222:—lactate—has traditionally been thought to be detrimental to muscle function. However, this appears likely only when lactate levels are very high. Elevated lactate levels are only one of many changes that occur within and around muscle cells during intense exercise that can lead to fatigue. Fatigue, which is muscle failure, is a complex subject that depends on more than just changes to lactate concentration. Energy availability, oxygen delivery, perception to pain, and other psychological factors all contribute to muscular fatigue. Elevated muscle and blood lactate concentrations are a natural consequence of any physical exertion. The effectiveness of anaerobic activity can be improved through training.
148:, and cycling require oxygen to generate the energy needed for prolonged exercise (i.e., aerobic energy expenditure). For sports that require repeated short bursts of exercise, the aerobic system acts to replenish and store energy during recovery periods to fuel the next energy burst. Therefore, training strategies for many sports demand that both aerobic and anaerobic systems be developed. The benefits of adding anaerobic exercise include improving cardiovascular endurance as well as build and maintaining muscle strength and losing weight.
33:
73:
1214:
152:
155:
As muscles contract, Calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum by release channels. These channels close and calcium pumps open to relax muscles. After extended exercise, the release channels can begin to leak and cause muscle
237:
Anaerobic exercises are high-intensity workouts completed over shorter durations, while aerobic exercises include variable-intensity workouts completed over longer durations. Some examples of anaerobic exercises include
113:
leads to increased anaerobic energy expenditure. Intense exercise lasting upwards of four minutes (e.g. a mile race) may still have considerable anaerobic energy expenditure. An example is
446:"Influence of combined aerobic and resistance training on metabolic control, cardiovascular fitness and quality of life in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial"
887:
121:. Anaerobic energy expenditure is difficult to accurately quantify. Some methods estimate the anaerobic component of an exercise by determining the maximum accumulated
211:(or more appropriately, its conjugate base lactate at biological pH levels). Physical activities that last up to about thirty seconds rely primarily on the former
376:
1164:
931:
1139:
587:
Medbo, JI; Mohn, AC; Tabata, I; Bahr, R; Vaage, O; Sejersted, OM (January 1988). "Anaerobic capacity determined by maximal accumulated O2 deficit".
855:
838:
706:
352:
1144:
1016:
631:
243:
114:
924:
1241:
774:
61:
means "without oxygen". In practical terms, this means that anaerobic exercise is more intense, but shorter in duration than
1246:
444:
d'Hooge, R.; Hellinckx, T.; Van
Laethem, C.; Stegen, S.; De Schepper, J.; Van Aken, S.; Dewolf, D.; Calders, P. (2011).
1236:
269:
203:) as a fuel in the absence of oxygen, or more specifically, when ATP is needed at rates that exceed those provided by
117:, an exercise strategy that is performed under anaerobic conditions at intensities that reach an excess of 90% of the
1251:
1217:
917:
380:
413:
Aouadi, R.; Khalifa, R.; Aouidet, A.; Ben
Mansour, A.; Ben Rayana, M.; Mdini, F.; Bahri, S.; Stratton, G. (2011).
786:
Westerblad, Håkan (1 February 2002). "Muscle
Fatigue: Lactic Acid or Inorganic Phosphate the Major Cause?".
76:
724:"Measurement and Evaluation of Blood Lactic Acid, A Requirement for Predicting the Anaerobic Exercise Load"
552:
Svedahl, Krista; MacIntosh, Brian R (2003). "Anaerobic
Threshold: The Concept and Methods of Measurement".
646:
173:
87:
32:
1256:
973:
415:"Aerobic training programs and glycemic control in diabetic children in relation to exercise frequency"
264:
226:
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72:
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106:
102:
856:"Anaerobic metabolic conditioning: a brief review of theory, strategy and practical application"
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includes lower intensity activities performed for longer periods of time. Activities such as
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215:. Beyond this time, both aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis-based metabolic systems are used.
195:
are stored in limited quantities within muscle cells. Anaerobic glycolysis exclusively uses
161:
133:
62:
699:
A Primer for the
Exercise and Nutrition Sciences: Thermodynamics, Bioenergetics, Metabolism
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1176:
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Nutrition and enhanced sports performance : muscle building, endurance, and strength
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Anaerobic exercise may be used to help build endurance, muscle strength, and power.
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110:
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314:
151:
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208:
126:
66:
17:
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347:. Bagchi, Debasis,, Nair, Sreejayan,, Sen, Chandan K. Amsterdam. 26 July 2013.
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445:
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109:) operate using anaerobic metabolic systems, such that any use of fast twitch
83:
461:
362:
192:
807:
676:
573:
538:
519:
479:
470:
430:
608:
503:"Contribution of anaerobic energy expenditure to whole body thermogenesis"
342:
1084:
993:
963:
940:
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200:
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101:
Anaerobic metabolism is a natural part of metabolic energy expenditure.
998:
988:
968:
196:
141:
137:
54:
207:. The consequence of such rapid glucose breakdown is the formation of
983:
565:
722:
Vrenjo, K.; Kovaci, F.; Skenderi, Dh.; Kariqi, A. (23 June 2021).
150:
82:
The biochemistry of anaerobic exercise involves a process called
913:
168:
The alactic anaerobic system, which consists of high energy
90:(ATP), the primary source of energy for cellular reactions.
909:
27:
Physical exercise intense enough to cause lactate formation
728:
International
Journal of Ecosystems and Ecology Science
885:
Atkins, William A. (2 December 2016). Loy, Loy (ed.).
183:
The lactic anaerobic system, which features anaerobic
1132:
1062:
1007:
954:
947:
761:
759:
419:
The
Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness
886:
225:Anaerobic exercise also increases an individual's
630:Di Prampero, PE; G. Ferretti (1 December 1999).
632:"The energetics of anaerobic muscle metabolism"
833:. Princeton University Press. pp. 37–51.
65:. This type of exercise leads to a buildup of
925:
860:Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
315:"Anaerobic: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
309:
307:
305:
8:
951:
932:
918:
910:
375:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
337:
335:
739:
650:
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469:
71:
31:
301:
53:is a type of exercise that breaks down
554:Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology
368:
854:Scott, Plisk Steven (February 1991).
800:10.1152/physiologyonline.2002.17.1.17
7:
86:, in which glucose is converted to
501:Scott, Christopher B (June 2005).
57:in the body without using oxygen;
25:
831:Muscles, Reflexes, and Locomotion
1213:
1212:
1017:High-intensity interval training
893:The Gale Encyclopedia of Fitness
244:high-intensity interval training
115:high-intensity interval training
767:Sports-specific Rehabilitation
400:The Cell: A Molecular Approach
39:belongs to anaerobic exercise.
1:
701:. Humana Press. p. 166.
697:Scott, Christopher B (2008).
661:10.1016/s0034-5687(99)00083-3
589:Journal of Applied Physiology
394:Cooper, Geoffrey M. (2000).
218:The by-product of anaerobic
433:– via Google Scholar.
270:Margaria-Kalamen power test
1273:
829:McMahon, Thomas A (1984).
601:10.1152/jappl.1988.64.1.50
507:Nutrition & Metabolism
129:formation in muscle mass.
42:
1210:
769:, p. 40, Elsevier, 2007
462:10.1177/0269215510386254
213:ATP-CP phosphagen system
162:anaerobic energy systems
1165:Neurobiological effects
450:Clinical Rehabilitation
77:Fox and Haskell formula
639:Respiration Physiology
520:10.1186/1743-7075-2-14
174:adenosine triphosphate
157:
88:adenosine triphosphate
79:
40:
1242:Exercise biochemistry
379:) CS1 maint: others (
154:
75:
35:
888:"Anaerobic Exercise"
741:10.31407/ijees11.335
265:Bioenergetic systems
227:basal metabolic rate
43:For other uses, see
1247:Exercise physiology
1192:Outline of exercise
1160:Exercise physiology
1047:Suspension training
1037:Bodyweight exercise
107:slow twitch muscles
103:Fast twitch muscles
1237:Anaerobic exercise
1155:Exercise equipment
1150:Exercise and music
1100:Muscle hypertrophy
1009:Anaerobic exercise
979:Endurance training
765:Robert Donatelli,
396:"Metabolic Energy"
205:aerobic metabolism
178:creatine phosphate
158:
119:maximum heart rate
80:
51:Anaerobic exercise
41:
1252:Physical exercise
1224:
1223:
1128:
1127:
1095:Interval training
1070:Athletic training
1042:Flywheel training
1027:Strength training
840:978-0-691-02376-2
708:978-1-60327-382-4
354:978-0-12-396477-9
290:Citric acid cycle
275:Strength training
248:strength training
125:or measuring the
45:Strength training
37:Strength training
16:(Redirected from
1264:
1216:
1215:
1202:Physical fitness
1197:Physical culture
1172:Exercise mimetic
1110:Physical therapy
1080:Circuit training
974:Distance running
956:Aerobic exercise
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686:on 27 July 2011.
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679:. Archived from
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260:Aerobic exercise
134:aerobic exercise
105:(as compared to
63:aerobic exercise
21:
18:Anaerobic energy
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1177:Exercise trends
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402:(2nd ed.).
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319:medlineplus.gov
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280:Weight training
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1090:Cross-training
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132:In contrast,
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1257:Bodybuilding
1075:Calisthenics
1032:Bodybuilding
1008:
896:. Retrieved
892:
880:
868:. Retrieved
863:
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787:
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766:
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681:the original
669:11379/540541
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439:
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408:
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322:. Retrieved
318:
246:(HIIT), and
236:
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217:
191:High energy
190:
159:
131:
100:
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81:
58:
50:
49:
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1182:Fitness app
1145:Epigenetics
209:lactic acid
127:lactic acid
67:lactic acid
1231:Categories
1115:Stretching
898:23 October
866:(1): 23–34
788:Physiology
775:0443066426
296:References
285:Cori cycle
220:glycolysis
193:phosphates
185:glycolysis
170:phosphates
97:Metabolism
84:glycolysis
1022:Sprinting
750:237797609
647:CiteSeerX
513:(1): 14.
371:cite book
363:854977747
59:anaerobic
1218:Category
1085:Climbing
994:Swimming
964:Aerobics
941:Exercise
870:30 April
816:14589259
808:11821531
677:10647856
574:12825337
539:15958171
488:34135496
480:21112904
431:21904277
324:21 March
254:See also
233:Examples
201:glycogen
156:fatigue.
1140:History
1133:Related
999:Walking
989:Jogging
969:Cycling
609:3356666
530:1182393
240:sprints
229:(BMR).
197:glucose
142:jogging
138:walking
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176:, and
146:rowing
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948:Types
812:S2CID
746:S2CID
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613:S2CID
484:S2CID
199:(and
180:; and
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1120:Yoga
900:2023
872:2020
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804:PMID
771:ISBN
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673:PMID
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570:PMID
535:PMID
476:PMID
427:PMID
381:link
377:link
359:OCLC
349:ISBN
326:2022
160:The
796:doi
736:doi
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