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565:, was a notable Dutch Mennonite Nazi who fled to Paraguay with the assistance of Mennonites before resettling in Canada and joining a Mennonite congregation in Vancouver. The Netherlands attempted to extradite Luitjens in 1991. Many Mennonites in Vancouver supported Luitjens. He was deported from Canada and imprisoned in the Netherlands, the last Dutch Nazi to be put on trial.
386:. Despite their theological differences, they maintained a close friendship. Schwarzschild wrote that "there are few people, of any faith, with whom I seem to be speaking a language so similar as ", while Yoder wrote that he had been "taught much by numerous Jewish friends, but by no one else so much as Steven S. Schwarzschild ztz'l, to whose memory is dedicated."
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yet he yearns for a partner in life who is as close to being a
Chasidic Jewish woman as possible. He takes advantage of the Amish custom of Rumspringa by dressing up as an Amish boy in order to find the right girl. Once he does, he must subtly convince her of the truth of Jewish theology so she will want to convert and marry him.
593:, with many weddings being performed in the Mennonite church of Deutsch Wymyschle involving couples dressed in Nazi uniforms. Erich L. Ratzlaff, a prominent Mennonite Nazi who became Mayor of Gabin, was known to carry a whip in order to terrorize Jews. Ratzlaff later immigrated to Canada and became an editor of the
470:
named Jan
Pieterszn also converted to Judaism. Pieterszn did not attempt to deflect from the accusations of apostasy during his trial, claiming that it was his right to choose his religion. Even a year into his trial, he was steadfast in his commitment to Judaism and was willing to sacrifice his life
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and perpetrators of Nazi war crimes against Jews, the most common
Mennonite response was indifference. Mennonites celebrated their new freedoms while their Jewish neighbors were rounded up by the Nazi occupiers and subjected to pillaging, torture, humiliation, and mass executions. Less than a month
290:
The
Rumspringa Kallah found on Amazon Kindle, is a recent novel by author Sender Zeyv. It is, without doubt, a literary work that plays on similarities between Amish and Chasidic Jews more than any other portrayal. It is the story of a Chasidic Jewish boy who is not allowed to seek a Jewish bride,
465:
and that
Abraham Abrahamsz's crime of circumcision had occurred outside of Dutch legal jurisdiction. The couple claimed to have had a Jewish identity since adolescence and thought of themselves as Jews who had escaped a Mennonite community rather than as apostates. Inspired by the examples of the
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in solidarity with
Palestinian Christians and others living under Israeli occupation. The resolution that divested from Israel also condemned antisemitism, called for greater Anabaptist-Jewish interfaith cooperation, and critically examined the church's role in the Holocaust. The resolution had
585:, half of the population of which was Jewish. Following the Nazi invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939, the Nazis rounded up the Jews of Gabin and confiscated their property. Eager to profit from the ethnic cleansing of the Jewish population and wanting to comply with Nazi policies of
271:, which opened on Broadway on January 27, 1955, and ran for 461 performances. It was an "old-fashioned, low-pressure alternative set among the Pennsylvania Dutch. It was pleasant and certainly suitable for the family trade." The musical has been playing at The Round Barn Theatre at
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embraced the Nazi invaders as liberators. Due to the German ancestry, language, and culture of the
Russian Mennonites, the Nazis did not target them for persecution and they flourished with the newfound cultural and religious freedom that had been denied to them by the
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language spoken by the
Russian Mennonites, also has many similarities to Yiddish because both are German languages. However, being a Low German dialect, Plautdietsch has a lesser degree of mutual intelligibility with Yiddish than does Pennsylvania Dutch.
475:. It was proposed that these Jewish converts be burned at the stake or drowned, but it is believed by scholars that the punishments were not meted out. The Hoorn convert trial was an issue of national significance and is an important event in
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and cultural heritage. Historically, Pennsylvania Dutch and
Pennsylvania German Jews often had overlapping bonds in German-American business and community life. Due to this historical bond there are several mixed-faith cemeteries in
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of 2018, the First
Mennonite Church of San Francisco held a Friday evening vigil for the murdered Jews of Pittsburgh in front of the Congregation Sha’ar Zahav. The Mennonites prayed and sang while the Jewish congregants gathered for
106:
blend of Amish and Jewish cultural and religious beliefs and practices and members of the cult were subjected to isolation from the outside world. Patricia Hochstetler, a victim of the cult, has published a series of books titled
626:. Because Russian Mennonites were of German heritage and rarely intermarried with Slavic or Jewish Ukrainians, the Nazis treated the Mennonites favorably due to their supposed "racial purity". While some Russian Mennonites were
304:
in order to seek reconciliation between Anabaptists and Jews. The Anabapist group travelled to Israel in order to repent and ask for forgiveness for Anabaptist antisemitism, neglect for Jewish suffering, and indifference to the
309:. There was no written response to World War II or the Holocaust from the Mennonite Church in America, which the Anabaptist group referred to as a "sin of neglect". The group adhered to an Anabaptist version of
317:
On this day, we, representing Anabaptist people, humble ourselves and seek your forgiveness for our collective sin of pride and selfishness by ignoring the plight of the Jewish people and the nation of
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322:
Bishop Ben Girod, the leader of the reconciliation mission, has stated that Anabaptists should embrace "biblical Zionism", that Israel has a right to defend itself despite the Anabaptist tradition of
1107:"Round Barn Theatre at Amish Acres announces its 2008 season of Broadway musicals that will play in repertory with the 22nd season of "Plain and Fancy." Staff and Wire Reports, "A & E Briefs",
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and president of Christians in Defense of Israel, criticized the decision as confusing, contradictory, and antisemitic, and accused the Mennonite Church USA of desiring to "destroy Israel".
643:
celebrations and other facets of Mennonite life. There is little in the historical record to suggest that Mennonites in Ukraine resisted the Nazis or offered aid to their Jewish neighbors.
589:, the Mennonites of Deutsch Wymyschle claimed the formerly Jewish homes and businesses as their own. Mennonite women often solidified their loyalty to the Nazis by marrying soldiers of the
461:, the couple were arrested and interrogated by the Dutch Christian authorities. The Jewish couple attempted to dispute the charge of apostasy by underscoring that neither had ever been
405:
hosted a symposium entitled "Jews and Mennonites: Reading the Bible After the Holocaust", which featured eight rabbis and Jewish scholars and fourteen Mennonite pastors and scholars.
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In the early 1600s, a Mennonite couple named Hans Joostenszn (Abraham Abrahamsz) and Sanne Thijsdochter (Sara Abrahamsz) converted to Judaism. Leaving the Mennonite community of
138:). Because he was injured when he was dumped out of a speeding wagon, the Amish nurse Belinski back to health and give him money for the train west to the end of the line.
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549:. However, a significant number of Dutch Mennonite war criminals who participated in the Holocaust escaped from Dutch prisons and fled to South America to live in the
35:
have historically been limited but there are notable examples of interactions between Anabaptists and Jews. Due to some similarities in dress, culture, and language,
370:, has written about being in an interfaith marriage and raising her children both Jewish and Mennonite. Schirch knows of 15 other Jewish–Mennonite interfaith homes.
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78:, quoted "them with the same authority and nearly the same frequency as books of the Hebrew Bible" and the texts regarding the martyrdoms under Antiochus IV in
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The cooking of Pennsylvania German Christians and Pennsylvania German Jews often overlaps, particularly vegetarian dishes that do not contain
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510:, however, "Fresh Dairy Amish Butter" has not been certified kosher despite some of the butter having been labeled with an unauthorized OU
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wrote that Hasidim are "a group that, like the Amish, is adamantly rooted in its old traditions and keeps very much to itself." The
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and are similarly given to the baking of bread, the dancing of folk dances and the spouting of simple, traditional wisdom."
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wrote that "The world of the Hasidim in Borough Park is less prettily exotic than that of the Amish in rural Pennsylvania."
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A notable number of Dutch Anabaptists hid Jews from Nazi authorities. 40 Dutch Anabaptists have been honored by Israel as
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495:-based kosher meat company, obtains much of their meat from Amish-owned farms. The company aims to produce sustainable,
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279:, annually since 1986, and surpassed 3,000 performances as of 2010. Richard Pletcher, founder and producer, dedicated
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varied widely, ranging from indifference to resistance to collaboration with and perpetration of Nazi atrocities.
326:, and that liberal pro-Palestinian Anabaptists "deny the Jews" and display "arrogant support for the terrorists".
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98:, is an "Amish-Jewish" cult that was established by Mack Sharky, a man who claims to be of Jewish heritage and a
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wrote that the "fundamentalist Jews , in fact, are virtually indistinguishable from the Pennsylvania Amish of
1124:, May 1998, (Vol. 21, No. 10), Published by Emmis Communications, ISSN 0899-0328, p. 144 (partial reference)
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1430:"Neighbors, killers, enablers, witnesses: Conference looks at the many roles of Mennonites in the Holocaust"
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is spoken by some Anabaptists, particularly older Amish people and to a less degree older Mennonites.
175:, with many film reviewers comparing and contrasting the lifestyles of Amish and Hasidic communities.
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wedding ceremonies include "the retelling of the marriage of Tobias and Sarah in the Apocrypha".
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is available on the American market. "Fresh Made Amish Butter" has been certified kosher by the
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The Rumspringa Kallah (Bride): A Contemporary Novel of Faith, Providence, Love and Redemption
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457:, Abraham elected to receive circumcision in Ottoman Constantinople. Upon their return to
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155:) approaches a Hasidic man at a train station, mistaking the Hasidic man for an Amish man.
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previously been rejected due to the Church's fear of being accused of antisemitism.
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are held in high esteem by the Anabaptists, who faced persecution in their history.
23:
have had interactions for several centuries, since the origins of Anabaptism in the
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languages, there are strong similarities between the two languages and a degree of
341:
issued a resolution to divest from its holdings in companies that benefit from the
243:
210:
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164:
75:
64:
453:). While the Englishman who brought him to Judaism did not require him to undergo
300:
In 2011, a group of Anabaptists from Amish and Mennonite backgrounds travelled to
906:"Review/Film -- A Stranger Among Us; A Hard-Boiled Outsider In a Sheltered World"
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2003:
1978:
1955:
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222:, set in a Hasidic Jewish community of New York instead of rural Amish country."
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maintained a lengthy religious dialogue with Mennonite theologian and pacifist
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Principalities and powers: Revising John Howard Yoder's sociological theology
1151:"Anabaptists visit Israel, seek reconciliation among Mennonites, Amish, Jews"
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in defense of his religious beliefs and compared his persecutors to the
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1199:"MENNONITES' RESOLUTION IS 'ANTISEMITIC AND UNWISE,' LEGAL EXPERT SAYS"
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is a German-American of partial Pennsylvania Dutch Mennonite heritage.
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communities in particular have often been compared and contrasted to
2118:
1308:"AMBS Symposium unites Jews and Menonites to counter antisemitism"
31:. Due to the insularity of many Anabaptist and Jewish communities,
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have often maintained a special relationship due to their common
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2149:
1076:"The Joseph Stein Stage, Dedication remarks by Richard Pletcher"
454:
287:. The theatre has produced eight of Stein's musicals since then.
135:
20:
2122:
1637:
1283:"At my synagogue, I'll take 20 Mennonites over one armed guard"
398:. The vigil began with a joint Jewish-Mennonite song session.
1633:
1175:"Amish leader's 'burden' to reconcile with the Jewish people"
812:
Introducing the Apocrypha: Message, Context, and Significance
1326:
Contesting Inter-Religious Conversion in the Medieval World
67:, which contains the Apocrypha as intertestamental books;
1223:"How Mennonites reckon with our history in the Holocaust"
1615:
Yoder, J.H. (2008). Cartwright, M.G.; Ochs, P. (eds.).
731:
was of Eastern European Jewish heritage and her mother
1424:
1422:
1420:
1094:
Craig, Pat. "Company unearths Amish-themed musical",
1007:"'Breaking Amish' Cast Thinks Hasidic Jews Are Amish"
703:
of both the Jewish and Protestant faiths are buried.
647:
German, Pennsylvania Dutch, Plautdietsch, and Yiddish
258:. They purchased a 50-cent tourist book filled with
1508:"If I Were a Rickj Wir: Teyve Sings in Plautdietsch"
1032:
Broadway Babies Say Goodnight: Musicals Then and Now
499:
alternatives to meat that comes from factory farms.
235:
visit New York City and mistake the Hasidic Jews of
231:
features a scene where a group of Amish people from
130:, Wilder's character Belinski spends time with some
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1971:
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1483:"GERMAN JEWS' TIES WITH PA. DUTCH EXPLORED IN TALK"
313:. In a prepared written statement, the group wrote:
718:Notable people of mixed Anabaptist-Jewish heritage
836:"Woman describes life inside 'Amish-Jewish cult'"
1351:""Meat-Anot L'Evyonim"-How Meat Makes a Mitzvah"
283:stage to Stein in 1997 during its production of
3834:Protestant ecumenical and interfaith relations
635:were subjected to genocide, the Mennonites of
2134:
1649:
1400:"Saffron in the Pennsylvania Dutch Tradition"
1329:. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. p. 45.
115:Anabapist–Jewish relations in popular culture
94:The secretive Lael Colony founded outside of
8:
151:, an Amish boy named Samuel Lapp (played by
109:Delusion: Growing Up in an Amish-Jewish Cult
3623:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation
2303:
2141:
2127:
2119:
1656:
1642:
1634:
171:, has often been compared to Peter Weir's
3814:Christian and Jewish interfaith dialogue
2170:Index of Jewish history-related articles
1071:
1069:
374:Anabaptist–Jewish interfaith cooperation
3669:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
1376:"Kosher Alert Fresh Dairy Amish Butter"
1313:(June 2, 2023)] (Accessed June 3, 2023)
1257:
779:
378:The rabbi, philosopher, and theologian
1287:The Jewish News of Northern California
403:Anabaptist Mennonite Biblical Seminary
1799:Schwarzenau (German Baptist) Brethren
1617:The Jewish-Christian Schism Revisited
1269:
1245:
1120:"Round Barn Theater at Amish Acres",
362:Anabaptist–Jewish interfaith families
225:The American reality television show
7:
1619:. Radical traditions. Herald Press.
1537:. Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guild
1055:(2000). Oxford University Press US,
1323:Yisraeli, Yosi; Fox, Yaniv (2017).
982:"Film review: Stranger Among Us, A"
343:Israeli occupation of the West Bank
74:The fathers of Anabaptism, such as
3616:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research
3596:American Jewish Historical Society
1098:(California), March 15, 2007 p. F4
366:Lisa Schirch, a faculty member of
265:and returned to New York to write
14:
3824:Multiculturalism and Christianity
1593:. N/a Series. Lutterworth Press.
521:ingredients such as pork or that
433:. Learning more about Judaism in
3780:
3767:
3766:
2103:
1459:"Yiddish and Pennsylvania Dutch"
1085:amishacres.com, November 1, 1997
860:"LIFE IN AN 'AMISH-JEWISH CULT'"
529:Anabaptists during the Holocaust
134:(whom he initially mistakes for
1532:"About Michael Danner (TANNER)"
957:"Formulaic 'Stranger' Stumbles"
533:The Anabaptist response to the
437:, they converted to Judaism in
3819:Protestantism and antisemitism
3688:Relations with other religions
1952:Separation of church and state
1034:(2000). Taylor & Francis,
904:Maslin, Janet (17 July 1992).
865:. Reunion Menno-Hof Newsletter
581:, was adjacent to the town of
409:Anabaptist converts to Judaism
1:
3675:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
1869:Dordrecht Confession of Faith
1111:(Indiana), July 8, 2007, p.D5
742:, brother of Gwyneth Paltrow.
597:newspaper from 1967 to 1979.
391:Pittsburgh synagogue shooting
3606:Leo Baeck Institute New York
3601:American Sephardi Federation
1042:, p. 126 (partial reference)
699:'s Fairview Cemetery, where
682:Christians and Pennsylvania
609:in the spring of 1942, many
421:, they travelled throughout
368:Eastern Mennonite University
354:founder and chairman of the
296:Anabaptist–Israeli relations
242:Jewish-American playwrights
3809:Anabaptist–Jewish relations
2429:Constantinopolitan Karaites
1947:Priesthood of all believers
1886:Anabaptist–Jewish relations
547:Righteous Among the Nations
33:Anabaptist–Jewish relations
3850:
3657:National Library of Israel
2298:Zionism, race and genetics
1932:Nonconformity to the world
1826:Apostolic Christian Church
810:deSilva, David A. (2018).
607:Nazi occupation of Ukraine
218:as "A feminist version of
3755:
3611:Yeshiva University Museum
3591:Center for Jewish History
2160:
2100:
1814:Brethren in Christ Church
525:meat and dairy together.
487:Kosher Anabaptist cuisine
2203:Ancient Israel and Judah
2092:Samuel Heinrich Fröhlich
1809:Old Order River Brethren
753:Christianity and Judaism
239:for fellow Amish people.
2579:North African Sephardim
2552:Jewish tribes of Arabia
2110:Christianity portal
1755:Conservative Mennonites
738:American film director
595:Mennonitische Rundschau
189:magazine's film critic
3682:Holocaust Encyclopedia
3652:Jewish Virtual Library
1902:Theology of Anabaptism
1864:Schleitheim Confession
1679:Protestant Reformation
1155:Mennonite World Review
840:Mennonite World Review
665:mutual intelligibility
573:The Mennonite town of
331:Palestinian Christians
320:
281:The Round Barn Theatre
3629:Encyclopaedia Judaica
3411:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh
2596:Sephardic Bnei Anusim
2346:Udmurt and Tatar Jews
1248:, pp. xiv, xxxi.
1011:Entertainment Tonight
932:"A Stranger Among Us"
620:anti-religious Soviet
491:"Grow and Behold", a
329:Due to lobbying from
315:
2208:Second Temple period
1847:German Peasants' War
1750:Old Order Mennonites
1559:Martens, P. (2012).
1122:Indianapolis Monthly
628:active collaborators
477:Dutch-Jewish history
466:Abrahamsz family, a
380:Steven Schwarzschild
339:Mennonite Church USA
120:In the popular film
102:. Sharky preached a
96:Iron City, Tennessee
90:Messianic Anabaptism
3829:Jewish Christianity
3646:Jewish Encyclopedia
3391:Hekhalot literature
3202:Religious movements
2737:Judeo-Tripolitanian
1917:Freedom of religion
1912:Christian communism
1684:Radical Reformation
1562:The Heterodox Yoder
1512:Columbia University
1463:Yiddish Book Center
1013:. 25 September 2014
763:Interfaith dialogue
563:the terror of Roden
479:and the history of
473:Spanish Inquisitors
468:Reformed Protestant
216:A Stranger Among Us
160:A Stranger Among Us
29:early modern Europe
25:Radical Reformation
3787:Judaism portal
3723:Jews and Halloween
3718:Jews and Christmas
3108:Rabbinic authority
2860:Judaeo-Piedmontese
2293:Xueta Christianity
2198:Origins of Judaism
2165:Outline of Judaism
2062:Balthasar Hubmaier
1984:Believer's baptism
1881:Old Order Movement
1760:Russian Mennonites
1587:Pitts, J. (2014).
1357:. 21 February 2013
1260:, pp. 87–115.
1203:The Jerusalem Post
1179:The Jerusalem Post
1109:South Bend Tribune
1096:Contra Costa Times
1081:2017-04-03 at the
911:The New York Times
680:Pennsylvania Dutch
669:Pennsylvania Dutch
657:Pennsylvania Dutch
631:after the Jews of
622:authorities under
611:Russian Mennonites
497:ethically-produced
260:Pennsylvania Dutch
250:were drawn to the
3796:
3795:
3762:extinct languages
3663:YIVO Encyclopedia
3438:Hebrew literature
3406:Sefer HaEtz Chaim
3246:Reconstructionist
2924:Judaeo-Portuguese
2613:
2612:
2569:Eastern Sephardim
2213:Synagogal Judaism
2116:
2115:
2067:Bernhard Rothmann
1907:Church discipline
1852:Münster rebellion
1714:Congregationalism
1626:978-0-8361-9475-3
1600:978-0-7188-4216-1
1572:978-1-60899-551-6
1565:. Cascade Books.
1336:978-1-472-48067-5
1306:Cramer, David C.
1289:. 9 November 2018
723:American actress
575:Deutsch Wymyschle
551:Russian Mennonite
384:John Howard Yoder
311:Christian Zionism
277:Nappanee, Indiana
3841:
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2902:Judeo-Golpaygani
2503:Palestinian Jews
2478:Alexandrian Jews
2434:Crimean Karaites
2351:Unterlander Jews
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2218:Rabbinic Judaism
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1989:Closed communion
1782:Amish Mennonites
1709:Zwickau prophets
1704:German mysticism
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1487:The Morning Call
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1436:. Archived from
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787:Wesner, Erik J.
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768:Jewish Christian
758:Ethnic Mennonite
701:German-Americans
591:German Wehrmacht
445:rather than the
443:rabbinic Judaism
335:Kairos Palestine
285:The Baker's Wife
256:Lancaster County
169:Melanie Griffith
126:(1979) starring
84:2 Maccabees
80:1 Maccabees
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791:. Amish America
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553:communities of
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459:the Netherlands
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333:, particularly
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196:Chicago Tribune
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2574:Livornese Jews
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1804:River Brethren
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1406:. 30 July 2008
1404:Fine Gardening
1391:
1380:Orthodox Union
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988:. 22 July 1992
973:
963:. 17 July 1992
948:
923:
896:
886:. Decent Films
875:
851:
827:
821:978-1493413072
820:
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639:were resuming
602:
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559:Jacob Luitjens
542:
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508:Orthodox Union
488:
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439:Constantinople
431:Ottoman Empire
419:Dutch Republic
417:, then in the
410:
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389:Following the
375:
372:
363:
360:
297:
294:
293:
292:
288:
240:
228:Breaking Amish
223:
200:s film critic
177:New York Times
167:film starring
156:
139:
123:The Frisco Kid
116:
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91:
88:
56:
53:
49:Hasidic Jewish
13:
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2:
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3713:Protestantism
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3404:
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3401:Sefer HaBahir
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3328:Sifrei Kodesh
3326:
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3209:
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3200:
3199:
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3191:
3185:
3184:Who is a Jew?
3182:
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3113:Chosen people
3111:
3109:
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3098:
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3089:
3085:
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3069:Scots-Yiddish
3067:
3063:
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3052:
3051:
3048:
3044:
3043:
3042:Klezmer-loshn
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3019:
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2912:Judeo-Shirazi
2910:
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2903:
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2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2887:Judeo-Persian
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2877:Judeo-Marathi
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2855:Judeo-Italian
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
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2752:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2710:Judeo-Amazigh
2708:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2533:Hadhrami Jews
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2498:Mountain Jews
2496:
2494:
2493:Egyptian Jews
2491:
2489:
2488:Bukharan Jews
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2454:
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2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
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2422:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2410:
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2405:
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2400:
2398:
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2381:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2369:
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2365:
2364:
2361:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2276:Lists of Jews
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2144:
2139:
2137:
2132:
2130:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2111:
2106:
2099:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2037:Conrad Grebel
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2014:Simple living
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1937:Nonresistance
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1659:
1654:
1652:
1647:
1645:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1628:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1602:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1585:
1574:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1533:
1527:
1524:
1513:
1509:
1503:
1500:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1475:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1440:on 2019-11-30
1439:
1435:
1434:The Mennonite
1431:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1392:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1343:
1338:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1239:
1228:
1227:The Mennonite
1224:
1218:
1215:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1180:
1176:
1170:
1167:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1143:
1138:
1137:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1061:0-19-512599-1
1058:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1040:0-415-92287-9
1037:
1033:
1030:Steyn, Mark.
1027:
1024:
1012:
1008:
1002:
999:
987:
983:
977:
974:
962:
958:
952:
949:
938:. 15 May 1992
937:
933:
927:
924:
913:
912:
907:
900:
897:
885:
879:
876:
861:
855:
852:
841:
837:
831:
828:
823:
817:
813:
806:
803:
790:
783:
780:
773:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
750:
746:
741:
737:
734:
733:Blythe Danner
730:
729:Bruce Paltrow
727:, her father
726:
722:
721:
717:
715:
712:
708:
704:
702:
698:
694:
693:Lehigh County
689:
685:
681:
677:
672:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
651:Because both
646:
644:
642:
638:
634:
629:
625:
624:Joseph Stalin
621:
616:
612:
608:
600:
598:
596:
592:
588:
587:Germanization
584:
580:
576:
568:
566:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
540:
538:
536:
528:
526:
524:
520:
515:
513:
509:
505:
500:
498:
494:
486:
484:
482:
478:
474:
469:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
441:. They chose
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
408:
406:
404:
399:
397:
392:
387:
385:
381:
373:
371:
369:
361:
359:
357:
353:
349:
344:
340:
336:
332:
327:
325:
319:
314:
312:
308:
303:
295:
289:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
269:
264:
261:
257:
254:community of
253:
249:
248:Will Glickman
245:
241:
238:
234:
233:Amish Country
230:
229:
224:
221:
217:
213:
212:
207:
203:
199:
197:
192:
191:Todd McCarthy
188:
187:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
161:
157:
154:
150:
149:
145:'s 1985 film
144:
140:
137:
133:
129:
125:
124:
119:
118:
114:
112:
110:
105:
101:
97:
89:
87:
85:
81:
77:
72:
70:
66:
62:
54:
52:
51:communities.
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
3778:
3771:
3757:
3697:
3680:
3673:
3661:
3644:
3627:
3461:perspectives
3295:Samaritanism
3256:Neo-Hasidism
3236:Conservative
3150:Names of God
3059:
3040:
2850:Judaeo-Greek
2845:Judeo-Gascon
2784:Lishán Didán
2779:Lishana Deni
2747:Judeo-Yemeni
2715:Judeo-Arabic
2589:Meshuchrarim
2508:Persian Jews
2441:Kurdish Jews
2419:Kaifeng Jews
2368:Beta Abraham
2331:Galitzianers
2286:Antisemitism
2261:Israeli Jews
2246:Assimilation
2082:Jakob Ammann
2077:Menno Simons
2072:Dirk Philips
2057:Jakob Hutter
1994:Foot washing
1960:
1885:
1873:
1856:
1789:Abecedarians
1777:Beachy Amish
1740:Batenburgers
1616:
1604:. Retrieved
1589:
1576:. Retrieved
1561:
1539:. Retrieved
1526:
1515:. Retrieved
1502:
1491:. Retrieved
1477:
1466:. Retrieved
1453:
1442:. Retrieved
1438:the original
1408:. Retrieved
1394:
1383:. Retrieved
1370:
1359:. Retrieved
1345:
1325:
1318:
1310:
1302:
1291:. Retrieved
1277:
1265:
1258:Martens 2012
1253:
1241:
1230:. Retrieved
1217:
1206:. Retrieved
1193:
1182:. Retrieved
1169:
1158:. Retrieved
1145:
1135:
1129:
1121:
1116:
1108:
1103:
1095:
1090:
1063:, p. 394–395
1052:
1047:
1031:
1026:
1015:. Retrieved
1001:
990:. Retrieved
986:Deseret News
976:
965:. Retrieved
951:
940:. Retrieved
926:
915:. Retrieved
909:
899:
888:. Retrieved
878:
867:. Retrieved
854:
843:. Retrieved
830:
811:
805:
793:. Retrieved
782:
740:Jake Paltrow
707:Plautdietsch
705:
695:, including
676:Pennsylvania
673:
650:
604:
594:
572:
562:
561:, nicknamed
544:
532:
516:
504:Amish butter
501:
490:
455:circumcision
446:
412:
400:
388:
377:
365:
328:
321:
316:
299:
284:
266:
244:Joseph Stein
226:
219:
215:
211:Deseret News
209:
205:
194:
184:
181:Janet Maslin
179:film critic
176:
172:
165:Sidney Lumet
158:
147:
121:
108:
93:
76:Menno Simons
73:
65:Luther Bible
58:
32:
15:
3703:Catholicism
3285:Hellenistic
3123:Eschatology
3061:Lachoudisch
2986:Lotegorisch
2964:Lachoudisch
2954:Koiné Greek
2867:Judeo-Latin
2804:Palestinian
2698:Palestinian
2547:Mustaʿravim
2473:Afghan Jews
2461:Berber Jews
2385:Bene Israel
2373:Falash Mura
2363:Beta Israel
2281:Persecution
2223:Middle Ages
2025:Anabaptists
2004:Plain dress
1979:Agape feast
1956:free church
1927:Memorialism
1689:Waldensians
1355:The Forward
789:"The Bible"
684:German Jews
661:High German
605:During the
541:Netherlands
352:Evangelical
273:Amish Acres
163:, the 1992
128:Gene Wilder
61:Anabaptists
17:Anabaptists
3803:Categories
3698:Anabaptism
3640:Jew (word)
3507:Leadership
3320:Literature
3305:Secularism
3251:Humanistic
3118:Conversion
3088:Philosophy
2929:Judeo-Urdu
2693:Babylonian
2538:Saada Jews
2523:Adeni Jews
2316:Ashkenazim
2271:Samaritans
2238:Population
2193:Israelites
2052:Hans Denck
2032:Felix Manz
1745:Mennonites
1735:Hutterites
1672:Background
1665:Anabaptism
1541:2019-10-20
1517:2019-10-20
1493:2019-10-20
1489:. May 1987
1468:2019-10-20
1444:2019-10-20
1410:2022-06-05
1385:2019-10-21
1361:2019-10-20
1293:2019-10-20
1270:Yoder 2008
1246:Pitts 2014
1232:2019-10-20
1208:2019-10-20
1184:2019-10-20
1160:2019-10-20
1053:Show Tunes
1017:2019-10-20
992:2019-10-20
967:2019-10-20
942:2019-10-20
917:2019-10-20
890:2019-10-20
869:2019-10-20
845:2019-10-20
774:References
711:Low German
633:Zaporizhia
519:non-kosher
429:, and the
348:Mat Staver
214:described
153:Lukas Haas
143:Peter Weir
3760:indicate
3708:Mormonism
3693:Christian
3573:Symbolism
3561:Synagogue
3541:Mythology
3502:Education
3473:Astronomy
3456:Astrology
3273:relations
3078:Zarphatic
3026:Galitzish
2828:Yeshivish
2705:Catalanic
2668:Samaritan
2643:Ashkenazi
2624:Diasporic
2619:Languages
2564:Sephardim
2559:Romaniote
2446:Krymchaks
2380:Desi Jews
2256:Buddhists
1972:Practices
1821:Bruderhof
697:Allentown
637:Chortitza
427:Lithuania
307:Holocaust
202:Dave Kehr
104:syncretic
55:Scripture
41:Mennonite
3773:Category
3743:Hinduism
3733:Buddhism
3635:Genetics
3551:Politics
3524:Marriage
3483:Holidays
3478:Calendar
3359:Rabbinic
3335:/Hebrew
3280:Haymanot
3207:Orthodox
3194:Branches
3167:Kabbalah
3162:Haskalah
3140:Holiness
3016:dialects
2996:Shassagh
2959:Krymchak
2939:Kayliñña
2833:Yinglish
2809:Galilean
2799:Talmudic
2794:Biblical
2769:Betanure
2688:Biblical
2683:Mishnaic
2678:Medieval
2663:Tiberian
2658:Yemenite
2648:Sephardi
2584:Paradesi
2528:Ḥabbanim
2518:Teimanim
2483:Baghdadi
2456:Maghrebi
2424:Karaites
2402:Gruzínim
2390:Kochinim
2308:Diaspora
2266:Karaites
2251:Atheists
2188:Timeline
2009:Shunning
1942:Pacifism
1895:Theology
1079:Archived
747:See also
555:Paraguay
512:hechsher
493:Brooklyn
463:baptized
451:Karaites
401:In 2023
324:pacifism
237:Brooklyn
206:Witness,
100:Nazirite
63:use the
3758:Italics
3583:Studies
3529:Divorce
3495:Kashrut
3490:Cuisine
3448:Culture
3379:Midrash
3374:Tosefta
3364:Mishnah
3352:Ketuvim
3347:Nevi'im
3310:Schisms
3300:Science
3290:Karaite
3261:Renewal
3222:Litvaks
3217:Hasidic
3172:Sefirot
3157:Halakha
3128:Messiah
3101:Mitzvah
3096:Beliefs
3050:Western
3036:Poylish
3031:Litvish
3021:Eastern
3011:Yiddish
3006:Shuadit
2991:Qwareña
2979:Tetuani
2974:Haketia
2949:Knaanic
2944:Kivruli
2892:Bukhori
2838:Heblish
2774:Hulaulá
2764:Barzani
2720:Yahudic
2653:Mizrahi
2513:Urfalim
2468:Mizrahi
2412:Neofiti
2407:Italkim
2336:Lita'im
2228:Zionism
2180:History
2154:Judaism
2023:Notable
1999:Ordnung
1875:Ausbund
1840:History
1553:Sources
936:Variety
653:Yiddish
615:Ukraine
601:Ukraine
502:Kosher
447:krayers
415:Emmerik
396:Shabbat
318:Israel.
220:Witness
186:Variety
173:Witness
148:Witness
3566:Hazzan
3556:Prayer
3433:Siddur
3369:Talmud
3333:Tanakh
3268:Neolog
3241:Reform
3229:Modern
3212:Haredi
3135:Ethics
3001:Shassi
2969:Ladino
2934:Karaim
2917:Juhuri
2759:Targum
2673:Signed
2638:Modern
2633:Hebrew
2601:Xuetes
2397:Dönmeh
2356:Yekkes
1723:Groups
1623:
1606:1 July
1597:
1578:1 July
1569:
1333:
1059:
1038:
818:
795:23 May
641:Easter
579:Poland
569:Poland
435:Gdańsk
423:Poland
337:, the
302:Israel
45:Haredi
3738:Islam
3546:Names
3536:Music
3517:Rebbe
3512:Rabbi
3466:Monen
3421:Zohar
3342:Torah
3337:Bible
2451:Lemba
2326:Chuts
1767:Amish
1535:(PDF)
863:(PDF)
613:from
583:Gabin
535:Shoah
350:, an
263:slang
252:Amish
132:Amish
69:Amish
59:Some
37:Amish
2152:and
2150:Jews
1621:ISBN
1608:2017
1595:ISBN
1580:2017
1567:ISBN
1331:ISBN
1057:ISBN
1036:ISBN
816:ISBN
797:2021
709:, a
659:are
655:and
246:and
136:Jews
82:and
47:and
39:and
21:Jews
19:and
3145:God
674:In
523:mix
275:in
141:In
27:in
3805::
1954:–
1510:.
1485:.
1461:.
1432:.
1419:^
1402:.
1378:.
1353:.
1285:.
1225:.
1201:.
1177:.
1153:.
1068:^
1009:.
984:.
959:.
934:.
908:.
838:.
678:,
667:.
577:,
557:.
514:.
483:.
425:,
2626:)
2622:(
2142:e
2135:t
2128:v
1657:e
1650:t
1643:v
1629:.
1610:.
1582:.
1544:.
1520:.
1496:.
1471:.
1447:.
1413:.
1388:.
1364:.
1339:.
1296:.
1272:.
1235:.
1211:.
1187:.
1163:.
1139:.
1020:.
995:.
970:.
945:.
920:.
893:.
872:.
848:.
824:.
799:.
449:(
198:'
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