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36:
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80:
210:
Because of escalating political tensions and the outbreak of World War II, these developments in
Germany were largely kept secret. Although the Allies knew from their monitoring of Nazi radio broadcasts that the Germans had some new form of recording technology, its nature was not discovered until
125:, which had always been broadcast live, to be recorded for later or repeated airing. Since the early 1950s, magnetic tape has been used with computers to store large quantities of data and is still used for backup purposes.
165:
Since the introduction of magnetic tape, other technologies have been developed that can perform the same functions, and therefore, replace it. Despite this, technological innovation continues. As of 2014
2273:
2329:
Memory of the World: Safeguarding the
Documentary Heritage. A guide to Standards, Recommended Practices and Reference Literature Related to the Preservation of Documents of All Kinds
333:
helical scan head drum. Helical and transverse scans made it possible to increase the data bandwidth to the necessary point for recording video on tapes, and not just audio.
3343:
2580:
2210:
Tape data storage is now used more for system backup, data archive and data exchange. The low cost of tape has kept it viable for long-term storage and archive.
128:
Magnetic tape begins to degrade after 10–20 years and therefore is not an ideal medium for long-term archival storage. The exception is data tape formats like
3333:
3439:
2923:
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While good for short-term use, magnetic tape is highly prone to disintegration. Depending on the environment, this process may begin after 10–20 years.
2748:
57:
44:
1256:
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the Allies acquired German recording equipment as they invaded Europe at the end of the war. It was only after the war that
Americans, particularly
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110:
from
Denmark. Devices that use magnetic tape can with relative ease record and play back audio, visual, and binary computer data.
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745:
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A wide variety of audiotape recorders and formats have been developed since. Some magnetic tape-based formats include:
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2208:
are often used to automate cartridge handling and exchange. Compatibility was important to enable transferring data.
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tape. Modern magnetic tape is most commonly packaged in cartridges and cassettes, such as the widely supported
2007:
1990:
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765:
533:
423:
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2351:"Sony develops magnetic-tape technology with the world's highest*1 areal recording density of 148 Gb/in2"
371:. Videotapes have also been used for storing scientific or medical data, such as the data produced by an
3065:
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Perforated (sprocketed) film audio magnetic tape (sepmag, perfotape, sound follower tape, magnetic film)
3206:
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223:, were able to bring this technology out of Germany and develop it into commercially viable formats.
150:
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149:
Over time, magnetic tape made in the 1970s and 1980s can suffer from a type of deterioration called
2890:
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1980:
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2404:"BBC World Service - The Documentary Podcast, A History of Music and Technology: Sound Recording"
2225:
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1007:
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309:
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227:, an early adopter of the technology, made a large investment in the tape hardware manufacturer
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575:
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224:
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83:
7-inch reel of ¼-inch-wide audio recording tape, typical of consumer use in the
3374:
3364:
3181:
2969:
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2802:
2797:
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2197:
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718:
550:
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467:
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154:
2994:
2913:
2403:
2196:
series. The device that performs the writing or reading of data is called a
2098:
2063:
1900:
1829:
1727:
1598:
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997:
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35:
17:
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1390:
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1002:
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639:
492:
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299:
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1920:
1880:
1762:
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992:
610:
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472:
413:
79:
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3318:
1855:
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453:
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344:
324:
228:
186:
122:
88:
84:
78:
2264:"Digitize Those Memory-Filled Cassettes before They Disintegrate"
3118:
2177:
1850:
1137:
787:
351:
in addition. Information stored can be in the form of either an
167:
102:
made of a thin, magnetizable coating on a long, narrow strip of
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2562:
2885:
1890:
1777:
1547:
632:
585:
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29:
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of the binder in the tape and can render the tape unusable.
106:. It was developed in Germany in 1928, based on the earlier
3227:
2506:"Ten Reasons Why Tape Is Still The Best Way To Backup Data"
251:(Muntz Stereo-Pak, commonly known as the 4-track cartridge)
132:
which are specifically designed for long-term archiving.
2233: – Transfer of content between magnetic tape layers
27:
Medium used to store data in the form of magnetic fields
2376:
Eric D. Daniel; C. Denis Mee; Mark H. Clark (1998).
2254:
2252:
3357:
3291:
3215:
3162:
3084:
3026:
3003:
2957:
2899:
2841:
2757:
2729:
203:Magnetic tape was invented for recording sound by
2176:in early computers, typically using large open
2707:
2574:
2139:
8:
2478:M. K. Roy; Debabrata Ghosh Dastidar (1989).
343:Videotape is magnetic tape used for storing
3334:Professional Lighting and Sound Association
2924:Comparison of analog and digital recording
2714:
2700:
2692:
2581:
2567:
2559:
2146:
2132:
670:
378:Some magnetic tape-based formats include:
2297:"LTO Tape Capacity Shipments Up In 2022"
60:of all important aspects of the article.
2431:"How Bing Crosby Brought You Audiotape"
2379:Magnetic Recording: The First 100 Years
2248:
1412:
1207:
673:
56:Please consider expanding the lead to
3395:New Interfaces for Musical Expression
1687:Vision Electronic Recording Apparatus
7:
2549:History of Tape Recording Technology
2453:"LTO Compliance-Verified Licencees"
2276:from the original on 19 August 2016
174:continue to advance tape capacity.
848:Data validation and reconciliation
142:Preservation of magnetic audiotape
25:
3440:Audiovisual introductions in 1928
2944:Reel-to-reel audio tape recording
2172:Tape was an important medium for
898:Distributed file system for cloud
3413:
2410:from the original on 1 July 2019
746:Areal density (computer storage)
663:This section is an excerpt from
115:sound recording and reproduction
34:
2929:Experimental musical instrument
1565:Programmable metallization cell
48:may be too short to adequately
1128:Persistence (computer science)
58:provide an accessible overview
1:
3114:Electronic musical instrument
2353:. Sony Global. Archived from
1996:Electronic quantum holography
305:Digital Audio Stationary Head
113:Magnetic tape revolutionized
3420:Record production portal
3309:Institute of Broadcast Sound
2554:The Museum of Obsolete Media
1347:Video RAM (dual-ported DRAM)
1143:Non-RAID drive architectures
359:. Videotape is used in both
3450:Computer storage tape media
3329:Musical Electronics Library
2429:Fenster, J.M. (Fall 1994).
2331:. UNESCO. 1998. CII.98/WS/4
363:(VTRs) and, more commonly,
3496:
3076:Sound reinforcement system
2985:Sound reinforcement system
2435:Invention & Technology
2159:Magnetic-tape data storage
1936:Holographic Versatile Disc
1835:Compact Disc Digital Audio
1707:Magnetic-tape data storage
1326:Content-addressable memory
665:Magnetic-tape data storage
662:
556:DCT (videocassette format)
539:MII (videocassette format)
336:
196:
139:
3409:
3299:Audio Engineering Society
3197:Software effect processor
3177:Digital audio workstation
3018:Digital signal processing
2782:Digital audio workstation
2597:
2455:. Ultrium. Archived from
1133:Persistent data structure
1028:Digital rights management
478:VX (videocassette format)
3390:Professional audio store
3292:People and organizations
3278:Sound recording engineer
2161:is a system for storing
2008:DNA digital data storage
1991:Holographic data storage
1480:Solid-state hybrid drive
766:Network-attached storage
534:M (videocassette format)
424:Video Cassette Recording
389:Ampex 2 inch helical VTR
315:Digital Compact Cassette
2808:Microphone preamplifier
2165:on magnetic tape using
2003:5D optical data storage
1820:3D optical data storage
1543:Universal Flash Storage
948:Replication (computing)
893:Distributed file system
783:Single-instance storage
761:Direct-attached storage
741:Continuous availability
365:videocassette recorders
108:magnetic wire recording
2749:Electronic and digital
2521:"The Costs Of Storage"
1876:Nintendo optical discs
1093:Storage virtualization
963:Information repository
903:Distributed data store
659:
488:Compact Video Cassette
334:
194:
92:
2406:. BBC. 18 June 2019.
1379:Mellon optical memory
1367:Williams–Kilburn tube
1083:Locality of reference
888:Clustered file system
714:Memory access pattern
679:computer data storage
654:
328:
190:
82:
3207:Software synthesizer
3172:Digital audio editor
2958:Playback transducers
2818:Multitrack recording
2322:"Magnetic Materials"
2262:(1 September 2016).
2174:primary data storage
2075:Magnetic-core memory
1722:Digital Data Storage
1682:Quadruplex videotape
1123:In-memory processing
1013:Information transfer
908:Distributed database
771:Storage area network
751:Block (data storage)
399:IVC videotape format
384:Quadruplex videotape
361:video tape recorders
207:in 1928 in Germany.
151:sticky-shed syndrome
2459:on 13 November 2006
2269:Scientific American
2163:digital information
1672:Phonograph cylinder
1610:Electrochemical RAM
1462:Solid-state storage
1078:Memory segmentation
776:Block-level storage
655:Small open reel of
199:audio tape recorder
3258:Re-recording mixer
3061:Keyboard amplifier
2777:Binaural recording
2226:Magnetic developer
2081:Plated-wire memory
2046:Paper data storage
1692:Magnetic recording
1118:In-memory database
1103:Memory-mapped file
1048:Volume boot record
1043:Master boot record
1033:Volume (computing)
1008:Data communication
933:Data deduplication
660:
621:DVCPRO Progressive
335:
310:Digital Audio Tape
275:RCA tape cartridge
195:
153:. It is caused by
93:
3470:German inventions
3427:
3426:
3233:Guitar technician
3129:Music workstation
3013:Digital recording
2990:Speaker enclosure
2909:8-track cartridge
2851:Phonograph record
2689:
2688:
2481:Cobol Programming
2167:digital recording
2156:
2155:
1753:8 mm video format
1677:Phonograph record
1496:Flash Core Module
1474:Solid-state drive
1373:Delay-line memory
1332:Computational RAM
1235:Scratchpad memory
1073:Disk partitioning
798:Unstructured data
724:Secondary storage
373:electrocardiogram
221:Richard H. Ranger
75:
74:
16:(Redirected from
3487:
3455:Magnetic devices
3418:
3417:
3416:
3304:Goji Electronics
3243:Monitor engineer
3202:Software sampler
3109:Electronic drums
3086:Electronic music
3056:Guitar amplifier
2901:Analog recording
2861:Compact cassette
2823:Music production
2731:Music technology
2723:Music technology
2716:
2709:
2702:
2693:
2590:Magnetic storage
2583:
2576:
2569:
2560:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2441:on 4 April 2011.
2437:. Archived from
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2326:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2256:
2221:Analog recording
2190:Linear Tape-Open
2148:
2141:
2134:
2093:Thin-film memory
2087:Core rope memory
2013:Universal memory
1976:Millipede memory
1966:Racetrack memory
1931:Ultra HD Blu-ray
1743:Linear Tape-Open
1697:Magnetic storage
1665:Analog recording
1108:Software entropy
1068:Disk aggregation
828:Data degradation
813:Data compression
709:Memory hierarchy
699:Memory coherence
671:
409:Type C videotape
404:Type B videotape
394:Type A videotape
265:Compact Cassette
217:John Herbert Orr
192:Compact Cassette
100:magnetic storage
98:is a medium for
70:
67:
61:
38:
30:
21:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3480:1928 in science
3475:1928 in Germany
3460:Sound recording
3430:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3414:
3412:
3405:
3353:
3287:
3253:Record producer
3238:Mixing engineer
3211:
3158:
3124:MIDI controller
3099:Circuit bending
3080:
3022:
2999:
2975:Monitor speaker
2953:
2895:
2843:Recording media
2837:
2828:Music sequencer
2813:Monitor speaker
2759:Sound recording
2753:
2725:
2720:
2690:
2685:
2593:
2587:
2545:
2540:
2539:
2529:
2527:
2519:Coughlin, Tom.
2518:
2517:
2513:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2492:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2462:
2460:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2413:
2411:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2390:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2360:
2358:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2334:
2332:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2305:
2303:
2295:Coughlin, Tom.
2294:
2293:
2289:
2279:
2277:
2258:
2257:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2217:
2212:
2211:
2152:
2123:
2122:
2041:
2033:
2032:
1986:Patterned media
1956:
1948:
1947:
1815:
1805:
1804:
1800:Hard disk drive
1667:
1657:
1656:
1637:
1626:
1625:
1580:
1570:
1569:
1491:IBM FlashSystem
1486:USB flash drive
1425:
1408:
1407:
1362:
1354:
1353:
1342:Dual-ported RAM
1220:
1203:
1202:
1163:Cloud computing
1023:Copy protection
943:Data redundancy
873:Shared resource
843:Data validation
818:Data corruption
793:Structured data
704:Cache coherence
689:
675:Computer memory
668:
649:
644:
503:Digital Betacam
341:
323:
201:
185:
180:
163:
144:
138:
71:
65:
62:
55:
43:This article's
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3493:
3491:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3465:Tape recording
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3432:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3361:
3359:
3358:Related topics
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3314:Lejaren Hiller
3311:
3306:
3301:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3273:Sound operator
3270:
3268:Sound follower
3265:
3263:Sound designer
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3223:Audio engineer
3219:
3217:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3168:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3090:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3041:Bass amplifier
3038:
3036:Mixing console
3032:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3009:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2951:
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2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2905:
2903:
2897:
2896:
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2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2847:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2779:
2774:
2772:Mixing console
2769:
2763:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2735:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2696:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2677:
2671:
2665:
2659:
2653:
2647:
2641:
2635:
2629:
2623:
2617:
2611:
2605:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2544:
2543:External links
2541:
2538:
2537:
2511:
2497:
2490:
2484:. p. 18.
2470:
2444:
2421:
2395:
2388:
2382:. Wiley-IEEE.
2368:
2342:
2313:
2287:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2228:
2223:
2216:
2213:
2206:tape libraries
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2105:Twistor memory
2102:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2066:
2061:
2055:
2049:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2023:Quantum memory
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1957:
1955:In development
1954:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1866:Super Video CD
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1832:
1827:
1816:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1797:
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1790:
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1765:
1760:
1755:
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1725:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1668:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1607:
1602:
1592:
1587:
1581:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1523:MultiMediaCard
1520:
1515:
1510:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1459:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1437:
1432:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1388:
1385:Selectron tube
1382:
1376:
1370:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1339:
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1323:
1318:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1301:
1300:
1299:
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1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1225:Hardware cache
1221:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1178:Edge computing
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1158:Grid computing
1155:
1153:Bank switching
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1098:Virtual memory
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1063:Disk mirroring
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1018:Temporary file
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
968:Knowledge base
965:
960:
958:Storage record
955:
953:Memory refresh
950:
945:
940:
938:Data structure
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
833:Data integrity
830:
825:
823:Data cleansing
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
779:
778:
773:
763:
758:
756:Object storage
753:
748:
743:
738:
737:
736:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
690:
687:
686:
683:
682:
669:
661:
648:
645:
643:
642:
637:
636:
635:
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623:
618:
613:
603:
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583:
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568:
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558:
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548:
547:
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536:
531:
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485:
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470:
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456:
451:
441:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
380:
357:digital signal
337:Main article:
322:
319:
318:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
246:
241:
205:Fritz Pfleumer
197:Main article:
184:
181:
179:
176:
162:
159:
137:
134:
73:
72:
52:the key points
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3492:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3445:Audio storage
3443:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3422:
3421:
3408:
3402:
3401:Vehicle audio
3399:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3370:High fidelity
3368:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
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3327:
3325:
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3317:
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3297:
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3200:
3198:
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3190:
3188:
3185:
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3155:
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3137:
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3130:
3127:
3125:
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3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3005:Digital audio
3002:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2949:Tape recorder
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2919:Cassette deck
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2856:Magnetic tape
2854:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2834:
2833:Outboard gear
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2767:Audio channel
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2717:
2712:
2710:
2705:
2703:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2591:
2584:
2579:
2577:
2572:
2570:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2526:
2522:
2515:
2512:
2507:
2501:
2498:
2493:
2487:
2483:
2482:
2474:
2471:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2445:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2425:
2422:
2409:
2405:
2399:
2396:
2391:
2389:0-7803-4709-9
2385:
2381:
2380:
2372:
2369:
2357:on 5 May 2014
2356:
2352:
2346:
2343:
2330:
2323:
2317:
2314:
2302:
2298:
2291:
2288:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2231:Print-through
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2194:IBM 3592
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2149:
2144:
2142:
2137:
2135:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2111:Bubble memory
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
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1874:
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1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1809:
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1801:
1798:
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1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1738:Cassette tape
1736:
1734:
1733:Videocassette
1731:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1702:Magnetic tape
1700:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1661:
1660:
1653:
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1606:
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1600:
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1582:
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1573:
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1559:
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1534:
1531:
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1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1457:ROM cartridge
1455:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
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1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1183:Dew computing
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1173:Fog computing
1171:
1169:
1168:Cloud storage
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1148:Memory paging
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
983:File deletion
981:
979:
976:
974:
973:Computer file
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
853:Data recovery
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
838:Data security
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
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791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
777:
774:
772:
769:
768:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
735:
734:floating-gate
732:
731:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
691:
685:
684:
680:
676:
672:
666:
658:
653:
647:Computer data
646:
641:
638:
634:
631:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
608:
607:
604:
602:
599:
598:
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587:
584:
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579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
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562:
559:
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554:
552:
549:
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542:
541:
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400:
397:
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358:
354:
350:
346:
340:
332:
327:
320:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
295:NT (cassette)
293:
291:
288:
286:
285:Microcassette
283:
281:
280:Mini-Cassette
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
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173:
169:
160:
158:
156:
152:
147:
143:
135:
133:
131:
126:
124:
121:. It allowed
120:
116:
111:
109:
105:
101:
97:
96:Magnetic tape
90:
86:
81:
77:
69:
59:
53:
51:
46:
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3411:
3144:Sound module
3104:Drum machine
3046:Effects unit
2939:Player piano
2866:Compact disc
2855:
2788:Effects unit
2620:Ferrite core
2607:
2528:. Retrieved
2524:
2514:
2500:
2480:
2473:
2461:. Retrieved
2457:the original
2447:
2439:the original
2434:
2424:
2412:. Retrieved
2398:
2378:
2371:
2359:. Retrieved
2355:the original
2345:
2333:. Retrieved
2328:
2316:
2304:. Retrieved
2300:
2290:
2278:. Retrieved
2267:
2260:Pogue, David
2171:
2157:
2058:Punched tape
2052:Punched card
2018:Time crystal
1886:Hyper CD-ROM
1825:Optical disc
1717:Tape library
1701:
1652:FeFET memory
1633:Early-stage
1513:CompactFlash
1508:Memory Stick
1468:Flash memory
1430:Diode matrix
1414:Non-volatile
1198:Kryder's law
1188:Amdahl's law
1113:Software rot
1088:Logical disk
988:File copying
923:Data storage
878:File sharing
863:Data cluster
657:9-track tape
429:Cartrivision
377:
347:and usually
342:
290:Picocassette
260:8-track tape
239:Reel-to-reel
233:
209:
202:
164:
148:
145:
127:
119:broadcasting
112:
104:plastic film
95:
94:
76:
63:
47:
45:lead section
3385:Music store
3380:Home cinema
3339:Robert Moog
3324:Max Mathews
3248:Piano tuner
3216:Professions
3192:Scorewriter
3149:Synthesizer
2965:Loudspeaker
2662:Floppy disk
2632:Stripe card
2335:12 December
2306:19 December
2202:Autoloaders
2117:Floppy disk
2069:Drum memory
1503:Memory card
1470:is used in:
1404:(2002–2010)
1369:(1946–1947)
1193:Moore's law
1038:Boot sector
978:Object file
883:File system
694:Memory cell
576:D6 HDTV VTR
566:D-3 (video)
561:D-2 (video)
367:(VCRs) and
225:Bing Crosby
213:Jack Mullin
18:Analog tape
3434:Categories
3375:Home audio
3365:Audiophile
3182:GarageBand
3028:Live music
2970:Headphones
2934:Phonograph
2803:Microphone
2798:Headphones
2744:Electrical
2739:Mechanical
2530:3 November
2491:0074603183
2243:References
2198:tape drive
2192:(LTO) and
2040:Historical
1712:Tape drive
1538:SmartMedia
1361:Historical
1058:Disk image
1053:Disk array
928:Data store
729:MOS memory
719:Memory map
551:D-1 (Sony)
508:Betacam SX
498:Betacam SP
468:Video 2000
369:camcorders
249:Stereo-Pak
161:Successors
155:hydrolysis
140:See also:
136:Durability
3139:Sequencer
3066:PA system
2995:Subwoofer
2980:PA system
2914:Amplifier
2876:Hard disk
2793:Equalizer
2680:Racetrack
2644:Thin film
2626:Hard disk
2099:Disk pack
2064:Plugboard
1901:DVD-Video
1830:LaserDisc
1728:Videotape
1599:3D XPoint
1590:Memristor
1230:CPU cache
998:Core dump
918:Data bank
868:Directory
626:DVCPRO HD
449:Digital S
339:Videotape
244:Fidelipac
66:July 2023
50:summarize
3187:ProTools
3164:Software
3154:Theremin
3094:Chiptune
3051:Foldback
2881:MiniDisc
2463:29 March
2408:Archived
2274:Archived
2215:See also
2184:, later
2028:UltraRAM
1906:DVD card
1861:Video CD
1846:CD Video
1616:Nano-RAM
1585:Memistor
1558:XQD card
1533:SIM card
1391:Dekatron
1277:XDR DRAM
1272:EDO DRAM
1209:Volatile
1003:Hex dump
913:Database
808:Metadata
803:Big data
616:DVCPRO50
591:Digital8
525:HDCAM SR
513:MPEG IMX
3283:Tape op
3134:Sampler
2670:(~1970)
2658:(~1968)
2656:Twistor
2280:26 July
2186:9-track
2182:7-track
2113:(~1970)
2107:(~1968)
2089:(1960s)
1926:Blu-ray
1916:MiniDVD
1911:DVD-RAM
1871:Mini CD
1813:Optical
1773:U-matic
1768:MicroMV
1748:Betamax
1612:(ECRAM)
1553:MicroP2
1528:SD card
1518:PC Card
1309:1T-SRAM
1267:QDRSRAM
858:Storage
688:General
640:MicroMV
493:Betacam
483:Betamax
419:U-matic
300:ProDigi
270:Elcaset
3397:(NIME)
3071:Reverb
2682:(2008)
2676:(1995)
2668:Bubble
2664:(1969)
2652:(1962)
2646:(1962)
2640:(1956)
2634:(1956)
2628:(1956)
2622:(1949)
2616:(1932)
2610:(1928)
2604:(1898)
2525:Forbes
2488:
2414:1 July
2386:
2301:Forbes
2119:(1971)
2101:(1962)
2095:(1962)
2083:(1957)
2077:(1949)
2071:(1932)
2060:(1725)
2054:(1725)
2048:(1725)
1921:HD DVD
1881:CD-ROM
1837:(CDDA)
1763:MiniDV
1482:(SSHD)
1464:(SSS)
1450:EEPROM
1398:(2009)
1387:(1952)
1381:(1951)
1375:(1947)
993:Backup
611:DVCPRO
601:MiniDV
581:Video8
473:V-Cord
414:EIAJ-1
353:analog
219:, and
3349:STEIM
3344:SMPTE
3319:IRCAM
2784:(DAW)
2592:media
2361:4 May
2325:(PDF)
2238:Notes
2178:reels
1981:ECRAM
1961:CBRAM
1896:DVD+R
1856:CD-RW
1793:D-VHS
1788:VHS-C
1783:S-VHS
1724:(DDS)
1647:ReRAM
1642:FeRAM
1635:NVRAM
1621:CBRAM
1578:NVRAM
1476:(SSD)
1445:EPROM
1402:Z-RAM
1396:T-RAM
1328:(CAM)
1316:ReRAM
1282:RDRAM
1262:LPDDR
1257:SGRAM
1252:SDRAM
1247:eDRAM
681:types
606:DVCAM
571:D5 HD
544:UniHi
520:HDCAM
459:D-VHS
454:W-VHS
444:S-VHS
439:VHS-C
349:sound
345:video
321:Video
229:Ampex
183:Audio
123:radio
85:1950s
3119:MIDI
2891:Opus
2674:MRAM
2650:CRAM
2638:MICR
2614:Drum
2608:Tape
2602:Wire
2532:2020
2486:ISBN
2465:2013
2416:2019
2384:ISBN
2363:2014
2337:2017
2308:2023
2282:2022
2204:and
1971:NRAM
1943:WORM
1851:CD-R
1605:MRAM
1440:PROM
1435:MROM
1337:VRAM
1321:QRAM
1304:SRAM
1292:GDDR
1242:DRAM
1138:RAID
788:Data
677:and
178:Uses
170:and
168:Sony
117:and
2886:MP3
2871:DAT
2180:of
2169:.
1891:DVD
1778:VHS
1595:PCM
1548:SxS
1423:ROM
1297:HBM
1287:DDR
1218:RAM
633:HDV
586:Hi8
434:VHS
355:or
331:VHS
172:IBM
130:LTO
89:70s
3436::
3228:DJ
2523:.
2433:.
2327:.
2299:.
2272:.
2266:.
2251:^
2200:.
1841:CD
1758:DV
596:DV
375:.
329:A
231:.
215:,
2715:e
2708:t
2701:v
2582:e
2575:t
2568:v
2534:.
2508:.
2494:.
2467:.
2418:.
2392:.
2365:.
2339:.
2310:.
2284:.
2147:e
2140:t
2133:v
1601:)
1597:(
667:.
91:.
87:–
68:)
64:(
54:.
20:)
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