047:2020
1015:2020
989:2020
963:2020
930:2020
856:2019
808:2019
780:and
764:2020
735:2020
729:: 40
700:2020
643:ISBN
606:2019
554:ISBN
522:ISBN
413:and
194:The
61:news
435:).
335:by
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