164:. If significant amounts of glasses are still present, they show vitric properties and receive the Vitric qualifier. With advanced weathering of the glasses, they show andic properties. There are two possibilities of soil formation. In more acidic tephras in humid climates, complexes of organic matter with Al ions develop, and the Andosols are characterized by the Aluandic qualifier. If the tephras are more basic or the climate is dry, amorphous
1247:
29:
108:(WRB). They are closely related to other types of soils such as Vitrosols, Vitrandosols, Vitrons and Pumice Soils that are used in different soil classification systems. The name comes from Japanese
104:. In some cases Andosols can also be found outside active volcanic areas. Andosols cover an estimated 1–2% of Earth's ice-free land surface. Andosols are a Reference Soil Group of the
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157:. However, the definitions are different. Some Histosols (WRB) belong to the Andisols (ST), and some Andosols (WRB) belong to the Inceptisols (ST).
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is easily fixed (this sometimes occurs in the tropics). They can usually support intensive cropping, with areas used for wet
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Andosols are known from areas far from present-day volcanic activity and have in some cases been dated as far back as the
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310:– Andosols with advanced soil formation containing many complexes of organic substances and aluminium.
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W. Zech, P. Schad, G. Hintermaier-Erhard: Soils of the World. Springer, Berlin 2022, Chapter 11.3.3.
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304:– Andosols with limited soil formation, still containing significant amounts of volcanic glasses.
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supporting some of the densest populations in the world. Other
Andosol areas support crops of
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develop, and the
Andosols are given the Silandic qualifier. In both cases, they contain many
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Soils formed in volcanic ash and containing glass and amorphous colloidal materials
316:– Andosols with advanced soil formation containing many allophanes and imogolites.
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Andosols typically develop in parent materials containing high proportions of
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Andosols occupy ~1-2% of global ice-free land area. Most occur around the
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Major Soils of the World. ISRIC Wageningen, The
Netherlands. 2001
216:. In the Pacific Northwest USA, Andosols support very productive
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398:
A Handbook of Soil
Terminology, Correlation and Classification
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184:. Silandic Andosols are very fertile except in cases where
379:"World Reference Base for Soil Resources, fourth edition"
133:
121:
109:
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447:W. Zech, P. Schad, G. Hintermaier-Erhard (2022).
153:(ST), many Andosols belong to the order of the
384:. International Union of Soil Sciences, Vienna.
278:. They are the most common type of soil in the
520:"Caracterização e Diagnóstico da Ilha do Pico"
658:
8:
471:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
665:
651:
643:
227:, with the largest areas found in central
18:
395:Pavel Vladimirovich Krasilʹnikov (2009).
495:United States Department of Agriculture
353:
106:World Reference Base for Soil Resources
959:Canadian system of soil classification
491:National Resource Conservation Service
464:
7:
637:Profile photos (with classification)
631:Profile photos (with classification)
943:Unified Soil Classification System
14:
948:AASHTO Soil Classification System
1246:
1245:
27:
582:Soil and Land Sciences Division
377:IUSS Working Group WRB (2022).
964:Australian Soil Classification
955:(French classification system)
1:
365:Encyclopedia of Soil Science
984:List of vineyard soil types
527:servicos-sraa.azores.gov.pt
262:. Other areas occur in the
134:
122:
110:
1296:
969:Polish Soil Classification
401:. Earthscan. p. 376.
180:and have a bulk density ≤
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993:Non-systematic soil types
554:Soil & Water Sciences
451:. Springer. p. 256.
144:
139:
132:'soil'), synonymous with
127:
115:
26:
979:List of U.S. state soils
974:1938 USDA soil taxonomy
953:Référentiel pédologique
937:FAO soil classification
292:1.5 billion years ago.
558:University of Florida
363:by Olafur Arnalds in
332:Pedology (soil study)
168:materials, including
1105:Calcareous grassland
682:World Reference Base
296:Important qualifiers
225:Pacific Ring of Fire
674:Soil classification
639:IUSS World of Soils
586:University of Idaho
337:Soil classification
858:USDA soil taxonomy
684:for Soil Resources
548:Grunwald, Sabine.
449:Soils of the World
434:2014-10-23 at the
151:USDA soil taxonomy
33:An Andosol profile
1257:
1256:
619:978-3-540-30460-9
458:978-3-540-30460-9
408:978-1-84977-435-2
264:East African Rift
245:Pacific Northwest
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1145:Hydrophobic soil
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588:. Archived from
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1210:Subaqueous soil
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70:Parent material
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592:on 2009-03-09
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501:on 9 May 2006
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1160:Martian soil
702:
633:WRB homepage
594:. Retrieved
590:the original
581:
572:
561:. Retrieved
553:
543:
531:. Retrieved
529:. p. 62
526:
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503:. Retrieved
499:the original
490:
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412:. Retrieved
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390:
372:
367:, pp. 39–26.
364:
360:
356:
313:
307:
301:
284:
260:North Island
222:
178:ferrihydrite
159:
120:'dark') and
89:
88:
1225:Terra rossa
1220:Terra preta
1200:Spodic soil
1120:Duplex soil
1100:Brown earth
1080:Alkali soil
1070:Rhizosphere
1065:Laimosphere
939:(1974–1998)
896:Inceptisols
803:Plinthosols
768:Kastanozems
327:Pedogenesis
290:Precambrian
256:New Zealand
1264:Categories
1205:Stagnogley
1155:Lunar soil
1110:Dark earth
1095:Brickearth
1060:Pedosphere
1030:Soil crust
838:Technosols
823:Solonchaks
743:Ferralsols
708:Anthrosols
596:2006-05-14
578:"Andisols"
563:2006-05-14
550:"Andisols"
505:2006-05-14
487:"Andisols"
348:References
186:phosphorus
149:). In the
1190:Quicksand
1135:Fill dirt
1075:Bulk soil
921:Vertisols
911:Spodosols
901:Mollisols
891:Histosols
876:Aridisols
848:Vertisols
843:Umbrisols
833:Stagnosol
798:Planosols
793:Phaeozems
773:Leptosols
758:Gypsisols
748:Fluvisols
728:Chernozem
723:Cambisols
718:Calcisols
713:Arenosols
467:cite book
414:30 August
250:, Japan,
174:imogolite
170:allophane
166:colloidal
96:found in
65:Ah-Bwβ-Cγ
1270:Pedology
1175:Paleosol
1090:Blue goo
1045:Gypcrust
916:Ultisols
886:Gelisols
881:Entisols
871:Andisols
866:Alfisols
828:Solonetz
818:Retisols
813:Regosols
788:Nitisols
783:Luvisols
778:Lixisols
763:Histosol
753:Gleysols
738:Durisols
733:Cryosols
703:Andosols
693:Acrisols
432:Archived
361:Andosols
321:See also
314:Silandic
308:Aluandic
237:Colombia
155:Andisols
135:kuroboku
98:volcanic
90:Andosols
1125:Eluvium
1085:Bay mud
1050:Caliche
1040:Hardpan
1035:Claypan
1025:Subsoil
1020:Topsoil
906:Oxisols
808:Podzols
698:Alisols
686:(1998–)
276:Hawaiʻi
272:Iceland
233:Ecuador
218:forests
214:tobacco
83:various
80:Climate
61:Profile
39:Used in
22:Andosol
1235:Yedoma
1170:Muskeg
617:
455:
405:
342:Trumao
302:Vitric
286:Fossil
280:Azores
243:, the
241:Mexico
210:coffee
74:tephra
1215:Takir
1150:Loess
533:7 May
523:(PDF)
382:(PDF)
268:Italy
229:Chile
202:maize
198:fruit
162:glass
94:soils
1180:Peat
1015:Loam
1010:Clay
1005:Silt
1000:Sand
615:ISBN
535:2021
473:link
453:ISBN
416:2013
403:ISBN
274:and
254:and
252:Java
194:Java
190:rice
172:and
92:are
52:code
1165:Mud
258:'s
212:or
206:tea
192:in
50:WRB
43:WRB
1266::
584:.
580:.
556:.
552:.
525:.
493:.
489:.
469:}}
465:{{
282:.
270:,
266:,
248:US
239:,
235:,
231:,
220:.
208:,
204:,
200:,
146:ぼく
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111:an
55:AN
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599:.
566:.
537:.
508:.
475:)
461:.
418:.
141:黒
138:(
129:土
126:(
117:暗
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
