Knowledge (XXG)

Andrei Mocioni

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1103: 820: 1332: 534: 31: 1386:. Although a critic of "Mocionist" conservatism in Austria-Hungary, during the interwar he became noted for his work to preserve and shed light on the family's contribution as a "moral dynasty". Bocu wrote Andrei Mocioni's profile as a study in national pedagogy, declaring that any Banatian unaware of the Mocionis' role "is a Banatian in name only". Mocioni, or any other of his relatives, is also mentioned in the 1422:, the mansion was re-purposed as a cultural club and mainly functioned as a disco, before being taken over by the local town hall. The communist and post-communist periods saw the Mocioni inheritance falling into disrepair, and the deposited collections were still being looted in 2003. In the latter period, busts of Andrei and Alexandru Mocioni were installed in Timișoara's Scudier Park. 1131: 548: 572:, the local Mocionis, including Andrei, also made a point of learning Serbian, and "sort of carried themselves like Serbs". Seen by his contemporaries as a man of outstanding culture and upbringing, Andrei had "perfect" command of Aromanian, Romanian, Hungarian, Serbian, as well as Latin, French, and German. Like his father, he took a law degree in 1828 or 1832, from the 1070:(or "Romanian Literary Society", as it was known at the time). He was inducted as a Banat representative, alongside Babeș—who, in 1883, wrote Mocioni's biography. From 1861, the Mocionis and Babeș had cooperated in countering Hungarian nationalist propaganda abroad, publicizing the Romanian point of view. According to Babeș, their effort was sabotaged by 1043:"political, patriotic, and national virtues". As noted by historian Tudor-Radu Tiron, the restoration of Hungarian rule ultimately pushed the Mocionis back into Hungarian politics, which explains why Andrei, Anton and Gheorghe all took seats in the last Diet of Hungary (1865). Elected at Lugoj, Andrei served from December 14, 1865, and joined the 1339:
Mocioni's body was taken to Foeni for an Orthodox burial at the common Serb–Romanian church, which he and his wife had furnished. Laura inherited all his wealth, which sparked a Mocioni family feud. Already a licensed postal worker, she continued Mocioni's work as a postmaster. She died on the estate
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had only managed to establish a Transylvanian caucus and a Banatian one. The latter, presided upon by Anton Mocioni, recognized Hungarian rule and sought to obtain Romanian rights within its jurisdiction. An 1872 report to his partisans also claimed that Andrei and the other Mocionis were "disgusted"
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Mocioni's mandate ended with the Diet recall on September 29, 1860. He had failed in his bid to secure Banat autonomy: the region, alongside all of the Voivodeship, was re-annexed to the Hungarian crown in December 1860. In April 1861, Mocioni persuaded the Banat Romanians to boycott future elections
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Mocioni's health was failing, and for this reason he never attended any session of the Romanian Academy. From 1879, Mocioni's disease worsened, and, once bedridden, he was taken to Temeschwar (now officially Temesvár) to be under specialist care. Mocioni died on May 5 (April 23), 1880. Although some
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Mocioni was still pressed by his friends to make a return to politics. He refused on principle, but allowed for a theoretical possibility: "I shall no longer fight and sacrifice myself to the four winds, but will patiently wait for a national regeneration to begin, if ever." In December 1875, he was
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was sent over to report to Franz Joseph on the demands of Banat Romanians, Mocioni called in and organized a National Assembly. This demanded the creation of a Banat Captaincy, and, when the request was denied, an administrative incorporation with Transylvania. He noted that Romanians needed to form
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In 1852, Mocioni ultimately resigned as commissioner, expressing his protest toward the treatment of Romanians by the Austrian government. However, he was asked to reconsider by the authorities, who feared that they were becoming unpopular with the majority population. Although he did not resume his
724:. He resigned all positions in the state apparatus in 1856, and withdrew to Foeni. This decision was cemented in 1858 by the death of brother Petru, killed by his own landlord or doorman in Pest. The killing, which some authors see as a political assassination, ended with a celebrity trial in which 1205:
newspaper noted that "although Andrea Mocioni will forever remain the true leader" of the Romanian caucus, Alexandru was emerging as the tactician, and moderating the Romanians' resistance to Hungarian nationalism. Andrei also continued to be active as a sponsor and philanthropist, providing funds
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on the issue of separation, knowing that it would favor the Romanians. The Patriarch resisted this move and suspended the negotiations, arguing that "the nation would have me stoned to death". Rajačić's death in late 1861 created confusion among the Serb bishops, empowering Mocioni to network and
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within a centralized Austria; Petrino, a "federalist", wanted regional decentralization on the basis of old laws, which, while favoring Bukovinians, would have left Romanians in Hungary underrepresented as a group. The two made common cause in their opposition to a projected union between Bukovina
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On June 6, Mocioni was elected to the Budget Committee, and from this position campaigned to have Romanian Orthodox churches subsidized on par with other state-recognized religions. Proclaiming the equality of nations against demands for Hungarian hegemony, he found himself debating the issue with
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The family's involvement in Hungarian conservative politics were being reexamined in the 1890s by a new generation of radicals, who argued that "Mocionism" was a sample of "Magyarophilia". By then, a scandal had erupted over Andrei Mocioni's remains. The church remained a property of the Karlovci
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and Anton Mocioni. It received his collection of historical documents, and appointed him a delegate to Vienna, to thank the emperor for supporting Romanian culture. In 1863, his philanthropy expanded. He donated his only source of income, the revenue of Foeni, to the famine-stricken population of
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in 1843. Ethnologist Elena Rodica Colta dates the Mocionis' definitive self-identification as Romanians to this period, noting that they believed the entire Aromanian ethnos to be a branch of the Romanian community. During his time in Pest, Andrei began frequenting the literary salon organized by
564:, he received "a profoundly Christian Orthodox education, inspired by Macedo-Romanian traditions and culture". Originally, the Mocionis only spoke Aromanian and Hungarian. Nevertheless, the family encouraged intercultural contacts, with Ioan speaking as many as eleven languages. According to the 764:
of Vienna, and which, according to literary historian Aurel Vasiliu, Mocioni may have authored himself. It defined as "absurd" the notion of "Hungarian self-government within Austria", while describing federalization as the best option for all Austrian Romanians, as well as for the "non-Magyar
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in the 1740s. Family documents suggest that he was originally from Moscopole, and that he died at 110 years of age; under his watch, the family established lucrative businesses and began purchasing estates in Hungary and the Banat. His two sons Andrei and Mihai were raised into the nobility by
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For a while, the Romanians of Banat continued to plead with the emperor for Romanian self-rule in the Banat. One such petition, circulated in December 1863, also asked Franz Joseph to surround himself with Romanian advisers, including "Andrea de Mocioni, lord of Foeni", a man distinguished by
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However, Mocioni had not agreed to be listed as a candidate, and immediately renounced his seat. In his address, he explained that "he had nothing in common with the Hungarian diet of Pest, since he had never intended to become a Hungarian." He also had a publicized row with the Temeschwar
989: 1382:, when Anton Jr bought back the Foeni mansion, hoping to turn it into a cultural club. According to historian Vicențiu Bugariu, by 1930 Andrei Mocioni was already forgotten, a victim of "ignorance and indifference". This trend was censured by the Banat politician 517:(born 1816 and 1823, respectively). Other siblings included brothers George and Lucian (the latter of whom died young) and sister Ecaterina. Ioan and Iuliana together had as many as 11 other children. Andrei was simultaneously the uncle and cousin of writer 773:
was "not something Romanians have ever feared, nor will they ever fear it; it may sometimes wander off, as it has these past ten years, and as such impair our nation's culture, development and prosperity for some time: but to denationalize us—that, never!"
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were significant blows for Mocioni's nationalist-loyalist campaign. Mocioni withdrew to Foeni, ailing and out of the public eye for the final decade of his life. He was still a noted philanthropist and sponsor of the Romanian press, but had conflicts with
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In 1859, at Foeni, Mocioni married a Serb coreligionist, Laura, the Countess Csernovich (Čarnojević). A woman of "outstanding beauty", she was also noted for collecting Ancient Roman coins and paintings with Roman subjects by Nicola Popescu. Her father,
505:, they were mostly based in Pest, where they founded the Kefala Library. Andrei the second was a grandson of the original Andrei, born to lawyer Ioan Mocioni de Foen (1780–1854) and his wife Iuliana Panaiot (1787–1858). On his mother's side, Andrei had 1348:
Patriarchy, which in 1900 refused to hand over the body for reburial in the Mocioni mausoleum. It cited texts which condemned the separation in death of husband and wife, but the Romanian press suspected that such resistance was proof of "intolerant"
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In the parallel debate over church affairs, Șaguna, the designated Metropolitan, had Mocioni as one of his "most ardent supporters", one "fighting like a virile lion for the hierarchic separation". Mediating between the Karlovci Patriarch
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of Bukovina, supporting regional autonomy and the reestablishment and a Romanian Metropolis. By origin, all three were in fact Aromanians. Reportedly, both Șaguna and Mocioni objected to Diet selections being non-democratic, agreeing with
696:, also loyalists, and together with them began pressing for a Romanian dukedom to be created out of Romanian territories in Hungary. The commissioner was also involved in such projects, proposing that a Romanian press be set up in 909:
for the reestablished Hungarian Diet. This decision was overturned later that year, when a new ethnic assembly passed a resolution calling for single Romanian candidatures, supported by all voters. Mocioni himself was elected for
342:, trying to obtain increased autonomy for Banat Romanians in exchange for loyalism. The Austrians appointed Mocioni to an executive position over that region, but curbed his expectations by including the Banat as a whole into the 1508: 1409:
With the death of Anton Jr in 1943, the direct Mocioni lineage was extinguished; however, interest in the family was still kept alive by Bocu's nephew, the scholar Ion D. Suciu. In the 1950s, the estates were subject to
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to obtain the secession of Banat as an autonomous, Romanian, province. During his mandate, the administration was staffed with a growing number of Romanians. In tandem, his Mocioni relatives approached the Romanians of
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in August 1892, aged 53, and was buried at his side. In her late years, she had carried on with Mocioni philanthropy work, but only servicing the local Serb community and punishing Romanian ingratitude. According to
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sources give his death place as Foeni, contemporary reports have it that he died in Temeschwar, after having lapsed into a brief coma, and while looked after by his wife Laura. Their marriage had produced no heirs.
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of Bukovina, persuading "right-believing Romanians" not to participate in the election of a Rajačić replacement. Nevertheless, Mocioni was disappointed with Șaguna, who did not back his plan for creating a new
1177:. Mocioni was especially affected by the outcome. In the months following the new arrangement, Mocioni and Babeș participated in the drafting of another protest, also signed by the Diet's Serb, Slovak and " 945:, but their dispute was ultimately patched up by Babeș. The Diet itself was dissolved later that year. Mocioni's solution to these setbacks was the attempted creation of a de facto "political body" and " 793:
as his personal examples in politics. From about 1860, Mocioni had dedicated himself to the national awakening of Romanians, networking between the Austrian subjects in the Banat, Transylvania, and the
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and supported incorporation with Hungary. Mocioni, perceived as the Romanian nationalist candidate, won 621 votes to 94, with only eight Romanians voting against him. The celebratory crowd carried the
811:, Mocioni also theorized that the Banat was an "individuality" distinct from the Serbian and Hungarian regions, and suggested that "never-ending problems" would result from its continued amalgamation. 929:("Long Live M. Andreiu de Mocioni, Elected by Lugoj Circle"). The speaker, a Concilor Ioanovits, suggested that the election would confirm Mocioni as the Banat leader, a Romanian equivalent to 482:. The Mocionis were thus one of some 200 Aromanian families to receive titles, and became integrated with the 12,500 Romanian noble families attested in Hungary by 1800 (from a total 340,000). 1315:, noted that, by then, he and his Serb wife were detested by the local Romanians, who once attacked the manor and shattered its windows. According to a notice in the Arad Orthodox paper 485:
Andrei the elder was killed in mysterious circumstances before he could receive his diploma, but this was granted to his wife. The more senior branch established by them became known as
3404: 1155:. These efforts also failed. By September 1866, Mocioni and Babeș began speaking out in the Diet about the wish of Austrian Romanians to be united with the Principality of Romania. 880:
not to insist on this point. Seen from his regional constituency, Mocioni was also one of two representatives of the Voivodeship, including the Banat. The other was a Serb prelate,
741:, had been an ally of the Hungarian revolutionaries; dispossessed and bankrupt, he moved to Foeni to live with the couple. They also shared the manor with Alexandru and the other 992:, which promoted Romanian identity and culture, created despite continued chicanery from Hungarian officials. He also placed a bid for ASTRA's presidency, but lost to Șaguna. 1218:
as the only explicitly liberal Romanian publication to appear in Austria-Hungary. This goal was stated in its first editorial, co-signed by the Mocionis, which promised that
1181:" deputies. The resolution, which demanded guarantees for the minorities, was supposed to be read by Mocioni. He stepped down to make way for a more popular deputy, the Serb 896:. Mocioni defended his ideas as mainstream, arguing that equality had been promised by Franz Joseph himself. In the end, Mocioni sided with the "centralists", who supported 3269: 3419: 3339: 3284: 756:, became in all places a leader of the Romanians in national and church causes, and this leadership was recognized by his brothers as well." His program was outlined in 3444: 3424: 2643:
Andrei Sabin Faur, "Considerații privind vocabularul politic al românilor din Imperiul Habsburgic: receptarea liberalismului și conservatorismului (1838–1914)", in
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The various Mocioni estates went to brothers Alexandru and Eugen. Some were inherited by Eugen's sons, before passing to Ecaterina Mocioni and her husband, Jenő,
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Tudor-Radu Tiron, "O contribuție heraldică la istoria înaintașilor omului politic Andrei Mocioni de Foen (1812–1880), membru fondator al Academiei Române", in
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The 1866–1867 interval was a great disappointment for all factions within the Romanian caucus: the return of Hungarian nationalism was unopposed following the
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Constantin Mocioni, or "Constantinus Motsonyi", who may have been Mucină's son, settled among the Greek Orthodox (Greek, Romanian, and Aromanian) community of
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Ovidiu Emil Iudean, Alexandru Onojescu, "Politics, Nationalism, and Parliamentarianism: Romanian Representatives in the Budapest Parliament (1861–1918)", in
1210:. He and his brothers published and wrote for the latter sheet, alongside Babeș, while also financing pro-Romanian campaigns in the German-language journal 995:
He was more successful in his campaigning for an Orthodox metropolis, set up in December 1864; from 1865, it incorporated Banatian Romanian churches as the
3449: 1261:, providing credit for Romanian businesses. At the time, Andrei Mocioni also provided funds in hopes of creating a Romanian regional theater, and became 637: 612:, committed to "moderate progress" for the country at large, with "national conservation" for the Romanians. In 1847, he managed to obtain a seat in the 421:
voters and the Romanian peasants on his estates, a matter which contributed to his voluntary isolation. He was survived by his wife Laura, daughter of
3374: 3429: 2363:"Ungari'a. Prim'a adunare generala a Associatiunei natiunale in Aradu, pentru cultur'a si conversarea poporului romanu (Continuare lá Nr. 39)", in 3274: 2957:
Lajos Kakucs, "De la Fântâna Pașei de pe lângă Mănăstirea Dervișilor până la Parcul Rozelor. Contribuții la istoria parcurilor din Timișoara", in
1319:, Mocioni was also driven away from religious affairs after "a mean gossiper libeled him, out of the blue and without a shred of truthfulness". 683:
and the resumption of Austrian control, Mocioni's loyalty was rewarded, and he was appointed supreme commissioner for the Banat, within the new
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counts, while his horses continued to be bred by the Austrians Jakob Haas and Ludwig Deutsch. The property was pillaged by peasants during the
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Later in 1866, echoes of Mocioni's "Captaincy" project were discernible in the radical proposal advanced in the Diet by Babeș, Hodoșiu, and
3454: 1509:"Cum și-au bătut joc de conacul familiei Mocioni de la Foeni. A fost pe rând baie comunală, grădiniță, depozit, sală de sport și discotecă" 889: 877: 605: 362: 1055:, he was a main proponent of the Nationalities Bill, which, if adopted, would have set up autonomous units for the Romanians in Hungary. 1344:, the "new generation" of Romanians, "more enlightened than the earlier one", was expressing shame and regret for having alienated her. 1174: 1163: 673: 413: 334:, where he joined the administrative apparatus, and identified as a Romanian since at least the 1830s. He rose to prominence during the 158: 1058:
By then, the Mocionis' contribution to the national cause was being recognized in the United Principalities, customarily known as the "
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Bugariu, pp. 399–400; Tiron, p. 30. See also Ciorănescu, pp. 89–90; Milin (2010), p. 21; Mureșan & Suciu, p. 107; Otiman, p. 28
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Berényi, pp. 215–220; Nicolae Bocșan, "Liberalism and Nationalism in Alexandru Mocsonyi's Parliamentary Activity (1865–1871)", in
1273:. The family as a whole provided a scholarship fund for disadvantaged children, managed by Babeș. Noted recipients include writer 3289: 902: 2920: 1289:
had an unsolved dispute about the creation of a Foeni post office, which the officials viewed as too costly. Mocioni took the
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Bocșan (2011), pp. 366–368; P. Ionescu, "Observări la rĕspunsul Prea Cuv. Sale Dlui arhimandrit Dr. Ilarion Pușcariu", in
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and "demoralized" by the behavior of Romanian electors in Lugoj and Krassó, who acted as "proselytes of the government".
688: 475: 641: 335: 1309:, but turned down the office, which went to Constantin Rădulescu. A local tradition, recorded in 1905 by the newspaper 790: 569: 3434: 1419: 1372: 953:
in early 1861. It would have established a "Romanian national diet" for Transylvania, the Banat, Bukovina, as well as
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that the delegates could only be said to represent themselves. Their objection was registered, but they were asked by
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Ungarns Pferdezucht in Wort und Bild. Vierter Band: Die ungarische Landespferdezucht; Die Privatgestüte. Zweiter Teil
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Returning to Arad, Mocioni helped establish there a National Culture and Enlightenment Association, presided upon by
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Adrian Dehleanu, "Familia Mocioni. Istoria uneia dintre cele mai vechi familii nobiliare din istoria românilor", in
2028:, pp. 222, 327; Bugariu, p. 399; Deheleanu, pp. 220–221; Lupaș, pp. 187–189; Morar, p. 12; Otiman, p. 28; Păcățian, 1418:, which turned the Foeni complex into a public bathhouse, and then into a storage room for chemicals. Following the 1371:
which marked the collapse of Austria-Hungary in 1918. According to one Romanian account, this incident provided the
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ignited a conflict between Alexandru's "Mocionist party" and the pro-government Deák Party, represented locally by
1079: 860: 749: 604:, Andrei Mocioni sat with the "conservative-progressive" side of the Romanian caucus, taking his distance from the 479: 350: 69: 590: 3324: 1147:: it recognized subjection to the Hungarian crown and government, but sought to redefine Hungary on the basis of 645: 3128:"Colaborarea româno–sârbă în chestiunea națională din monarhia dualistă", in Vasile Ciobanu, Sorin Radu (eds.), 3077: 2461:, Vol. XXII, Issue 4, Winter 2013, pp. 17–24; Ciorănescu, p. 92; Deheleanu, pp. 222–223; Milin (2010), pp. 21–28 1031: 705: 382: 709: 357:
within a nominal Hungarian realm and full centralism in Austria's custody, while failing in his bid to promote
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Mocionis, who were similarly disappointed with Hungarian politics, and who progressively withdrew from Pest.
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The attempt by Austria to ensure a new administrative formula in the 1860s saw Mocioni's co-option into the
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Stefan Malfèr, "Les représentations de Garibaldi en Autriche", in Jean-Yves Frétigné, Paul Pasteur (eds.),
3094:, "Andreiu Șaguna and the Restoration of the Rumanian Orthodox Metropolis in Transylvania, 1846–1868", in 2741: 1387: 1360: 835:), also marking the traditional borders of Banat. Serbs in red, Romanians in yellow, Hungarians in green. 657: 3036: 1399: 1144: 1019: 930: 738: 609: 422: 217: 3160:
Sever Bocu: 1874–1951 (Mvsevm Banaticvm Temesiense: Bibliotheca Historica et Archaeologica Banatica, XX)
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Silviu Mureșan, Ion D. Suciu, "Preocupări istoriografice la Ioan Dimitrie Suciu: 'Macedo-Românii'", in
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a singular "moral body", "called upon as a nation to partake in Austria's constitutional life." In his
669: 518: 426: 394: 222: 2912: 2837: 2365: 1331: 1005: 760:("The Cause of Languages and Nationalities in Austria"), which was anonymously printed in 1860 by the 514: 386: 212: 3299: 3264: 3259: 3048: 1805:
Bugariu, p. 399; Ciorănescu, p. 218; Deheleanu, p. 220; Mureșan & Suciu, p. 107; Tiron, pp. 29–30
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Nicolae Bocșan, "The Banatian Revolution from the Autumn of 1918 in the Collective Memory [
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Képviselők és főrendek a dualizmus kori Magyarországon. 2. Az országgyűlés tagjainak archontológiája
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In 1869, Andrei Mocioni withdrew from all activism and returned to Foeni. That year, an analysis in
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reacted by confiscating Mocioni's property and forcing him into exile. By September 1849, he was in
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Ciorănescu, p. 44; Milin (2011), p. 398. See also Berényi, pp. 200–201; Mureșan & Suciu, p. 107
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Society. On April 22, 1866, the Romanian Regency appointed Andrei Mocioni a founding member of the
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campaign for the national schism. He outlined his political manifesto for autonomy in articles for
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that village, and even ran into debt in his effort to provide for them. He was also interested in
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Nicolae Bocșan, "Andrei Șaguna și intelectualii bănățeni", in Dumitru Țeicu, Rudolf Gräf (eds.),
2816: 1887: 1071: 1000: 893: 770: 665: 608:. Thanks in part to his contribution, Torontál remained a safe seat for the conservative club of 565: 560:
Andrei the younger was a native of Pest, but grew up mostly in Foeni where, according to scholar
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Mitropolitul Andreiu baron de Șaguna – Scriere comemorativă la serbarea centenară a nașterii lui
1383: 672:. Petru Mocioni was also active there as a "man of trust" of the Banatian Romanians, presenting 581: 1193:, continued to back the campaign, proposing to divide Hungary into six ethnic-based provinces. 1047:
during his tenure; the other brothers were independent Romanian deputies. Alexandru also won a
769:, claiming that Hungarian rule had always treated Romanians as "herds of cattle". By contrast, 533: 3294: 3239: 3163: 3133: 3116: 3066: 3052: 3014: 2987: 2924: 2841: 2483: 2442: 2395: 2091: 1594: 1415: 1364: 1363:, who was Alexandru's adoptive son. The core manor at Foeni was nevertheless inherited by the 1148: 1075: 1039:, and one of his steeds became the ancestor of an equine string that populated much of Foeni. 873: 848: 844: 795: 459: 455: 354: 339: 644:. Like many Romanians, Mocioni supported the former's liberal reforms, and remained loyal to 3061:
Elena Rodica Colta, "Preocupările bibliofile ale familiei Mocioni", in Maria Berényi (ed.),
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had managed to obtain Franz Joseph's sympathy on this issue. He wrote about this victory in
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Teodor V. Păcățian, "Activitatea românilor în senatul imperial austriac din anul 1860", in
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Simpozion. Comunicările celui de al XVII-lea Simpozion al Cercetătorilor Români din Ungaria
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Sorin Liviu Damean, "Români și maghiari în contextul războiului austro–prusian (1866)", in
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Bocșan (2011), pp. 366–367; Tiron, pp. 30–31. See also Bugariu, p. 400; Hitchins, pp. 17–20
594: 478:: the former in February 1783, the latter in June 1798, after distinguished service in the 3189:, "Andrei Mocioni și Vicențiu Babeș — membri fondatori ai Academiei Române din Banat", in 1549: 1379: 1170: 1112: 1090:. With his parallel career as a lawyer, Babeș also helped the Mocionis win back 5 million 922: 836: 613: 472: 409: 370: 291: 271: 177: 172: 162: 138: 88: 36: 3224:
Aurel Vasiliu, "Bucovina în viața și opera lui M. Eminescu", in Constantin Loghin (ed.),
1278: 576:. He then worked in the local administration of Banat. In 1836, he was the second-ranked 3011:
Personalități marcante în istoria și cultura românilor din Ungaria (Secolul XIX). Studii
2320:, pp. 327–328; Hitchins, pp. 16–17; Lupaș, pp. 271–272, 278; Mureșan & Suciu, p. 108 1082:, who wanted a Hungarian–Romanian alliance against Austria; but also found backing from 3208:
Les Roumains des états autrichiens. L'Independence constitutionnelle de la Transilvanie
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Cosma, pp. 263–268; Deheleanu, pp. 221–222; Munteanu, p. 64; Neș, p. 298; Otiman, p. 28
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as a political weapon. He had noted political rivalries with Romanians who sided with
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Marcel Morar, "Disputa ideologică asupra statutului Transilvaniei 1860–1864 (I)", in
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Berényi, pp. 210, 220–221, 237; Bugariu, p. 400; Deheleanu, p. 221; Neș, pp. 301–302
346:. This disappointment pushed Mocioni to renounce politics during much of the 1850s. 1378:
Most other assets were kept by the surviving family following the establishment of
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Mária Mayer, "A ruszinok (kárpátukránok) és az 1865. évi képviselőválasztás", in
1464:
Berényi, pp. 22–23, 112, 213–214; Deheleanu, pp. 216–217; Tiron, pp. 28–29, 31–32
1352:. A separation was eventually made, and Andrei was reburied in the new location. 1513: 1222:
would strive to be "as free and as liberal as is permitted by law and loyalty."
1152: 1018:. During this clash, he withdrew his financial support for the church historian 1473:
Berényi, pp. 214–215; Colta, pp. 66–67, 83; Deheleanu, p. 217; Tiron, pp. 31–35
716:
earlier posting, he went on to serve as president of the Central Commission in
616:, for his brother Petru, canvassing votes from conservative Hungarians, Serbs, 2578: 1305:
selected a representative for the "national church congress" by the voters of
1290: 1241:
to intimidate the opposition. By then, the various factions seeking to form a
1178: 1130: 984:, as well as in reports addressed to Franz Joseph. That year, with Șaguna and 954: 946: 782: 547: 502: 463: 443: 307: 2645:
Buletinul Cercurilor Științifice Studențești. Arheologie, Istorie, Muzeologie
2917:
Antologia literaturii dialectale bănățene (poezie, proză, teatru); 1891–2011
2260:
Bocșan (2011), pp. 366–367; Hitchins, pp. 14–16; Mureșan & Suciu, p. 108
1262: 765:
brotherly peoples". The manifesto also spoke at length about the dangers of
506: 451: 311: 299: 3065:, pp. 65–84. Gyula: Research Institute of the Romanians of Hungary, 2008. 3025:
Itinerarii istoriografice. Studii în onoarea istoricului Constantin Feneșan
2090:, p. 114. Rouen: Publications des universités de Rouen et du Havre, 2011. 981: 501:
Mocionis, who did not hold a titular estate—although they built a manor at
462:. He and one of his brothers were killed in action somewhere in the Banat. 3243: 3120: 2991: 2974:"Alegerea D. Andreiu de Mocioni de ablegatu in Lugosiu, cá documentu", in 2399: 509:
roots. He had an elder brother, Petru, born in 1808, and two junior ones:
1598: 1306: 1294: 938: 752:
notes that Mocioni, "everywhere encouraged and supported by the Romanian
1552:, "Românii din Macedonia. Rolul Românilor Macedoneni în Ardeal. IV", in 1293:
examination and, at his own expense, erected a building which, with its
1206:
for Babeș's ethnological work, and for the Viennese Romanian newspaper,
1094:
from their Hungarian debtors, and was thereafter their trusted adviser.
2144:"Alegerea", pp. 179–180. See also Berényi, pp. 102–103; Wlad, pp. 39–42 1298: 701: 1237:, the latter tried to win over Romanian voters using bribes, and used 949:" for all Romanians of the Empire. A concrete project was advanced by 1048: 661: 585: 577: 402: 2175:, Vol. XXII, Issue 4, Winter 2013, p. 6; Papio Ilariano, pp. 4–5, 68 2410:"Plansórea Romaniloru Banatiani (incheiere din Nrulu trecutu)", in 2394:, pp. 22–23. Stuttgart: Verlag von Schickhardt & Ebner, 1895. 1062:". From January 1865, he was an honorary member of the nationalist 3130:
Partide politice și minorități naționale din România în secolul XX
1636:
Berényi, p. 137; Colta, pp. 71–74; Deheleanu, p. 218; Tiron, p. 32
1258: 1238: 970: 914: 700:, located on the Banat's traditional border with Transylvania and 494: 331: 327: 50: 1690:
Berényi, p. 87; Bugariu, p. 399; Deheleanu, p. 219; Otiman, p. 28
969:
and his Romanian clergy, he proposed to convene a representative
3075:
Aurel Cosma Jr., "Istoria presei romîne din Banat" (part 2), in
3013:. Gyula: Research Institute of the Romanians of Hungary, 2013. 2563: 2561: 2482:, p. 269. Bucharest: Grai și Suflet – Cultura Națională, 1995. 734: 3228:, pp. 201–482. Cernăuți: Editura Mitropolitul Silvestru, 1943. 2867: 1780: 1778: 1257:, the Mocioni brothers established in 1871 the Albina Bank of 2576:"Manifestatiune colective in cestiunea de nationalitate", in 656:, who enlisted the loyalties of various other Banatians. The 1862:
Bugariu, p. 399; Deheleanu, pp. 219, 220, 221; Tiron, p. 30
892:, who accused him of fostering the rebellious doctrines of 712:. The cause had first been embraced by Petru in the 1840s. 597:, meeting with exponents of Aromanian and Romanian causes. 442:
The Mocionis were probably descended from Petru Mucină, an
373:, Mocioni also turned to cooperation with the Romanians of 1455:
Berényi, pp. 213–214; Colta, p. 66; Deheleanu, pp. 216–217
652:. This pitted him against the pro-Hungarian revolutionary 2088:
Changer d'époque, n° 23. Garibaldi: modèle, contre-modèle
1437:
Colta, p. 66; Deheleanu, p. 216. See also Bugariu, p. 399
927:
Sa traiésca D. Andreiu de Mocioni, alesu cercului Lugosiu
704:. By 1850, Mocioni was also campaigning to reestablish a 664:, where he acted as a Romanian representative, alongside 385:
for Romanian Orthodox Christians. Alongside his brothers
233:
Landowner, jurist, civil servant, journalist, businessman
2515:; Tiron, p. 31. See also Bugariu, p. 400; Lupaș, p. 271 1051:
seat in that legislature. Known as the theoretician of
2986:. Sibiu: Editura Consistoriului Mitropolitan, 1909. 1792: 1790: 497:. This was by contrast with Mihai's descendants, the 3238:. Lugoj: Tipariulu lui Traunfellner-Vengely, 1865. 2441:, pp. 97, 218, 334, 337. Eger: Líceum Kiadó, 2020. 1750: 1748: 1746: 1301:, was recognized as "the most elegant post office". 3115:. Sibiu: Tiparul Tipografiei Arhidiecezane, 1911. 2115: 2113: 676:with a set of political proposals on their behalf. 229: 203: 195: 184: 168: 144: 124: 119: 105: 86: 67: 48: 21: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2107:Lupaș, p. 189; Morar, p. 12; Păcățian, pp. 277–279 1736: 1734: 1732: 3034:Vicențiu Bugariu, "Andrei Mocsonyi de Foeni", in 3003:, Vol. I, Issue 2, July–August 1929, pp. 173–182. 2739:"Diverse. Biroulu postalu celu mai elegantu", in 3221:, Vol. 1, Issue 1, January–June 2016, pp. 27–51. 3142:"Sârbii la 1848–1849 în Banat și Vojvodina", in 3132:, Vol. V, pp. 20–30. Sibiu: TechnoMedia, 2010. 3103:Românii arădani în frământările anilor 1849–1850 2553:Analele Universității din Craiova, Seria Istorie 2470:D. Murărașu, "Comentarii eminesciene 1866–1874. 1763:Bugariu, p. 399; Deheleanu, p. 220; Tiron, p. 29 1699:Bugariu, p. 399; Deheleanu, p. 219; Tiron, p. 28 326:. He was brought up at his family estate in the 3113:Mitropolitul Andrei Șaguna. Monografie istorică 2424: 2422: 2269:Otiman, p. 28; Mureșan & Suciu, pp. 107–108 1813: 1811: 758:Caus'a limbelor și națiunalităților in Austri'a 525:between Ecaterina and her uncle Mihai Mocioni. 298:jurist, politician, and informal leader of the 290:; June 27, 1812 – April 23/May 5, 1880) was an 3405:Ethnic Romanian politicians in Austria-Hungary 3193:, Issue 10, Vol. XXV, October 2015, pp. 27–31. 2542:Milin (2010), p. 23. See also Neș, pp. 113–114 2332:, p. 328; Bocșan (2011), p. 366; Lupaș, p. 272 2239:, p. 229; Hitchins, p. 13; Lupaș, pp. 193, 258 302:community, one of the founding members of the 3191:Academica. Revistă Editată de Academia Română 2884:Munteanu, pp. 8, 20, 47, 51–52, 58, 64–65, 91 1545: 1543: 1541: 859:On May 31, 1860, Mocioni was co-opted by the 685:Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar 8: 3200:, Vol. 59, Issue 4, April 1928, pp. 267–280. 1881: 1879: 1877: 706:Transylvanian (Romanian) Orthodox Metropolis 16:Austrian and Hungarian jurist and politician 2797: 2795: 2793: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2735: 2733: 1672:Otiman, pp. 28–29. See also Bugariu, p. 399 1173:, attaching most Romanian-inhabited to the 781:, who aspired to creating a caucus for the 2939:Mureșan & Suciu, pp. 89–90, 92–94, 106 2700:Berényi, pp. 56, 162. See also Neș, p. 228 2386: 2384: 1500: 1498: 1496: 1494: 1492: 1490: 1488: 917:. His rival was Murgu, who sided with the 539:Mocioni de Foen coat of arms, granted 1783 18: 3270:Members of the Imperial Council (Austria) 3031:, Center for Transylvanian Studies, 2011. 2223:"Epistolele parochului betranu, XIV", in 1185:. Brother Anton Mocioni, alongside Serbs 1022:, who had to print his works with ASTRA. 798:, and those residing in the newly formed 636:The same period saw him dragged into the 3420:Eastern Orthodox Christians from Hungary 3340:Hungarian book and manuscript collectors 3285:Founding members of the Romanian Academy 3088:, Vol. XIV, Issue 14, 2015, pp. 216–225. 2875:, Vol. XXIV, Issue 4, Winter 2015, p. 29 2622:Berényi, pp. 202–204; Cosma, pp. 264–266 2437:Dániel Ballabás, József Pap, Judit Pál, 2219: 2217: 1853:Tiron, p. 30. See also Deheleanu, p. 220 1609:Deheleanu, p. 219; Tiron, pp. 30, 31, 32 1390:poetry of the interwar. Samples include 1330: 1214:. Historian Andrei Sabin Faur describes 999:. Already in 1862, Mocioni, Șaguna, and 818: 728:represented the Mocionis as plaintiffs. 3425:Members of the Romanian Orthodox Church 2977:Foaia pentru Minte, Anima si Literatura 2911:Ioan Viorel Boldureanu, Simion Dănilă, 2413:Foaia pentru Minte, Anima si Literatura 1726:Bugariu, p. 399; Deheleanu, pp. 219–220 1574: 1572: 1570: 1568: 1566: 1564: 1562: 1430: 1335:Mocioni crypt in Foeni, 2015 photograph 3176:, Vol. III, Issue 6, 2015, pp. 88–108. 3155:, Vol. XIII, Issue 2, 2000, pp. 11–23. 3045:Europa unită. De la idee la întemeiere 2754:"Varietati. In cerculu Fagetului", in 2555:, Vol. XVI, Issue 1, 2011, pp. 280–281 1359:; others went to the Bukovinian baron 1136:Mocioni's Foeni manor, 2021 photograph 553:Lithograph of Andrei Mocioni, ca. 1840 3395:Hungarian people of Aromanian descent 3183:. Oradea: Tipografia Diecezană, 1937. 3144:Analele Banatului. Arheologie–Istorie 2959:Analele Banatului. Arheologie–Istorie 1980:, Vol. 108, Issues 5–6, 1974, p. 1148 1900:Deheleanu, pp. 219, 220; Tiron, p. 30 1517:(Timișoara edition), October 21, 2015 493:, in reference to its core estate of 7: 3410:Austrian people of Aromanian descent 3400:Hungarian people of Albanian descent 3390:Hungarian people of Romanian descent 3315:19th-century Austrian businesspeople 3219:Revista Bibliotecii Academiei Române 3162:. Timișoara: Editura Mirton, 1999. 1375:with an excuse to murder Romanians. 632:1848 revolution and Banat leadership 425:, and by his nephew, the politician 412:and the Banat's absorption into the 82:May 31 – September 29, 1860 3415:Austrian people of Albanian descent 3320:Businesspeople from Austria-Hungary 3210:. Bucharest: Imprimerie de Journal 1581:, "Macedo-Românii din Ungaria", in 1175:Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen 815:Imperial Diet and church separation 446:(or "Macedo-Romanian") priest from 414:Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen 2378:Bugariu, p. 400; Deheleanu, p. 221 1627:Berényi, p. 184; Deheleanu, p. 219 1398:("And Yet the Banat Is Tops") and 600:While participating in Torontál's 14: 3450:People of the Revolutions of 1848 1717:Berényi, pp. 26–27, 118, 145, 189 101:December 14, 1865 – 1869 3375:Journalists from Austria-Hungary 1129: 1101: 720:; he was also a counsel for the 546: 532: 29: 3445:Eötvös Loránd University alumni 3430:Members of the Church of Greece 3081:, Issues 7–8/1932, pp. 263–273. 2077:Păcățian, pp. 270, 274, 278–279 1844:Deheleanu, p. 220; Tiron, p. 30 1265:of Andrei, the child of actors 369:. Serving one full term in the 3275:Members of the Diet of Hungary 3146:, Vol. XIX, 2011, pp. 377–400. 454:, who declared loyalty to the 381:to reestablish an independent 1: 3305:19th-century Austrian jurists 3040:, Issue 20/1931, pp. 399–400. 2980:, Issue 23/1861, pp. 179–181. 2921:Editura Universității de Vest 2591:Neș, pp. 15, 114–116, 132–133 2567:Bugariu, p. 400; Tiron, p. 31 1927:"Pesta in 12 Noemvre n.", in 689:Prince Felix of Schwarzenberg 322:, which had been elevated to 68:Extraordinary counsel in the 49:Supreme commissioner for the 3350:19th-century philanthropists 3027:, pp. 355–376. Cluj-Napoca: 2772:"Concertul de la Foenĭ", in 2678:"Lugosiu, 4 fauru 1872", in 2600:"Varietati. Indreptare", in 2582:, December 22, 1867, p. 1096 2472:La mormântul lui Aron Pumnul 2227:, Issue 51/1887, pp. 412–413 2098:. See also Ciorănescu, p. 89 1285:. The former deputy and the 591:Atanasiu Grabovski de Apadia 338:: he was a supporter of the 336:Hungarian Revolution of 1848 3455:People of Serbian Vojvodina 3181:Oameni din Bihor: 1848–1918 2801:"Noutăți. Intoleranță", in 1784:Mureșan & Suciu, p. 107 1420:Romanian Revolution of 1989 1373:Hungarian Royal Gendarmerie 1115:, July 1870 cartoon in the 898:proportional representation 722:Austrian Court of Cassation 708:, fully separated from the 397:, he founded the newspaper 3471: 3098:, Vol. VI, 1965, pp. 1–20. 2961:, Vol. XXIII, 2015, p. 356 2893:Mureșan & Suciu, p. 90 2836:, pp. 152–153. Bucharest: 2830:Alexandru Candiano-Popescu 2354:Bocșan (2011), pp. 367–368 2059:Păcățian, pp. 268–269, 270 1591:Socecŭ, Sander & Teclu 1579:Atanasie Marian Marienescu 1080:Giovenale Vegezzi Ruscalla 925:inscribed with the slogan 789:, referred to Mocioni and 750:Atanasie Marian Marienescu 480:War of the First Coalition 3385:Politicians from Budapest 3380:People from Pest, Hungary 3360:Hungarian philanthropists 2919:, pp. 61, 71. Timișoara: 2814:"Ce e nou? Necrolog", in 2498:Bugariu, p. 400; Otiman, 1940:Milin (2011), pp. 382–383 237: 115: 94: 75: 56: 44: 28: 3365:19th-century journalists 3355:Austrian philanthropists 3153:Acta Mvsei Porolissensis 3105:. Arad: Diecezana, 1947. 2660:, Issue 36/1869, pp. 2–3 1396:Că tăt Bănatu-i fruncea! 986:Alexandru Sterca-Șuluțiu 809:Memorandum to the Throne 710:Patriarchate of Karlovci 584:, being appointed first 574:Royal University of Pest 448:Aspropotamos in Thessaly 383:Transylvanian Metropolis 314:background, raised as a 3290:Austrian civil servants 2999:, "Scrisori vechi", in 2820:, Issue 32/1892, p. 382 2647:, Vol. 24, 2018, p. 221 2416:, Issue 29/1863, p. 207 2369:, Issue 40/1863, p. 164 2251:, p. 229; Lupaș, p. 193 1891:, Issue 33/1880, p. 211 1243:Romanian National Party 1227:elections of March 1869 1060:Principality of Romania 1016:bishopric at Temeschwar 829:Banat Military Frontier 804:Count Mensdorff-Pouilly 802:. In November 1860, as 648:, opposing the rise of 276:Andreas Mocioni de Foen 3280:Deák Party politicians 2805:, Issue 110/1900, p. 3 2290:, Issue 9/1938, p. 109 1336: 988:, Mocioni established 856: 718:Temeschwar (Timișoara) 606:revolutionary liberals 570:Mihailo Polit-Desančić 438:Origins and early life 287: 275: 244:Andrei Mocioni de Foen 23:Andrei Mocioni de Foen 3440:Romanian nationalists 3345:Patrons of literature 2834:Amintiri din viața-mi 2778:, Issue 37/1905, p. 2 2758:, Issue 82/1875, p. 3 2745:, Issue 54/1880, p. 3 2742:Gazet'a Transilvaniei 2604:, Issue 10/1869, p. 2 2345:, Issue 28/1901, p. 5 2050:Păcățian, pp. 269–270 1931:, Issue 87/1866, p. 3 1556:, Issue 30/1923, p. 1 1334: 1297:furniture and silver 997:Diocese of Caransebeș 911:Krassó (Caraș) County 822: 800:United Principalities 650:Hungarian nationalism 642:Hungarian Revolutions 602:congregatio generalis 503:Birchiș (Marosberkes) 344:Voivodeship of Serbia 318:, he belonged to the 288:fényi Mocsonyi András 3370:Activist journalists 3226:Eminescu și Bucovina 2948:Colta, pp. 66–67, 78 2873:Transylvanian Review 2682:, Issue 9/1872, p. 2 2524:Babeșiu, pp. 174–176 2459:Transylvanian Review 2193:Babeșiu, pp. 173–174 2184:Papio Ilariano, p. 4 2173:Transylvanian Review 1967:Vasiliu, pp. 384–385 1958:Vasiliu, pp. 383–386 1918:Babeșiu, pp. 179–180 1909:Milin (2011), p. 382 1663:Milin (2011), p. 383 1589:, p. 72. Bucharest: 1587:Albumul Macedo-Român 1482:Tiron, pp. 29, 31–32 1388:dialectical Banatian 1369:revolutionary events 1361:Ioan Mocsony-Stârcea 1009:of Transylvania and 977:Gazeta Transilvaniei 941:, the pro-Hungarian 867:of Transylvania and 681:surrender at Világos 523:consanguine marriage 363:Hungarian radicalism 280:Andreas von Mocsonyi 3236:Cuventârile dîetali 3043:George Ciorănescu, 3037:Societatea de Mâine 2502:; Tiron, pp. 28, 31 2480:Opere I. Poezii (I) 2007:Milin (2010), p. 21 1400:Cassian R. Munteanu 1283:Coriolan Brediceanu 1160:Austro-Prussian War 1145:Sigismund Popoviciu 1053:national liberalism 1032:Prokopije Ivačković 1020:Nicolae Tincu-Velea 825:Serbian Voivodeship 3435:Hungarian nobility 2533:Cosma, pp. 267–268 2225:Biseric'a si Scóla 2153:"Alegerea", p. 180 1796:Ciorănescu, p. 218 1337: 1317:Biseric'a si Scóla 1072:Abdolonyme Ubicini 1001:Eudoxiu Hurmuzachi 894:Giuseppe Garibaldi 869:Nicolae de Petrino 857: 823:Ethnic map of the 771:German nationalism 458:and served in the 324:Hungarian nobility 135:Kingdom of Hungary 3330:Hungarian bankers 3310:Hungarian jurists 3204:A. Papio Ilariano 3138:978-606-8030-84-5 3071:978-963-86530-5-5 3019:978-615-5369-02-5 2929:978-973-125-339-8 2803:Tribuna Poporului 2447:978-963-496-144-4 2096:978-2-87775-508-5 2041:Deheleanu, p. 221 1998:Ciorănescu, p. 90 1754:Deheleanu, p. 220 1618:Deheleanu, p. 219 1554:Cultura Poporului 1535:Tiron, pp. 28, 32 1446:Deheleanu, p. 216 1275:Gruia Liuba Murgu 1233:. As reported by 1187:Stevan Branovački 1183:Milán Manojlovics 1149:ethnic federalism 1109:Alexandru Mocioni 923:Romanian tricolor 882:Samuilo Maširević 796:Duchy of Bukovina 777:In October 1861, 519:Alexandru Mocioni 460:Great Turkish War 456:Habsburg monarchy 427:Alexandru Mocioni 393:, and his lawyer 355:ethnic federalism 340:House of Lorraine 254:, last name also 248:Andrea de Mocioni 241: 240: 223:Alexandru Mocioni 3462: 3325:Austrian bankers 3101:Gheorghe Lițiu, 3078:Viața Romînească 3029:Romanian Academy 2962: 2955: 2949: 2946: 2940: 2937: 2931: 2913:Cornel Ungureanu 2909: 2903: 2900: 2894: 2891: 2885: 2882: 2876: 2863: 2857: 2856:Colta, pp. 77–83 2854: 2848: 2838:Editura Eminescu 2827: 2821: 2812: 2806: 2799: 2788: 2785: 2779: 2770: 2759: 2752: 2746: 2737: 2728: 2725: 2719: 2716: 2710: 2707: 2701: 2698: 2692: 2689: 2683: 2676: 2670: 2669:Neș, pp. 132–133 2667: 2661: 2654: 2648: 2641: 2635: 2629: 2623: 2620: 2614: 2611: 2605: 2598: 2592: 2589: 2583: 2574: 2568: 2565: 2556: 2549: 2543: 2540: 2534: 2531: 2525: 2522: 2516: 2509: 2503: 2496: 2490: 2468: 2462: 2455: 2449: 2435: 2429: 2426: 2417: 2408: 2402: 2388: 2379: 2376: 2370: 2366:Telegraful Român 2361: 2355: 2352: 2346: 2339: 2333: 2327: 2321: 2315: 2309: 2306: 2300: 2297: 2291: 2276: 2270: 2267: 2261: 2258: 2252: 2246: 2240: 2234: 2228: 2221: 2212: 2209: 2203: 2202:Morar, pp. 14–15 2200: 2194: 2191: 2185: 2182: 2176: 2169: 2163: 2160: 2154: 2151: 2145: 2142: 2136: 2133: 2120: 2119:Păcățian, p. 275 2117: 2108: 2105: 2099: 2084: 2078: 2075: 2069: 2068:Păcățian, p. 278 2066: 2060: 2057: 2051: 2048: 2042: 2039: 2033: 2023: 2017: 2016:Păcățian, p. 269 2014: 2008: 2005: 1999: 1996: 1990: 1987: 1981: 1974: 1968: 1965: 1959: 1956: 1950: 1949:Colta, pp. 74–75 1947: 1941: 1938: 1932: 1925: 1919: 1916: 1910: 1907: 1901: 1898: 1892: 1885:"Ce e nou?", in 1883: 1872: 1869: 1863: 1860: 1854: 1851: 1845: 1842: 1836: 1835:Lițiu, pp. 37–38 1833: 1827: 1824: 1818: 1815: 1806: 1803: 1797: 1794: 1785: 1782: 1773: 1770: 1764: 1761: 1755: 1752: 1741: 1738: 1727: 1724: 1718: 1715: 1709: 1706: 1700: 1697: 1691: 1688: 1682: 1679: 1673: 1670: 1664: 1661: 1655: 1652: 1646: 1643: 1637: 1634: 1628: 1625: 1619: 1616: 1610: 1607: 1601: 1576: 1557: 1547: 1536: 1533: 1527: 1526:Colta, pp. 66–70 1524: 1518: 1506: 1502: 1483: 1480: 1474: 1471: 1465: 1462: 1456: 1453: 1447: 1444: 1438: 1435: 1416:communist regime 1406:("Our Braves"). 1350:Serb nationalism 1197:Final withdrawal 1191:Svetozar Miletić 1133: 1111:speaking in the 1105: 1088:Resolution Party 1068:Romanian Academy 1006:Telegraful Român 903:Austrian Galicia 853:Banat Bulgarians 779:Adolf Dobriansky 739:Petar Čarnojević 610:István Széchenyi 550: 536: 423:Petar Čarnojević 408:The creation of 365:, in particular 359:election boycott 304:Romanian Academy 218:Petar Čarnojević 213:Gheorghe Mocioni 199:Laura Csernovich 178:Austro-Hungarian 151: 120:Personal details 99: 80: 61: 33: 19: 3470: 3469: 3465: 3464: 3463: 3461: 3460: 3459: 3250: 3249: 3248: 3174:Astra Salvensis 3158:Ioan Munteanu, 3125:Miodrag Milin, 3049:Editura Paideia 2970: 2965: 2956: 2952: 2947: 2943: 2938: 2934: 2910: 2906: 2902:Munteanu, p. 48 2901: 2897: 2892: 2888: 2883: 2879: 2864: 2860: 2855: 2851: 2828: 2824: 2813: 2809: 2800: 2791: 2786: 2782: 2771: 2762: 2753: 2749: 2738: 2731: 2727:Berényi, p. 220 2726: 2722: 2717: 2713: 2708: 2704: 2699: 2695: 2690: 2686: 2677: 2673: 2668: 2664: 2655: 2651: 2642: 2638: 2632:Mitropolitul... 2630: 2626: 2621: 2617: 2612: 2608: 2599: 2595: 2590: 2586: 2575: 2571: 2566: 2559: 2550: 2546: 2541: 2537: 2532: 2528: 2523: 2519: 2510: 2506: 2497: 2493: 2469: 2465: 2456: 2452: 2436: 2432: 2427: 2420: 2409: 2405: 2390:C. G. Wrangel, 2389: 2382: 2377: 2373: 2362: 2358: 2353: 2349: 2343:Foaia Diecesană 2340: 2336: 2330:Mitropolitul... 2328: 2324: 2318:Mitropolitul... 2316: 2312: 2307: 2303: 2298: 2294: 2277: 2273: 2268: 2264: 2259: 2255: 2249:Mitropolitul... 2247: 2243: 2237:Mitropolitul... 2235: 2231: 2222: 2215: 2211:Hitchins, p. 13 2210: 2206: 2201: 2197: 2192: 2188: 2183: 2179: 2170: 2166: 2161: 2157: 2152: 2148: 2143: 2139: 2135:Bugariu, p. 400 2134: 2123: 2118: 2111: 2106: 2102: 2085: 2081: 2076: 2072: 2067: 2063: 2058: 2054: 2049: 2045: 2040: 2036: 2026:Mitropolitul... 2024: 2020: 2015: 2011: 2006: 2002: 1997: 1993: 1988: 1984: 1975: 1971: 1966: 1962: 1957: 1953: 1948: 1944: 1939: 1935: 1926: 1922: 1917: 1913: 1908: 1904: 1899: 1895: 1884: 1875: 1870: 1866: 1861: 1857: 1852: 1848: 1843: 1839: 1834: 1830: 1825: 1821: 1816: 1809: 1804: 1800: 1795: 1788: 1783: 1776: 1771: 1767: 1762: 1758: 1753: 1744: 1740:Bugariu, p. 399 1739: 1730: 1725: 1721: 1716: 1712: 1707: 1703: 1698: 1694: 1689: 1685: 1680: 1676: 1671: 1667: 1662: 1658: 1654:Berényi, p. 214 1653: 1649: 1644: 1640: 1635: 1631: 1626: 1622: 1617: 1613: 1608: 1604: 1577: 1560: 1550:Theodor Capidan 1548: 1539: 1534: 1530: 1525: 1521: 1504: 1503: 1486: 1481: 1477: 1472: 1468: 1463: 1459: 1454: 1450: 1445: 1441: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1412:nationalization 1380:Greater Romania 1329: 1271:Matilda Pascaly 1199: 1171:Austria-Hungary 1141: 1140: 1139: 1138: 1137: 1134: 1125: 1124: 1123: 1113:Diet of Hungary 1106: 1028: 878:Archduke Rainer 817: 670:Vincențiu Babeș 658:Hungarian State 634: 614:Diet of Hungary 582:Torontál County 558: 557: 556: 555: 554: 551: 542: 541: 540: 537: 487:Mocioni de Foen 440: 435: 410:Austria-Hungary 395:Vincențiu Babeș 371:Diet of Hungary 300:ethnic Romanian 252:Andreiu Mocionĭ 221: 220:(father-in-law) 216: 211: 185:Political party 176: 163:Austria-Hungary 153: 149: 139:Austrian Empire 129: 100: 95: 89:Diet of Hungary 81: 76: 62: 57: 40: 37:Diet of Hungary 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3468: 3466: 3458: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3337: 3335:Horse breeders 3332: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3252: 3251: 3247: 3246: 3229: 3222: 3215: 3201: 3194: 3184: 3177: 3170: 3156: 3149: 3148: 3147: 3140: 3123: 3106: 3099: 3096:Balkan Studies 3092:Keith Hitchins 3089: 3082: 3073: 3059: 3041: 3032: 3021: 3004: 2994: 2981: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2963: 2950: 2941: 2932: 2904: 2895: 2886: 2877: 2858: 2849: 2822: 2807: 2789: 2780: 2760: 2747: 2729: 2720: 2711: 2702: 2693: 2684: 2671: 2662: 2649: 2636: 2624: 2615: 2606: 2593: 2584: 2569: 2557: 2544: 2535: 2526: 2517: 2504: 2491: 2476:Mihai Eminescu 2463: 2450: 2430: 2418: 2403: 2380: 2371: 2356: 2347: 2334: 2322: 2310: 2301: 2292: 2286:la Abrud", in 2271: 2262: 2253: 2241: 2229: 2213: 2204: 2195: 2186: 2177: 2164: 2155: 2146: 2137: 2121: 2109: 2100: 2079: 2070: 2061: 2052: 2043: 2034: 2032:; Tiron, p. 30 2018: 2009: 2000: 1991: 1982: 1969: 1960: 1951: 1942: 1933: 1920: 1911: 1902: 1893: 1873: 1864: 1855: 1846: 1837: 1828: 1819: 1807: 1798: 1786: 1774: 1765: 1756: 1742: 1728: 1719: 1710: 1701: 1692: 1683: 1674: 1665: 1656: 1647: 1638: 1629: 1620: 1611: 1602: 1558: 1537: 1528: 1519: 1484: 1475: 1466: 1457: 1448: 1439: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1392:Gheorghe Gârda 1328: 1325: 1307:Facsád (Făget) 1287:Hungarian post 1255:Partenie Cosma 1251:Visarion Roman 1249:Together with 1198: 1195: 1135: 1128: 1127: 1126: 1107: 1100: 1099: 1098: 1097: 1096: 1037:horse breeding 1027: 1026:Hungarian Diet 1024: 890:György Majláth 874:György Apponyi 841:Banat Swabians 816: 813: 754:intelligentsia 679:Following the 646:Franz Joseph I 633: 630: 552: 545: 544: 543: 538: 531: 530: 529: 528: 527: 521:, born from a 491:fényi Mocsonyi 439: 436: 434: 431: 320:Mocioni family 316:Greek Orthodox 246:(also spelled 239: 238: 235: 234: 231: 227: 226: 205: 201: 200: 197: 193: 192: 186: 182: 181: 170: 166: 165: 159:Transleithania 152:(aged 67) 146: 142: 141: 126: 122: 121: 117: 116: 113: 112: 107: 103: 102: 92: 91: 87:Deputy in the 84: 83: 73: 72: 65: 64: 54: 53: 46: 45: 42: 41: 34: 26: 25: 22: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3467: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3257: 3255: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3230: 3227: 3223: 3220: 3216: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3195: 3192: 3188: 3185: 3182: 3178: 3175: 3171: 3169: 3168:973-578-760-1 3165: 3161: 3157: 3154: 3150: 3145: 3141: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3100: 3097: 3093: 3090: 3087: 3083: 3080: 3079: 3074: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3058: 3057:973-596-246-2 3054: 3050: 3047:. Bucharest: 3046: 3042: 3039: 3038: 3033: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3007:Maria Berényi 3005: 3002: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2982: 2979: 2978: 2973: 2972: 2967: 2960: 2954: 2951: 2945: 2942: 2936: 2933: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2908: 2905: 2899: 2896: 2890: 2887: 2881: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2869: 2862: 2859: 2853: 2850: 2847: 2846:973-22-0673-X 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2826: 2823: 2819: 2818: 2811: 2808: 2804: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2790: 2787:Otiman, p. 28 2784: 2781: 2777: 2776: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2751: 2748: 2744: 2743: 2736: 2734: 2730: 2724: 2721: 2718:Cosma, p. 270 2715: 2712: 2706: 2703: 2697: 2694: 2688: 2685: 2681: 2675: 2672: 2666: 2663: 2659: 2653: 2650: 2646: 2640: 2637: 2634:, pp. 331–332 2633: 2628: 2625: 2619: 2616: 2610: 2607: 2603: 2597: 2594: 2588: 2585: 2581: 2580: 2573: 2570: 2564: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2548: 2545: 2539: 2536: 2530: 2527: 2521: 2518: 2514: 2508: 2505: 2501: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2488:973-9232-07-8 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2467: 2464: 2460: 2454: 2451: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2434: 2431: 2425: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2414: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2387: 2385: 2381: 2375: 2372: 2368: 2367: 2360: 2357: 2351: 2348: 2344: 2338: 2335: 2331: 2326: 2323: 2319: 2314: 2311: 2305: 2302: 2299:Lupaș, p. 748 2296: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2275: 2272: 2266: 2263: 2257: 2254: 2250: 2245: 2242: 2238: 2233: 2230: 2226: 2220: 2218: 2214: 2208: 2205: 2199: 2196: 2190: 2187: 2181: 2178: 2174: 2168: 2165: 2159: 2156: 2150: 2147: 2141: 2138: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2122: 2116: 2114: 2110: 2104: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2083: 2080: 2074: 2071: 2065: 2062: 2056: 2053: 2047: 2044: 2038: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2022: 2019: 2013: 2010: 2004: 2001: 1995: 1992: 1986: 1983: 1979: 1973: 1970: 1964: 1961: 1955: 1952: 1946: 1943: 1937: 1934: 1930: 1924: 1921: 1915: 1912: 1906: 1903: 1897: 1894: 1890: 1889: 1882: 1880: 1878: 1874: 1868: 1865: 1859: 1856: 1850: 1847: 1841: 1838: 1832: 1829: 1823: 1820: 1814: 1812: 1808: 1802: 1799: 1793: 1791: 1787: 1781: 1779: 1775: 1769: 1766: 1760: 1757: 1751: 1749: 1747: 1743: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1723: 1720: 1714: 1711: 1705: 1702: 1696: 1693: 1687: 1684: 1678: 1675: 1669: 1666: 1660: 1657: 1651: 1648: 1645:Otiman, p. 27 1642: 1639: 1633: 1630: 1624: 1621: 1615: 1612: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1583:V. A. Urechia 1580: 1575: 1573: 1571: 1569: 1567: 1565: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1546: 1544: 1542: 1538: 1532: 1529: 1523: 1520: 1516: 1515: 1510: 1507:Ștefan Both, 1505:(in Romanian) 1501: 1499: 1497: 1495: 1493: 1491: 1489: 1485: 1479: 1476: 1470: 1467: 1461: 1458: 1452: 1449: 1443: 1440: 1434: 1431: 1425: 1423: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1407: 1405: 1404:Vicejî noștri 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1376: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1353: 1351: 1345: 1343: 1333: 1326: 1324: 1320: 1318: 1314: 1313: 1308: 1302: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1281:, and lawyer 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1247: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1223: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1204: 1196: 1194: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1132: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1104: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1084:László Teleki 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1056: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1040: 1038: 1033: 1025: 1023: 1021: 1017: 1012: 1008: 1007: 1002: 998: 993: 991: 990:ASTRA Society 987: 983: 979: 978: 972: 968: 967:Josif Rajačić 962: 960: 956: 952: 951:Iosif Hodoșiu 948: 944: 943:Petru Cermena 940: 934: 932: 931:József Eötvös 928: 924: 920: 919:Address Party 916: 915:Lugoj (Lugos) 912: 906: 904: 899: 895: 891: 885: 883: 879: 875: 870: 866: 865:Andrei Șaguna 862: 861:Imperial Diet 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 821: 814: 812: 810: 805: 801: 797: 792: 791:Ján Francisci 788: 784: 780: 775: 772: 768: 767:Magyarization 763: 759: 755: 751: 746: 744: 740: 737: 736: 729: 727: 726:Emanoil Gojdu 723: 719: 713: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 690: 686: 682: 677: 675: 674:Franz Stadion 671: 667: 663: 659: 655: 654:Eftimie Murgu 651: 647: 643: 639: 631: 629: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 598: 596: 592: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 566:Banatian Serb 563: 549: 535: 526: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 483: 481: 477: 474: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 437: 432: 430: 428: 424: 420: 419:Krassó County 415: 411: 406: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 379:Andrei Șaguna 377:, and helped 376: 372: 368: 367:Eftimie Murgu 364: 360: 356: 352: 351:Imperial Diet 347: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 306:. Of a mixed 305: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 236: 232: 228: 224: 219: 214: 209: 208:Anton Mocioni 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 187: 183: 179: 174: 171: 167: 164: 160: 156: 147: 143: 140: 136: 132: 128:June 27, 1812 127: 123: 118: 114: 111: 110:Krassó County 108: 104: 98: 93: 90: 85: 79: 74: 71: 70:Imperial Diet 66: 60: 55: 52: 47: 43: 38: 32: 27: 20: 3235: 3232:Aloisiu Wlad 3225: 3218: 3211: 3207: 3198:Transilvania 3197: 3190: 3180: 3179:Teodor Neș, 3173: 3159: 3152: 3143: 3129: 3112: 3102: 3095: 3085: 3076: 3062: 3044: 3035: 3024: 3010: 3000: 2983: 2975: 2958: 2953: 2944: 2935: 2916: 2907: 2898: 2889: 2880: 2872: 2866: 2861: 2852: 2833: 2825: 2815: 2810: 2802: 2783: 2773: 2755: 2750: 2740: 2723: 2714: 2705: 2696: 2687: 2679: 2674: 2665: 2657: 2652: 2644: 2639: 2631: 2627: 2618: 2609: 2601: 2596: 2587: 2577: 2572: 2552: 2547: 2538: 2529: 2520: 2512: 2507: 2499: 2494: 2479: 2471: 2466: 2458: 2453: 2438: 2433: 2428:Tiron, p. 31 2411: 2406: 2391: 2374: 2364: 2359: 2350: 2342: 2337: 2329: 2325: 2317: 2313: 2304: 2295: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2274: 2265: 2256: 2248: 2244: 2236: 2232: 2224: 2207: 2198: 2189: 2180: 2172: 2167: 2158: 2149: 2140: 2103: 2087: 2082: 2073: 2064: 2055: 2046: 2037: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2012: 2003: 1994: 1985: 1977: 1972: 1963: 1954: 1945: 1936: 1928: 1923: 1914: 1905: 1896: 1886: 1867: 1858: 1849: 1840: 1831: 1822: 1817:Tiron, p. 30 1801: 1772:Lițiu, p. 33 1768: 1759: 1722: 1713: 1708:Colta, p. 71 1704: 1695: 1686: 1681:Tiron, p. 28 1677: 1668: 1659: 1650: 1641: 1632: 1623: 1614: 1605: 1586: 1553: 1531: 1522: 1512: 1478: 1469: 1460: 1451: 1442: 1433: 1408: 1403: 1395: 1377: 1357:Count Teleki 1354: 1346: 1341: 1338: 1321: 1316: 1310: 1303: 1279:Victor Babeș 1277:, biologist 1248: 1234: 1224: 1219: 1215: 1212:Ost und West 1211: 1207: 1203:Der Wanderer 1202: 1200: 1164: 1157: 1142: 1121:Gura Satului 1120: 1063: 1057: 1041: 1029: 1010: 1004: 994: 975: 963: 935: 926: 907: 886: 858: 832: 808: 776: 762:Mekhitarists 757: 747: 742: 733: 730: 714: 694:Transylvania 678: 635: 601: 599: 559: 498: 495:Foeni (Fény) 490: 486: 484: 473:King-Emperor 441: 407: 398: 375:Transylvania 348: 279: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 242: 150:(1880-05-05) 106:Constituency 96: 77: 58: 39:deputy, 1865 3300:Postmasters 3265:1880 deaths 3260:1812 births 3212:Le National 3187:Păun Otiman 3086:Țara Bârsei 3001:Țara Bârsei 2871:]", in 2691:Neș, p. 136 2282:Satu-Mare. 2278:"Buletinul 2162:Wlad, p. 39 1231:Béla Szende 1153:corporatism 1076:István Türr 666:Ioan Dobran 568:journalist 562:Păun Otiman 180:(from 1867) 169:Nationality 148:May 5, 1880 35:Mocioni as 3254:Categories 3109:Ioan Lupaș 2997:V. Babeșiu 2968:References 1871:Neș, p. 20 1414:under the 1384:Sever Bocu 1291:postmaster 1162:, and the 1045:Deák Party 947:crown land 843:in black, 783:Ruthenians 618:Bulgarians 595:Terézváros 464:Archpriest 230:Profession 3244:935413748 3121:935441252 3051:, 2004. 2992:255696418 2923:, 2011. 2840:, 1998. 2400:312705921 2288:Afirmarea 1593:, 1880. 1263:godfather 1179:Ruthenian 1165:Ausgleich 1119:magazine 1011:Concordia 959:Maramureș 851:in blue, 787:Carpathia 622:Armenians 476:Joseph II 452:Moscopole 444:Aromanian 433:Biography 308:Aromanian 296:Hungarian 284:Hungarian 215:(brother) 210:(brother) 204:Relations 175:(to 1867) 97:In office 78:In office 63:1849–1852 59:In office 3295:Notaries 2579:Romanulu 2511:Otiman, 1978:Századok 1599:45239179 1514:Adevărul 1365:Csávossy 1299:inkwells 1295:mahogany 1169:created 1064:Bucovina 1049:Rittberg 939:Burgrave 743:armalist 638:Austrian 626:Swabians 515:Gheorghe 507:Albanian 499:armalist 387:Gheorghe 312:Albanian 292:Austrian 264:Mocionyi 256:Mocsonyi 225:(nephew) 173:Austrian 155:Temesvár 3214:, 1861. 2817:Familia 2775:Tribuna 1888:Familia 1342:Tribuna 1312:Tribuna 1167:of 1867 1092:florins 1086:of the 955:Crișana 855:in pink 849:Slovaks 748:Author 702:Partium 268:Mocsony 260:Mocsoni 189:Deákist 3242:  3166:  3136:  3119:  3069:  3055:  3017:  2990:  2927:  2844:  2756:Albina 2680:Albina 2658:Albina 2602:Albina 2513:passim 2500:passim 2486:  2474:", in 2445:  2398:  2280:Astrei 2094:  2030:passim 1929:Albina 1597:  1327:Legacy 1267:Mihail 1239:Uhlans 1235:Albina 1220:Albina 1216:Albina 1208:Albina 1078:, and 982:Corona 845:Czechs 837:Danube 662:Vienna 586:pretor 578:notary 403:Vienna 399:Albina 272:German 196:Spouse 191:(1865) 2284:Astra 1511:, in 1426:Notes 1259:Sibiu 971:synod 913:, at 511:Anton 489:, or 391:Anton 332:Foeni 330:, at 328:Banat 51:Banat 3240:OCLC 3164:ISBN 3134:ISBN 3117:OCLC 3067:ISBN 3053:ISBN 3015:ISBN 2988:OCLC 2925:ISBN 2842:ISBN 2484:ISBN 2443:ISBN 2396:OCLC 2092:ISBN 1595:OCLC 1269:and 1253:and 1225:The 1189:and 1151:and 1117:Arad 957:and 901:and 847:and 839:and 827:and 735:Graf 698:Arad 668:and 640:and 624:and 513:and 468:Pest 389:and 310:and 294:and 145:Died 131:Pest 125:Born 2868:sic 1402:'s 1394:'s 980:of 833:Mg. 785:of 593:in 580:of 450:or 401:of 278:or 266:or 250:or 3256:: 3234:, 3206:, 3111:, 3009:, 2915:, 2832:, 2792:^ 2763:^ 2732:^ 2560:^ 2478:, 2421:^ 2383:^ 2216:^ 2124:^ 2112:^ 1876:^ 1810:^ 1789:^ 1777:^ 1745:^ 1731:^ 1585:, 1561:^ 1540:^ 1487:^ 1074:, 961:. 933:. 905:. 628:. 620:, 429:. 405:. 286:: 282:, 274:: 270:; 262:, 258:, 161:, 157:, 137:, 133:, 831:(

Index


Diet of Hungary
Banat
Imperial Diet
Diet of Hungary
Krassó County
Pest
Kingdom of Hungary
Austrian Empire
Temesvár
Transleithania
Austria-Hungary
Austrian
Austro-Hungarian
Deákist
Anton Mocioni
Gheorghe Mocioni
Petar Čarnojević
Alexandru Mocioni
German
Hungarian
Austrian
Hungarian
ethnic Romanian
Romanian Academy
Aromanian
Albanian
Greek Orthodox
Mocioni family
Hungarian nobility

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