634:. Serbs soon found themselves in possession of Ohrid, Prilep and Srumitsa. Syrgiannes then directed capture of Kastoria, after this Serbs marched down towards Tessaloniki,soon reaching city's walls. Byzantines responded with a well-conceived plot. Byzantine general Sphrantzes Palaiologos, posing as a deserter, entered the Serbian camp and killed Syrgiannes Palaiologos. Dušan's plans were seriously upset, for his successes until then had been chiefly owing to Syrgiannes' strategic abilities, knowledge of Byzantine position and his allies who had surrendered fortresses to Serbs. Furthering Dušan's willingness to negotiate was intelligence that Byzantines just repelled a major Turkish raiding party, enabling more Byzantine troops to aid Tessaloniki front and the report that Hungarians were mobilizing to attack Serbia in the north. Serbs agreed to peace on 26. August 1334. Byzantines recognized Serbian gains in Ohrid, Prilep, Strumitsa, Siderokastron, Chermen and Prosek.
888:
716:
49:
346:
867:
The energetic campaigns of emperor
Andronikos III simply lacked sufficient strength to defeat the imperial enemies and led to several significant Byzantine reverses at the hands of Bulgarians, Serbians, and Ottomans. Andronikos III nevertheless provided active leadership and cooperated with able
461:, died in his grief. The homicide and the general dissolute behavior of Andronikos III and his coterie, mostly the young scions of the great aristocratic clans of the Empire, resulted in a deep rift in the relations between young Andronikos and his grandfather, still reigning as Emperor
871:
Within a few months after the death of
Andronikos III, controversy over the right to exercise the regency over the new emperor John V Palaiologos and the position of John Kantakouzenos as all-powerful chief minister and friend of Andronikos led to the outbreak of the destructive
682:
In 1341, the Latin lords of the
Peloponnese sent a delegation to Constantinople, seeking to swear allegiance to the Byzantine crown. An ailing Andronikos III then received the Latin delegation on one occasion, shortly before succumbing to an illness on 15 June 1341.
868:
administrators. Under him, the empire came closest to regaining a position of power in the
Balkans and the Greek peninsula after the Fourth Crusade. The loss of a few imperial territories in Anatolia, however, left the Ottoman Turks poised to expand into Europe.
876:, which consumed the resources of the empire and left it in an untenable position. The weakened Byzantine Empire failed to prevent the formation of the Serbian Empire and, more ominously, the Ottoman invasion of Europe.
472:, and began to reign as rival emperor in 1321. A few months after the rebellion began, Andronikos II relented and named Andronikos III his co-emperor. The concession was not enough to prevent intermittent
3444:
856:. Historians contend that his reign ended with the Byzantine Empire in a still-tenable situation and generally do not implicate deficiencies in his leadership in its later demise.
645:. However, this victory failed to stem significantly the Ottoman advance in Asia Minor. Byzantine rule gradually vanished from Anatolia as tribute failed to appease Ottoman sultan
595:
on 18 July 1332. Andronikos III secured peace with
Bulgaria by territorial concessions and the marriage of his daughter Maria (renamed Irene) to Ivan Alexander's son, the future
3089:
2812:
1264:
3434:
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700:
of
Andronikos III and later emperor, wielded effective administrative authority during the reign, while the Emperor personally enjoyed hunting and waging war.
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215:
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An alliance with
Bulgaria failed to secure any gains for the Byzantine empire. On 28 July 1330, the Serbians decisively defeated the Bulgarians in the
3255:
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deserted to
Byzantines. He could do this because he had possessed holdings right on Byzantine-Serbian border that included region of the middle of
606:
visited
Constantinople towards the end of 1332 and mentions meeting Andronikos III in his memoirs. Byzantine sources do not attest to the meeting.
3342:
3094:
3043:
1942:
1262:
Trapp, Erich; Beyer, Hans-Veit; Walther, Rainer; Sturm-Schnabl, Katja; Kislinger, Ewald; Leontiadis, Ioannis; Kaplaneres, Sokrates (1976–1996).
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63:
342:. He was formally crowned co-emperor in February 1325, before ousting his grandfather outright and becoming sole emperor on 24 May 1328.
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3449:
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from the Fourth
Crusade until the Byzantine recapture of Constantinople. Andronikos III launched a relief attempt, which Ottoman sultan
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54:
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Lascaratos, J.; Marketos, S. (1997), "The fatal disease of the Byzantine Emperor Andronicus III Palaeologus (1328-1341 A.D.)",
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203:
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Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
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1410:
616:, died circa 1333; taking advantage of the secession crisis, Andronikos III extended Byzantine control over the region.
484:
2446:
2125:
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758:
715:
596:
587:
Having failed to gain anything against Serbia, Andronikos III attempted to annex Bulgarian Thrace, but the new tsar
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Kaiser Andronikos III. Palaiologos. Versuch einer Darstellung der byzantinischen Geschichte in den Jahren 1321–1341
901:
588:
561:, Bulgaria) without significant Byzantine participation. The Ottomans continued to advance in 1331, finally taking
502:. In 1328 the Byzantine civil war ended with the deposition of Emperor Andronikos II, who retired to a monastery.
39:
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339:
100:
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754:
584:, which comprised only 10 ships by 1332; in emergencies, he still could muster a hundred extra merchant ships.
207:
457:
In 1320, Andronikos accidentally caused the death of his brother Manuel, after which their father, co-emperor
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Emperor Andronikos II disowned his grandson Andronikos, who fled the capital, rallied his supporters in
402:
315:
703:
Andronikos III also reformed the judiciary through his creation of a panel of four judges, designated "
642:
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661:
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253:
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1815:
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809:
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386:
1171:
The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest
3316:
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1936:
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857:
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763:
728:
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211:
179:
110:
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323:
190:
72:
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In 1340, Dušan fell seriously ill. At this critical time, one of Dušan's leading commanders,
3381:
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2741:
2718:
2621:
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2431:
2421:
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143:
48:
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331:
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17:
860:
succeeded his father as Byzantine emperor, but at only nine years of age, he required a
3399:
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2001:
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1222:
841:
829:
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672:
581:
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165:
139:
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183:
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2026:
1888:
1529:
1073:
853:
825:
735:; she died in 1324. They had an unnamed son, who died shortly after birth in 1321.
656:
Despite these troubles, Andronikos III took advantage of a secession crisis in the
623:
550:). The expedition deposed Zaccaria, and regained Byzantine control of the islands.
390:
117:
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in October 1326. In 1327 she gave birth to Maria (renamed Irene) Palaiologina.
349:
The Byzantine Empire in 1340, including Bulgaria, Serbia and the Ottoman Beylik.
1213:
334:. He was proclaimed co-emperor in his youth, before 1313, and in April 1321 he
2411:
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2083:
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1783:
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1611:
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1439:
1268:(in German). Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
883:
558:
577:
not to suffer the same fate and sought to pay off the Ottomans with tribute.
2158:
2110:
2020:
2007:
1794:
1723:
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1484:
828:, and taken the name Bayalun. Ibn Battuta claims to have accompanied her to
720:
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59:
1231:
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2100:
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2013:
1995:
1915:
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774:
676:
613:
574:
566:
382:
358:
148:
345:
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2063:
1970:
1883:
1738:
1514:
1019:
979:
845:
638:
378:
248:
664:. Thessaly was also reconquered by Andronikos III during this period.
2132:
1989:
1871:
1643:
1509:
1306:
861:
668:
562:
516:
469:
374:
152:
580:
Andronikos III reorganized and attempted to strengthen the weakened
498:
of 1327, an alliance with tsar Michael Shishman of Bulgaria against
1733:
1504:
1494:
1474:
646:
543:
524:
479:
Empress Irene died on 16/17 August 1324 with no surviving child.
370:
344:
1479:
1469:
1061:
Trebizond: The last Greek Empire of the Byzantine Era: 1204-1461
2780:
1399:
932:, 21437. Παλαιολόγος, Ἀνδρόνικος III. Δούκας Ἄγγελος Κομνηνός.
547:
1191:
Byzantine Empresses: Women and Power in Byzantium AD 527-1204
1114:
Melvani, N., (2018) 'The tombs of the Palaiologan emperors',
534:
Also in 1329, Andronikos III sent a naval expedition against
353:
His reign included the last failed attempts to hold back the
1024:. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. p. 291.
984:. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. p. 288.
309:
820:
the existence of another daughter, who had been married to
519:
in Asia Minor, historically the provisional capital of the
1043:
1041:
750:. Their marriage produced several children, including:
679:
and other two other strongly fortified castles near-by.
800:–1360), Andronikos also had an illegitimate daughter,
429:, began reigning in full imperial style as co-emperor
844:, aged 44, on 15 June 1341, possibly due to chronic
476:
between the two monarchs in the years 1321 to 1328.
3369:
3335:
3279:
3233:
3197:
3166:
3130:
3077:
3036:
3010:
2989:
2973:
2957:
2941:
2925:
2909:
2699:
2145:
2042:
1925:
1752:
1590:
1438:
738:In 1326, Andronikos III married as his second wife
279:
269:
259:
247:
225:
189:
175:
159:
133:
129:
116:
106:
96:
86:
78:
71:
32:
1102:
789:According to the contemporary Byzantine historian
637:Andronikos III meanwhile effected the recovery of
1317:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 976.
487:in 1324. Andronikos III, then a widower, married
483:, sister of Andronikos III, married the new tsar
1141:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
781:Irene (renamed Maria) Palaiologina, who married
653:and a handful of ports under Byzantine control.
1301:. Vol. 2 (9th ed.). 1878. p. 23.
832:from her husband's court in late 1332 or 1334.
314:; 25 March 1297 – 15 June 1341), commonly
3445:Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Ottoman wars
1265:Prosopographisches Lexikon der Palaiologenzeit
812:from 1340 to 1341. The contemporary traveller
727:Andronikos III was first married in 1318 with
454:she gave birth to a son, who died in infancy.
311:Andrónikos Doúkās Ángelos Komnēnós Palaiológos
300:Ἀνδρόνικος Δούκας Ἄγγελος Κομνηνός Παλαιολόγος
238:Ἀνδρόνικος Δούκας Ἄγγελος Κομνηνός Παλαιολόγος
231:Andronikos Doukas Angelos Komnenos Palaiologos
3307:Sophia Palaiologina, Grand Princess of Moscow
2792:
1411:
8:
3069:Maria Palaiologina, Khatun of the Ilkhanate
1174:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
649:, who took Nicomedia in 1337, leaving only
3148:Theodora Palaiologina, Empress of Bulgaria
2799:
2785:
2777:
1922:
1418:
1404:
1396:
1321:
1244:The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261-1453
660:in 1337, regaining Byzantine control from
47:
29:
1247:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1221:
3402:who are independently notable are shown.
3302:Helena Palaiologina, Despotess of Serbia
3174:Irene Palaiologina, Empress of Trebizond
1201:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
714:
641:in 1334 from the last Genoese governor,
401:, and his closest friend and supporter,
3189:Irene Palaiologina, Empress of Bulgaria
3044:Irene Palaiologina, Empress of Bulgaria
1063:, 1926 (Chicago: Argonaut, 1969), p. 46
1047:
913:
3343:Maria Palaiologina, Princess of Vereya
3143:Anna Palaiologina, Despotess of Epirus
445:Henry I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
405:, leading to the establishment of the
369:, but also the successful recovery of
222:
3153:Irene Palaiologina, Byzantine Empress
3117:Simonis Palaiologina, Queen of Serbia
946:. London: Picador. pp. 131–132.
622:, entrusted with the governorship of
573:and the other few Byzantine forts in
326:from 1328 to 1341. He was the son of
7:
3435:Byzantine people of Armenian descent
3292:Helena Palaiologina, Queen of Cyprus
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
3158:Maria Palaiologina, Queen of Serbia
816:(1304–1368/69) also records in his
755:Maria (renamed Eirene) Palaiologina
748:Marie of Brabant, Countess of Savoy
733:Henry I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
723:of Andronikos II and Andronikos III
500:Stephen Uroš III Dečanski of Serbia
27:Byzantine emperor from 1328 to 1341
1138:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
1116:Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies
1082:. University of California Press.
439:In March 1318, Andronikos married
40:Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans
25:
591:defeated Byzantine forces at the
64:Württembergische Landesbibliothek
886:
808:and took over the throne of the
705:Universal Justices of the Romans
393:that resulted in the disastrous
336:rebelled against his grandfather
3440:14th-century Byzantine emperors
1156:Bosch, Ursula Victoria (1965),
1006:Byzantium: The Decline and Fall
929:
802:Irene Palaiologina of Trebizond
628:Stephen Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia
626:, deserted to the side of king
425:on 25 March 1297. His father,
3002:Theodora Angelina Palaiologina
1103:Lascaratos & Marketos 1997
874:Byzantine civil war of 1341–47
1:
2949:Andronikos Doukas Palaiologos
1160:(in German), Adolf M. Hakkert
1079:The Adventures of Ibn Battuta
794:
494:Andronikos III concluded the
448:
430:
852:after lying in state at the
485:Michael Shishman of Bulgaria
310:
1326:Andronikos III Palaiologos
944:The Travels of Ibn Battutah
759:Michael Asen IV of Bulgaria
630:and aided their advance in
597:Michael Asen IV of Bulgaria
204:Irene, Empress of Trebizond
196:
3471:
3455:Sons of Byzantine emperors
3450:People from Constantinople
3261:Constantine XI Palaiologos
3138:Andronikos III Palaiologos
3018:Irene Komnene Palaiologina
2691:Constantine XI Palaiologos
2642:Andronikos III Palaiologos
2529:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
1214:10.1177/014107689709000215
902:List of Byzantine emperors
589:Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria
320:Andronicus III Palaeologus
299:
292:Andronikos III Palaiologos
237:
82:24 May 1328 – 15 June 1341
33:Andronikos III Palaiologos
18:Andronicus III Palaeologus
3396:
3205:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
3049:Andronikos II Palaiologos
2819:
2767:
2664:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
2632:Andronikos II Palaiologos
2457:Constantine IX Monomachos
1384:
1365:
1357:
1352:
1324:
1021:The Late Medieval Balkans
981:The Late Medieval Balkans
744:Amadeus V, Count of Savoy
569:). Andronikos III wanted
463:Andronikos II Palaiologos
389:. His early death left a
340:Andronikos II Palaiologos
230:
221:
101:Andronikos II Palaiologos
46:
37:
3287:Andronikos V Palaiologos
3023:Michael VIII Palaiologos
2627:Michael VIII Palaiologos
848:, and was buried in the
3349:Constantine Palaiologos
3251:Theodore II Palaiologos
3090:Constantine Palaiologos
3054:Constantine Palaiologos
3028:John Doukas Palaiologos
2482:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
2116:Tiberius II Constantine
1314:Encyclopædia Britannica
1298:Encyclopædia Britannica
1292:"Andronicus III."
1189:Garland, Lynda (1999).
894:Byzantine Empire portal
840:Andronikos III died at
746:and of his second wife
538:, Genoese ruler of the
531:on 10 or 15 June 1329.
515:Ottoman Turks besieged
421:Andronikos was born in
3377:Palaeologus-Montferrat
3256:Andronikos Palaiologos
3215:Theodore I Palaiologos
3105:Palaeologus-Montferrat
3085:Michael IX Palaiologos
2997:Andronikos Palaiologos
2917:Nikephoros Palaiologos
2637:Michael IX Palaiologos
1308:"Andronicus III"
1166:Fine, John Van Antwerp
942:Battutah, Ibn (2002).
804:, who married emperor
783:Francesco I Gattilusio
778:(designated successor)
724:
620:Syrgiannes Palaiologos
610:Stephen Gabrielopoulos
459:Michael IX Palaiologos
427:Michael IX Palaiologos
350:
328:Michael IX Palaiologos
264:Michael IX Palaiologos
163:15 June 1341 (aged 44)
3400:male-line descendants
3266:Demetrios Palaiologos
3246:John VIII Palaiologos
3210:Manuel II Palaiologos
3112:Demetrios Palaiologos
2731:Thessalonian emperors
2725:Trapezuntine emperors
2686:John VIII Palaiologos
2681:Manuel II Palaiologos
2652:John VI Kantakouzenos
2568:Andronikos I Komnenos
2405:Constantine Lekapenos
1433:and empresses regnant
836:Succession and legacy
718:
542:(which also included
481:Theodora Palaiologina
409:and the entry of the
403:John VI Kantakouzenos
348:
208:Maria (renamed Irene)
3355:Fernando Palaiologos
3241:John VII Palaiologos
3100:Theodore Palaiologos
3064:Eudokia Palaiologina
3059:Theodore Palaiologos
2669:John VII Palaiologos
2617:Theodore II Laskaris
2477:Constantine X Doukas
2417:Nikephoros II Phokas
662:Nikephoros II Orsini
602:The Muslim traveler
593:Battle of Rusokastro
3420:Palaiologos dynasty
3361:Andreas Palaiologos
3312:Andreas Palaiologos
3297:Helena Palaiologina
3225:Zampia Palaiologina
3220:Michael Palaiologos
3184:Michael Palaiologos
2981:Alexios Palaiologos
2600:Theodore I Laskaris
2585:Alexios III Angelos
2563:Alexios II Komnenos
2487:Romanos IV Diogenes
2442:Romanos III Argyros
2388:Romanos I Lekapenos
1118:, 42 (2) pp.237-260
1105:, pp. 106–109.
1018:Fine, John (1994).
978:Fine, John (1994).
810:Empire of Trebizond
791:Nicephorus Gregoras
770:Michael Palaiologos
766:(born 18 June 1332)
658:Despotate of Epirus
529:Battle of Pelekanon
496:Treaty of Chernomen
397:between his widow,
216:Michael Palaiologos
3317:Manuel Palaiologos
3271:Thomas Palaiologos
3179:John V Palaiologos
2965:George Palaiologos
2933:George Palaiologos
2719:Britannic emperors
2713:Palmyrene emperors
2647:John V Palaiologos
2590:Alexios IV Angelos
2539:Constantine Doukas
2534:Alexios I Komnenos
2522:Constantine Doukas
2505:Michael VII Doukas
2467:Michael VI Bringas
2033:Romulus Augustulus
1656:Trebonianus Gallus
1649:Herennius Etruscus
1431:Byzantine emperors
1133:Kazhdan, Alexander
858:John V Palaiologos
806:Basil of Trebizond
764:John V Palaiologos
729:Irene of Brunswick
725:
692:John Kantakouzenos
555:Battle of Velbazhd
441:Irene of Brunswick
413:into the Balkans.
361:and the defeat at
351:
212:John V Palaiologos
180:Irene of Brunswick
111:John V Palaiologos
3407:
3406:
3387:Paleologus-Pesaro
3107:
2878:(1390; 1403–1408)
2774:
2773:
2612:John III Vatatzes
2558:Manuel I Komnenos
2297:Michael I Rangabe
2141:
2140:
1983:Petronius Maximus
1582:Severus Alexander
1550:Septimius Severus
1394:
1393:
1385:Succeeded by
1368:Byzantine emperor
1181:978-0-472-08260-5
1089:978-0-520-24385-9
1031:978-0-472-08260-5
991:978-0-472-08260-5
850:Hodegon Monastery
643:Domenico Cattaneo
540:Lordship of Chios
324:Byzantine emperor
308:
289:
288:
243:
242:
73:Byzantine emperor
16:(Redirected from
3462:
3382:Asen Palaiologos
3322:Hass Murad Pasha
3122:John Palaiologos
3103:
3095:John Palaiologos
2813:Byzantine Empire
2801:
2794:
2787:
2778:
2622:John IV Laskaris
2595:Alexios V Doukas
2580:Isaac II Angelos
2546:John II Komnenos
2472:Isaac I Komnenos
2432:Constantine VIII
2422:John I Tzimiskes
2149:Byzantine Empire
1923:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1397:
1358:Preceded by
1348:
1341:
1322:
1318:
1310:
1302:
1294:
1279:
1258:
1239:Nicol, Donald M.
1234:
1225:
1194:
1185:
1161:
1152:
1119:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1070:
1064:
1059:William Miller,
1057:
1051:
1045:
1036:
1035:
1015:
1009:
1002:
996:
995:
975:
958:
957:
939:
933:
927:
896:
891:
890:
889:
799:
796:
697:megas domestikos
536:Martino Zaccaria
527:defeated at the
521:Byzantine Empire
511:Military history
453:
450:
435:
432:
313:
303:
301:
284:Eastern Orthodox
239:
223:
200:
170:Byzantine Empire
144:Byzantine Empire
51:
30:
21:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3392:
3365:
3336:15th generation
3331:
3280:14th generation
3275:
3234:13th generation
3229:
3198:12th generation
3193:
3167:11th generation
3162:
3131:10th generation
3126:
3073:
3032:
3006:
2985:
2969:
2953:
2937:
2921:
2905:
2815:
2805:
2775:
2770:
2763:
2707:Gallic emperors
2695:
2383:Constantine VII
2164:Constantine III
2151:
2148:
2137:
2046:
2038:
1977:Valentinian III
1965:Constantius III
1959:Priscus Attalus
1943:Constantine III
1929:
1921:
1811:Valerius Valens
1756:
1748:
1594:
1586:
1545:Didius Julianus
1525:Marcus Aurelius
1442:
1434:
1424:
1390:
1373:
1371:
1363:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1327:
1305:
1289:
1286:
1276:
1261:
1255:
1237:
1197:
1188:
1182:
1164:
1155:
1149:
1131:
1128:
1123:
1122:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1097:
1090:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1058:
1054:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1003:
999:
992:
977:
976:
961:
954:
941:
940:
936:
928:
915:
910:
892:
887:
885:
882:
838:
797:
713:
689:
687:Domestic policy
513:
508:
451:
433:
419:
332:Rita of Armenia
274:Rita of Armenia
232:
214:
210:
206:
194:
193:
182:
164:
146:
138:
92:2 February 1325
67:
58:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3468:
3466:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3412:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3384:
3379:
3373:
3371:
3370:Cadet branches
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3352:
3346:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3081:
3079:
3078:9th generation
3075:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3040:
3038:
3037:8th generation
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3011:7th generation
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2993:
2991:
2990:6th generation
2987:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2977:
2975:
2974:5th generation
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2961:
2959:
2958:4th generation
2955:
2954:
2952:
2951:
2945:
2943:
2942:3rd generation
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2929:
2927:
2926:2nd generation
2923:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2913:
2911:
2910:1st generation
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2900:Constantine XI
2897:
2891:
2885:
2879:
2873:
2867:
2859:
2851:
2845:
2842:Andronikos III
2839:
2833:
2827:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2781:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2728:
2722:
2716:
2710:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2666:
2661:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2543:
2531:
2526:
2502:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2462:Theodora (III)
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2358:
2353:
2341:
2329:
2324:
2312:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2277:Constantine VI
2274:
2269:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2241:Theodosius III
2238:
2233:
2228:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2186:Constantine IV
2183:
2178:
2166:
2161:
2155:
2153:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2050:
2048:
2044:Eastern Empire
2040:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2029:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2005:
1998:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1974:
1967:
1962:
1955:
1939:
1933:
1931:
1927:Western Empire
1920:
1919:
1912:
1900:Magnus Maximus
1896:
1894:Valentinian II
1891:
1886:
1881:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1828:
1826:Constantius II
1823:
1821:Constantine II
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1760:
1758:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1689:
1684:
1676:
1671:
1653:
1641:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1598:
1596:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1520:Antoninus Pius
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1446:
1444:
1443:27 BC – AD 235
1436:
1435:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1415:
1408:
1400:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1383:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1353:Regnal titles
1350:
1349:
1328:
1325:
1320:
1319:
1303:
1285:
1284:External links
1282:
1281:
1280:
1274:
1259:
1253:
1235:
1208:(2): 106–109,
1195:
1186:
1180:
1162:
1153:
1147:
1135:, ed. (1991).
1127:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1107:
1095:
1088:
1065:
1052:
1050:, p. 231.
1037:
1030:
1010:
997:
990:
959:
952:
934:
912:
911:
909:
906:
905:
904:
898:
897:
881:
878:
842:Constantinople
837:
834:
830:Constantinople
787:
786:
779:
767:
761:
757:, who married
742:, daughter of
731:, daughter of
712:
709:
688:
685:
582:Byzantine navy
512:
509:
507:
504:
443:, daughter of
423:Constantinople
418:
415:
411:Ottoman Empire
407:Serbian Empire
296:Medieval Greek
287:
286:
281:
277:
276:
271:
267:
266:
261:
257:
256:
251:
245:
244:
241:
240:
234:Medieval Greek
228:
227:
219:
218:
201:
187:
186:
177:
173:
172:
166:Constantinople
161:
157:
156:
140:Constantinople
135:
131:
130:
127:
126:
120:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
90:
84:
83:
80:
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69:
68:
52:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3467:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3401:
3395:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2870:Andronikos IV
2868:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2830:Andronikos II
2828:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2802:
2797:
2795:
2790:
2788:
2783:
2782:
2779:
2766:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2493:
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2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
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2458:
2455:
2453:
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2428:
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2420:
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2407:
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2401:
2400:
2395:
2394:
2389:
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2384:
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2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2344:Theodora (II)
2342:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2252:
2251:Constantine V
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2236:Anastasius II
2234:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2059:Theodosius II
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1917:
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1910:
1909:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1867:Valentinian I
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1848:
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1845:
1841:
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1814:
1812:
1809:
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1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1790:
1789:Constantine I
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1779:Constantius I
1777:
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1770:
1767:
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1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
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3137:
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2824:Michael VIII
2674:Andronikos V
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2306:
2300:
2287:Nikephoros I
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2255:
2222:
2219:Justinian II
2214:Tiberius III
2204:Justinian II
2195:
2189:
2172:
2124:
2096:Anastasius I
2087:
2031:
2027:Julius Nepos
2019:
2012:
2000:
1988:
1981:
1969:
1957:
1948:
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1889:Theodosius I
1876:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1806:Maximinus II
1793:
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1678:
1665:
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1530:Lucius Verus
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1193:. Routledge.
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826:Golden Horde
817:
788:
773:
737:
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695:
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675:river, with
666:
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651:Philadelphia
636:
624:Thessalonica
618:
608:
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586:
579:
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533:
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478:
467:
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438:
420:
391:power vacuum
365:against the
352:
319:
291:
290:
195:
123:
118:Proclamation
38:
3430:1341 deaths
3425:1297 births
3327:Mesih Pasha
2902:(1449–1453)
2896:(1425–1448)
2890:(1391–1425)
2884:(1403–1407)
2872:(1376–1379)
2865:(1353–1357)
2857:(1347–1354)
2850:(1341–1391)
2844:(1328–1341)
2838:(1295–1320)
2832:(1282–1328)
2826:(1259–1282)
2809:Palaiologoi
2733:(1224–1242)
2727:(1204–1461)
2516:Konstantios
2393:Christopher
2366:Constantine
2356:Michael III
2337:Constantine
2320:Constantine
2302:Theophylact
2231:Philippicus
2181:Constans II
2106:Justinian I
2002:Severus III
1950:Constans II
1704:Claudius II
1680:Silbannacus
1627:Gordian III
1602:Maximinus I
1570:Diadumenian
1381:(1325–1328)
1331:Palaiologos
822:Öz Beg Khan
814:Ibn Battuta
798: 1295
604:Ibn Battuta
452: 1321
434: 1295
254:Palaiologos
97:Predecessor
3414:Categories
2836:Michael IX
2510:Andronikos
2498:Nikephoros
2447:Michael IV
2412:Romanos II
2332:Theophilos
2327:Michael II
2308:Staurakios
2292:Staurakios
2264:Nikephoros
2257:Artabasdos
2169:Heraclonas
2126:Theodosius
2084:Basiliscus
1844:Nepotianus
1837:Magnentius
1831:Constans I
1784:Severus II
1764:Diocletian
1709:Quintillus
1674:Aemilianus
1667:Volusianus
1612:Gordian II
1577:Elagabalus
1440:Principate
1126:References
559:Kyustendil
367:Bulgarians
363:Rusokastro
322:, was the
122:1308/1313
88:Coronation
2894:John VIII
2888:Manuel II
2752:Classical
2737:Empresses
2721:(286–296)
2715:(267–273)
2709:(260–274)
2452:Michael V
2378:Alexander
2191:Heraclius
2159:Heraclius
2111:Justin II
2021:Glycerius
2008:Anthemius
1878:Procopius
1816:Martinian
1795:Maxentius
1724:Florianus
1697:Saloninus
1692:Gallienus
1661:Hostilian
1637:Philip II
1607:Gordian I
1555:Caracalla
1490:Vespasian
1485:Vitellius
1372:1321–1341
1241:(1993) .
1076:(2005) .
1004:Norwich.
721:basilikon
677:Strumitsa
632:Macedonia
571:Nicomedia
474:civil war
395:civil war
316:Latinized
305:romanized
107:Successor
60:Stuttgart
55:miniature
2876:John VII
2747:Usurpers
2742:Augustae
2700:See also
2605:Nicholas
2427:Basil II
2224:Tiberius
2209:Leontius
2197:Tiberius
2174:Tiberius
2152:610–1453
2147:Eastern/
2101:Justin I
2054:Arcadius
2014:Olybrius
1996:Majorian
1937:Honorius
1916:Eugenius
1851:Vetranio
1801:Licinius
1774:Galerius
1769:Maximian
1754:Dominate
1744:Numerian
1714:Aurelian
1687:Valerian
1632:Philip I
1622:Balbinus
1617:Pupienus
1565:Macrinus
1540:Pertinax
1535:Commodus
1500:Domitian
1465:Claudius
1460:Caligula
1455:Tiberius
1450:Augustus
1168:(1994).
880:See also
775:despotes
614:Thessaly
575:Anatolia
557:(modern
383:Thessaly
359:Bithynia
280:Religion
149:Istanbul
2863:Matthew
2855:John VI
2811:of the
2757:Eastern
2657:Matthew
2551:Alexios
2399:Stephen
2361:Basil I
2246:Leo III
2121:Maurice
2064:Marcian
2047:395–610
1971:Joannes
1930:395–480
1884:Gratian
1757:284–610
1739:Carinus
1719:Tacitus
1595:235–285
1515:Hadrian
1333:dynasty
1232:9068444
1223:1296151
846:malaria
824:of the
719:Silver
639:Phocaea
379:Phocaea
307::
197:more...
2848:John V
2519:&
2495:&
2402:&
2373:Leo VI
2349:Thekla
2305:&
2272:Leo IV
2194:&
2133:Phocas
2089:Marcus
2074:Leo II
1990:Avitus
1907:Victor
1872:Valens
1862:Jovian
1857:Julian
1729:Probus
1664:&
1644:Decius
1592:Crisis
1510:Trajan
1388:John V
1343:
1272:
1251:
1230:
1220:
1178:
1145:
1086:
1028:
1008:p. 284
988:
950:
862:regent
711:Family
673:Struma
669:Hrelja
563:Nicaea
517:Nicaea
470:Thrace
387:Epirus
385:, and
375:Lesbos
270:Mother
260:Father
176:Spouse
153:Turkey
3398:Only
2315:Leo V
2282:Irene
2069:Leo I
1734:Carus
1505:Nerva
1495:Titus
1475:Galba
1427:Roman
1375:with
1345:Died:
1338:Born:
908:Notes
818:Rihla
647:Orhan
567:İznik
544:Samos
525:Orhan
506:Reign
447:. In
371:Chios
249:House
226:Names
191:Issue
147:(now
79:Reign
2807:The
2671:(w.
2654:(w.
2602:(w.
2573:John
2570:(w.
2548:(w.
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1567:(w.
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1480:Otho
1470:Nero
1429:and
1270:ISBN
1249:ISBN
1228:PMID
1176:ISBN
1143:ISBN
1084:ISBN
1026:ISBN
986:ISBN
948:ISBN
546:and
417:Life
330:and
160:Died
134:Born
3389:(?)
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2437:Zoe
1683:(?)
1218:PMC
1210:doi
930:PLP
707:".
548:Cos
357:in
318:as
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