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625:, an erect, shrubby perennial with a stout, succulent trunk growing to some 8 ft (2 m) tall. The main trunk grows up to 5 in (13 cm) thick and often resembles a small tree. During its blooming season, March to May, it bursts forth with a mass of showy, bright yellow flowers and green leaves. Giant coreopsis provided shelter and perches for seabirds and land birds, and nesting habitat for many. The prolific seeds provided abundant food for the endemic Anacapa deer mouse, and for many small birds. The island's stands of giant coreopsis, as well as all the other plants of its coastal bluff community, were devastated by sheep grazing in the late 1800s and early 1900s, rabbit browsing in 1910-1950s, and by large-scale destruction of native vegetation associated with facility and road development by the
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water tanks housed in a building. Combined with their families, there were 15 to 25 residents on the island at any given time. Plans were implemented in 1962 to automate the facility and some buildings were demolished, though the houses were spared. The U.S. Coast Guard still owns the property, but
784:
A tool called
Population Viability Analysis, or PVA, is a species-specific method used to assess the probability of a population's extinction in a given number of years. Based on the result of a study, PVA determined that a population of 333 deer mice had a high chance of survival. Approximately 300
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Arid appearing, desolate, wind-swept, Anacapa is withal a valuable possession to its owner, and one of the picturesque islands of the entire group. Its strange rocks, moving, passing, intermingling, made a strong impression on my mind, an impression of warring nature, conflicts of wind and rock, of
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West
Anacapa is the largest and highest islet, rising to an altitude of 930 ft (283 m) at Vela Peak, also known as Summit Peak 2. East and Middle Anacapa have fairly level areas at their tops. Middle Island reaches an altitude of 325 ft (99 m) and East Island is 250 ft
706:
Sheep were grazed on the island for many years. There are records from the 1870s through the 1930s. Many writers reported that in the absence of springs on
Anacapa sheep would lick the moisture that accumulated on each other's fleeces from the coastal fog. The native flora was affected by the
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A study after the eradication project showed that nesting attempts by
Scripps's murrelets on Anacapa had more than doubled, average hatching success was up from 42 to 80 percent, and average nest predation was down from 52 to 7 percent. Only four months after the rodenticide applications,
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known by the common names
Anacapa Island desert-dandelion, Junak's desert dandelion, and Junak's malacothrix that is endemic to Anacapa, where it is known from just two occurrences. It occurs in the coastal scrub of the island and was described to science as a new species in 1997.
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in the United States, and one of only two in
California, also occurs on Anacapa Island. This is where the brown pelican has been able to recover dramatically from near-extinction in the 1970s. The islets of Anacapa also host the largest breeding colony of
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1387:
671:, and vegetation. Before a rat eradication program in 2001–2002, more than 96 percent of Scripps's Murrelet nests on Anacapa were attacked by invasive rats. The rats were certainly introduced sometime prior to 1939 (when they were noted by
533:, feeding on pinnipeds, are found in the waters of the Channel Islands, including Anacapa. The island has a somewhat diverse flora, including around 150 native plants, including 16 endemics (two of which are unique to the island) plus many
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between 1930 and 1932. It was the last lighthouse built by the
Lighthouse Service on the California coast. The facility was staffed by U.S. Coast Guard six-man crews serving two-year tours of duty from 1939 onwards. The facility included
396:, Anacapa was formed by volcanic eruptions between 19 and 15 million years ago. These eruptions are believed to have been caused by thinning of ocean crust as the block containing the northern Channel Islands and
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in the world. Western gulls begin their nesting efforts at the end of April, sometimes making their shallow nests just inches from trails. Fluffy chicks hatch in May and June and fly away from the nests in July.
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has heavily weathered the lava formations of
Anacapa, and wave action caused the island to split into three islets in recent prehistoric times. The islets display a wide variety of erosional features including
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deer mice were captured prior to the application of rodenticide and reintroduced after poison levels had dropped, which was about three months. The program cost about $ 1.8 million.
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Anacapa has around 69 species of birds. The island's steep lava rock cliffs incorporate numerous caves and crevices that are particularly important for the increasingly rare seabird
1915:
2588:
667:), also known as ship rats, had a major impact on wildlife on Anacapa Island, including seabirds such as Scripps's murrelet, reptiles and amphibians, intertidal and terrestrial
797:) began nesting on Anacapa. This was significant as there were no previous records of the bird nesting on the island and it is known to be highly susceptible to rat predation.
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The region experiences warm and dry summers and mild winters with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F (22.0 °C). Its climate is greatly moderated by the
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Aerial view of
Anacapa with the lighthouse and coastguard station on East Anacapa in the foreground and Middle and West Anacapa behind. Santa Cruz Island is on the horizon.
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Domestic cats were introduced to
Anacapa as pets of the fisherman "Frenchy" after whom Frenchy's Cove on West Island is named. In 1966, there remained a small population.
56:
2243:
Howald, Gregg R.; Faulkner, Kate R.; Tershy, Bernie; Keitt, Bradford; Gellerman, Holly; Creel, Eileen M.; Grinnel, Matthew; Ortega, Steven T.; Croll, Donald A. (2005),
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or building the lighthouse. The National Park Service says there is evidence they were present in 1907. A 1979 study noted that they could have been introduced from a
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around 1897, but his lease and sheep were taken over by Herman Bayfield Webster in 1907. His Sheep Camp operation was located on Middle Anacapa, which included five
740:. Both species are highly invasive. The National Park Service has initiated a restoration project to eradicate all of the ice plant by 2016, the centennial of the
89:
722:
After completion of the lighthouse and associated facilities, the U.S. Coast Guard planted two types of iceplant on East Anacapa Islet: red-flowered iceplant (
411:. Lava from these eruptions can be found across the region, and in depths of up to 10,000 feet (3,000 m). The rocks that make up Anacapa are composed of
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834:
2259:
Howald, Gregg; Donlan, C. Josh; Faulkner, Kate R.; Ortega, Steve; Gellerman, Holly; Croll, Donald A.; Tershy, Bernie (2009), "Eradication of black rats
484:
period 13,000 years ago have been found on the other three northern islands and it is reasonable to assume pygmy mammoths were also present on Anacapa.
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that farmers introduced to feed their flocks, and by soil-compaction caused by the sheep's hooves. Reproduction of ground-nesting species such as the
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781:). This was the first time that biologists had attempted to eradicate one rodent species from an entire island where an endemic rodent was present.
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335:. The island is composed of a series of narrow islets 6 mi (10 km) long, oriented generally east–west and 5 mi (8 km) east of
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Pergams, O. R. W., R. C. Lacy and M. V. Ashley. 2000. Conservation and Management of Anacapa Island Deer Mice. Conservation Biology 14:819-832.
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Black rats were successfully eradicated from Anacapa Island by 2003, under a controversial program that involved an aerial application of the
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as much as 400 ft (122 m) lower than today meant that the four northern Channel Islands were part of a single large island (dubbed "
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was the first person to raise sheep on the island, starting in the 1850s or 1860s. Louis le Mesnager then signed a five-year lease with the
1180:, running at full speed, crashed into the rocks off Middle Anacapa and sank. All of the passengers survived and were rescued after a week.
1202:. The next resident of the island was Raymond "Frenchy" LeDreau, who occupied four shacks on West Anacapa at Frenchy's Cove, living as a
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Collins, P.W. (1979), "Vertebrate zoology: the biology of introduced black rats on Anacapa and San Miguel Islands", in D.M. Power (ed.),
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seas eating into its very vitals, of caves that undermine it, and of the old rock fighting for its very life against the sea.
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during construction and manning of the Anacapa Light Station. Only small patches and individuals of native plants remained.
462:(76 m) at its highest point. All three islands total 699 acres (283 ha), or about 1.1 square miles (2.8 km).
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or as pets. They were present from the 1940s until at least 1965. No rabbits were recorded from Middle or West Anacapa.
362:
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1253:, three 2,000-US-gallon (1,700 imp gal; 7,600 L) fuel tanks, a 30,000-square-foot (2,800 m) water
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339:. The three main islets, East, Middle and West Anacapa, have precipitous cliffs, dropping off steeply into the sea.
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549:(a threatened species known as Xantus's murrelet until 2012). The cliffs are also an important location for the
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and about 500 sheep. Ira Eaton acquired the lease in 1917 and held it until 1927, and used the island for his
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California's Chumash Indians : a project of the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Education Center
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the National Park Service moved into the residences in 1970, while sharing the wharf and hoist facilities.
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Anacapa's lighthouse is situated on the east end of the island. Sea arch (seen above) is at center right.
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population was three permanent residents, all at the ranger station in the eastern part of East Island.
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Vegetation on Anacapa began to recover after the removal of sheep about 1938 and rabbits in the 1950s.
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Anacapa Island, located only about 11 mi (10 nmi; 18 km) from the urbanized coast of
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East Island's most notable natural feature is Arch Rock, a 40-foot (12 m) high natural bridge.
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were introduced to East Island either as an emergency food supply for lighthouse personnel during
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for the next 30 years, departing the island in his eighties after the island had become a
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Anacapa's prolific and dense vegetation was once dominated by the showy giant coreopsis (
2245:"Eradication of black rat from Anacapa Island: Environmental and Social Considerations"
1554:. Channel Islands National Park. Final Environmental Impact Statement. Date not stated.
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676:
476:") that lay about 5 miles (4 nmi; 8 km) off the California coast. Fossils of
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2186:, Santa Barbara, California: Santa Barbara Natural History Museum, pp. 14.1–14.56
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774:). One complicating factor was the presence of the native deer mouse subspecies (
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The Channel islands of California: a book for the angler, sportsman, and tourist
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The only native land mammal on the island is a unique subspecies of deer mouse (
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researchers Sumner and Bond), probably in supplies brought onto the island for
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in the southern Channel Islands also has an endemic subspecies of deer mouse.)
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Natural Resources Study of the Channel Islands National Monument, California
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Along with the Channel Islands Beach area of Port Hueneme, the island is in
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A natural bridge on the east end of the island. See below for an aerial view
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365:, which is one of the MPAs existing in the Channel Island National Park.
361:, California. The northern waters of Anacapa Island are protected by the
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from the nearest point on the mainland. It lies southwest of the city of
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2254:, Arcata, California: Institute for Wildlife Studies, pp. 299–312
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Frenchy's Cove was cleaned up starting in June 1959, and a permanent
1222:
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766:. This was the first time a rodenticide had been applied aerially in
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As recently as the end of the last ice age (about 10,000 years ago),
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2371:, in Harris, Ann G.; Tuttle, Esther; Tuttle, Sherwood D. (eds.),
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in 1912 at the east end of the island, and constructed the East
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2228:(Fourth ed.). University of California Press. p. 12.
1928:"Anacapa Island, California: 1981-2010 Monthly Climate Summary"
2325:(Revised ed.). San Luis Obispo, Calif: EZ Nature Books.
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Anacapa is the only one of the Channel Islands to have a non-
2211:(Asteraceae: Lactuceae) endemic to the California Islands",
2414:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
607:). Marine mammals and other marine life abound on Anacapa.
2348:"Background on Anacapa Island and the Restoration Project"
2207:
Davis, W.S. (1997), "The systematics of annual species of
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1886:
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16:
Island of the Channel Islands in California, United States
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Public passenger access to Anacapa Island is provided by
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2135:
Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History
1213:
On a visit around 1910, Charles Frederick Holder noted "
585:
Anacapa has two native reptiles: an endemic form of the
2192:
2131:"Terrestrial Vertebrates of Anacapa Island, California"
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578:) which occurs on all three islets, but nowhere else. (
353:. It is 9 miles (7.8 nmi; 14 km) across the
342:
Anacapa is the smallest of the northern islands of the
400:
was rotated clockwise by the transverse motion of the
327:
located about 11 miles (9.6 nmi; 18 km) off
2252:
Proceedings of the Sixth California Islands Symposium
2115:"California Native Plant Society Rare Plant Profiles"
1984:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 167.
1487:
1500 California Place Names: Their Origin and Meaning
1393:
Topography of Anacapa Island in Santa Barbara Channel
1405:
Students at Frenchy's Cove Tidepools, Anacapa Island
1217:, and deposits of ancient shells, and the tell-tale
1163:
who labeled it Enecapa on his 1790 chart, while the
593:); and the less-common California alligator lizard (
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2061:Channel Islands National Park: Geologic Formations
1291:36.12 of Ventura County, California. The official
1443:Achieving Balance: Anacapa Island Ten Years Later
273:http://www.nps.gov/chis/planyourvisit/anacapa.htm
719:is also thought to have been harmed by grazing.
497:
2165:"Anacapa Island thrives after rat eradication"
2099:Anacapa Island Restoration Project, California
1916:Climate Summary for Anacapa Island, California
1364:Looking toward mainland California across the
650:Introduced mammals on Anacapa Island included
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1626:
835:
8:
2589:Islands of the Channel Islands of California
2004:
1506:
1504:
1269:replaced the seasonal one in the mid-1970s.
728:) and sea fig, also called freeway iceplant
599:multicarinata). There is one amphibian, the
19:
2425:Anacapa Island Site with Photos and History
1960:
1948:
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2453:
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1804:
1571:California Department of Fish and Wildlife
842:
828:
820:
79:Show map of USA California Channel Islands
38:
18:
2420:Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary
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2146:
2086:Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1159:passed by the island in 1542, but it was
323:, meaning "mirage, illusion") is a small
292:Middle and West Islets of Anacapa Island.
2299:Lamb, Susan; Huey, George H. H. (1998),
1751:
1445:video in the National Park Service page.
1439:video in the National Park Service page.
1114:Source: Western Regional Climate Center
2604:Landforms of Ventura County, California
2317:McCall, Lynne; Perry, Rosalind (2002).
2030:"10th anniversary of Alaska Flight 261"
1455:
1302:
1165:United States Coast and Geodetic Survey
2303:, Western National Parks Association,
2224:Gudde, Erwin; Bright, William (2004).
2016:
1820:
1653:
1641:
1469:
1324:NASA satellite image of Anacapa Island
1170:On the night of December 2, 1853, the
1135:and a view of the Anacapa Island Light
96:
63:
2129:Banks, Richard C. (August 11, 1966),
1835:
1792:
1780:
1768:
1680:
1665:
1567:"Anacapa Island State Marine Reserve"
1422:Anacapa Island Archeological District
817:, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.
553:. The largest breeding colony of the
7:
1850:
1692:
1276:crashed near the island following a
109:Anacapa Island (southern California)
2352:CIR Anacapa Island Restoration Blog
1599:. California Marine Protected Areas
1513:John P. Harrington's Notes, Reel 68
513:], provides a critical habitat for
1552:Anacapa Island Restoration Project
1278:catastrophic loss of pitch control
601:Channel Islands slender salamander
14:
2163:Chawkins, Steve (March 7, 2013),
1930:. Western Regional Climate Center
1597:California Marine Protected Areas
1437:Restoring Balance: Anacapa Island
815:warm-summer Mediterranean climate
742:National Park Service Organic Act
489:The Channel Islands of California
2535:
2435:Anacapa Island Restoration Blog
1398:
1386:
1372:
1357:
1345:
1329:
1317:
1305:
1284:, killing all 88 people aboard.
1249:, a heavy-lift boom for raising
1230:United States Lighthouse Service
1200:Prohibition in the United States
770:(the technique was pioneered in
567:Mammals, reptiles and amphibians
372:ferry service out of either the
95:
88:
62:
55:
44:Satellite view of Anacapa Island
2629:West Coast of the United States
2369:"Channel Islands National Park"
850:Climate data for Anacapa Island
112:Show map of southern California
2634:Islands of Southern California
2393:, McNally & Loftin, West,
2155:Bunnell, David Edward (1993),
1495:University of California Press
1:
2614:Channel Islands of California
2609:Channel Islands National Park
2476:Channel Islands of California
2440:Volunteer on Anacapa Island!
2415:Channel Islands National Park
2354:. Channel Islands Restoration
2301:Channel Islands National Park
1432:List of islands of California
1236:-powered light and whistling
813:system, Anacapa Island has a
811:Köppen Climate Classification
351:Channel Islands National Park
2624:Natural arches of California
2375:, vol. 2 (6 ed.),
1982:California's Channel Islands
1312:Lighthouse on Anacapa Island
1167:labeled it Anacapa in 1854.
363:Anacapa State Marine Reserve
2346:Owen, Ken (July 17, 2011).
2157:Sea Caves of Anacapa Island
970:Mean daily minimum °F (°C)
900:Mean daily maximum °F (°C)
658:, rabbits, and black rats.
2657:
2367:Palmer, Donald F. (2004),
2191:Daily, Marla (1973–2015).
2078:Channel Islands Shipwrecks
1417:Alaska Airlines Flight 261
1274:Alaska Airlines Flight 261
1113:
823:
333:Ventura County, California
2533:
2482:
2389:Roberts, Lois W. (1983),
2373:Geology of National Parks
2286:Holder, Charles Frederick
2278:10.1017/S003060530999024X
1980:Chiles, Frederic (2015).
1380:Anacapa Island, Arch Rock
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969:
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894:
891:
888:
885:
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876:
873:
870:
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861:
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627:United States Coast Guard
591:Uta stansburiana hesperis
217:
192:0.5 mi (0.8 km)
49:
37:
30:
1668:, pp. 184–185, 187.
1188:United States Government
555:California brown pelican
493:Charles Frederick Holder
200:930 ft (283 m)
149:Northern Channel Islands
2594:Volcanoes of California
2430:Winfield Scott History
2064:, National Park Service
1961:McCall & Perry 2002
1949:Gudde & Bright 2004
1809:Sheep on Anacapa Island
1728:Island Conservation n.d
1157:Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo
1155:, meaning "illusion".
795:Ptychoramphus aleuticus
762:with the assistance of
208:Vela Peak/Summit Peak 2
176:699 acres (283 ha)
2565:34.00389°N 119.39472°W
2263:from Anacapa Island",
2226:California Place Names
2148:10.5962/bhl.part.19225
1556:Accessed July 21, 2018
1336:Pacific Electric Ray (
1247:Mission Revival houses
1136:
777:Peromyscus maniculatus
605:Batrachoseps pacificus
574:Peromyscus maniculatus
502:
398:Santa Monica Mountains
378:Channel Islands Harbor
309:
301:
293:
285:
284:Map of Channel Islands
264:Additional information
197:Highest elevation
2639:Islands of California
2512:Santa Catalina Island
2102:, Island Conservation
1573:. State of California
1527:"Chumash Place Names"
1366:Santa Barbara Channel
1340:) offshore of Anacapa
1272:On January 31, 2000,
1257:basin, and two large
1129:
673:National Park Service
637:is a rare species of
596:Elgaria multicarinata
388:Geography and geology
355:Santa Barbara Channel
307:
299:
291:
283:
184:5 mi (8 km)
2570:34.00389; -119.39472
2507:Santa Barbara Island
1593:"Anacapa island SMR"
1511:Harrington, John P.
1427:Anacapa Island Light
1242:Anacapa Island Light
587:side-blotched lizard
529:plants and animals.
523:California sea lions
394:Santa Barbara Island
349:, and is within the
2561: /
2492:San Clemente Island
1823:, pp. 187–188.
1697:Malacothrix junakii
1338:torpedo californica
809:. According to the
764:Island Conservation
634:Malacothrix junakii
619:) previously named
580:San Clemente Island
511:Southern California
21:
2619:Island restoration
2502:San Nicolas Island
2294:, pp. 185–190
1904:Howald et al. 2009
1887:Howald et al. 2009
1866:Howald et al. 2009
1740:Howald et al. 2009
1716:Howald et al. 2005
1137:
732:Carpobrotus edulis
683:, such as that of
646:Introduced species
622:Coreopsis gigantea
617:Leptosyne gigantea
547:Scripps's murrelet
535:introduced species
531:Great white sharks
448:wave-cut platforms
382:Oxnard, California
310:
302:
294:
286:
205:Highest point
168:West, Middle, East
31:Ennepah, 'Anyapakh
2544:
2543:
2522:Santa Rosa Island
2517:Santa Cruz Island
2497:San Miguel Island
2400:978-0-87461-040-6
2310:978-1-877856-74-7
2235:978-0-520-24217-3
2169:Los Angeles Times
2034:The Seattle Times
2005:CINMS (NOAA) 2011
1795:, pp. 185–6.
1627:CINP: Geology n.d
1208:national monument
1198:operation during
1172:sidewheel steamer
1118:
1117:
551:ashy storm-petrel
495:says of Anacapa:
337:Santa Cruz Island
278:
277:
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2599:Volcanic islands
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2324:
2313:
2295:
2281:
2280:
2255:
2249:
2239:
2220:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2187:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2159:
2151:
2150:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2093:
2083:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1977:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1924:
1918:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1854:
1848:
1839:
1833:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1802:
1796:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1713:
1700:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1630:
1624:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1563:
1557:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1529:. Archived from
1523:
1517:
1516:
1508:
1499:
1498:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1402:
1390:
1376:
1361:
1349:
1333:
1321:
1309:
1161:George Vancouver
844:
837:
830:
821:
725:Malephora crocea
694:European rabbits
482:Late Pleistocene
269:Official website
157:
113:
99:
98:
92:
80:
66:
65:
59:
42:
22:
2656:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2579:
2578:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2540:
2531:
2478:
2473:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2388:
2383:
2366:
2357:
2355:
2345:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2316:
2311:
2298:
2284:
2258:
2247:
2242:
2236:
2223:
2206:
2197:
2195:
2190:
2181:
2173:
2171:
2162:
2154:
2141:(14): 173–188,
2128:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2105:
2103:
2096:
2081:
2075:
2067:
2065:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2048:
2039:
2037:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2015:
2011:
2003:
1999:
1992:
1979:
1978:
1967:
1959:
1955:
1947:
1943:
1933:
1931:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1914:
1910:
1902:
1893:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1864:
1857:
1849:
1842:
1834:
1827:
1819:
1815:
1805:Daily 1973–2015
1803:
1799:
1791:
1787:
1779:
1775:
1767:
1758:
1750:
1746:
1738:
1734:
1726:
1722:
1714:
1703:
1691:
1687:
1679:
1672:
1664:
1660:
1652:
1648:
1640:
1633:
1625:
1612:
1602:
1600:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1576:
1574:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1549:
1545:
1536:
1534:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1510:
1509:
1502:
1483:Bright, William
1481:
1480:
1476:
1468:
1457:
1452:
1413:
1406:
1403:
1394:
1391:
1382:
1377:
1368:
1362:
1353:
1350:
1341:
1334:
1325:
1322:
1313:
1310:
1301:
1215:kitchen-middens
1196:bootleg alcohol
1147:comes from the
1143:-derived name.
1124:
1119:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
851:
848:
803:
791:Cassin's auklet
750:
648:
613:
569:
543:
507:
390:
344:Channel Islands
325:volcanic island
222:
155:
117:
116:
115:
114:
111:
110:
107:
106:
105:
104:
100:
83:
82:
81:
78:
77:
74:
73:
72:
71:
67:
45:
33:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2581:
2580:
2542:
2541:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2487:Anacapa Island
2483:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2410:
2409:External links
2407:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2391:Anacapa Island
2386:
2381:
2364:
2343:
2332:978-0936784151
2331:
2314:
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2256:
2240:
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2188:
2179:
2160:
2152:
2126:
2111:
2094:
2073:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2021:
2019:, p. 188.
2009:
1997:
1990:
1965:
1953:
1941:
1919:
1908:
1891:
1879:
1870:
1855:
1840:
1838:, p. 186.
1825:
1813:
1797:
1785:
1783:, p. 185.
1773:
1771:, p. 183.
1756:
1744:
1732:
1720:
1701:
1685:
1683:, p. 178.
1670:
1658:
1656:, p. 189.
1646:
1644:, p. 764.
1631:
1610:
1584:
1558:
1543:
1518:
1500:
1474:
1472:, p. 763.
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1328:
1326:
1323:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1184:George Nidever
1177:Winfield Scott
1123:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
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1080:
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849:
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846:
839:
832:
824:
819:
802:
799:
749:
746:
709:forage grasses
687:Winfield Scott
677:sheep ranching
647:
644:
612:
609:
568:
565:
542:
539:
525:, and several
506:
503:
478:pygmy mammoths
452:surge channels
406:North American
389:
386:
374:Ventura Harbor
370:Island Packers
313:Anacapa Island
276:
275:
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213:Administration
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76:Anacapa Island
75:
70:Anacapa Island
69:
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53:
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43:
35:
34:
25:
20:Anacapa Island
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2652:
2651:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
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2607:
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2600:
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2382:9780787299705
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2315:
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2297:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2274:
2271:(44): 30–40,
2270:
2266:
2262:
2261:Rattus rattus
2257:
2253:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2205:
2194:
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2080:
2079:
2074:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1998:
1993:
1991:9780806146874
1987:
1983:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1954:
1951:, p. 12.
1950:
1945:
1942:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1909:
1906:, p. 39.
1905:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1889:, p. 35.
1888:
1883:
1880:
1874:
1871:
1868:, p. 30.
1867:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1847:
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1841:
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1761:
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1752:Chawkins 2013
1748:
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1572:
1568:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1553:
1547:
1544:
1533:on 2015-04-01
1532:
1528:
1522:
1519:
1514:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1496:
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1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1043:
1042:precipitation
1038:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
968:
962:
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932:
927:
922:
917:
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902:
898:
854:
845:
840:
838:
833:
831:
826:
825:
822:
818:
816:
812:
808:
807:Pacific Ocean
800:
798:
796:
792:
786:
782:
780:
778:
773:
769:
768:North America
765:
761:
758:
753:
747:
745:
743:
739:
737:
733:
727:
726:
720:
718:
714:
710:
704:
701:
699:
695:
691:
689:
688:
682:
678:
674:
670:
669:invertebrates
666:
665:
664:Rattus rattus
659:
657:
653:
652:domestic cats
645:
643:
640:
636:
635:
630:
628:
624:
623:
618:
610:
608:
606:
602:
598:
597:
592:
588:
583:
581:
577:
575:
566:
564:
561:
560:western gulls
556:
552:
548:
540:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
504:
501:
496:
494:
490:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
466:
463:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
432:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
407:
403:
399:
395:
387:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
345:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
306:
298:
290:
282:
274:
271:
267:
262:
258:
254:
249:
246:
243:
241:
237:
234:
231:
229:
225:
221:
220:United States
216:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
165:Major islands
163:
160:Pacific Ocean
159:
153:
150:
147:
143:
140:
139:Pacific Ocean
137:
133:
128:
125:mirage island
124:
120:
91:
58:
48:
41:
36:
28:
23:
2546:
2527:Sutil Island
2486:
2390:
2372:
2358:November 30,
2356:. Retrieved
2351:
2336:. Retrieved
2320:
2300:
2290:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2251:
2225:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2196:. Retrieved
2183:
2174:November 25,
2172:, retrieved
2168:
2156:
2138:
2134:
2118:. Retrieved
2104:, retrieved
2098:
2077:
2068:November 30,
2066:, retrieved
2060:
2038:. Retrieved
2036:. 2010-01-28
2033:
2024:
2012:
2000:
1981:
1956:
1944:
1932:. Retrieved
1922:
1911:
1882:
1873:
1816:
1800:
1788:
1776:
1747:
1735:
1723:
1688:
1661:
1649:
1601:. Retrieved
1596:
1587:
1575:. Retrieved
1570:
1561:
1551:
1546:
1535:. Retrieved
1531:the original
1521:
1512:
1491:Berkeley, CA
1486:
1477:
1379:
1289:Census Tract
1286:
1271:
1264:
1251:supply boats
1227:
1212:
1182:
1176:
1169:
1152:
1144:
1138:
1130:
1044:inches (mm)
804:
794:
787:
783:
775:
754:
751:
736:aequilaterus
735:
731:
723:
721:
705:
702:
698:World War II
692:
686:
662:
661:Black rats (
660:
649:
632:
631:
620:
616:
614:
604:
594:
590:
584:
572:
570:
544:
508:
498:
488:
486:
467:
464:
460:
429:
421:volcanic ash
391:
367:
341:
329:Port Hueneme
320:
312:
311:
251:Demographics
219:
2568: /
2556:119°23′41″W
2209:Malacothrix
2198:December 1,
2193:"Islapedia"
2120:December 1,
2017:Holder 1910
1821:Holder 1910
1654:Holder 1910
1642:Palmer 2004
1603:11 December
1577:11 December
1470:Palmer 2004
1293:2000 census
1267:park ranger
1219:black earth
772:New Zealand
760:brodifacoum
757:rodenticide
748:Restoration
717:horned lark
474:Santa Rosae
392:Along with
347:archipelago
156:Adjacent to
145:Archipelago
27:Native name
2583:Categories
2553:34°00′14″N
2338:2013-04-26
2106:October 9,
2040:2024-05-27
1836:Banks 1966
1793:Banks 1966
1781:Banks 1966
1769:Banks 1966
1681:Banks 1966
1666:Banks 1966
1537:2017-09-28
1450:References
1280:caused by
713:meadowlark
611:Vegetation
470:sea levels
436:sea arches
256:Population
233:California
2219:: 223–244
1851:Owen 2011
1693:CNPS n.d.
1282:jackscrew
1255:catchment
1234:acetylene
1232:built an
1132:Coreopsis
690:in 1853.
681:shipwreck
519:pinnipeds
480:from the
456:blowholes
440:sea caves
130:Geography
122:Etymology
2288:(1910),
1934:June 13,
1485:(1998).
1411:See also
1175:SS
1040:Average
779:anacapae
685:SS
576:anacapae
521:such as
515:seabirds
491:(1910),
417:breccias
259:3 (2000)
135:Location
2213:Madroño
2052:Sources
1299:Gallery
1259:redwood
1223:hearths
1204:recluse
1153:Anyapax
1149:Chumash
1145:Anacapa
1141:Spanish
1122:History
1035:(12.7)
1030:(10.6)
1025:(11.2)
1020:(14.6)
1015:(15.6)
1010:(15.7)
1005:(15.1)
1000:(14.0)
995:(12.6)
990:(11.1)
985:(10.4)
980:(10.1)
975:(10.4)
965:(20.3)
960:(17.2)
955:(18.2)
950:(21.8)
945:(23.1)
940:(23.3)
935:(23.5)
930:(22.3)
925:(21.2)
920:(19.7)
915:(18.1)
910:(17.1)
905:(16.7)
801:Climate
527:endemic
505:Ecology
431:Erosion
425:cinders
402:Pacific
359:Ventura
321:Anyapax
317:Chumash
245:Ventura
2397:
2379:
2329:
2307:
2232:
2092:, 2011
1988:
1192:shacks
1151:word '
1109:(517)
1089:(5.8)
1084:(1.0)
1079:(3.8)
1074:(4.6)
1054:(109)
1049:(136)
856:Month
454:, and
444:stacks
423:, and
409:plates
240:County
181:Length
2248:(PDF)
2082:(PDF)
1221:" of
1107:20.36
1104:(82)
1099:(39)
1094:(13)
1069:(12)
1064:(32)
1059:(79)
895:Year
656:sheep
639:aster
541:Birds
228:State
189:Width
2395:ISBN
2377:ISBN
2360:2015
2327:ISBN
2305:ISBN
2265:Oryx
2230:ISBN
2200:2015
2176:2015
2122:2015
2108:2018
2090:NOAA
2070:2015
1986:ISBN
1936:2020
1605:2023
1579:2023
1238:buoy
1228:The
1102:3.24
1097:1.53
1092:0.52
1087:0.23
1082:0.04
1077:0.15
1072:0.18
1067:0.46
1062:1.27
1057:3.10
1052:4.28
1047:5.36
1033:54.9
1028:51.0
1023:52.2
1018:58.2
1013:60.1
1008:60.3
1003:59.2
998:57.2
993:54.7
988:52.0
983:50.7
978:50.1
973:50.8
963:68.5
958:63.0
953:64.8
948:71.3
943:73.5
938:74.0
933:74.3
928:72.1
923:70.1
918:67.5
913:64.5
908:62.8
903:62.1
892:Dec
889:Nov
886:Oct
883:Sep
880:Aug
877:Jul
874:Jun
871:May
868:Apr
865:Mar
862:Feb
859:Jan
715:and
413:lava
404:and
173:Area
2273:doi
2143:doi
487:In
380:in
376:or
331:in
2585::
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2267:,
2250:,
2217:44
2215:,
2167:,
2139:14
2137:,
2133:,
2088:,
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1968:^
1894:^
1858:^
1843:^
1828:^
1807:,
1759:^
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1695:,
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1634:^
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1503:^
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1458:^
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