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particularly among the
Orthodox populace, and from the church in Rome. Additionally, Philippicus diverted military resources from Anatolia to the Balkans in an attempt to defend Constantinople against the Bulgars. However, this shift left the empire's eastern front vulnerable to the Umayyad Caliphate's advancements. Consequently, Philippicus faced widespread discontent during his reign. All these things caused Philippicus’ reign to be plagued with discontent among the populace.
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the limited amount of literature dedicated to
Anastasius II is that Leo III is generally regarded as the emperor who succeeded where Anastasius fell short. Consequently, more works have emerged discussing Leo III and his accomplishments, leaving less scholarly attention devoted to Anastasius II. Furthermore, the brevity of Anastasius' reign, coupled with a scarcity of primary sources, could contribute to the relative lack of historical coverage he has received.
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beheaded and foiling
Anastasius' plan to enter Constantinople easily. Unable to breach the city, Anastasius and his conspirators were handed over, by the Bulgarians, to Leo III as requested. In 719, Anastasius was executed, along with other conspirators including Niketas Xylinitas and the archbishop of Thessalonica. Anastasius' wife Irene arranged for his burial in the Church of the Holy Apostles.
622:, causing confusion about whether the city had been conquered. Troops stationed in Sicily declared their support for a new emperor, mistakenly believing that the capital had fallen. Although their rebellion was suppressed, the siege and the subsequent rebellion created an appearance of weakness in Leo's new government. Observing this, Anastasius decided to rebel and reclaim the Byzantine throne.
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rebellion as indications of the state's weakness, making him believe that a rebellion could succeed. Another possibility is that
Anastasius genuinely believed that the Empire was in a state of crisis and that he was one of the few individuals capable of saving it. Lastly, it is plausible that Theophanes was accurate in asserting that Niketas Xylinites advised Anastasius to rebel.
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295:, who provided soldiers and funds for his cause. However, the situation took a turn when Anastasius failed to enter Constantinople, and the Bulgarian forces he had brought with him complied with a request from Leo III to hand over Anastasius and his allies. Consequently, Anastasius was executed alongside other members of the rebellion in 719.
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rose up against
Emperor Philippicus. To prevent him from leading a counter-rebellion and due to the traditional requirement of physical flawlessness for an emperor, Philippicus was blinded. This act aimed to disqualify him both culturally and practically from ever reclaiming the throne. The day after
666:
More recent sources on
Anastasius II exhibit sparser coverage, often limited to encyclopedic entries or discussions focusing on his relationship with Leo III. It is not uncommon to encounter brief mentions of Anastasius without delving into his character or achievements. One possible explanation for
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beyond his specific reign. Notably, their accounts primarily revolved around the rebellion initiated by
Anastasius against Leo III. Due to the proximity of their writings to the actual event, Theophanes and Nikephoros are frequently consulted as primary sources for subsequent works about Anastasius.
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As historical records progressed into the 1900s, Anastasius II's coverage tended to be contextualized within broader time periods. A common approach involved discussing his reign immediately following an account of his predecessor, Philippicus. In these records, Anastasius was often portrayed in a
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Anastasius II received historical attention several decades after his death through the works of
Theophanes the Confessor and Patriarch Nikephoros. These scholars, known for their extensive coverage of Byzantine history, incorporated Anastasius II into their writings, although their focus extended
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from his position. He replaced him with the orthodox
Patriarch Germanus in 715. This strategic move had several purposes. Firstly, it helped to pacify the unrest among the Orthodox population in Constantinople. Furthermore, it enhanced Anastasius' legitimacy as the emperor, which was particularly
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Although the coups during the Twenty Years
Anarchy had seen some success, rebellions carried a high risk of failure. Therefore, Anastasius must have had a compelling reason to believe that the risk was worth taking. One explanation is that he interpreted the siege of Constantinople and the minor
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With the Bulgarian forces by his side, Anastasius marched toward Constantinople. He had sent a message to Niketas Anthrakas, the commander of the city walls, requesting that the gates be opened upon his arrival. Unfortunately for Anastasius, the message was intercepted, leading to Niketas being
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To consolidate this position and maintain stability within the military, crucial for thwarting future coups and retaining Imperial control, Anastasius took decisive measures. He had the officers directly responsible for plotting against Philippicus blinded and exiled. This action served as a
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Philippicus adopted policies that proved unfavorable to the majority of the empire's population, who adhered to Orthodoxy. Notably, he deposed the Orthodox patriarch of Constantinople in favor of a Monothelete patriarch. This decision garnered significant opposition both within the empire,
577:, with instructions not only to resist the enemy's approach but also to destroy their naval resources. Retaking the territories lost to the Caliphate served both practical advantages, such as expanding the empire's borders, and symbolic purposes, showcasing the strength of the new regime.
585:
In Rhodes, a revolt occurred among the Opsician troops due to their discontent with the actions of Anastasius following his rise to power. During this mutiny, Admiral John was killed. Subsequently, the mutineers decided to overthrow Anastasius and install a new Emperor,
535:, which was consistent with the Byzantine emperors' attempts to reconcile with Rome. Gaining the approval of Pope Constantine would have provided Anastasius with a symbol of legitimacy that his predecessor lacked, thereby reinforcing his own legitimacy by comparison.
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important considering his rise to power through a rebellion. To maintain imperial authority and stability, he sought various forms of proof of legitimacy. Elevating Orthodoxy effectively resolved the short-lived schism between the monarchy and the
515:
During Anastasius' reign, his primary focus was on stabilizing the Byzantine Empire. One of his key objectives was to reverse the religious reforms implemented by his predecessor. In line with this goal, Anastasius supported the decisions of the
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and Theophanes the Confessor. Nikephoros claims that Anastasius orchestrated the plot himself, while Theophanes suggests that Niketas Xylinites initiated the rebellion by corresponding with Anastasius. Regardless, Anastasius sought support from
590:(also known as Theodosios). Theodosius III, who was a relatively unknown tax-collector, was proclaimed as the new emperor. Following a siege that lasted six months, Constantinople was captured by Theodosius. Meanwhile, Anastasius had fled to
851:
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Noahm. “Philippikos (711–713).” Dumbarton Oaks, August 19, 2020. https://www.doaks.org/resources/online-exhibits/gods-regents-on-earth-a-thousand-years-of-byzantine-imperial-seals/rulers-of-byzantium/philippikos-711201313.
325:) under preceding emperors. His tenure coincided with a period of turmoil and instability in the Byzantine Empire known as The Twenty Years' Anarchy. Following the initial removal of the last hereditary ruler,
642:, leaving the possibility that Anastasius formed an alliance with the younger ruler. Another explanation posits that Kormesiy acted as a representative of Tervel during negotiations with Anastasius.
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from 713 to 715. His reign was marked by significant religious and political decisions aimed at stabilizing the Empire. One of his notable actions was reversing the previous appointment of a
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reports that Anastasius' reign lasted for 1 year and 3 months, suggesting his removal from power in September 715. However, an alternative date of November 715 is also possible.
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In addition to his religion reforms, Anastasius recognized the need to address the precarious state of the Byzantine Empire's defenses and the issue of territorial loss. The
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1084:“Anastasius II (A.D.713-715).” Roman Emperors An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and Their Families, November 25, 2000. http://www.roman-emperors.org/anastasii.htm.
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relatively favorable light compared to Philippicus. Additionally, some works addressing Bulgarian actions during Anastasius' lifetime also touched upon his reign.
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In 719, Anastasius left Thessalonica to lead a revolt against Leo III. The instigator of the rebellion is a matter of debate, with conflicting accounts from
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Anastasius II dedicated his efforts to fortifying the Empire and fostering a period of stability. However, his reign was cut short when he was deposed by
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Anastasius. Like his predecessor, Anastasius ascended the throne under similar circumstances, which also posed the possibility of a comparable downfall.
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of gold. However, Theophanes the Confessor, who provides this information elsewhere, mistakenly confuses Tervel with his eventual successor
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Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
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Grigoriou-Ioannidou, Martha (1998). "Monoxyla, Slavs, Bulgars, and the Coup Organised by Artemios-Anastasios II (719)".
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in 714. In response, Anastasius pursued diplomatic avenues to restore peace but found his emissaries unsuccessful in
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in 715 presented an opportunity for Anastasius to reverse the situation in his favor. He dispatched an army under
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deterrent against future rebellions, ensuring that Anastasius could maintain his rule and prevent further unrest.
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posed a significant threat, surrounding the Empire both by land and sea. Their incursions had reached as far as
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Grigoriou-Ioannidou, Martha. “Monoxyla, Slavs, Bulgars, and the Coup Organised by Artemios-Anastasios II.”
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The Chronographia of George the Synkellos and Theophanes: The Ends of Time in Ninth-Century Constantinople
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that states a Knowledge (XXG) editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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942:. Australian Catholic University. 25 November 2000. Archived from the original on 24 December 2021
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the blinding, the conspirators selected Artemios as the new emperor, who subsequently adopted the
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but was eventually compelled to yield to the authority of the new emperor. He retired to a
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and received a significant number of troops, as well as financial aid amounting to 50,000
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in 715. Undeterred, four years later, in 719, Anastasius launched a rebellion against
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2, edited by Henry M Gwatkin and James P Whitney, Macmillan press, 1913.
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Sumner, Graham (1976). "Philippicus, Anastasius II and Theodosius III".
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773:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 919.
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Sumner, Graham V. “Philippicus, Anastasius II and Theodosius III.”
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The Making of Eastern Europe: From Prehistory to Postcommunism
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The Making of Eastern Europe: From Prehistory to Postcommunism
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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
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Gregory, Timothy E. “Weak Emperors and Near Anarchy,” in
573:. Simultaneously, he ordered his fleet to concentrate on
333:, successfully deposed Justinian II for the second time.
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The Chronographia of George the Synkellos and Theophanes
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Theodosius, the reigning emperor, was later deposed by
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721:. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. p. 190.
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1089:Constantinople AD 717-18: The Crucible of History,
1041:Byzantine Macedonia: Identity, Image, and History
1010:. Vol. 2. Macmillan press. pp. 415–416.
982:Constantinople AD 717–18: The Crucible of History
265:patriarch of Constantinople, instead reinstating
960:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1057:. 1, 11th ed, Cambridge University Press, 1911.
819:Byzantine Macedonia: Identity Image and History
2616:8th-century executions by the Byzantine Empire
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1064:, 2nd ed., Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.
620:the Umayyad Caliphate besieged Constantinople
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291:Initially, Anastasius received support from
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72:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1101:Torgerson, Jesse W. “Introduction,” in
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525:Patriarch John VI of Constantinople
1096:Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies
907:Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies
817:Burke, John; Scott, Roger (2017).
14:
1087:Sheppard, Si, and Graham Turner,
821:. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 58–59.
16:Byzantine emperor from 713 to 715
1121:Anastasius II, Byzantine Emperor
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1091:Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2020.
877:. Macmillan Press. p. 321.
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315:) held prominent positions as a
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1048:The Cambridge Medieval History
1039:Burke, John, and Roger Scott,
1008:The Cambridge Medieval History
21:Anastasius II (disambiguation)
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2626:710s in the Byzantine Empire
717:Gregory, Timothy E. (2010).
979:Sheppard, Si (2020-03-19).
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171:Church of the Holy Apostles
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2495:Constantine XI Palaiologos
2446:Andronikos III Palaiologos
2333:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
873:Longworth, Philip (1999).
693:List of Byzantine emperors
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1055:Encyclopaedia Britannica
1043:13, Leiden: Brill, 2017.
939:De Imperatoribus Romanis
842:Noahm (19 August 2020).
604:Theophanes the Confessor
518:Sixth Ecumenical Council
319:and Imperial secretary (
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1920:Tiberius II Constantine
844:"Philippikos (711–713)"
770:Encyclopædia Britannica
685:Byzantine Empire portal
2596:Eastern Orthodox monks
2441:Michael IX Palaiologos
1062:A History of Byzantium
719:A History of Byzantium
253:; died 719), known as
52:by rewriting it in an
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2485:Manuel II Palaiologos
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2209:Constantine Lekapenos
1237:and empresses regnant
1123:at Wikimedia Commons
698:Twenty Years' Anarchy
375:Twenty Years' Anarchy
223:Twenty Years' Anarchy
136:4 June 713 – late 715
94:Emperor of the Romans
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411:(restored; 2nd term)
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19:For other uses, see
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2192:Romanos I Lekapenos
1074:Longworth, Philip,
1025:. Brill. p. 7.
1006:Bury, John (1913).
250:Artémios Anastásios
239:Ἀρτέμιος Ἀναστάσιος
231:Artemius Anastasius
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1148:4 June 713 – 715
1144:Byzantine emperor
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2569:
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2566:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2532:
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2520:
2514:
2507:
2505:
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2500:
2498:
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2396:
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2369:
2364:
2359:
2347:
2335:
2330:
2306:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2266:Theodora (III)
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2162:
2157:
2145:
2133:
2128:
2116:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2081:Constantine VI
2078:
2073:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2045:Theodosius III
2042:
2037:
2032:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
1990:Constantine IV
1987:
1982:
1970:
1965:
1959:
1957:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1854:
1852:
1848:Eastern Empire
1844:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1833:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1809:
1802:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1778:
1771:
1766:
1759:
1743:
1737:
1735:
1731:Western Empire
1724:
1723:
1716:
1704:Magnus Maximus
1700:
1698:Valentinian II
1695:
1690:
1685:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1637:
1632:
1630:Constantius II
1627:
1625:Constantine II
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1554:
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1505:
1493:
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1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1402:
1400:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1324:Antoninus Pius
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1250:
1248:
1247:27 BC – AD 235
1240:
1239:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1204:
1196:
1195:
1187:
1184:
1175:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1154:Theodosius III
1152:
1149:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1129:Regnal titles
1111:
1110:External links
1108:
1107:
1106:
1105:, Brill, 2022.
1099:
1092:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1072:
1069:Balkan Stuides
1065:
1058:
1051:
1046:Bury, John B,
1044:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1013:
998:
991:
968:
916:
890:
883:
865:
848:Dumbarton Oaks
834:
827:
806:
797:Balkan Studies
776:
761:Chisholm, Hugh
734:
727:
708:
707:
705:
702:
701:
700:
695:
689:
688:
672:
669:
655:
654:Historiography
652:
611:
608:
588:Theodosius III
582:
579:
552:Constantinople
511:
510:
508:
507:
500:
493:
485:
482:
481:
478:
477:
468:
454:
453:
449:
448:
447:
446:
443:
441:Theodosius III
438:
435:
430:
427:
422:
419:
418:as co-emperor
412:
408:
403:
400:
395:
392:
384:
383:
379:
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367:
364:
300:
297:
278:Theodosius III
269:by appointing
226:
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204:
196:
195:
192:
188:
187:
175:Constantinople
166:
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155:Theodosius III
152:
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38:
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29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2648:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
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2589:
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2570:
2562:
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2405:
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2205:
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2199:
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2193:
2190:
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2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2148:Theodora (II)
2146:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2056:
2055:Constantine V
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2040:Anastasius II
2038:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1948:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1863:Theodosius II
1861:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
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1822:
1820:
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1815:
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1810:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1801:
1798:
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1757:
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1749:
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1728:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1671:Valentinian I
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1638:
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1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1594:
1593:Constantine I
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1583:Constantius I
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
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1536:
1534:
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1521:
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1509:
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1503:
1502:
1497:
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1467:
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1455:
1454:
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1443:
1442:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1225:
1220:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1192:
1181:
1180:
1170:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1146:
1145:
1138:
1132:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1117:
1109:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1024:
1017:
1014:
1009:
1002:
999:
994:
988:
984:
983:
975:
973:
969:
963:
957:
941:
940:
935:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
917:
913:(3): 287–291.
912:
908:
901:
899:
897:
895:
891:
886:
884:0-312-17445-4
880:
876:
869:
866:
853:
849:
845:
838:
835:
830:
824:
820:
813:
811:
807:
803:(2): 181–195.
802:
798:
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
777:
772:
771:
766:
765:Anastasius II
762:
757:
756:public domain
743:
741:
739:
735:
730:
724:
720:
713:
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703:
699:
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664:
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628:
623:
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589:
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568:
564:
561:
557:
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541:
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531:
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523:
519:
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501:
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494:
492:
487:
486:
484:
483:
476:
472:
469:
467:
463:
460:
459:
456:
455:
450:
444:715–717
442:
439:
436:713–715
434:
433:Anastasius II
431:
428:711–713
426:
423:
420:706–711
417:
413:
409:705–711
407:
404:
401:698–705
399:
396:
393:695–698
391:
388:
387:
386:
385:
380:
377:
371:
365:
363:
359:
357:
352:
349:stationed in
348:
347:
343:
338:
334:
332:
328:
324:
323:
318:
314:
306:
298:
296:
294:
289:
287:
283:
279:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
255:Anastasius II
251:
245:
236:
232:
224:
221:
219:
215:
206:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
176:
172:
167:
163:
159:
156:
153:
149:
146:
143:
139:
135:
131:
128:
124:
109:
104:
99:
96:
95:
90:
87:Anastasius II
85:
76:
73:
65:
62:December 2022
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
28:
27:
22:
2478:Andronikos V
2476:
2459:
2407:
2375:
2353:
2341:
2324:
2318:
2312:
2300:
2294:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2168:
2151:
2139:
2122:
2110:
2104:
2091:Nikephoros I
2066:
2065:
2059:
2039:
2026:
2023:Justinian II
2018:Tiberius III
2008:Justinian II
1999:
1993:
1976:
1928:
1900:Anastasius I
1891:
1835:
1831:Julius Nepos
1823:
1816:
1804:
1792:
1785:
1773:
1761:
1752:
1751:
1745:
1718:
1709:
1708:
1702:
1693:Theodosius I
1680:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1610:Maximinus II
1597:
1499:
1482:
1469:
1463:
1451:
1439:
1372:
1334:Lucius Verus
1179:Roman consul
1177:
1142:
1113:
1102:
1095:
1088:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1034:Bibliography
1022:
1016:
1007:
1001:
981:
944:. Retrieved
937:
910:
906:
874:
868:
856:. Retrieved
847:
837:
818:
800:
796:
768:
718:
712:
665:
661:
657:
648:
644:
624:
613:
600:Thessalonica
584:
537:
514:
470:
461:
432:
406:Justinian II
398:Tiberius III
360:
345:
339:
335:
327:Justinian II
320:
302:
290:
275:
254:
230:
229:
92:
68:
59:
40:
2537:(1224–1242)
2531:(1204–1461)
2320:Konstantios
2197:Christopher
2170:Constantine
2160:Michael III
2141:Constantine
2124:Constantine
2106:Theophylact
2035:Philippicus
1985:Constans II
1910:Justinian I
1806:Severus III
1754:Constans II
1508:Claudius II
1484:Silbannacus
1431:Gordian III
1406:Maximinus I
1374:Diadumenian
1173:then lapsed
1169:Philippicus
1137:Philippicus
522:Monothelete
471:Followed by
462:Preceded by
425:Philippicus
356:regnal name
331:Philippicus
263:Monothelete
145:Philippicus
141:Predecessor
2606:719 deaths
2585:Categories
2314:Andronikos
2302:Nikephoros
2251:Michael IV
2216:Romanos II
2136:Theophilos
2131:Michael II
2112:Staurakios
2096:Staurakios
2068:Nikephoros
2061:Artabasdos
1973:Heraclonas
1930:Theodosius
1888:Basiliscus
1648:Nepotianus
1641:Magnentius
1635:Constans I
1588:Severus II
1568:Diocletian
1513:Quintillus
1478:Aemilianus
1471:Volusianus
1416:Gordian II
1381:Elagabalus
1244:Principate
1098:17 (1976).
946:17 October
858:16 October
704:References
581:Deposition
563:al-Walid I
452:Succession
382:Chronology
317:bureaucrat
271:Germanus I
257:, was the
168:1 June 719
2556:Classical
2541:Empresses
2525:(286–296)
2519:(267–273)
2513:(260–274)
2256:Michael V
2182:Alexander
1995:Heraclius
1963:Heraclius
1915:Justin II
1825:Glycerius
1812:Anthemius
1682:Procopius
1620:Martinian
1599:Maxentius
1528:Florianus
1501:Saloninus
1496:Gallienus
1465:Hostilian
1441:Philip II
1411:Gordian I
1359:Caracalla
1294:Vespasian
1289:Vitellius
610:Rebellion
596:monastery
322:asekretis
299:Biography
267:Orthodoxy
244:romanized
151:Successor
2551:Usurpers
2546:Augustae
2504:See also
2409:Nicholas
2231:Basil II
2028:Tiberius
2013:Leontius
2001:Tiberius
1978:Tiberius
1956:610–1453
1951:Eastern/
1905:Justin I
1858:Arcadius
1818:Olybrius
1800:Majorian
1741:Honorius
1720:Eugenius
1655:Vetranio
1605:Licinius
1578:Galerius
1573:Maximian
1558:Dominate
1548:Numerian
1518:Aurelian
1491:Valerian
1436:Philip I
1426:Balbinus
1421:Pupienus
1369:Macrinus
1344:Pertinax
1339:Commodus
1304:Domitian
1269:Claudius
1264:Caligula
1259:Tiberius
1254:Augustus
956:cite web
852:Archived
671:See also
640:Kormesiy
548:Damascus
530:catholic
416:Tiberius
390:Leontius
342:Opsikion
309:Ἀρτέμιος
180:Istanbul
2561:Eastern
2461:Matthew
2355:Alexios
2203:Stephen
2165:Basil I
2050:Leo III
1925:Maurice
1868:Marcian
1851:395–610
1775:Joannes
1734:395–480
1688:Gratian
1561:284–610
1543:Carinus
1523:Tacitus
1399:235–285
1319:Hadrian
1191:Leo III
1188:Lapsed,
1171:in 711,
758::
616:Leo III
544:Galatia
313:Artemis
246::
218:Dynasty
108:Solidus
48:Please
2323:&
2299:&
2206:&
2177:Leo VI
2153:Thekla
2109:&
2076:Leo IV
1998:&
1937:Phocas
1893:Marcus
1878:Leo II
1794:Avitus
1711:Victor
1676:Valens
1666:Jovian
1661:Julian
1533:Probus
1468:&
1448:Decius
1396:Crisis
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