563:, an attempt to break the stalemate that existed at Gallipoli. Commanding a contingent of Maori pioneers in addition to his own brigade, the Turkish positions at No. 3 Outpost, Table Top Hill and Bauchop's Hill, guarding the approach to the Sari Bair ridge, were captured in a well organised attack on the night of 6 August. Russell took care to ensure his men fully understood their roles and the tactics to be used. Originally, Russell's brigade was to have been the spearhead of the attack on Chunuk Bair itself but was shunted into the supporting role of securing the approach. The capture of the Turkish positions cleared the way for the New Zealand Infantry Brigade to make its way up the slopes of Chunuk Bair. Heavy losses were incurred amongst the infantry making an initial attack during daylight hours. A nighttime attack was planned using two squadrons of Russell's command together with the Wellington Infantry Battalion. This succeeded and the peak of Chunuk Bair was captured in the early hours of 8 August. The peak was exposed to gunfire from neighbouring Hill Q, which made it difficult to dig in. The battalion held Chunuk Bair for a day until relieved by the Otago Infantry Battalion and two more squadrons of Russell's mounteds. The peak was lost the following day after it was handed over to two British battalions and the Sair Bair ridge remained in Turkish hands. Later, Godley regretted the change to the original plan, considering that Russell, after taking the approaches to the Sari Bair ridge, could have proceeded on and secured Chunuk Bair and Hill Q with his brigade.
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548:(ANZAC) perimeter and relieved a brigade of Royal Marines Light Infantry. It would remain here for three months. The area was overlooked by the Sari Bair range and the Turks dominated with snipers and machine gun fire. Russell set his men to improving the defensive arrangements of their positions, digging trenches and saps and implementing countermeasures. He made his headquarters on an elevated plateau which would become known as Russell's Top, only 40 metres (130 ft) from the front line and sharing the discomfort and dangers with his men. A week after arriving, the Mounted Rifles helped to fend off a Turkish night attack across the entire front line. The Turks lost 10,000 men killed and wounded, and the next morning, Godley, the divisional commander, ordered a counterattack. Russell, aware of how exposed to Turkish machine gun fire an advance across the front lines would be, refused to order the attack. Despite insisting his orders be followed, Godley eventually conceded.
571:, from the ANZAC front while elements of 9th Corps attacked from the other side. On 21 August, in broad daylight but supported by artillery, Russell's forces succeeded in capturing a portion of the Turkish trenches. The upper reaches of the hill remained in Turkish hands and an attack by Australian reinforcements the following day failed. Russell had wanted the reinforcements to advance at night but was overruled by Cox. Instead, he committed the inexperienced Australians without adequate preparation. On 27 August, Russell mounted a further attack. The New Zealanders managed to gain a foothold further up the slopes of Hill 60 and the next day, the Australian 10th Light Horse supplemented the gains made when they captured a trench on the crest of the hill. The remainder of the crest remained in Turkish hands for the rest of the campaign. Despite the fighting at Hill 60 only being a partial success, Godley noted that Russell "...is really quite an exceptionally good man".
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866:. As the 2nd New Zealand Expeditionary Force (2NZEF) was being organised, his advice on its use was sought after. He also approved of the appointment of Major General Bernard Freyberg as the commander of the 2NZEF, regarding him as "a good fighting man". He was also appointed to the War Council, which made recommendations to the War Cabinet on military matters. However, the War Council lacked executive powers and proved to be relatively ineffective. In September 1940, he was appointed the Inspector-General of New Zealand Military Forces which was responsible for inspecting and reporting on the country's home defences. It was an important role, for there was a genuine threat of a Japanese invasion and it had been made clear to the New Zealand government that the Royal Navy, long thought to be part of the country's defence arrangements, would be unlikely to help.
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these as vital to the defence of New
Zealand. He also identified training issues in the New Zealand Territorial Force and the best use of the Home Guard which, by 1941, numbered 100,000 men. However, his recommendations were often not enacted and his working relationship with Fred Jones, the Minister for Defence, was strained. In fact, he advocated for Jones to be sacked. Increasingly frustrated at his lack of traction, and believing a younger man would be better suited for the role, he retired his inspectorate in July 1941. He recommended that the duties of the role be devolved onto the military district commanders. He remained on the War Council until June 1942, by which time he had tired of its lack of impact on the direction of the war effort. Despite the protestations of Prime Minister Peter Fraser, he tendered his resignation.
642:, which opened on 1 July, with the objective being to tie down German troops so they could not be transferred to the Somme sector. This exposed problems and strained the men as extensive raids and patrols were carried out. Russell pushed for improvement, his goal being to create the best division in France. He inspected units daily and regularly visited the front line, even going into no-man's land on two occasions. He closely monitored discipline, and not just that of the enlisted personnel; officers were expected to perform well if they were to lead troops and Russell was not above removing those that did not meet his expectations. His insistence on rigid discipline was balanced by intensive training and tempered by close attention to the welfare of the troops under his command. In a letter to
635:'s Second Army. Here the New Zealanders would undergo intensive training in trench warfare. The Armentières front line was regarded by the Allies as a nursery sector where new units could undergo familiarisation without being called upon for intensive offensive operations. By 16 May, Russell's command had responsibility for a 5.4 kilometres (3.4 mi) stretch of the front line. He was not content to take a defensive posture as the German troops opposing his division did; instead he sought to control no-man's land, ordering regular patrols be dispatched and seeking to establish dominance over the enemy's sniping activities. It also carried out raids on the opposing trenches, seeking to capture prisoners and gain intelligence.
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requested his father give him a lease on the land and this was granted the following year. A few years later he took over full ownership of the farm by buying out his siblings' interest in the property. In addition to his farming, Russell pursued business and political interests. In 1899, he played a role in the development of the
Farmers' Union and later became chairman of its Hawke's Bay chapter. He took up directorships of several large businesses in the area. In 1905, he became heavily involved in the Political Reform League which worked to promote conservative views and candidates for public office.
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831:(RSA) in 1921. His involvement in the RSA helped establish it in New Zealand society during the immediate postwar period. Always interested in the welfare of the soldiers he had formerly commanded during the First World War, he sought to assist their integration back into society. He agitated for improvements in pensions for war widows and disabled soldiers. Thanks in part to his efforts, the introduction of the War Pensions Act was introduced the following year, improving the financial position of many returned soldiers.
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advancing behind a creeping artillery barrage. The attack was to be accompanied by tanks although
Russell was not convinced of their value when he attended a demonstration on their use. In early September the division moved from its rest area at Hallencourt to the Somme, reaching Fricourt on 9 September. It was to be part of XV Corp's attack on the villages of Flers and Gueudecourt, with the New Zealanders tasked with the capture of two key trench systems; Russell considered that the task was to his "liking".
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Flaxmere, jointly owned by his father and uncle, with a view to running his father's share of the property. In 1895, when the farming partnership between his father and uncle was amicably dissolved and the stations subdivided, Russell took on responsibility for his father's land. The same year, he began a courtship with
Gertrude Williams whose family had extensive land holdings in the Hawke's Bay. The couple eventually married in August 1896, and would go on to have five children.
484:, the prime minister. His men broke up pickets and cleared the docks of striking workers, duties which would occupy them for nearly two months before order was fully restored. The following year, Russell's men would again be used to maintain order, this time at a training camp in the Hawke's Bay, following a riot by territorial infantry protesting at the imposition of compulsory military training and its effect on their ability to work and support their families.
731:, accompanied by his now recovered daughter. He attended civic receptions in Christchurch and Wellington, being hailed at the latter as New Zealand's 'Ariki Toa', or 'Fighting Chief'. When speaking to the audience, he reminded listeners of the fighting deeds of the men under his command during the war. When in Wellington, and being hosted at a Parliamentary lunch, he spoke of the need to care for the returning fighting soldiers after their war service.
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which he had been involved. Two of his sisters that he had supported for much of his life died in 1945 and 1953 respectively and their property in
England was sold, with Russell inheriting the proceeds. He remained an important figure in the Hawkes Bay community and on 11 November 1956, laid the foundation stone for what became Hastings's Second World War memorial, the Hastings and District War Memorial Library.
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Defence League (NDL), which agitated for improved defensive arrangements in response to the New
Zealand government's trimming of its expenditure on the military. The NDL also promoted the idea of a "White New Zealand", a bastion of Western civilisation in the South Pacific that should be resistant to immigrants from Asian countries. He was also appointed Dominion Commandant of the New Zealand branch of the
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Division were demobilising and returning to New Zealand. Russell remained in command of those remaining until the end of January 1919 when, due to pneumonia, he took sick leave. He recuperated in the south of France but was soon taking care of his sister and daughter when they became stricken with the Spanish flu. The stress led to a collapse while traveling in France.
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previous year, he had leased small sections of land, with a right to purchase, to returned soldiers for farming. They too suffered financially and were unable to take up their option to purchase the leased land. Russell ensured they did not unduly suffer financially. The reduced income from the farm affected his ability to send funds to his sisters in
England.
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341:. The family were less isolated than at their previous home in the country and they had an active social life. However, finances became tight and the Russell family went back to England and then on to Switzerland, where they lived on the rental income from their property in New Zealand. Russell remained in England to be educated at
738:, Russell returned to his farm in New Zealand where he would spend much of the next two years resting from the strain of his command during the war. He had been recognised with numerous awards for his service in the war. In addition to his British honours, he received a number of foreign decorations including the French
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evacuate its forces. Russell was placed in command of the rearguard, numbering 20,000 men, which covered the evacuation from Anzac Cove. The withdrawal went smoothly, and in the early hours on 20 December, Russell departed the beaches of
Gallipoli, with the final 2,000 men of his rearguard following shortly afterwards.
500:(NZEF) for service in the war. The offer, the first to be made by a Dominion of Great Britain, was quickly accepted. Godley set about raising the NZEF, the main body of which was to consist of an infantry brigade, a mounted brigade, an artillery brigade and various support units. Russell was offered command of the
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Even though he was physically recuperating at his farm, Russell remained keenly interested in current affairs. He anticipated the postwar recovery of
Germany and also the increased presence of Japan in world affairs and argued New Zealand needed to be prepared. He became the president of the National
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In 1921, Russell Street in Hastings was renamed from Station Street in honour of Andrew Russell. The street is adjacent the city's war memorial. A bronze statue of him was installed on the street and unveiled on 25 April 2017. A bust of Russell is displayed at the Hastings and District War Memorial
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In 1924, Russell stood down as president of the RSA so he could travel abroad, but resumed his leadership role in 1926. He remained in this capacity until 1935, when, increasingly tired of the impositions on his time, he resigned. In honour of his presidency, a portrait of Russell by the war artist
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An economic slump in 1921 affected the rural sector of New Zealand, with meat and wool fetching lower export prices. This impacted the running of Russell's farm. He trimmed domestic staff at his homestead and, after consulting with his farm workers, reduced wages instead of making redundancies. The
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The New Zealand Division began its attack on 15 September, ending the day with three of its four objectives in hand. By nightfall the next day, it had achieved the last of its objectives, having incurred losses of around 2,500 men. The next few days were spent improving their positions and then, on
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was formed in March 1916, Russell was selected as its divisional commander. He immediately set about a training regime for his soldiers, many of whom were inexperienced replacements, to prepare them for combat. Initially, the division was tasked with defending a section of the Suez Canal but it was
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for a rest. By this time, casualties had seen his brigade, which had arrived at Gallipoli with 2000 men, reduced to around 250. Shortly afterwards, Russell went to Egypt to inspect reinforcements for the brigade. He also advised on the state of the British Territorial regiments at Gallipoli and was
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Two weeks later, Russell's brigade was involved in attacks on Hill 60, positioned between the ANZAC positions and the British 9th Corps at Suvla Bay. Russell's command, which also included 500 men from the Australian 4th Infantry Brigade and a battalion of Irish Rangers, was part of a three brigade
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which, at the time, was experiencing some unrest as bandits carried out guerrilla warfare against the British rulers. However, apart from one minor skirmish, Russell saw little action and spent much of his time training mounted infantry. The battalion was stationed in Burma for six months before it
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In the postwar period, Russell continued to farm his property although he ceased the physical labour and left day to day management to staff. The farm struggled with drought and pests, which saw him having to sell much of his cattle. He also began to step down from the many boards and trusts with
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In his inspectorate role, Russell travelled extensively throughout the country, assessing its defensive arrangements as well as the training and equipping of military personnel. He recommended the Royal New Zealand Air Force prioritise the acquisition of long-range reconnaissance aircraft, seeing
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At the end of the war, the New Zealand Division performed garrison duty in Germany, based at Cologne. To prepare his soldiers for a civilian life, Russell secured funding from the New Zealand government for educational and trade training. By December 1918, the longest serving personnel of the New
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Andrew Russell died on 29 November 1960, aged 92, at the family homestead near Hastings. After a well attended service at St Matthew's Anglican Church in Hastings, at which his pallbearers included several senior officers of the New Zealand Army including the Chief of General Staff Major General
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that was to be landed at Gallipoli, in the Dardanelles. The area designated for the landings was not appropriate for horses and only the division's two infantry brigades embarked for Gallipoli. Much to his frustration, Russell's brigade remained in Egypt. However, casualties amongst the infantry
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in 1899. He commanded the unit, the Wellington (East Coast) Mounted Rifles Regiment, which by 1901 numbered about 900 men. Most of his volunteers were young farm workers who provided their own horses and saddles, while the Defence Department provided rifles and other equipment. Russell set about
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British High Command planned on using the New Zealand Division in the ongoing Somme offensive and the New Zealanders were withdrawn from the Armentières sector on 18 August, having incurred over 2,000 casualties. It began preparing for a role in its first major attack, in particular, practicing
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In October 1913, New Zealand's military provided assistance to the government in maintaining order during a strike in Wellington involving mining and waterfront unions. Infantry were drawn from territorial formations and appointed special constables in order to support the police in Wellington.
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Farming was at times difficult; much of his father's land was bush country and needed to cleared before it could be converted to pasture. Russell also had to contend with low wool and meat prices as well as occasional floods and droughts. However, the farm was running at a profit by 1905 and he
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Promoted to major general, Russell took over command of the New Zealand and Australian Division on 27 November from Godley, who became commander of ANZAC. He was the first New Zealand-born soldier to reach this rank. By this time, the Allies had decided to abandon the campaign in Gallipoli and
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before transferring to the Indian Army in pursuit of a more active life. He grew disillusioned with his career and resigned his commission in 1892 to become a farmer in New Zealand. Running a sheep farm on land owned by his father, he retained an interest in soldiering and helped raise a local
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Russell returned to New Zealand to pursue sheep farming albeit somewhat unenthusiastically. At one stage, he went to Australia to investigate farming prospects there but soon decided New Zealand offered better opportunities. He was taken on as a farming cadet on sheep stations in Tunanui and
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The New Zealand Volunteer Force declined in the years after the Boer War and Russell endeavoured to keep his regiment, comprising five squadrons of mounted infantry, well trained and prepared for any future hostilities. He was promoted to major in 1907, and
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There was little action to enliven Russell's time in India and he found duty there tedious. Much of his time was spent riding and he earned a "great reputation as a polo player". A year later, his battalion was transferred to garrison duties in
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Archibald Baxter was donated to the nation. Although no longer the organisation's leader, he subsequently led a 1500-strong contingent of the RSA to Sydney in 1938, commemorating 150 years of European settlement in Australia.
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It spent the longest period in the front line of all of the divisions involved and gained a reputation for its fighting prowess. This came at a cost of 7,400 casualties since its introduction to the offensive on 15 September.
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Russell was one of the few general officers to have performed creditably during the Gallipoli campaign. Both Godley and Birdwood thought highly of him, the latter describing him as "an excellent commander". General
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during the Second World War and was killed in action during the Western Desert campaign. John's death affected his father deeply; as a way of coping, Russell would write letters to him for the rest of his life.
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unimpressed with their quality. He returned to Lemnos with 1,100 reinforcements and reorganised his brigade. It returned to Gallipoli in November although it was understrength despite the reinforcements. He was
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training his unit, an experience that he greatly enjoyed and which rekindled his interest in the military. However, his work and family commitments kept him from volunteering for active service in South Africa.
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418:. Disillusioned with how his military career was developing, he began to consider leaving the army. In June 1891, after applications to join units in Southern Africa were rejected, he transferred to the
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notes: "There were no better troops on the western front than the New Zealanders". Throughout 1918, Russell emphasised training as new mobile warfare tactics evolved: this proved its worth during the
665:. On a visit to the front line at Messines, Russell was nearly killed when a "sniper's bullet passed through his steel helmet, creasing his scalp". Failure came however on 12 October that year at the
532:. Now based in Egypt, the NZEF carried out intensive preparations for active service. Russell oversaw the training of his brigade in shooting, tactics, map reading and navigation. While in Egypt, the
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After tiring of life in colonial New Zealand, Russell's father moved his family to England in 1874 and settled in Sedgley. After three years, the family returned to New Zealand, setting up a home in
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called "a rare example of a military commander's willingness to accept responsibility for failure", though Pugsley attributes the main fault to the staff of the corps commander, General Godley.
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was formed, with Russell's brigade joining the New Zealand Infantry Brigade, 1st Australian Light Horse Brigade and the 4th Australian Infantry Brigade. The new division was part of the
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After further failure at Polderhoek in December and a hard winter in the Ypres salient, Russell worked to rebuild the division and its morale. Despite this, by now, as historian
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region of New Zealand. Russell's father also served in the 58th Regiment before emigrating to New Zealand where he ran an isolated sheep station with his brother in Hawke's Bay.
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as the best performing cadet of his intake, making him "the first New Zealand-born officer to achieve that distinction", and passed out in August 1887. He was
646:, the New Zealand Minister of Defence, Russell wrote: "What we want is a platoon officer who will look after his men exactly as a mother does her boy of 10".
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Although Russell had long ended his military career, having been moved to the retired list in 1932, he was called upon following the outbreak of the
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In 1885, Russell left Harrow and after spending several months in Germany learning the language, he sat the entrance examination for the
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eventually led to the transfer of Russell's command, without its horses which remained in Egypt, to Gallipoli in early May.
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On its arrival in the front lines on 12 May 1915, the Mounted Rifles was deployed on the northern (or left) sector of the
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The New Zealand Division, which totalled some 15,000 men in its ranks, departed Egypt in early April and proceed to the
508:, he departed New Zealand with the main body of the NZEF on 16 October 1914 as its highest ranking territorial officer.
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Leonard Thornton, his remains were cremated. He was survived by his wife and four children. One of his two sons,
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Sir Andrew Russell presents the guidon of the 9th Wellington East Coast Mounted Rifles to its commanding officer
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Russell commanded the mounted contingent of special constables, which became known as "Massey's Cossacks" after
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Russell's ashes were buried on a hill overlooking his farm, along with those of his wife and eldest son.
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Brewer, Mark (March 2010). "New Zealand and the Legion d'honneur: Officiers, Commandeurs and Dignites".
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then entered the war and were perceived to be a threat to the Suez Canal. Subsequently the NZEF and the
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in 1910. At this time, New Zealand's military was being reorganised under the overview of Major General
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for most of the campaign, had come to view Russell as "the outstanding personality on the Peninsula".
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Russell was involved in the Territorial Force in an honorary capacity and on 12 May 1935, presented a
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commander to be so asked – but he diplomatically declined in order to stay with the New Zealanders.
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Russell also occupied himself with veterans' affairs; he was unanimously elected president of the
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The Forgotten General: New Zealand's World War One Commander, Major-General Sir Andrew Russell
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Bust of Sir Andrew Russell in the Hastings and Districts War Memorial Library Hall of Memories
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Civic Square with a bronze statue standing over Russell Street next to the Hastings Cenotaph.
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Russell, centre front, with some of the senior officers of the New Zealand Division, 1919
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The New Zealanders were back in Egypt by late 1915 to recover and recuperate. When the
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Despite an active working and business life, Russell was prominent in the raising of a
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Andrew Hamilton Russell, known as Guy to his family, was born on 23 February 1868 at
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On the Fringe of Hell: New Zealanders and Military Discipline in the First World War
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Russell commanded the New Zealand Division for the remainder of the war. In the
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The Anzac Experience: New Zealand, Australia and Empire in the First World War
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unit before becoming a senior officer in the New Zealand Territorial Force.
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The Volunteers: The Journal of the New Zealand Military Historical Society
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On My Way to the Somme: New Zealanders and the Bloody Offensive of 1916
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New Zealand Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
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unit of the New Zealand Volunteer Force following the outbreak of the
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In June 1917 the New Zealand Division was involved in the capture of
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upon the outbreak of war, he rose swiftly to high command during the
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then decided that it would join two Australian divisions in France.
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Russell, on the right, with two officers of the New Zealand Division
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in August 1914, the New Zealand government offered Great Britain a
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Unsuccessful candidates in the 1922 New Zealand general election
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Soon the New Zealand Division was involved in supporting the
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The NZEF was originally destined for France to serve on the
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Official History of New Zealand's Effort in the Great War
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Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
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New Zealand Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
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On 13 September Russell and his men were withdrawn to
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In August 1915, Russell's brigade participated in the
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Russell returned to New Zealand in April 1919 aboard
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25 September, it was part of another attack forward.
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Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)
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The Oxford Companion to New Zealand Military History
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Royal New Zealand Returned and Services' Association
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2540:. Auckland: Penguin Random House New Zealand.
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2262:"Military Pageant: Presentation of Colours"
1066:
1064:
844:9th (Wellington East Coast) Mounted Rifles
31:
20:
2035:. 18 October 1920 – via PapersPast.
1701:
1677:
1338:(Supplement). 6 March 1915. p. 2336.
799:'s candidate, he described himself as an
705:Knight Commander in the Order of the Bath
175:Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath
1887:
1863:
1848:
1824:
1812:
1749:
1737:
1725:
1713:
1353:
1268:
846:at that year's training camp in Napier.
474:9th Wellington East Coast Mounted Rifles
2840:19th-century British military personnel
2443:
2405:
2372:
2370:
2361:
2349:
2337:
2325:
2313:
2301:
2286:
2236:
2200:
2188:
2164:
2126:
2060:
2048:
2015:
2000:
1988:
1976:
1964:
1952:
1940:
1899:
1875:
1836:
1797:
1785:
1773:
1761:
1689:
1665:
1653:
1641:
1608:
1596:
1584:
1572:
1560:
1548:
1533:
1521:
1509:
1497:
1485:
1473:
1449:
1437:
1425:
1413:
1377:
1365:
1316:
1304:
1292:
1280:
1256:
1244:
1229:
1217:
1205:
1193:
1181:
1169:
1157:
1145:
1133:
1121:
1109:
1097:
1085:
1055:
1043:
1011:
999:
987:
975:
921:
567:attack, commanded by Brigadier General
2559:. Auckland: HarperCollins Publishers.
2521:. Sydney, New South Wales: Macmillan.
2248:
2224:
2212:
2176:
2578:. Auckland: Oxford University Press.
2538:After the War: The RSA in New Zealand
1461:
1401:
1389:
546:Australian and New Zealand Army Corps
468:and newly appointed commander of the
264:Australian and New Zealand Army Corps
7:
2638:. Auckland: Hodder & Stoughton.
2598:New Zealand's Western Front Campaign
504:which he duly accepted. Promoted to
401:, where he arrived in January 1888.
318:while a grandfather served with the
262:. He oversaw the evacuation of the
2745:19th-century British Army personnel
2707:. Auckland: Whitcombe & Tombs.
2384:. Ministry for Culture and Heritage
951:Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
534:New Zealand and Australian Division
371:Royal Military College at Sandhurst
260:New Zealand and Australian Division
147:New Zealand and Australian Division
1033:. 13 September 1887. p. 4944.
758:(first class) and the Montenegrin
502:New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade
252:New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade
151:New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade
14:
2750:New Zealand people of World War I
1628:. 8 November 1915. p. 11026.
956:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
597:Mediterranean Expeditionary Force
538:Mediterranean Expeditionary Force
266:from Gallipoli. He commanded the
2830:British people in colonial India
2765:Officers of the Legion of Honour
2755:People educated at Harrow School
2617:Gallipoli: The New Zealand Story
1071:"Sir Andrew Russell: Obituary".
2760:People from Napier, New Zealand
2700:The New Zealanders at Gallipoli
818:Andrew Hamilton Russell in 1923
787:In 1922, Russell contested the
498:New Zealand Expeditionary Force
16:New Zealand general (1868–1960)
2660:. Auckland: Reed New Zealand.
889:New Zealand Divisional Cavalry
671:New Zealand's military history
393:, which was then stationed in
385:into the 1st Battalion of the
194:Returned Services' Association
1:
2615:Pugsley, Christopher (1984).
667:First Battle of Passchendaele
2835:British Indian Army officers
2825:Colony of New Zealand people
1930:. 1 January 1918. p. 1.
688:that ended the war. In June
326:and after retiring from the
2600:. Auckland: David Bateman.
2574:McGibbon, Ian, ed. (2000).
2481:. Hastings District Council
2479:"The Man Behind the Statue"
2459:. Hastings District Council
734:After a final reception at
470:New Zealand Military Forces
221:New Zealand Military Forces
205:Sir Andrew Hamilton Russell
101:New Zealand Military Forces
25:Sir Andrew Hamilton Russell
2861:
2555:Macdonald, Andrew (2005).
2140:"How The Electorates Went"
2106:Hawera & Normanby Star
946:"Russell, Andrew Hamilton"
746:(avec palme), the Belgian
526:Australian Imperial Force
250:Appointed to command the
30:
2800:Border Regiment officers
2536:Clarke, Stephen (2016).
2029:"Legion of Frontiersmen"
760:Order of Prince Danilo I
756:Order of the White Eagle
2634:Pugsley, Chris (1991).
2425:. Auckland War Memorial
944:Pugsley, Chris (1996).
742:(croix d'officier) and
581:mentioned in despatches
492:On the outbreak of the
330:took up farming in the
288:German spring offensive
183:Mentioned in despatches
2675:Vennell, Jock (2011).
2419:"John Tinsley Russell"
2033:Stratford Evening Post
908:
854:
822:
819:
795:. Although he was the
773:Legion of Frontiersmen
715:
686:Hundred Days Offensive
612:
556:
366:
292:Hundred Days Offensive
238:in 1888 and served in
223:who served during the
2517:Carlyon, Les (2006).
1911:Carlyon, 2008, p. 531
906:
852:
817:
723:Return to New Zealand
713:
703:, he was appointed a
701:1918 New Year Honours
631:, as part of General
610:
554:
364:
107:Years of service
2790:New Zealand generals
2654:Pugsley, Christopher
885:John Tinsley Russell
617:New Zealand Division
583:shortly afterwards.
464:, an officer in the
316:Black Watch Regiment
276:Battles of the Somme
268:New Zealand Division
143:New Zealand Division
74:Tunanui, New Zealand
39:George Edmund Butler
37:Portrait painted by
2408:, pp. 282–283.
2352:, pp. 276–277.
2328:, pp. 266–267.
2316:, pp. 265–266.
2304:, pp. 260–262.
2191:, pp. 223–224.
2129:, pp. 231–232.
2018:, pp. 219–220.
1967:, pp. 215–216.
1800:, pp. 120–121.
1776:, pp. 109–110.
1764:, pp. 152–153.
1428:, pp. 186–187.
1356:, pp. 471–473.
1075:. 30 November 1960.
675:Christopher Pugsley
595:, commander of the
561:Battle of Sari Bair
420:British Indian Army
308:Napier, New Zealand
232:Napier, New Zealand
59:Napier, New Zealand
2266:New Zealand Herald
2102:"Hawke's Bay Seat"
2074:"Hawke's Bay Seat"
1927:The London Gazette
1668:, pp. 99–101.
1626:The London Gazette
1335:The London Gazette
1030:The London Gazette
909:
887:, served with the
855:
820:
791:electorate in the
716:
690:Field Marshal Haig
613:
557:
458:lieutenant colonel
367:
256:Gallipoli campaign
2686:978-1-87750-507-2
2645:978-0-340-53321-5
2607:978-1-86953-926-9
2566:978-1-86950-554-7
2547:978-0-14-357405-7
1890:, pp. 82–83.
1728:, pp. 50–51.
1656:, pp. 92–95.
1587:, pp. 84–85.
1551:, pp. 80–81.
1524:, pp. 75–76.
1512:, pp. 71–73.
1416:, pp. 57–58.
1392:, pp. 68–70.
1380:, pp. 54–55.
1368:, pp. 52–53.
1271:, pp. 89–90.
1232:, pp. 42–43.
1220:, pp. 40–41.
1208:, pp. 37–38.
1184:, pp. 31–32.
1088:, pp. 17–18.
1014:, pp. 12–13.
823:Veterans' affairs
506:brigadier general
383:second lieutenant
199:
198:
2852:
2820:Rolleston family
2716:
2690:
2671:
2649:
2630:
2611:
2589:
2570:
2551:
2532:
2513:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2457:"Russell Street"
2453:
2447:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2432:
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2098:
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2091:
2089:
2087:
2070:
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2058:
2052:
2046:
2037:
2036:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1918:
1912:
1909:
1903:
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1891:
1885:
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1471:
1465:
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1441:
1435:
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1197:
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1076:
1068:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1021:
1015:
1009:
1003:
1002:, pp. 8–10.
997:
991:
985:
979:
973:
967:
966:
964:
962:
941:
864:Second World War
858:Second World War
750:(commander) and
748:Ordre de Léopold
740:Légion d'honneur
593:Sir Ian Hamilton
462:Alexander Godley
324:New Zealand Wars
218:
213:
165:Second World War
92:
71:
68:29 November 1960
56:23 February 1868
55:
53:
35:
21:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2853:
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2693:
2687:
2674:
2668:
2652:
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2592:
2586:
2573:
2567:
2554:
2548:
2535:
2529:
2516:
2503:
2500:
2495:
2494:
2484:
2482:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2462:
2460:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2442:
2438:
2428:
2426:
2423:Online Cenotaph
2417:
2416:
2412:
2404:
2397:
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2067:
2059:
2055:
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2027:
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2022:
2014:
2007:
1999:
1995:
1987:
1983:
1975:
1971:
1963:
1959:
1951:
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1939:
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1069:
1062:
1054:
1050:
1042:
1038:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1010:
1006:
998:
994:
990:, pp. 7–8.
986:
982:
978:, pp. 1–2.
974:
970:
960:
958:
943:
942:
923:
918:
901:
876:
860:
825:
785:
768:
752:Croix de guerre
744:Croix de guerre
725:
640:Somme Offensive
605:
514:
494:First World War
490:
488:First World War
441:
439:Militia service
428:
387:Border Regiment
375:Sword of Honour
359:
357:Military career
312:Napoleonic Wars
304:
225:First World War
211:
207:
190:Other work
181:
177:
163:
161:First World War
149:
145:
133:Border Regiment
113:
111:
99:
85:
73:
69:
57:
51:
49:
41:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2858:
2856:
2848:
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2837:
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2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2691:
2685:
2672:
2666:
2650:
2644:
2631:
2625:
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2606:
2590:
2584:
2571:
2565:
2552:
2546:
2533:
2527:
2514:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2470:
2448:
2446:, p. 271.
2436:
2410:
2395:
2366:
2364:, p. 278.
2354:
2342:
2340:, p. 269.
2330:
2318:
2306:
2291:
2289:, p. 259.
2279:
2253:
2241:
2239:, p. 229.
2229:
2217:
2205:
2203:, p. 226.
2193:
2181:
2169:
2167:, p. 235.
2157:
2131:
2119:
2093:
2065:
2063:, p. 222.
2053:
2051:, p. 221.
2038:
2020:
2005:
2003:, p. 219.
1993:
1991:, p. 218.
1981:
1979:, p. 217.
1969:
1957:
1955:, p. 215.
1945:
1943:, p. 214.
1933:
1913:
1904:
1902:, p. 212.
1892:
1880:
1878:, p. 130.
1868:
1853:
1841:
1839:, p. 125.
1829:
1817:
1802:
1790:
1788:, p. 154.
1778:
1766:
1754:
1742:
1730:
1718:
1706:
1702:Macdonald 2005
1694:
1692:, p. 104.
1682:
1678:Macdonald 2005
1670:
1658:
1646:
1631:
1613:
1601:
1589:
1577:
1565:
1553:
1538:
1526:
1514:
1502:
1490:
1478:
1466:
1464:, p. 323.
1454:
1452:, p. 216.
1442:
1440:, p. 215.
1430:
1418:
1406:
1394:
1382:
1370:
1358:
1341:
1321:
1309:
1297:
1285:
1273:
1261:
1249:
1247:, p. 206.
1234:
1222:
1210:
1198:
1186:
1174:
1162:
1150:
1138:
1126:
1114:
1102:
1090:
1078:
1060:
1048:
1036:
1016:
1004:
992:
980:
968:
920:
919:
917:
914:
900:
897:
875:
872:
859:
856:
824:
821:
784:
781:
767:
764:
754:, the Serbian
724:
721:
663:Messines Ridge
633:Herbert Plumer
627:sector of the
604:
601:
513:
510:
489:
486:
482:William Massey
440:
437:
427:
424:
358:
355:
343:Twyford School
303:
300:
197:
196:
191:
187:
186:
172:
168:
167:
158:
154:
153:
140:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
108:
104:
103:
94:
88:
87:
83:United Kingdom
80:
76:
75:
72:(aged 92)
66:
62:
61:
47:
43:
42:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2710:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2667:0-7900-0941-2
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2628:
2622:
2618:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2594:McGibbon, Ian
2591:
2587:
2585:0-19-558376-0
2581:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2539:
2534:
2530:
2528:9781405037990
2524:
2520:
2519:The Great War
2515:
2512:(3): 131–147.
2511:
2507:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2458:
2452:
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2298:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2280:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2251:, p. 81.
2250:
2245:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2230:
2227:, p. 78.
2226:
2221:
2218:
2215:, p. 68.
2214:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2182:
2179:, p. 23.
2178:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2158:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2120:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2081:
2080:
2079:Auckland Star
2075:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1937:
1934:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1888:McGibbon 2016
1884:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1869:
1866:, p. 76.
1865:
1864:McGibbon 2016
1860:
1858:
1854:
1851:, p. 75.
1850:
1849:McGibbon 2016
1845:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1830:
1827:, p. 67.
1826:
1825:McGibbon 2016
1821:
1818:
1815:, p. 71.
1814:
1813:McGibbon 2016
1809:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1755:
1752:, p. 64.
1751:
1750:McGibbon 2016
1746:
1743:
1740:, p. 62.
1739:
1738:McGibbon 2016
1734:
1731:
1727:
1726:McGibbon 2016
1722:
1719:
1716:, p. 42.
1715:
1714:McGibbon 2016
1710:
1707:
1704:, p. 38.
1703:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1683:
1680:, p. 35.
1679:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1647:
1644:, p. 96.
1643:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1614:
1611:, p. 91.
1610:
1605:
1602:
1599:, p. 90.
1598:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1578:
1575:, p. 82.
1574:
1569:
1566:
1563:, p. 83.
1562:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1536:, p. 77.
1535:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1506:
1503:
1500:, p. 74.
1499:
1494:
1491:
1488:, p. 66.
1487:
1482:
1479:
1476:, p. 64.
1475:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1407:
1404:, p. 63.
1403:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1354:McGibbon 2000
1350:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1319:, p. 49.
1318:
1313:
1310:
1307:, p. 47.
1306:
1301:
1298:
1295:, p. 46.
1294:
1289:
1286:
1283:, p. 45.
1282:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1269:McGibbon 2000
1265:
1262:
1259:, p. 44.
1258:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1199:
1196:, p. 33.
1195:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1175:
1172:, p. 27.
1171:
1166:
1163:
1160:, p. 26.
1159:
1154:
1151:
1148:, p. 25.
1147:
1142:
1139:
1136:, p. 22.
1135:
1130:
1127:
1124:, p. 21.
1123:
1118:
1115:
1112:, p. 20.
1111:
1106:
1103:
1100:, p. 19.
1099:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1079:
1074:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1058:, p. 15.
1057:
1052:
1049:
1046:, p. 14.
1045:
1040:
1037:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1005:
1001:
996:
993:
989:
984:
981:
977:
972:
969:
957:
953:
952:
947:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
922:
915:
913:
905:
898:
896:
893:
890:
886:
880:
873:
871:
867:
865:
857:
851:
847:
845:
841:
836:
832:
830:
816:
812:
810:
809:Liberal Party
806:
805:Gilbert McKay
802:
798:
794:
793:1922 election
790:
782:
780:
776:
774:
765:
763:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
732:
730:
722:
720:
712:
708:
706:
702:
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
659:
655:
651:
647:
645:
641:
636:
634:
630:
629:Western Front
626:
621:
618:
609:
603:Western Front
602:
600:
598:
594:
588:
584:
582:
577:
572:
570:
564:
562:
553:
549:
547:
542:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
518:Western Front
511:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
487:
485:
483:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
453:
450:
446:
438:
436:
432:
425:
423:
421:
417:
413:
408:
402:
400:
399:British India
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
363:
356:
354:
352:
348:
347:Harrow School
344:
340:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
320:58th Regiment
317:
313:
309:
301:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
284:Passchendaele
281:
277:
273:
272:Western Front
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
248:
246:
241:
237:
233:
228:
226:
222:
217:
210:
206:
203:
202:Major General
195:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
173:
169:
166:
162:
159:
155:
152:
148:
144:
141:
137:
134:
131:
127:
124:
123:Major General
121:
117:
109:
105:
102:
98:
95:
89:
84:
81:
77:
67:
63:
60:
48:
44:
40:
34:
29:
22:
19:
2699:
2676:
2657:
2635:
2626:0-340-338776
2616:
2597:
2575:
2556:
2537:
2518:
2509:
2505:
2485:29 September
2483:. Retrieved
2473:
2463:29 September
2461:. Retrieved
2451:
2444:Vennell 2011
2439:
2427:. Retrieved
2422:
2413:
2406:Vennell 2011
2388:29 September
2386:. Retrieved
2381:
2362:Vennell 2011
2357:
2350:Vennell 2011
2345:
2338:Vennell 2011
2333:
2326:Vennell 2011
2321:
2314:Vennell 2011
2309:
2302:Vennell 2011
2287:Vennell 2011
2282:
2272:29 September
2270:. Retrieved
2265:
2256:
2244:
2237:Vennell 2011
2232:
2220:
2208:
2201:Vennell 2011
2196:
2189:Vennell 2011
2184:
2172:
2165:Vennell 2011
2160:
2148:. Retrieved
2143:
2134:
2127:Vennell 2011
2122:
2110:. Retrieved
2105:
2096:
2084:. Retrieved
2077:
2068:
2061:Vennell 2011
2056:
2049:Vennell 2011
2032:
2023:
2016:Vennell 2011
2001:Vennell 2011
1996:
1989:Vennell 2011
1984:
1977:Vennell 2011
1972:
1965:Vennell 2011
1960:
1953:Vennell 2011
1948:
1941:Vennell 2011
1936:
1925:
1916:
1907:
1900:Pugsley 2004
1895:
1883:
1876:Vennell 2011
1871:
1844:
1837:Vennell 2011
1832:
1820:
1798:Pugsley 1991
1793:
1786:Pugsley 2004
1781:
1774:Vennell 2011
1769:
1762:Pugsley 2004
1757:
1745:
1733:
1721:
1709:
1697:
1690:Vennell 2011
1685:
1673:
1666:Vennell 2011
1661:
1654:Vennell 2011
1649:
1642:Vennell 2011
1625:
1616:
1609:Vennell 2011
1604:
1597:Vennell 2011
1592:
1585:Vennell 2011
1580:
1573:Vennell 2011
1568:
1561:Vennell 2011
1556:
1549:Vennell 2011
1534:Vennell 2011
1529:
1522:Vennell 2011
1517:
1510:Vennell 2011
1505:
1498:Vennell 2011
1493:
1486:Vennell 2011
1481:
1474:Vennell 2011
1469:
1457:
1450:Pugsley 1984
1445:
1438:Pugsley 1984
1433:
1426:Pugsley 1984
1421:
1414:Vennell 2011
1409:
1397:
1385:
1378:Vennell 2011
1373:
1366:Vennell 2011
1361:
1333:
1324:
1317:Vennell 2011
1312:
1305:Vennell 2011
1300:
1293:Vennell 2011
1288:
1281:Vennell 2011
1276:
1264:
1257:Vennell 2011
1252:
1245:Pugsley 2004
1230:Vennell 2011
1225:
1218:Vennell 2011
1213:
1206:Vennell 2011
1201:
1194:Vennell 2011
1189:
1182:Vennell 2011
1177:
1170:Vennell 2011
1165:
1158:Vennell 2011
1153:
1146:Vennell 2011
1141:
1134:Vennell 2011
1129:
1122:Vennell 2011
1117:
1110:Vennell 2011
1105:
1098:Vennell 2011
1093:
1086:Vennell 2011
1081:
1072:
1056:Vennell 2011
1051:
1044:Vennell 2011
1039:
1028:
1019:
1012:Vennell 2011
1007:
1000:Vennell 2011
995:
988:Vennell 2011
983:
976:Vennell 2011
971:
959:. Retrieved
949:
910:
894:
881:
877:
868:
861:
837:
833:
826:
797:Reform Party
786:
777:
769:
733:
728:
726:
717:
698:
679:
660:
656:
652:
648:
637:
622:
614:
589:
585:
573:
565:
558:
543:
515:
491:
478:
466:British Army
454:
442:
433:
429:
426:Farming life
403:
391:British Army
379:commissioned
368:
336:
328:British Army
305:
249:
236:British Army
229:
204:
200:
157:Battles/wars
97:British Army
70:(1960-11-29)
18:
2735:1960 deaths
2730:1868 births
2695:Waite, Fred
2249:Clarke 2016
2225:Clarke 2016
2213:Clarke 2016
2177:Clarke 2016
2150:10 November
1922:"No. 30450"
1622:"No. 29357"
1330:"No. 29092"
1025:"No. 25738"
874:Final years
801:independent
789:Hawke's Bay
682:Les Carlyon
644:James Allen
625:Armentières
569:Charles Cox
530:Middle East
351:Cadet Corps
332:Hawke's Bay
322:during the
86:New Zealand
2724:Categories
2498:References
2382:NZ History
1462:Waite 1919
1402:Waite 1919
1390:Waite 1919
766:Later life
302:Early life
79:Allegiance
52:1868-02-23
1073:The Times
912:Library.
512:Gallipoli
114:1940–1941
112:1900–1932
110:1887–1892
2697:(1919).
2656:(2004).
2596:(2016).
2429:16 April
2112:16 March
2086:16 March
783:Politics
736:Hastings
694:Dominion
520:but the
449:Boer War
339:Flaxmere
296:Hastings
290:and the
280:Messines
230:Born in
139:Commands
91:Service/
2713:6268942
961:21 July
842:to the
807:of the
445:militia
395:Sialkot
389:of the
245:militia
2711:
2683:
2664:
2642:
2623:
2604:
2582:
2563:
2544:
2525:
899:Legacy
840:guidon
576:Lemnos
286:, the
171:Awards
93:branch
916:Notes
729:Arawa
522:Turks
412:Dover
407:Burma
381:as a
240:India
214:
212:,
2709:OCLC
2681:ISBN
2662:ISBN
2640:ISBN
2621:ISBN
2602:ISBN
2580:ISBN
2561:ISBN
2542:ISBN
2523:ISBN
2487:2023
2465:2023
2431:2016
2390:2023
2274:2023
2152:2013
2114:2016
2088:2016
963:2020
416:Kent
282:and
216:KCMG
129:Unit
119:Rank
65:Died
46:Born
397:in
209:KCB
185:(9)
2726::
2703:.
2510:35
2508:.
2421:.
2398:^
2380:.
2369:^
2294:^
2264:.
2142:.
2104:.
2076:.
2041:^
2031:.
2008:^
1924:.
1856:^
1805:^
1634:^
1624:.
1541:^
1344:^
1332:.
1237:^
1063:^
1027:.
954:.
948:.
924:^
775:.
762:.
707:.
414:,
353:.
278:,
227:.
2715:.
2689:.
2670:.
2648:.
2629:.
2610:.
2588:.
2569:.
2550:.
2531:.
2489:.
2467:.
2433:.
2392:.
2276:.
2154:.
2116:.
2090:.
965:.
54:)
50:(
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