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and history in his teaching, but Ewald never accepted the basis of the documentary hypothesis. The second reason has been reported by
Professor Andrew Harper who stated that, "Consequently, though he recognised the greatness of scholars like Wellhausen, he was never affected by the Wellhausen or other orthodoxies which soon grew up in the critical schools". Finally, it is a fact that, "he remained sceptical and even sarcastic of the finer distinctions, to which so many critics have carried literary analysis within the limits of the four main Pentateuchal documents." A piece of supportive evidence which should be considered is the fact that in a recently published collection of the letters written by Julius Wellhausen to various correspondents around the world not one was ever written to Andrew Bruce Davidson, whereas some 118 were written to and in support of
302:. Another dispute concerned the order of the lectures that Davidson had given. Strachan wrote that "Dr Davidson was above everything else a lecturer on Hebrew prophecy. He gave his students a new and inspiring conception of the real nature of Prophecy and its function in the history of Revelation. I fear that many of them will read the posthumous Old Testament Prophecy with a sense of disappointment. They will protest that this is not the Old Testament Prophecy to which they listened. The difference is not merely the absence of the living voice ... the course itself is altered." In fact Paterson had been a student of Davidson in 1874, while Strachan had been a student in 1884. In the time of the
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introductory to the Higher
Criticism of the Pentateuch. It was by such lectures that Dr Davidson started in the early seventies the great movement of Old Testament study which has characterised Scottish Theology during the last thirty years. He did not then take his students beyond the positions reached by Ewald; but that was sufficient to break up the mechanical ideas of inspiration which then prevailed in the churches, while, with the teacher's own wonderful insight into the spiritual meaning of Scripture, it made the student's own use of his Bible more rational and lively, and laid upon a sounder basis the proof of a real revelation in the Old Testament."
84:, thereafter a Probationer Minister in Gilcomston Free Church under the ministry of Dr MacGilvary for a period of six months. In 1858, Davidson became Hebrew tutor in New College, with the express purpose of teaching the Hebrew language to the first class. During this appointment he produced his first book on the Hebrew language in 1861 "Outlines of Hebrew Accentuation" which was followed later during his professorship by an
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121:. Being a master of its methods, but very cautious in accepting assertions about its results, he secured attention early in the Free Church for scientific criticism, and yet threw the whole weight of his learning and his caustic wit into the argument against critical extravagance. He had thought himself into the ideas and points of view of the Hebrews, and his work in Old Testament theology is unrivalled.
164:; and the impossibility of conceiving of Deuteronomy as extant in the days of the judges and early monarchy". In the second on the work of Dillmann he noted that, "he is dissatisfied with that scholar's theory of the origin for the Priestly code in the eighth century and leans to a later date." These briefs comments are the only published explicit statements that Davidson ever made.
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of the origin of the
Pentateuch. The answer to that question, in as far as it can be answered is that they did not. There are two reasons for this answer, the first of which is that he had studied as was noted earlier under Heinrich Ewald, who had revived Wellhausen's interest in the Hebrew language
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Following the publication of a list of
Davidson's writings a dispute broke out between its compiler, James Strachan, and James Alexander Paterson who had edited some of Davidson's manuscripts for posthumous publication. On quality of the editing, in his biography Strachan noted that, "no lecture of
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of the
Pentateuch. However, by 1863 he had retreated to a partial Mosaic authorship in a further article in the same journal. From the notes of lectures taken by one of his students (Henry Drummond) it is clear that Davidson was then discoursing to his class on Pentateuchal criticism, but with a
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in the
English language." When, in the following year, the chair of Hebrew fell vacant, Davidson was appointed professor by the unanimous vote of the Free Church Assembly. In 1871 he was chosen to be one of the Old Testament revision committee—a position he held until 1884, which resulted in the
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The manuscript of
Davidson's course on Pentateuchal criticism was never published, nor has it survived in any other form. What is known of its contents of comes from the biography of Henry Drummond, which states that, "Besides the grammar, Dr Davidson then gave to the First Year a few lectures
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case, Davidson dropped material on
Pentateuchal criticism and replaced it with Old Testament Prophecy. George Adam Smith stated "Yet, after the controversy on Robertson Smith's articles broke out, Davidson dropped his lectures on the Pentateuch—they were not given to his students in the later
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Davidson understood it to be the first duty of an exegete to ascertain the meaning of the writer, and he showed that this could be done by the use of grammar and history and the historical imagination. He supplied guidance when it was much needed as to the methods and results of the
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general position, which he is careful to guard against misconception and exaggeration." In the first of those reviews he noted "the improbability of Moses having given one system of laws (Exodus chaps. 20ff.) at Sinai and another so very different (Deuteronomy) on the
57:, graduating in 1849. Following graduation he took the position of teacher in the Free Church school in Ellon and while in that position taught himself French, German, Dutch and Spanish in addition to the classical languages he already knew. He entered
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of the Bible in 1885. As far as his teaching in New
College, Edinburgh, is concerned, most of it was published after his death in volumes entitled, 'Biblical and literary Essays,' 'Old Testament Prophecy,' and 'The Theology of the Old Testament.'
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is also still in print, having now reached its fourth edition (published in 1994, revised by J.C.L. Gibson). These works were recognised by several honorary distinctions, LL.D. (Aberdeen), D.D. (Edinburgh), Litt.D. (Cambridge).
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seventies—and did not resume till nine years later." The reason that
Davidson himself gave for concentrating on the eighth-century prophets was that with these writings, one was on historical ground.
103:(chapters 1–14) was published by Williams & Norgate. Despite the fact that he never finished this project, it was still classed as "the first really scientific commentary on the
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an ancient and inferior manuscript has again been palmed off upon the innocent reader, while the perfect Expositor article is left in obscurity." This view was supported by
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For a detailed analysis of Ewald's views on the authorship of the Pentateuch see J. Rogerson, 'Old Testament Criticism in the Nineteenth Century,' London 1984, p. 94f.
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leaning to more conservative positions. In fact Drummond had recorded that, "Davidson did not then take his students beyond the positions reached by Ewald."
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on the south side of the city. The grave lies on the southern edge of the north-west quadrant, backing onto the embankment over the central vaults.
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actually evolved. It is equally a moot question as to what these actually were. At the beginning of his teaching career he wrote in defence of the
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53:, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, on 25 April 1831. He was educated initially at the Aberdeen Grammar school under Dr Melvin and afterwards at the
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reveals that Davidson had an intimate knowledge of the comparative syntax of Syriac and Aramaic, Arabic, Ethiopic and Assyrian.
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J. Strachan, 'The Writings of the Late Professor A.B. Davidson, Expository Times, vol 15 October 1903 – September 1904, p. 452.
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430:'Recent Attacks on the Pentateuch – Davidson and Colenso,' The British and Foreign Evangelical Review, vol 12, 1863, p.391.
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J. Strahan, 'The Writings of the Late Professor A B Davidson,' The Expository Times, vol. 15 (103–1904), pp. 450–455.
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421:'The Recent introductions to the Old Testament.' The British and Foreign Evangelical Review, vol 10, 1861, p.762
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The final question which may be asked on this topic is whether Davidson ever accepted in full the tenets of the
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is still in print, having now reached its 27th edition (published in 1993, revised by James Martin). His
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George Adam Smith, 'The Late Professor A.B. Davidson, The Biblical World, vol 20, no 3 1902, p. 176.
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Professor Davidson's was finer than the one on 'False Prophecy'. It was ultimately published in the
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George Adam Smith, 'The Late Professor A.B. Davidson,' The Biblical World, Vol 20 No 3 1902, p.177.
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which is regarded by Strahan as "important as perhaps the first indication of his accepting
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Davidson died at home, Corrennie Gardens in Edinburgh on 26 January 1902. He is buried in
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R A Riesen, Criticism and Faith in Late Victorian Scotland,London 1985, p. 259
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DD LLD DLit (25 April 1831 – 26 January 1902) was an ordained minister in the
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While a student in 1854, Davidson went during the vacation to study under
581: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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R. A. Riesen, Criticism and Faith in Late Victorian Scotland London 1985
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George Adam Smith, 'The Life of Henry Drummond,'London 1899, pp. 43–44.
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Rudolf Smend, 'Julius Wellhausen Briefe,' Mohr Siebeck 2013, p. 881.
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George Adam Smith, A Life of Henry Drummond, London 1899, p. 43f.
180:. It should be further noted that the only Davidson mentioned in
72:. Following his licensing in 1857 he became a missioner first in
61:, in 1852, to study for the ministry, and was licensed in 1857.
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The grave of Andrew Bruce Davidson, Grange Cemetery, Edinburgh
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George Adam Smith, 'The Late Professor A.B. Davidson,'p. 176.
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George Adam Smith, 'The Late Professor A.B. Davidson,'p. 176.
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The next piece of evidence comes from Davidson's review of
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J. Strahan, 'Andrew Bruce Davidson,' London 1917, p. 113.
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J. Strahan, Andrew Bruce Davidson, London 1917, p. 126.
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J. Strahan, Andrew Bruce Davidson, London 1917, p. 72.
548:The Writings of the Late Professor A.B. Davidson
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49:Davidson was born at Kirkhill, in the parish of
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37:and Oriental languages in New College,
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294:in 1895. But in the posthumous
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