206:, short-horned variety of cattle. Conformation between animals tends to vary, and individuals can exhibit a beef or dairy build. They are small-bodied, with a long trunk and slim bones. Short ribs give a medium chest depth. Females grow 100β110 cm at the shoulder, have a body length of 110β120 cm, and weigh 200β300 kg. Males weigh 300β400 kg. The neck is of average length with a small dewlap. The rear end of the body is wider and higher than the front - shoulders are narrow, long and slant, and the rump is sharp and slant. The back is straight. Legs are short with strong hooves.
27:
189:
with
European breeds to improve productivity and yields, unconscious crossbreeding and poor management, as well as rural-urban migration. In order to save the Anatolian Black and other native cattle breeds, research has been conducted into how to improve their productivity, in order to become a more
219:
Anatolian Blacks can survive harsh conditions, as well as poor care and diet. They are highly resistant to diseases and parasites. These characteristics make them a high priority for conservation. However, their adaptability and low maintenance characteristics have also come at a cost to
257:
Their adaptability and low maintenance characteristics have unfortunately come at a cost to productivity, and in order to make them a viable option for local farmers, their outputs must be improved to match that of
European breeds.
223:
The breeding age for heifers is 24β28 months. Female birthweight is 17β19 kg; male birthweight is 18β20 kg. Cows possess a good maternal instinct, and the mother will not let her milk down unless she can see her calf.
174:
native
Turkish breeds. These three breeds are collectively referred to as "Anatolian Native" cattle, and are distinguished on morphological and regional grounds, rather than genetically.
209:
The head narrows towards the nose, and possesses profound eyes. Bulls have big heads with a convex profile; cows have narrower heads with a small, long face. Males and females are both
249:
Anatolian Black cattle are one of the most important sources of beef in Turkey. They can be fattened rapidly - the daily liveweight gain in feedlots is 700-900 g.
216:
The skin is thick and tough, and coat colour is usually raven black. The hair is slightly wavy on the neck, and hair on the inner surface of the ears is thick.
509:
421:"The domestic livestock resources of Turkey: Economic and social role, species and breeds, conservation measures and policy issues"
524:
514:
26:
519:
166:
The
Anatolian Black is the smallest of the native cattle breeds of Turkey. It is closely related genetically to the
489:
163:
production, meat production, and as draught animals on small farms. They are primarily raised in central Turkey.
190:
viable option for farmers. There is a conservation herd located at the
Central Livestock Research Institute in
346:"Genetic Polymorphism of Five Genes Associated with Meat Production Traits in Five Cattle Breeds in Turkey"
504:
182:
447:"The domestic livestock resources of Turkey: cattle local breeds and types and their conservation status"
171:
167:
385:"Polymorphism on mtDNA D-loop and ND5 Regions Among Turkish Native Cattle Breeds Assessed by PCR-RFLP"
461:
396:
356:
345:
309:
79:
241:. Their lactation period can last from 240β260 days. The milk has a 4-5% fat content.
498:
191:
446:
75:
401:
384:
71:
465:
186:
178:
420:
361:
238:
152:
203:
210:
156:
148:
120:
53:
353:
Journal of the
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University
160:
237:
Cows can produce up to 1000β1100 kg of milk per
147:), also known as Native Black Cattle, is a breed of
90:
85:
67:
59:
49:
41:
33:
314:Breeds of Livestock, Department of Animal Science
310:"Breeds of Livestock - Anatolian Black Cattle"
316:. Oklahoma State University. January 15, 2001
8:
19:
490:Domestic Animal Genetic Resources in Turkey
291:Domestic Animal Genetic Resources in Turkey
25:
18:
400:
360:
425:Livestock Research for Rural Development
267:
7:
414:
412:
339:
337:
335:
333:
331:
304:
302:
300:
285:
283:
281:
279:
277:
275:
273:
271:
510:Cattle breeds originating in Turkey
177:The breed is considered at risk of
389:Journal of Applied Animal Research
14:
344:Γzgecan, Korkmaz AΔaoΔlu (2015).
185:has decreased. This is due to
1:
402:10.1080/09712119.2009.9707026
183:genetically pure individuals
541:
466:10.1017/S2078633612000033
115:
24:
454:Animal Genetic Resources
383:Ozdemir, Memis (2009).
362:10.9775/kvfd.2014.12722
293:. 2011. pp. 16β17.
202:Anatolian Blacks are a
419:Yilmaz, Orhan (2012).
525:Draught cattle breeds
198:Breed Characteristics
181:, and the number of
159:. They are used in
515:Dairy cattle breeds
172:South Anatolian Red
151:that originated in
34:Conservation status
21:
520:Beef cattle breeds
445:Yilmaz, O (2012).
168:East Anatolian Red
155:, in what is now
137:
136:
50:Country of origin
532:
477:
476:
474:
472:
451:
442:
436:
435:
433:
431:
416:
407:
406:
404:
380:
374:
373:
371:
369:
364:
350:
341:
326:
325:
323:
321:
306:
295:
294:
287:
129:
123:
45:Anatolian Native
29:
22:
540:
539:
535:
534:
533:
531:
530:
529:
495:
494:
486:
481:
480:
470:
468:
449:
444:
443:
439:
429:
427:
418:
417:
410:
382:
381:
377:
367:
365:
348:
343:
342:
329:
319:
317:
308:
307:
298:
289:
288:
269:
264:
255:
247:
235:
230:
200:
141:Anatolian Black
133:
128:Bos primigenius
127:
119:
111:
108:
107:
100:
20:Anatolian Black
17:
16:Breed of cattle
12:
11:
5:
538:
536:
528:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
497:
496:
493:
492:
485:
484:External links
482:
479:
478:
437:
408:
375:
327:
296:
266:
265:
263:
260:
254:
251:
246:
243:
234:
231:
229:
226:
220:productivity.
199:
196:
135:
134:
132:
131:
124:
116:
113:
112:
110:
109:
105:
103:
101:
98:
94:
92:
88:
87:
83:
82:
69:
65:
64:
63:Central Turkey
61:
57:
56:
51:
47:
46:
43:
39:
38:
35:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
537:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
505:Cattle breeds
503:
502:
500:
491:
488:
487:
483:
467:
463:
459:
455:
448:
441:
438:
426:
422:
415:
413:
409:
403:
398:
394:
390:
386:
379:
376:
363:
358:
354:
347:
340:
338:
336:
334:
332:
328:
315:
311:
305:
303:
301:
297:
292:
286:
284:
282:
280:
278:
276:
274:
272:
268:
261:
259:
252:
250:
244:
242:
240:
232:
227:
225:
221:
217:
214:
212:
207:
205:
197:
195:
193:
188:
187:crossbreeding
184:
180:
175:
173:
169:
164:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
130:
125:
122:
118:
117:
114:
102:
96:
95:
93:
89:
84:
81:
77:
73:
70:
66:
62:
58:
55:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
23:
469:. Retrieved
457:
453:
440:
428:. Retrieved
424:
392:
388:
378:
366:. Retrieved
352:
318:. Retrieved
313:
290:
256:
253:Productivity
248:
236:
222:
218:
215:
208:
201:
176:
165:
144:
140:
138:
126:
60:Distribution
499:Categories
262:References
179:extinction
145:Yerli Kara
143:(Turkish:
37:Endangered
460:: 65β73.
395:: 37β40.
239:lactation
106:200-300kg
99:300-400kg
42:Nicknames
320:April 9,
153:Anatolia
104:Female:
471:May 18,
430:May 16,
368:May 16,
204:taurine
192:Lalahan
80:Draught
211:horned
157:Turkey
149:cattle
121:Cattle
97:Male:
91:Weight
86:Traits
54:Turkey
450:(PDF)
349:(PDF)
161:dairy
76:Dairy
473:2016
432:2016
370:2015
322:2016
245:Meat
233:Milk
228:Uses
170:and
139:The
72:Meat
462:doi
397:doi
357:doi
68:Use
501::
458:50
456:.
452:.
423:.
411:^
393:36
391:.
387:.
355:.
351:.
330:^
312:.
299:^
270:^
213:.
194:.
78:,
74:,
475:.
464::
434:.
405:.
399::
372:.
359::
324:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
