2090:
1933:
143:
121:
1944:
1939:
496:
in that they all are medium-sized phorusrhacids with slender, lightly built bodies, long and narrow mandibular symphyses, and long and slender tibiotarsi and tarsometatarsi. However, a phylogenetic analysis in 2015 by
Degrange
1225:
Degrange, F.J.; Tambussi, C.P.; Taglioretti, M.L.; Dondas, A.; Scaglia, F. (2015). "A new
Mesembriornithinae (Aves, Phorusrhacidae) provides new insights into the phylogeny and sensory capabilities of terror birds".
410:, refers to John Bernard Abbott, the discoverer of the holotype. Patterson described him as "an experienced collector and preparer, whom I am in favor of his instructions on the practical aspects of paleontology."
406:
in 1941, the generic name refers to
Charles William Andrews "... as a tribute to the excellence of his research into fossil birds in general and specifically to the Phororhacidae". The species name,
2036:
421:
is so far the largest member of the subfamily
Patagornithinae, though it has also been found to be a Phorusrhacine. The genus is generally very similar to
2165:
2131:
2023:
1309:
2190:
470:
In 2003 during their redescription of phorusrhacidae, Herculano
Alvarenga and Elizabeth Hofling created a new subfamily, Patagornithinae, with
2089:
1932:
353:
2155:
1162:"A new Mesembriornithinae (Aves, Phorusrhacidae) provides new insights into the phylogeny and sensory capabilities of terror birds"
2205:
357:
345:
2195:
399:
2185:
2124:
2200:
2175:
1160:
Degrange, Federico J.; Tambussi, Claudia P.; Taglioretti, Matías L.; Dondas, Alejandro; Scaglia, Fernando (2015-03-04).
142:
1302:
616:
325:
2180:
906:
517:
as well. The following phylogenetic tree shows the internal relationships of
Phorusrhacidae under the exclusion of
2160:
2117:
979:
1087:
2150:
945:
1116:
Alvarenga, H. M., & Höfling, E. (2003). Systematic revision of the
Phorusrhacidae (Aves: Ralliformes).
1963:
1295:
592:
2062:
733:
261:
2010:
1943:
1235:
1173:
783:
766:
640:
439:
1892:
834:
716:
428:
321:
1577:
1862:
1654:
1584:
1524:
1427:
1261:
1207:
657:
137:
1938:
1676:
1644:
1598:
1437:
1405:
2067:
2001:
1720:
1570:
1556:
2170:
2049:
2041:
1462:
1287:
1199:
962:
858:
120:
2101:
2054:
1665:
1607:
2097:
1728:
1251:
1243:
1189:
1181:
996:
307:
360:. This holotype consists of: an incomplete skull, the lower jaws, the proximal part of the
1795:
1691:
882:
384:
220:
1239:
1177:
1751:
1703:
1485:
310:
207:
1150:
Patterson, B. (1941). A new phororhacoid bird from the
Deseado formation of Patagonia.
521:
as published by
Degrange and colleagues in 2015, which recovers a clade that contains
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1908:
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1832:
1804:
1634:
1547:
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1356:
1319:
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78:
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1501:
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423:
1247:
1185:
1995:
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1447:
1350:
1093:
53:
1986:
1161:
1841:
1818:
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1618:
1471:
1416:
553:
450:
388:
98:
63:
1203:
1901:
1494:
507:
391:
380:
368:
356:, a series of expeditions to Argentina and Bolivia from 1922 to 1927 by the
349:
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154:
103:
47:
30:
1282:
1980:
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1509:
1338:
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129:
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88:
73:
68:
58:
38:
427:, but differs in that: the skull is slightly flatter, front edge of the
2028:
1781:
1627:
1256:
1194:
348:-P13417) was discovered on 18 September 1923 by John Bernard Abbott in
293:
108:
83:
34:
1332:
365:
164:
1957:
1344:
431:
is strongly sloping, the lower jaw is 39 cm long and slimmer than
395:
296:
2015:
303:
184:
1961:
1369:
1291:
454:. The Fenestrae Mandibulares are longer and larger than in
2105:
1889:
1859:
1829:
1792:
1748:
1700:
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1672:
1661:
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1640:
1595:
1544:
1521:
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1459:
1443:
1433:
1423:
1412:
1401:
1391:
1970:
1888:
1858:
1828:
1791:
1747:
1699:
1687:
1617:
1594:
1543:
1520:
1481:
1458:
1382:
505:in a merged Phorusrhacinae and in polytomy with
402:. Bryan Patterson gave these fossils the name
398:were collected from strata of the same age in
2125:
1303:
8:
383:of the Deseado Formation of Cabeza Blanca (
2132:
2118:
1958:
1744:
1696:
1379:
1366:
1310:
1296:
1288:
354:Marshall Field Paleontological Expeditions
119:
20:
1255:
1193:
1080:
7:
2086:
2084:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
922:
898:
874:
850:
826:
758:
708:
701:
632:
608:
584:
576:
569:
546:
536:
2104:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
1228:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1166:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
14:
474:as the type genus, that included
320:. Fossils have been found in the
2166:Paleogene birds of South America
2088:
1942:
1937:
1931:
313:or "terror birds" that lived in
141:
358:Field Museum of Natural History
352:, who was participating in the
438:. With a length of 10 cm, the
1:
2191:Fossil taxa described in 1941
1248:10.1080/02724634.2014.912656
1186:10.1080/02724634.2014.912656
617:Mesembriornis milneedwardsi
442:is more similar to that in
326:Agua de la Piedra Formation
2222:
2083:
1118:Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia
907:Paraphysornis brasiliensis
387:). Two other specimens, a
375:. The fossils date to the
1928:
1378:
1365:
1327:
993:
976:
959:
942:
927:
920:
903:
896:
879:
872:
855:
848:
831:
824:
780:
763:
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699:
654:
637:
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589:
582:
574:
567:
551:
544:
267:
260:
138:Scientific classification
136:
127:
118:
23:
2156:Extinct flightless birds
1322:and their extinct allies
980:Phorusrhacos longissimus
946:Andalgalornis steulleti
2206:Prehistoric bird stubs
593:Mesembriornis incertus
381:middle-upper Oligocene
16:Extinct genus of birds
2196:Golfo San Jorge Basin
2063:Paleobiology Database
734:Psilopterus bachmanni
371:of digit II from the
2186:Fossils of Argentina
930:Andrewsornis abbotti
784:Psilopterus lemoinei
767:Psilopterus colzecus
641:Llallawavis scagliai
462:have an oval shape.
440:symphysis mandibulae
404:Andrewsornis abbotti
394:and incomplete left
332:Discovery and naming
299:of giant flightless
274:Andrewsornis abbotti
2201:Sarmiento Formation
2176:Paleogene Argentina
1240:2015JVPal..35E2656D
1178:2015JVPal..35E2656D
835:Kelenken guillermoi
717:Psilopterus affinis
580:Mesembriornithinae
429:antorbital fenestra
400:Santa Cruz Province
364:and the second and
324:, and possibly the
322:Sarmiento Formation
1863:Mesembriornithinae
1525:Eleutherornithidae
658:Procariama simplex
2181:Neogene Argentina
2113:
2112:
2078:
2077:
2050:Open Tree of Life
1964:Taxon identifiers
1955:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1463:Ameghinornithidae
1071:
1070:
1062:
1061:
1053:
1052:
1044:
1043:
1035:
1034:
1026:
1025:
1017:
1016:
1008:
1007:
963:Patagornis marshi
859:Devincenzia pozzi
813:
812:
804:
803:
795:
794:
745:
744:
687:
686:
678:
677:
669:
668:
385:Chubut, Argentina
285:
284:
241:
132:specimen's skull
2213:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2098:prehistoric bird
2092:
2085:
2071:
2070:
2058:
2057:
2045:
2044:
2032:
2031:
2019:
2018:
2006:
2005:
2004:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1959:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1891:
1861:
1831:
1794:
1750:
1745:
1729:Paleopsilopterus
1702:
1697:
1690:
1674:
1663:
1652:
1642:
1597:
1546:
1523:
1484:
1461:
1445:
1435:
1425:
1414:
1403:
1393:
1380:
1367:
1312:
1305:
1298:
1289:
1270:
1269:
1259:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1197:
1157:
1151:
1148:
1125:
1114:
1097:
1085:
997:Physornis fortis
923:
899:
875:
851:
827:
759:
709:
702:
633:
609:
585:
577:
570:
547:
537:
533:, among others.
437:
276:
272:
239:
232:
219:
206:
146:
145:
128:A sketch of the
123:
113:
50:
29:Temporal range:
21:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2161:Oligocene birds
2141:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2081:
2079:
2074:
2066:
2061:
2053:
2048:
2040:
2035:
2027:
2022:
2014:
2009:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1966:
1956:
1947:
1936:
1914:
1884:
1854:
1824:
1796:Patagornithinae
1787:
1743:
1692:Phorusrhacoidea
1683:
1613:
1590:
1539:
1516:
1477:
1454:
1374:
1361:
1323:
1316:
1279:
1274:
1273:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1128:
1115:
1100:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1063:
1054:
1045:
1036:
1027:
1018:
1009:
883:Titanis walleri
814:
805:
796:
746:
688:
679:
670:
565:Phorusrhacinae
468:
435:
416:
334:
281:
280:Patterson, 1941
278:
270:
269:
256:
253:A. abbotti
240:Patterson, 1941
238:
230:
221:Patagornithinae
217:
204:
140:
114:
112:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
46:29.0–21.0
45:
44:
42:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2219:
2217:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2151:Phorusrhacidae
2143:
2142:
2137:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2093:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2059:
2046:
2033:
2020:
2007:
1992:
1976:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1905:
1897:
1895:
1893:Physornithinae
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1875:
1867:
1865:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1845:
1837:
1835:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1800:
1798:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1756:
1754:
1752:Phorusrhacinae
1742:
1741:
1733:
1725:
1717:
1708:
1706:
1704:Phorusrhacidae
1694:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1670:
1659:
1648:
1638:
1631:
1623:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1603:
1601:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1552:
1550:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1529:
1527:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1506:
1498:
1490:
1488:
1486:Bathornithidae
1479:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1467:
1465:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1441:
1431:
1421:
1410:
1399:
1388:
1386:
1384:incertae sedis
1376:
1375:
1370:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1283:Genus Taxonomy
1278:
1277:External links
1275:
1272:
1271:
1234:(2): e912656.
1217:
1172:(2): e912656.
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742:
739:
738:
729:
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697:Psilopterinae
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566:
562:
561:
558:
557:
550:
545:
543:
535:
488:is similar to
467:
466:Classification
464:
460:Andalgalornis,
415:
412:
333:
330:
311:Phorusrhacidae
283:
282:
279:
265:
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208:Phorusrhacidae
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2218:
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2202:
2199:
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2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2135:
2130:
2128:
2123:
2121:
2116:
2115:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2100:article is a
2099:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2069:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2003:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1945:
1940:
1934:
1911:
1910:
1909:Paraphysornis
1906:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1879:Mesembriornis
1876:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1833:Psilopterinae
1827:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1805:Andalgalornis
1802:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1698:
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1678:
1671:
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1660:
1657:
1656:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
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1610:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1582:
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1579:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1548:Idiornithidae
1542:
1536:
1535:
1534:Eleutherornis
1531:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1497:
1496:
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1489:
1487:
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1469:
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1449:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1396:Elaphrocnemus
1390:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1372:Cariamiformes
1368:
1364:
1358:
1357:Cariamiformes
1354:
1352:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1321:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1294:
1293:
1290:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1221:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1156:
1153:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1066:
1058:
1057:
1049:
1048:
1040:
1039:
1031:
1030:
1022:
1021:
1013:
1012:
1004:
1003:
1000:
999:
998:
991:
990:
987:
986:
983:
982:
981:
974:
973:
970:
969:
966:
965:
964:
957:
956:
953:
952:
949:
948:
947:
940:
939:
936:
935:
932:
931:
925:
924:
918:
917:
914:
913:
910:
909:
908:
901:
900:
894:
893:
890:
889:
886:
885:
884:
877:
876:
870:
869:
866:
865:
862:
861:
860:
853:
852:
846:
845:
842:
841:
838:
837:
836:
829:
828:
822:
821:
818:
817:
809:
808:
800:
799:
791:
790:
787:
786:
785:
778:
777:
774:
773:
770:
769:
768:
761:
760:
754:
753:
750:
749:
741:
740:
737:
736:
735:
728:
727:
724:
723:
720:
719:
718:
711:
710:
704:
703:
696:
695:
692:
691:
683:
682:
674:
673:
665:
664:
661:
660:
659:
652:
651:
648:
647:
644:
643:
642:
635:
634:
628:
627:
624:
623:
620:
619:
618:
611:
610:
604:
603:
600:
599:
596:
595:
594:
587:
586:
579:
578:
572:
571:
564:
563:
560:
559:
556:
555:
549:
548:
542:
541:Cariamiformes
539:
538:
534:
532:
531:Andalgalornis
528:
524:
520:
516:
515:
510:
509:
504:
500:
495:
494:Andalgalornis
491:
487:
483:
482:
481:Andalgalornis
477:
473:
465:
463:
461:
457:
453:
452:
447:
446:
445:Andalgalornis
441:
434:
430:
426:
425:
420:
413:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
331:
329:
327:
323:
319:
316:
312:
309:
305:
302:
298:
295:
291:
290:
277:
275:
266:
263:
262:Binomial name
259:
255:
254:
248:
245:
244:
237:
236:
229:
226:
225:
222:
216:
213:
212:
209:
203:
200:
199:
196:
195:Cariamiformes
193:
190:
189:
186:
183:
180:
179:
176:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
149:
144:
139:
135:
131:
126:
122:
117:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
49:
40:
36:
35:Early Miocene
32:
26:
22:
19:
2106:expanding it
2095:
2080:
2002:Andrewsornis
1972:Andrewsornis
1971:
1907:
1900:
1877:
1870:
1847:
1840:
1817:
1812:Andrewsornis
1811:
1810:
1803:
1780:
1775:Phorusrhacos
1773:
1766:
1759:
1737:Patagorhacos
1735:
1727:
1719:
1711:
1675:
1664:
1653:
1643:
1633:
1626:
1606:
1583:
1578:Occitaniavis
1576:
1569:
1562:
1555:
1532:
1508:
1502:Eutreptornis
1500:
1493:
1470:
1446:
1436:
1426:
1415:
1404:
1394:
1383:
1349:Superorder:
1231:
1227:
1220:
1169:
1165:
1155:
1121:
1117:
1089:Andrewsornis
1088:
1083:
995:
994:
978:
977:
961:
960:
944:
943:
929:
928:
905:
904:
881:
880:
857:
856:
833:
832:
782:
781:
765:
764:
732:
731:
715:
714:
656:
655:
639:
638:
615:
614:
591:
590:
552:
530:
527:Phorusrhacos
526:
522:
518:
514:Phorusrhacos
512:
506:
503:Andrewsornis
502:
498:
493:
489:
486:Andrewsornis
485:
479:
476:Andrewsornis
475:
471:
469:
459:
455:
449:
443:
433:Phorusrhacos
432:
424:Phorusrhacos
422:
419:Andrewsornis
418:
417:
407:
403:
342:Andrewsornis
341:
335:
289:Andrewsornis
288:
287:
286:
273:
268:
252:
251:
235:Andrewsornis
234:
233:
25:Andrewsornis
24:
18:
1996:Wikispecies
1872:Llallawavis
1849:Psilopterus
1761:Devincenzia
1655:Pseudolarus
1585:Propelargus
1448:Lavocatavis
1428:Similiornis
1351:Australaves
1257:11336/38650
1195:11336/38650
1124:(4), 55-91.
1094:Fossilworks
414:Description
214:Subfamily:
2145:Categories
1842:Procariama
1819:Patagornis
1713:Brontornis
1677:Smiliornis
1645:Miocariama
1619:Cariamidae
1599:Salmilidae
1472:Strigogyps
1438:Talantatos
1417:Itaboravis
1406:Gradiornis
1318:Genera of
1075:References
554:Cariamidae
519:Brontornis
490:Patagornis
472:Patagornis
456:Patagornis
451:Patagornis
389:mandibular
1902:Physornis
1721:Macrornis
1571:Oblitavis
1557:Gypsornis
1495:Bathornis
1331:Kingdom:
1204:0272-4634
523:Physornis
508:Physornis
392:symphysis
369:phalanges
350:Patagonia
318:Argentina
315:Oligocene
301:predatory
246:Species:
161:Kingdom:
155:Eukaryota
31:Oligocene
2171:Deseadan
2016:47444348
1987:Q2324017
1981:Wikidata
1768:Kelenken
1564:Idiornis
1510:Paracrax
1339:Chordata
1337:Phylum:
1333:Animalia
1320:Seriemas
1266:85212917
1212:85212917
377:Deseadan
362:coracoid
338:holotype
201:Family:
175:Chordata
171:Phylum:
165:Animalia
151:Domain:
130:holotype
39:Deseadan
2055:4131163
2042:1177391
2029:4852153
1782:Titanis
1666:Riacama
1628:Cariama
1608:Salmila
1355:Clade:
1343:Class:
1236:Bibcode
1174:Bibcode
408:abbotti
379:of the
306:of the
294:extinct
271:†
250:†
227:Genus:
191:Order:
181:Class:
1635:Chunga
1264:
1210:
1202:
501:found
436:'s
366:ungual
308:family
292:is an
2096:This
2068:39464
2037:IRMNG
1262:S2CID
1208:S2CID
499:et al
396:femur
304:birds
297:genus
2102:stub
2024:GBIF
1345:Aves
1200:ISSN
1096:.org
529:and
511:and
492:and
478:and
458:and
448:and
336:The
185:Aves
54:PreꞒ
2011:EoL
1252:hdl
1244:doi
1190:hdl
1182:doi
1092:at
373:pes
340:of
2147::
2065::
2052::
2039::
2026::
2013::
1998::
1983::
1260:.
1250:.
1242:.
1232:35
1230:.
1206:.
1198:.
1188:.
1180:.
1170:35
1168:.
1164:.
1129:^
1122:43
1120:,
1101:^
525:,
484:.
346:FM
328:.
104:Pg
48:Ma
2133:e
2126:t
2119:v
2108:.
1890:†
1860:†
1830:†
1793:†
1749:†
1740:?
1732:?
1724:?
1716:?
1701:†
1689:†
1680:?
1673:†
1669:?
1662:†
1658:?
1651:†
1641:†
1596:†
1545:†
1522:†
1513:?
1505:?
1483:†
1460:†
1451:?
1444:†
1434:†
1424:†
1420:?
1413:†
1409:?
1402:†
1392:†
1311:e
1304:t
1297:v
1268:.
1254::
1246::
1238::
1214:.
1192::
1184::
1176::
344:(
231:†
218:†
205:†
109:N
99:K
94:J
89:T
84:P
79:C
74:D
69:S
64:O
59:Ꞓ
43:~
41:)
37:(
33:-
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