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407:, which had been improperly stored in damp conditions since 1468. Additionally, the manuscripts were frequently borrowed from the library without being returned. In order to address these issues, Navagero enlisted the help of Giovanni Battista Ramusio to sort through the many works. Furthermore, the two successfully instituted a system of fines to ensure the timely return of the manuscripts. As the Official Historian of the Republic, Navagero was also tasked with writing an official history of Venice; however, he made little progress due to his occupation with the library. In 1521, his funeral oration for
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637:, where the exchange was to be conducted. However, instead of returning to Venice, he was ordered to travel to Paris to develop contacts within Francis's court. He made the journey through France, writing descriptions of its towns and regions along the way, until he reached Paris on June 27, where he acquainted himself with the French court. Afterwards, he finally travelled back to Venice, returning home on 24 September 1528, nearly five years after he had initially left.
669:, meeting Francis there. Feeling ill, Navagero then retreated to his quarters; his condition gradually worsened until he died on 8 May 1529. Francis, who had grown to like Navagero during his ambassadorship with Spain, arranged a grand funeral in his honor. Navagero's brother Pietro retrieved his coffin, which was later buried next to his beloved garden in Murano. Navagero's death caused great grief among his many associates; Ramusio, his closest friend, was despondent.
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lauded; however, he later revealed to
Ramusio that he had become disillusioned with politics and strongly desired to leave the field. He instead wished to return to translating the manuscripts he had collected in Spain and cultivating his gardens. Much to his dismay, however, he was named the ambassador to France in January 1529 after failing to obtain employment at the Studio di Padova.
442:. At the time, Venice aimed to protect its own territory in Italy and curtail Spain's dramatic growth of influence. As such, Navagero was tasked with negotiating the ratification of a peace treaty between Spain and Venice. He was also instructed to avoid terms unfavorable to Venice's ally, France. Before traveling to Spain, Navagero agreed to covertly send Spanish reports regarding
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622:. As Venice was a member of the league, Navagero was among those arrested; he loathed his prison, calling it a "dreadful little place on some rocky mountain." While imprisoned, he grew to resent Charles' powerful advisor Mercurino di Gattinara, who he saw as delaying the peace negotiations, possibly for his own personal interests.
583:, detailing its impressive marble architecture, gardens, and fountains to Ramusio. Navagero, who had previously studied ancient architecture in depth, concluded that the fortress "lack nothing pleasing or beautiful." He also described to Ramusio the surrounding ruins, homes, gardens, and inhabitants, as well as the valley of the
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Upon
Navagero's return to Venice, he joyfully found his library and garden well-maintained by Ramusio; in return, he delivered Ramusio multiple manuscripts regarding Spanish knowledge of the New World, as he had promised to do. His ambassadorship in Spain during the diplomatically volatile period was
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in order to acquaint himself with the royal court of
Francis. By the time he had arrived back in Venice in September 1528, he had grown disillusioned with politics and wished to return to translating manuscripts and cultivating his prized gardens. Much to his dismay, however, he was appointed
618:, which Navagero referred to pessimistically as a "melancholy city under a melancholy sky." After Francis I had Spanish diplomat Íñigo López de Mendoza arrested in Paris, Charles ordered the ambassadors of all member nations of the League of Cognac detained and held at the castle in
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as "his property" and recommended that Venice pay the emperor 120,000 ducats to ensure peace in the region. Priuli returned to Venice, as had been previously planned, while
Navagero settled in Toledo, supplying highly-detailed descriptions of the city to Ramusio and translating
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for the general that lasted multiple hours, referencing d'Alviano's special fondness towards himself. d'Alviano left the
Venetian Republic a large sum of money, directing that the funds be used to construct a public library housing Greek scholar
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and granted entry to the city. Columbus was accompanied by
Baldassare Castiglione, with whom Navagero would spend much of his time in Spain. After the two ambassadors introduced themselves to Charles V, they were later informed by advisor
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against the
Venetian Republic. He earned the admiration of d'Alviano for both his literary skill and bravery, leading to d'Alviano choosing Navagero as his protege. In 1515, following d'Alviano's death in the siege of
310:, among others. He was also a prolific poet, although he destroyed many of his own works, as they did not meet his rigorous standards. All that remains of his poetry is a collection of 47 Latin poems referred to as
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in
February 1525, Navagero and Priuli received instructions to hasten their travel to Spain to negotiate the peace treaty, as well as to broker Francis's release. After months of delay due to a plague outbreak in
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Navagero was born in 1483 to an established, wealthy
Venetian family. His father was named Bernardo Navagero and his mother was named Lucrezia Bolani. He also had a brother named Pietro. Geographer and writer
286:, five years younger than normal at the time; it was believed that he had the potential to become an ascendant and successful politician. Despite his election, he dedicated much of his time towards editing
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memorializing
Navagero; privately, he lamented, "Poor Navagero was a rare being, who could not fail to do honor to his country. Had he been an ignorant fool, he would have lived!"
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no longer administered the city, believing the Spanish would allow its beauty to deteriorate, and was upset by the forced religious conversion of the locals as part of the
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for their honeymoon; Navagero and the rest of the ambassadors followed. There, Navagero stayed in a "pleasant", "small house". He soon set out to explore the nearby
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294:, garnering a reputation as an erudite and a skilled writer. For the Aldine Press, with which he was involved since its inception, he translated the works of
478:. They were met with extreme storms on the water, killing Navagero's best horse and leading Navagero to proclaim that he had witnessed "mountains of water".
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designated Navagero both the manager of the collection and the Official Historian of the Republic, granting Navagero a considerably large salary of 200
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was Navagero's distant cousin, and would grow to be among his closest friends. Navagero was first educated by private tutors before attending the
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Navagero and Priuli's journey to Spain was fraught with difficulties. After the two departed Venice in July 1524, Priuli fell severely ill in
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661:, Navagero was sent urgently to France in order to attempt to pacify the emperor. After travelling through the freezing-cold
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noted Navagero's "excellent gifts and noble character" in a letter following his death. Navagero's Italian translation of
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Navagero continued to lobby Charles V for the release of Francis I, who at that time was imprisoned and severely ill in
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discoveries to Ramusio; in exchange, Ramusio would oversee the Bessarion library and Navagero's prized gardens in
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and northern Italy; France acquiesced, ending the negotiations and allowing the royal court to move to
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during this time, attempting to calm tensions after Charles V's invasion of Italy, which ignited the
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in 1523, and was forced to navigate the volatile diplomatic climate caused by the conflict between
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at the age of twenty. He heavily dedicated himself to the translation of classic Greek and Latin
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Following the harrowing journey, Navagero and Priuli travelled for four weeks from Barcelona to
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and its fruit, which he labelled "the most delicious in the world". Navagero lamented that the
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As a result of his high standing among Venetian scholarly circles, he was named the Venetian
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Venice, CitĂ Excelentissima: Selections from the Renaissance Diaries of Marin Sanudo
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for three months; he later recovered and rejoined Navagero, who had advanced to
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1453:(30 June 2008). White, Laura Sanguineti; Labalme, Patricia Hochschild (eds.).
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The Perfect Courtier: Baldassare Castiglione, His Life and Letters, 1478-1529
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after a plague outbreak. Navagero and the rest of the diplomats stayed in
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and Selve, which he " for ... more than for anything else in this world."
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and frequently toured the city; it was during this excursion that painter
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This Earthly Globe: A Venetian Geographer and the Quest to Map the World
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alongside humanist Agostino Beazzano. They found lodging at the home of
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the following April; before returning home to Venice, he travelled to
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Due to his prestigious reputation, Navagero, alongside future Doge
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Following Navagero's appointment to the position, he travelled to
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Italian ambassador, orator, translator and historian (1483–1529)
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was widely praised and reinforced his high scholarly standing.
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Only Connect: Art and the Spectator in the Italian Renaissance
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was found after his death and published by Ramusio in Venice.
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157:. Born to a wealthy family in Venice, he was elected to the
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1445:. Vol. 76. Leonard Scott Publishing Company. 1914.
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In December 1526, Navagero followed the royal court to
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that May, he fell gravely ill and died on 8 May 1529.
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Secretaries and Statecraft in the Early Modern World
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Muqarnas: An Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture
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1375:Dover, Paul M., ed. (14 June 2016).
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1400:Lach, Donald F. (15 January 2010).
129:(1483 – 8 May 1529) was a Venetian
641:Ambassadorship to France and death
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519:, written by his newfound friend
1627:16th-century Italian translators
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1442:The Nineteenth Century and After
426:, was appointed as the Venetian
1617:16th-century Italian historians
1622:16th-century Italian diplomats
1592:16th-century Italian botanists
1461:Johns Hopkins University Press
1425:NecipoÄźlu, GĂĽlru, ed. (1994).
542:, the Seville harbor, and the
438:on 10 October 1523, replacing
262:. He attended meetings at the
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1403:Asia in the Making of Europe
649:Portrait of Navagero c. 1597
1408:University of Chicago Press
683:Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo
612:War of the League of Cognac
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1597:16th-century Italian poets
1486:Princeton University Press
1383:Edinburgh University Press
1332:Cicogna, Emmanuele Antonio
1318:Cartwright Ady, Julia Mary
602:, which soon relocated to
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516:Decades of the New World
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171:Bartolomeo d'Alviano
61:8 May 1529 (aged 46)
1348:di Robilant, Andrea
1342:] (in Italian).
1021:Cartwright Ady 1908
857:Cartwright Ady 1908
593:Spanish Inquisition
360:Biblioteca Marciana
327:Biblioteca Marciana
240:University of Padua
88:University of Padua
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1451:Sanudo, Marin
1448:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1429:
1423:
1419:
1417:9780226467306
1413:
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1398:
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1392:9781474402248
1388:
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1367:9780307597076
1363:
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1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
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1302:, p. 14.
1301:
1300:Stirling 2003
1296:
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1241:
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1203:, p. 83.
1202:
1197:
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869:Shearman 2023
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775:Stirling 2003
771:
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760:, p. 28.
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1326:. J. Murray.
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864:
852:
777:, p. 5.
753:
748:, p. 9.
725:Cicogna 1855
720:
715:, p. 7.
686:
671:Pietro Bembo
656:
652:
635:FuenterrabĂa
624:
597:
570:
554:
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490:
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384:
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331:
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292:Aldine Press
281:
232:
187:
167:Aldine Press
126:
125:
73:Burial place
1587:1529 deaths
1582:1483 births
888:Wilson 2024
826:Sanudo 2008
746:Wilson 2024
713:Wilson 2024
288:manuscripts
163:manuscripts
94:Occupations
1576:Categories
1310:References
1240:Dover 2016
600:Valladolid
552:compendium
428:ambassador
300:Quintilian
190:ambassador
143:translator
131:politician
116:Ambassador
106:Translator
972:Lach 2010
497:Charles V
486:Charles V
476:Barcelona
463:Francis I
444:New World
356:Bessarion
272:Epicurean
202:Francis I
198:Charles V
179:Bessarion
175:a library
151:historian
111:Historian
1334:(1855).
1320:(1908).
631:Pyrenees
604:Palencia
581:Alhambra
566:Alhambra
532:Burgundy
461:. After
434:by Doge
370:a year.
268:humanist
135:diplomat
67:, France
577:Granada
544:Giralda
540:Alcázar
536:Seville
459:Livorno
405:codices
395:Raphael
347:Brescia
165:at the
79:, Italy
37:Raphael
1538:
1513:
1492:
1467:
1414:
1389:
1364:
675:sonnet
659:Naples
616:Burgos
528:Madrid
493:Toledo
448:Murano
368:ducats
308:Cicero
306:, and
296:Virgil
278:Career
215:France
153:, and
139:orator
101:Orator
77:Murano
51:Venice
1338:[
693:Notes
667:Blois
589:Moors
585:Darro
510:Italy
472:Genoa
455:Parma
432:Spain
312:Lusus
256:Greek
248:Latin
223:Blois
210:Paris
194:Spain
65:Blois
1536:ISBN
1511:ISBN
1490:ISBN
1465:ISBN
1412:ISBN
1387:ISBN
1362:ISBN
1002:1914
663:Alps
564:The
409:Doge
387:Rome
304:Ovid
270:and
254:and
219:Alps
200:and
147:poet
58:Died
47:1483
44:Born
685:'s
633:to
430:to
342:war
258:by
250:by
192:to
1578::
1534:.
1530:.
1488:.
1484:.
1463:.
1459:.
1410:.
1385:.
1381:.
1360:.
1356:.
1220:^
1009:^
979:^
964:^
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833:^
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782:^
765:^
732:^
701:^
595:.
557:.
314:.
302:,
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149:,
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141:,
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133:,
1544:.
1519:.
1498:.
1473:.
1435:.
1420:.
1395:.
1370:.
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