Animal Rights Without Liberation

659:. The question of whether an animal has a right not to be genetically engineered, he suggests, makes no sense, as live animals are not engineered, and embryos have no interests, so cannot have rights. Instead, Cochrane considers whether animals have a right not to have been engineered, arguing that it is not the case that they always do, and that if "genetic engineering gives the animals lives with opportunities for well-being that are similar to or better than ordinary members of their species, then it is ordinarily permissible." Cochrane then addresses four reasons to oppose this claim; first, the notion that genetic engineering instrumentalizes animals, second, the idea that genetic engineering is 1054:, Garner challenges Cochrane on his use of the argument from marginal cases. If animals are assumed to have an equal interest in life as typical humans because marginal humans are, then one could also assume animals to have an equal interest in liberty, because of the assumption of marginal humans' interest in liberty. Cochrane, however, denies that marginal humans are assumed to have a strong interest in liberty. The first part of the argument, Garner observes, assumes that marginal humans are considered to have an equal interest in (or an equal right to) life; this is a claim which Garner challenges, reaching what he considers a more nuanced position than Cochrane's. Nonetheless, the 809:, Cochrane rejects the notion of "superkilling" (that a special wrong is involved in wiping out a species) and the idea of "compensatory justice" (that more is owed to members of endangered species as a form of compensation). Instead, Cochrane argues that unconscious species may have contingent value, and members of rare conscious species may have a stronger right to life due to the interests of humans who will want to see them and the interests of other animals in their ecosystems. Cochrane then argues that animals possess a concrete right not to be killed in order to preserve a favoured ecosystem, whether because of 1009:. Clifton also showed interest in Cochrane's arguments concerned pet-keeping, writing "Cochrane never mentions pit bulls, but his argument is in effect a case for prohibiting pit bull breeding: pit bulls have never been more than 5% of the U.S. dog population, but are 20% of the dogs impounded in cruelty and neglect cases." Boisseau worried that animal activists may find the imprecise positions of "animal rights" or "animal liberation" more useful than Cochrane's comparatively nuanced position, and questioned the extent to which political and legal change could be possible given continued use of animals. 356: 581:, arguing that "animal experiments that result in pain or death are morally illegitimate, while painless experiments in which the animal does not die are permissible, all else being equal." Cochrane discusses how to judge the strength of an interest, and then considers the strength of animals' interests in not being subjected to painful experimentation. He considers three reasons the interest may not be sufficient to ground a right, and rejects them all; that the benefits of animal testing outweigh the suffering, that humans owe more to members of their own species than to members of others 3536: 3406: 691: 981:

of Cochrane's book is to show that there is a coherent, intuitively plausible, and useful notion of animal rights that is firmly rooted in the tangible and avoids the unattractive absolutism of Regan-style rights views". Meijer felt that the book is strong on the application of Cochrane's account, but she expressed concern about Cochrane's rejection of liberty rights for animals, which, she noted, most approaches to animal rights allow. Cochrane's deploys, she noted, a narrow account of animal

781: 887: 365: 557:, is rejected because of its failure to take individuals seriously enough; Cochrane desires an account which takes well-being seriously but is not purely aggregative. This, he suggests, is one based on interest rights. After explicating the details of his interest-based rights approach, Cochrane defends it against the charge that it would result in an unworkably large number of rights, and that rights approaches are too 6445: 703:-keeping, and accepts that humans do have an interest in being able to keep pets, but that this interest is not so strong that it can be satisfied at any cost. He argues that pet-keeping should be regulated far more than it is, perhaps through the need for a license, the granting of which would be dependent on individuals proving their ability to care for the animal's well-being. Cochrane is open to 732:, Cochrane argues that animals do not possess a right not to be kept or displayed, but they do possess a right not to be made to suffer. This imposes limitations on the kinds of animals which can be kept (for instance, large animals could not realistically be kept by traveling circuses), the conditions in which they are kept, and the nature of their performances. 869: 570: 636:

not exist were it not for the human desire for their flesh is irrelevant: it is not clear that creating animals is good for them, and, even if it is, doing a good thing for an animal will not justify subsequently harming them, just as it would not in a human case. Second, Cochrane considers the fact that some animals are killed by

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masked by rhetorical appeals to cross-species equality." Hadley denies that this tension undermines Cochrane's overall argument, writing that it "ought to give no comfort to opponents of animal rights. reasoning, assuming you accept animals matter at all, is as uncontroversial as his writing is accessible."

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in line with orthodox animal rights theory, animals are owed some utility-trumping rights—a right not to suffer and a right not to be killed; but, in line with utilitarianism, wants to promote well-being without giving animals a right to liberty in the sense of outright protection from ownership and

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as a possible exception to this. Cochrane argues against the possibility that freedom of religion is a special interest and should always merit priority, and the idea that equal opportunity should entail religious freedom to harm animals. Finally, Cochrane considers hypocrisy; given that animals are

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may come across as "radically permissive" when compared with those of other animal rights positions. The permissibility of some forms of animal experimentation under Cochrane's account "may shock" supporters of approaches based upon Regan's philosophy. Ebert concluded that "the great accomplishment

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who should possess rights. For Hadley, "only theories that have no truck with commonsense intuitions at all, like Bentham's, are really in a position to place humans and animals on a genuinely equal moral plain. The rest, arguably, are more or less disguised versions of the person-centred orthodoxy

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generally, but says that "the way that these sports are currently organized and practiced does involve the routine suffering and death of animals and ought to be condemned as such." Such practices include suffering caused during training and racing, and the killing of animals past their peak or who

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production may be permissible under certain circumstances, provided animals are not killed or made to suffer, and, equally, animal corpses could be used provided that the animals have died naturally. Three counter arguments are considered. First, Cochrane contends that the fact farmed animals would

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it also be permitted on human non-persons, such as babies or individuals with certain cognitive disabilities. Like most others, Cochrane is unwilling to allow this possibility, and so claims that animals have a right not to be used in deadly experiments. However, he argues that animals have neither

589:

and that human lives are objectively more valuable than the lives of other animals. Cochrane concludes that animals have a concrete right to not be subjected to painful experiments. He next considers animals' interests in not being killed, concluding that they "have an interest in continued life so

513:

is required for moral value, but Cochrane observes that there may be nonhuman animals who could be considered persons. In any case, it is argued that there are good reasons not to agree with Kant, and Cochrane concludes that there is no reason to limit the possession of moral status to humans. What

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which Garner endorses—the enhanced sentience position—is close to Cochrane's interest-based rights position. Garner himself identifies differences between his thought and Cochrane's in their respective use of the argument from marginal cases and the fact that Garner offers a nonideal theory, while

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Clifton and Ebert, too, focussed on Cochrane's attempt to find and conceptualise a middle ground between the work of Regan (who advocates animal rights) and Singer (who advocates animal welfare from a utilitarian perspective), and Meijer praised it for identifying a conceptual space between animal

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to be the application of a Razian framework of rights to animals, adding that "assuming that one takes philosophical reasoning seriously, there is little to take issue with in Cochrane's analysis". However, for Hadley, there is a fundamental tension in Cochrane's theory, as there is in most animal

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was to "decouple animal rights and animal liberation". Cochrane claims that not only is an alternative to the Regan/Singer dichotomy possible, but it is preferable. He argues that, though his theory would allow the use and ownership of animals in certain circumstances, the theory would nonetheless

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In chapter seven, Cochrane approaches issues relating to animals and the environment. He first argues for the importance of this kind of analysis, before saying that, under the interest-based rights approach, non-conscious entities (including species, ecosystems and plants) cannot be understood to

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In the final chapter on the application of the interest-based rights approach, Cochrane analyses the use of animals in cultural practices, considering the importance of culture, religion and a concern about hypocrisy. Cochrane first looks at the possibility that humans have an interest in culture

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characterises the use of interest-based rights as a close-to-defining feature of the literature exploring the intersections of political theory and animal ethics; this literature has been variously referred to as the "political turn" in animal rights/animal ethics, "Animal Politics" and "animal

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of how well they were taken care of. If we believe that human nonpersons have a right not to be treated in such a degrading manner, then so do nonhuman animal nonpersons." Boisseau, too, found the aspect of Cochrane's thought dealing with "people with mental disabilities" to be "objectionable".

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Ebert felt that the "rather disconcerting" element of Cochrane's thought concerning nonautonomous humans was dealt with too quickly in the book, saying that "controversy would be certain if infants or the seriously mentally disabled were regarded as property or put up for display in human zoos,

687:, as he is concerned not with equal capacities between members of a species, but equal opportunities for well-being. Finally, Cochrane considers the possibility of engineering nonsentient, non-conscious livestock, arguing that, ordinarily, there is no wrong in engineering nonconscious entities. 1016:

as "ragmatic, insightful, rational, iconoclastic, informed and informative". It was described as "thoughtful and thought-provoking, making it a welcome and highly recommended addition to personal and academic library Contemporary Ethics reference collections and supplemental reading lists." In

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have a right not to have been engineered. He argues that animals have a right not to be engineered such that they have lives not worth living. He then rejects some reasons for believing that animals have a right not to be engineered with diseases or disabilities, but concludes that they do, as

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as a basis for the moral status of the environment, but instead defends the environment on welfare grounds. Though he rejects the notion that wild animals might own the land on which they live, Cochrane concludes that we have strict environmental obligations due to the rights and interests of

652:. These animals, he suggests, are killed for human survival, but as fewer are killed than would be killed were humans eating meat, they do not possess a concrete right to life. Despite this, political communities must take steps to ensure that fewer animals are killed in harvest. 985:; "it is", she argued, "problematic to view humans as autonomous agents and other animals as nonautonomous others". Cochrane's view of animals as non-autonomous, she argued, is emphasised by the absence of an account of relationships and communication between humans and animals. 715:

pets is argued to be neither a violation of their rights nor a requirement, but anyone who does not have their pets neutered would be required to ensure the wellbeing of any offspring. The same requirements as were established in the chapter on genetic engineering are applied to

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The strength of an interest is determined by a consideration of the value of something to an individual (though this is not understood purely subjectively) and the relationship between the individual at this time and the individual when he or she has the interest satisfied

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Cochrane's "interest-based rights approach" is the method utilised in the book to examine various ways in which animals are used by humans. Rights set limits on what can be done, even in the pursuit of aggregative well-being. The animal rights outlined by philosopher

268:, the former of whom suggested the title which was used for the book. The arguments in the book differ from the arguments in the thesis, however, and in preparing the manuscript for publication, Cochrane drew upon the advice of a number of academics, especially 694:

Cochrane condemns current practices in horse racing. He notes that the UK industry spends only £250,000 a year caring for retired animals, a sum he calls "pathetic", given the horses' interest in life and avoiding suffering and the profits the industry

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harmed in many practices, there may be a problem in disallowing certain religious practices. However, this does not make the religious practices more permissible, and seems to presuppose that these other practices will not themselves face censure.

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rights and animal liberation. Clifton suggested that Cochrane's thought is actually closer to Regan's. Boisseau, though, suggested that, given that Cochrane allows some use of animals in entertainment and genetic engineering, the arguments of

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have "incredibly radical" consequences if applied. The book has aimed to persuade people of the importance of animal rights, and thus serve as "democratic underlabouring". This democratic underlabouring, Cochrane claims, is essential for the

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to give grounds for holding another to be under a duty". Judging this entails considering the strength of an interest as well as "all other considerations"; so, for example, while individuals may have a very strong interest in

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engineered animals have an interest "in having been engineered with sufficient opportunities for well-being", an interest which is strong enough to ground a concrete right. However, Cochrane argues that he is not advocating

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In addition to presenting ideas used in the book at meetings of the Political Theory Group at LSE, Cochrane published an article entitled "Animal interests and animal experiments: An interest-based approach" in the journal

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use by humans. Cochrane thus successfully 'decouples' the rights-utilitarian dichotomy and locates his theory in the middle ground between the two. You might say he gives with one hand while taking away with the other.

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mandate liberation, was quoted as saying that "It would be an understatement to say that I disagree with Cochrane but he does a fine job presenting the argument and his book will surely provoke debate and discussion."

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all used the language of interest rights. Garner adds that "what Cochrane does, unlike Sapontzis, is to draw what I think are the correct conclusions from the adoption of an interest-based theory of animal rights".

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animals possess a right not to be made to suffer and a right not to be killed, but not a right to freedom. The book's chapters apply Cochrane's account to a number of interactions between humans and animals; first

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nonhuman animals are. Sentience alone does not afford moral status, but sentience implies the capacity for well-being; sentient beings have lives that can go better or worse for them. Enlightenment philosopher

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is also challenged, and objections that this infringes on human liberty, that many humans would lose their jobs and that flesh-consumption is necessary for human health are all considered and rejected.

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do not display the requisite skills. Before concluding the chapter, Cochrane considers, but rejects, three possible objections to any use of animals in entertainment: first, by appeal to a concept of

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claim that interference will do more harm than good, instead suggesting that nonhuman predators need to kill to survive, but humans do not. Third, he considers the fact that animals are killed in the

411:'X has a right' if and only if X can have rights and, other things being equal, an aspect of X's well-being (his interest) is a sufficient reason for holding some other person(s) to be under a duty. 3290: 545:

At this point, Cochrane has completed the first two steps introducing his interest-based rights approach; the third is outlining the approach itself as the appropriate means of understanding

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as his example, or outweigh animal interests in not being killed, even if this entails the destruction of cultures "defined entirely by the grave harm to animals". The human interest in

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of animal rights versus animal welfare, both seeing the work as an important contribution to the literature for this reason. Francione, an advocate for an animal rights approach which

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concerning animals killed in crop harvest, and observed that, other than a hypothetical openness towards ethically produced eggs and dairy, Cochrane's arguments would seem to favour

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for being the first sustained attempt to use an interest-based theory of rights for animals, and the first to use such a theory to challenge animals' right to liberty. In his 2013

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rights literature. In denying that animals possess the psychological capacities to value freedom, Cochrane undermines the challenge to orthodox rights theory that it is not only

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that they may have more pleasant experiences and greater overall well-being in their lives", but that this interest is weaker than the corresponding interest possessed by human

322:

was published by Columbia University Press, as part of the series Critical Perspectives on Animals: Theory, Culture, Science, and Law. The series, edited by the legal scholar

226:. Critics from a variety of backgrounds responded positively to the book, focussing on how Cochrane had found a middle ground between traditional animal rights philosophy and 500:, understood as "the capacity for phenomenal consciousness". No position is taken on precisely how many animals are sentient, but, Cochrane argues, it is clear that at least 403:. For Cochrane and other critics, this basis can seem "mysterious". Instead, Cochrane suggests that rights should be grounded in interests, and follows legal philosopher 3704: 2778: 440:

rights can translate into concrete rights when considered in particular situations but do not always, as the free expression example illustrates. The account is for

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Cochrane argues that while animals have no right against being used in painless experiments, they do have a right not to be killed or made to suffer in experiments.

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Having outlined his methodological approach, Cochrane goes on to apply his theory to a number of ways that animals are used by society. First, Cochrane considers

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Garner has also criticised Cochrane's rejection of liberty rights for animals; others to challenge this include Hadley and the philosophers Andreas T. Schmidt,

777:, whether or not harm is caused; and third, that the use of animals in entertainment implies ownership, and animals have a right not to be considered property. 707:

pets, but only in cases when medical care could not give them a chance at further good experiences. In these cases, providing medical care would be necessary (

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philosophy by the adoption of the interest-based rights approach. Cochrane, arguing that there is no reason that (nonhuman) animals should be excluded from

5671: 5615: 432:. The greater interest of the victim of slander can outweigh the interest in free expression, and so context is important. This is the difference between 5342: 6471: 5755: 1059:

Cochrane does not. Garner also questions the extent to which Cochrane is right that his reliance on interest rights is new, suggesting that Feinberg,

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Hadley closed his review by considering the book's middle ground between traditional rights theory and utilitarianism, writing that, for Cochrane

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of animal rights. Relatedly, Cochrane firmly rejects violent interventions on behalf of animals as counterproductive, immoral and illegitimate.

6752: 3801: 618:. Cochrane argues that animals possess concrete rights not to be made to suffer or be killed while being raised for food. The book argues that 6012: 5600: 5525: 3937: 3714: 3669: 3072: 1151: 1136: 1121: 444:, and Cochrane's normative claims are intended to form part of a "democratic underlaboring", informing and persuading political communities. 5743: 5282: 4030: 6747: 6167: 4377: 2981: 286:. Cochrane continued to work on questions of animal rights after the completion of his doctorate, publishing articles on the subject in 622:

inflicts suffering upon the animals used, and this suffering outweighs the cost to humans of not using the method. Killing animals for

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on account of their interests. Cochrane then deals with four possible objections. Interest rights are defended against the claim that

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right to freedom. They do, however, possess significant interests in not being made to suffer and in not being killed, and so have a

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have rights; he then defends the necessity of consciousness for the possession of interests. Cochrane considers, but rejects, the

460:, including many nonhuman animals and some humans, do not have an interest in liberty or not being used by others, and so have no 5655: 5485: 5312: 4387: 4382: 3812: 6762: 6737: 5972: 5725: 5610: 4824: 4410: 4305: 3417: 3125: 398: 2782: 5948: 4315: 4025: 3694: 2810: 282:

in 2006. This article won the journal's second annual Postgraduate Essay Prize, and formed the basis of the third chapter of

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of animals. Cochrane finds none of these arguments reason to abandon the principle. Cochrane considers whether animals may

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outweigh other rights. He then argues the human interest culture cannot outweigh animal interests in not suffering, using

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Cochrane argues that a human interest in culture cannot outweigh animal interests in not suffering or being killed, using

5687: 5645: 5465: 4864: 3795: 3740: 3565: 2909: 595: 542:, that animals do not possess interests, and against the idea that inanimate entities and plants may possess interests. 493: 158: 3369:——; Ward, Caleb (2016). "Animal rights and food: Beyond Regan, beyond vegan". In Rawlinson, Mary C. (ed.). 6143: 5932: 5560: 5510: 4199: 3674: 3619: 2879:

Boisseau, Will (2014). "Animal Rights without Liberation: Applied Ethics and Human Obligations by Alasdair Cochrane".

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A number of subsequent thinkers have deployed interest-based rights for animals, drawing upon Cochrane's work.

930: 910: 6299: 6271: 3550:(2014). "Introducing animal politics and political animals". In Wissenburg, Marcel; Schlosberg, David (eds.). 6420: 6191: 6095: 5908: 5884: 5761: 5640: 5595: 5490: 5377: 5186: 3867: 3785: 3089: 1055: 3535: 3405: 6448: 6393: 5940: 5515: 5475: 5429: 5347: 5302: 5171: 4829: 4814: 4468: 4045: 3664: 3612: 1088: 852: 578: 257: 175: 1083:

for animals in a 2016 paper. As of 2016, Cochrane is working on a book on the topic of animal rights and

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rights and concrete rights. The former exist on an abstract level outside of particular circumstances.

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Milburn, Josh (2015). "Protection for the sentient in the nonideal world: A review of Robert Garner's

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Ahlhaus, Svenja; Niesen, Peter (2015). "What is Animal Politics? Outline of a new research agenda".

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respectively, while the sociologists Mark Suchyta and Luís Cordeiro Rodrigues reviewed the book for

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which outweighs certain interests of animals. He argues that it cannot be the case that culture can

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Chapter six addresses the use of animals in entertainment. Cochrane does not oppose the practice of

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taking the rights of all sentient beings seriously. The book is intended for 2017 or 2018 release.

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Garner, Robert (2011). "In defence of animal sentience: A critique of Cochrane's liberty thesis".

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Feinberg, Joel (1974). "The rights of animals and unborn generations". In W. T. Blackstone (ed.).

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freedom, and, like animals, human non-persons also lack this interest; therefore, neither have a

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Cochrane draws out several aspects of this account, which serves as the basis of the analysis in

309: 179: 147: 6331: 6278: 5868: 5327: 4673: 3035: 208:, and builds upon subjects he had discussed in previous publications, including his first book. 1296: 1294: 6574: 6545: 6510: 6401: 6175: 6135: 6087: 6079: 5964: 5731: 5630: 5605: 5570: 5317: 5226: 5166: 5086: 4538: 4513: 4503: 4483: 4209: 4093: 4002: 3837: 3543: 1147: 1132: 1117: 1075:, and Jason Wyckoff. Cochrane has developed his account in subsequent work, tying his work to 814: 704: 451: 150: 128: 39: 6629: 6345: 6071: 5620: 5287: 5191: 5156: 5146: 5076: 4939: 4879: 4834: 4799: 4703: 4658: 4598: 4548: 4372: 4330: 4290: 4260: 4250: 4245: 4184: 3987: 3750: 3719: 3574: 3547: 3499: 3450: 3357: 3332: 3269: 3240: 3200: 3170: 3104: 2996: 2960: 2924: 2888: 2829: 1162: 1072: 757: 645: 604: 600: 535: 878:

represented a middle ground between animal rights approaches (as advocated by Tom Regan)...

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of animals, the use of animals in entertainment and sport, the relationship of animals to

833:, Cochrane claims, will usually not require the violation of animal interests, but cites 338:

was the second book published as a part of the series, after Francione and Garner's 2010

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in 2009, the latter of which provoked responses from Garner in 2011 and the philosopher

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Painter, Corinne (2014). "The connection between animal rights and animal liberation".

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Hadley found the most important contribution of the theoretical framework laid down in

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is a prerequisite of rights-possession, against the demand that rights be derived from

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was reviewed by the philosophers Corinne Painter, Rainer Ebert and Eva Meijer for the

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After looking at agriculture, Cochrane considers the relationship between animals and

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Animal Oppression and Human Violence: Domesecration, Capitalism, and Global Conflict

3511: 3212: 3138: 1103:, has been repeatedly identified as central to and paradigmatic of this literature. 6686: 6605: 6515: 5555: 5397: 5387: 5236: 5211: 5121: 5116: 5101: 5061: 5051: 4924: 4844: 4839: 4819: 4809: 4804: 4744: 4683: 4678: 4628: 4618: 4608: 4518: 4443: 4300: 4255: 4214: 4176: 4161: 4123: 3942: 3922: 3842: 3361: 3244: 3174: 801: 761: 749: 745: 741: 737: 641: 554: 531: 441: 327: 223: 62: 3503: 3108: 2798: 2779:"Animal Rights Without Liberation: Applied Ethics and Human Obligations – Reviews" 640:. He rejects Regan's claim that intervention is not required when killers are not 3593: 3273: 3059:—— (2016). "Inter-species solidarity: Labour rights for animals". In 1312: 1300: 6119: 5565: 5392: 5382: 5367: 5307: 5141: 5046: 5016: 4991: 4929: 4919: 4708: 4593: 4578: 4563: 4528: 4523: 4493: 4463: 4458: 4270: 4204: 4075: 4050: 3947: 3852: 3847: 2833: 558: 546: 169:'s account of interest rights and extends it to include animals. He argues that 3454: 2860:"BOOKS: Animal Rights Without Liberation: Applied Ethics and Human Obligations" 218:

as the second book in their series Critical Perspectives on Animals, edited by

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CUP, "Critical Perspectives on Animals: Theory, Culture, Science, and Law" n.d

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respectively. The political historian Will Boisseau reviewed the work in the

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right not to be used, provided said use respects the rights they do possess.

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is owed to them. Following a paper on animal rights by political philosopher

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Merritt Clifton for the Animal People website, and an unnamed reviewer for

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Boyer, Kurtis; Scotton, Guy; Svärd, Per-Anders; Wayne, Katherine (2015).

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Animalia Americana: Animal Representations and Biopolitical Subjectivity

2727:"Animal Rights Without Liberation: Applied Ethics and Human Obligations" 1029:. Philosophers Peter Singer and Paula Casal praised work for exposing a 4194: 4148: 3807: 3578: 770: 753: 733: 720:, and Cochrane accepts that this may lead to the extinction of certain 675: 660: 649: 594:. If deadly experimentation on nonhuman non-persons is permitted, then 569: 429: 330:, aims to give direction to the emerging interdisciplinary research in 191: 162: 6569:

Animal Rights Without Liberation: Applied Ethics and Human Obligations

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Animal Rights Without Liberation: Applied Ethics and Human Obligations

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Animal Rights without Liberation: Applied Ethics and Human Obligations

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Animal Rights Without Liberation: Applied Ethics and Human Obligations

6494:

Critical Perspectives on Animals: Theory, Culture, Science, and Law (

3745: 2767:"Critical Perspectives on Animals: Theory, Culture, Science, and Law" 2766: 729: 591: 527: 245: 201: 3485: 3291:"Book Review: Animal Rights Without Liberation by Alasdair Cochrane" 3036:"Cosmozoopolis: The case against group-differentiated animal rights" 6714:

Experiencing Animal Minds: An Anthology of Animal-Human Encounters

3599: 2910:"Animal rights and animal experiments: An interest-based approach" 779: 721: 689: 568: 3229:

Giroux, Valéry (2016). "Animals do have an interest in liberty".

5590: 3604: 3097:

Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy

892:...and animal welfare approaches (as advocated by Peter Singer). 817:. However, control by contraception is argued to be acceptable. 664: 628: 623: 6467: 5817: 5427: 4408: 3646: 3608: 3418:"Episode 24: Labour Rights for Animals with Alasdair Cochrane" 725: 700: 1046:

In a quote used by Columbia University Press, Garner praised

934:, and other reviews were written by Hadley, published on the 312:

in 2010, after having moved to the Department of Politics at

2697: 2653: 773:, which use of the animals undermines; second, an appeal to 3260:

Hadley, John (2013a). "Liberty and valuing sentient life".

2447: 2445: 3323:

Meijer, Eva (2016). "Animal rights, without liberation?".

3186:. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press. pp. 43–68. 1923: 1921: 1025:

with quotes from several academics working in the area of

377:

bases his account of interest-based rights on the work of

1191: 1189: 1187: 496:. For Cochrane, of central importance is the question of 342:

It was published in August 2012 in a variety of formats.

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University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid

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are based on the "inherent value" of individual animals

2693: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2308: 428:, but, "all things considered", this need not protect 5845:

Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes

3563:

Wyckoff, Jason (2014). "Toward justice for animals".

3471:

Rodrigues, Luís Cordeiro (2014). "Alasdair Cochrane;

3126:"Animal Kingdoms: On habitat rights for wild animals" 1269: 1267: 6693:

Flight Ways: Life and Loss at the Edge of Extinction

6625:

Being Animal: Beasts and Boundaries in Nature Ethics

2709: 2677: 2467:

CUP, "Animal Rights Without Liberation – Reviews n.d

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theory in a 2013 paper and developing an account of

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Cochrane's work, especially 874:Many reviewers focussed on how the position of 305:An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory 211:An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory 2618: 2606: 6717:(2012, Julie A. Smith and Robert W. Mitchell) 6479: 3620: 3020:. London, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan. 2689: 2665: 2590: 456:. Cochrane argues that those beings who lack 8: 3710:Moral status of animals in the ancient world 997:Clifton approvingly quoted the arguments in 663:, third, that genetic engineering reveals a 302:in 2013. Cochrane published his first book, 57:Critical Perspectives on Animals (edited by 21: 5672:Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society 5616:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals 3648:Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases) 2781:. Columbia University Press. Archived from 2749:. Columbia University Press. Archived from 2729:. Columbia University Press. Archived from 1313:CUP, "Critical Perspectives on Animals" n.d 1301:CUP, "Animal Rights Without Liberation" n.d 1127:Cloth/Hardback: Cochrane, Alasdair (2012). 6671:Beating Hearts: Abortion and Animal Rights 6530: 6486: 6472: 6464: 6246: 5825: 5814: 5445: 5438: 5424: 4981: 4428: 4419: 4405: 3905: 3654: 3643: 3627: 3613: 3605: 3466:. Oxford, United Kingdom: Clarendon Press. 3318:. London, United Kingdom: Lexington Books. 3029:. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. 27: 20: 5819:Media (books, films, periodicals, albums) 5756:Human Environment Animal Protection Party 3486:"Why animals have an interest in freedom" 2982:"Do animals have an interest in liberty?" 2287: 1243: 1231: 526:, Cochrane suggests that animals possess 5877:Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology 4134:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals 2705: 2649: 2602: 2586: 2451: 2400: 2299: 2251: 2239: 2227: 2215: 2203: 2191: 2179: 2167: 2155: 2143: 2131: 2119: 2107: 2095: 2083: 2071: 2059: 2047: 2035: 2023: 2011: 1999: 1987: 1975: 1963: 1951: 1939: 1927: 1912: 1900: 1888: 1876: 1864: 1852: 1840: 1828: 1816: 1804: 1792: 1780: 1768: 1756: 1744: 1732: 1720: 1708: 1696: 1684: 1672: 1660: 1648: 1636: 1624: 1612: 1600: 1588: 1576: 1564: 1552: 1540: 1528: 1516: 1504: 1492: 1480: 1468: 1456: 1444: 1432: 1420: 1408: 1396: 1384: 1360: 1348: 1336: 1285: 1219: 1207: 1195: 6601:Animals and the Limits of Postmodernism 3725:Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare 2701: 2574: 2550: 2526: 2367: 2337: 2320: 2283: 2263: 1273: 1183: 1161:. New York: Columbia University Press. 1146:. New York: Columbia University Press. 1131:. New York: Columbia University Press. 1116:. New York: Columbia University Press. 1021:, Columbia University Press advertised 711:could be a requirement for a license). 6683:Eat This Book: A Carnivore's Manifesto 3802:Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness 3073:Rowman & Littlefield International 2773:from the original on 20 December 2012. 2698:Cochrane, Garner & O'Sullivan 2016 2654:Cochrane, Garner & O'Sullivan 2016 2630: 2562: 2538: 2514: 2502: 2490: 2478: 2424: 2388: 2271: 1258: 1112:Paperback: Cochrane, Alasdair (2012). 813:of the species or because species are 6013:Political Animals and Animal Politics 5601:Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition 5526:Centre for Animals and Social Justice 3938:Concentrated animal feeding operation 3715:Timeline of animal welfare and rights 3670:Animal rights by country or territory 3552:Political Animals and Animal Politics 3477:Marx & Philosophy Review of Books 3383:"The political turn in animal rights" 3373:. London: Routledge. pp. 284–93. 3371:The Routledge Handbook of Food Ethics 2858:Clifton, Merritt (26 February 2013). 2634: 2436: 2412: 2371: 2267: 926:Marx & Philosophy Review of Books 614:The second considered application is 549:to animals in political communities. 468:right not to be made to suffer and a 7: 5744:Animalist Party with the Environment 4031:Animal testing on non-human primates 6168:Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home 4378:World Day for the End of Speciesism 3184:Philosophy and Environmental Crisis 3069:The Political Turn in Animal Ethics 2946:"Ownership and justice for animals" 2813:from the original on 2 August 2014. 1372: 1157:Online: Cochrane, Alasdair (2012). 1142:E-book: Cochrane, Alasdair (2012). 6293:Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism 5636:United Activists for Animal Rights 5546:Doctors Against Animal Experiments 3685:Animal cruelty–Holocaust analogies 2747:"Critical Perspectives on Animals" 756:. Cochrane is potentially open to 346:The interest-based rights approach 197:The book is based upon Cochrane's 14: 6685:(Dominique Lestel, translated by 5837:On Abstinence from Eating Animals 5797:Animal Rights National Conference 5720:Animal Protection Party of Canada 5677:Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society 5531:Chinese Animal Protection Network 5456:American Anti-Vivisection Society 4935:Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann 3690:Animal rights in Indian religions 3680:Animal rights and punk subculture 3519:Suchyta, Mark (2015). "Review of 3090:"Animal ethics and the political" 518:anything is owed to animals, but 157:philosophy can be decoupled from 22:Animal Rights Without Liberation 6444: 6443: 6005:Animal Rights Without Liberation 5656:Voice for Animals Humane Society 4388:World Day for the End of Fishing 4383:World Day for Laboratory Animals 3813:Equal consideration of interests 3595:Animal Rights Without Liberation 3534: 3404: 3205:10.1111/j.1467-9248.2010.00848.x 3159:Animal Rights Without Liberation 3027:Animal Rights Without Liberation 3001:10.1111/j.1467-9248.2008.00742.x 2710:Wissenburg & Schlosberg 2014 2678:Wissenburg & Schlosberg 2014 1159:Animal Rights Without Liberation 1144:Animal Rights Without Liberation 1129:Animal Rights Without Liberation 1114:Animal Rights Without Liberation 1101:Animal Rights Without Liberation 1048:Animal Rights Without Liberation 1023:Animal Rights Without Liberation 999:Animal Rights Without Liberation 978:Animal Rights Without Liberation 955:Animal Rights Without Liberation 900:Animal Rights Without Liberation 885: 876:Animal Rights Without Liberation 867: 848:Animal Rights Without Liberation 486:Animal Rights Without Liberation 417:Animal Rights Without Liberation 363: 354: 336:Animal Rights Without Liberation 320:Animal Rights Without Liberation 284:Animal Rights Without Liberation 239:Animal Rights Without Liberation 6758:Columbia University Press books 5726:Animal Justice Party of Finland 5611:Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics 4825:Karl Christian Friedrich Krause 4413:(academics, writers, activists) 4306:Monkey selfie copyright dispute 3554:. Basingstoke, United Kingdom: 3346:A Theory of Justice for Animals 3222:A Theory of Justice for Animals 3157:Ebert, Rainer (2015). "Review: 2862:. Animal People. Archived from 1052:A Theory of Justice for Animals 538:, against the suggestion, from 252:(LSE) under the supervision of 5949:Animals, Property, and the Law 4026:Alternatives to animal testing 3695:Christianity and animal rights 3362:10.5406/janimalethics.5.1.0069 3245:10.5406/janimalethics.6.1.0020 3175:10.5406/janimalethics.5.1.0114 514:needs to be considered is not 146:is a 2012 book by the British 16:2012 book by Alasdair Cochrane 1: 6753:Books in political philosophy 5586:Korea Animal Rights Advocates 4296:Cambridge University primates 3828:Ethics of uncertain sentience 3504:10.12759/hsr.40.2015.4.92-109 3109:10.1080/13698230.2016.1194583 2769:. Columbia University Press. 805:sentient animals. Concerning 204:, which was completed at the 153:, in which it is argued that 5646:UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics 3796:Argument from marginal cases 3566:Journal of Social Philosophy 3484:Schmidt, Andreas T. (2015). 3274:10.2979/ethicsenviro.18.1.87 2944:Cochrane, Alasdair (2009a). 419:. First, interests must be " 5933:Morals, Reason, and Animals 5561:Farm Animal Rights Movement 5511:Anonymous for the Voiceless 4200:International primate trade 3675:Anarchism and animal rights 2908:Cochrane, Alasdair (2007). 2834:10.12759/hsr.40.2015.4.7-31 1012:The book was summarised in 6779: 6748:Books by Alasdair Cochrane 6053:Making a Stand for Animals 5925:The Case for Animal Rights 5576:Hunt Saboteurs Association 5536:Cruelty Free International 5506:Anti-Vivisection Coalition 4036:Animal testing regulations 3491:Historical Social Research 3455:10.5840/radphilrev20141719 3262:Ethics and the Environment 3040:Law, Ethics and Philosophy 2821:Historical Social Research 250:London School of Economics 206:London School of Economics 190:and the use of animals in 6743:Books about animal rights 6496:Columbia University Press 6439: 6208:The Ghosts in Our Machine 6045:Animal Ethics in the Wild 5824: 5813: 5481:Animal Legal Defense Fund 5437: 5423: 4780:William Hamilton Drummond 4418: 4404: 4139:Welfare of farmed insects 3766:Animal–industrial complex 3653: 3642: 3442:Radical Philosophy Review 3337:10.1163/15685306-12341412 2965:10.1017/S0953820809990203 2929:10.1007/s11158-007-9037-8 2893:10.1111/1478-9302.12067_8 2799:"The Social Issues Shelf" 2690:Ahlhaus & Niesen 2015 2666:Ahlhaus & Niesen 2015 2591:Ahlhaus & Niesen 2015 1017:addition to a quote from 905:Radical Philosophy Review 241:is based upon Cochrane's 216:Columbia University Press 88:Columbia University Press 26: 6286:Journal of Animal Ethics 6152:Your Mommy Kills Animals 5541:Direct Action Everywhere 4950:Johann Heinrich Winckler 4895:Nathaniel Peabody Rogers 4352:Direct Action Everywhere 4056:Huntingdon Life Sciences 4041:Labcorp Drug Development 3998:Feedback (pork industry) 3963:Intensive animal farming 3700:History of animal rights 3350:Journal of Animal Ethics 3289:—— (2013b). 3232:Journal of Animal Ethics 3163:Journal of Animal Ethics 2980:—— (2009b). 2881:Political Studies Review 940:website, the founder of 931:Political Studies Review 911:Journal of Animal Ethics 596:consistency demands that 472:right not to be killed. 6695:(Thom van Dooren, 2016) 6596:(Colleen Glenney Boggs) 6421:Holocaust on your Plate 6192:An Apology to Elephants 5973:Do Animals Have Rights? 5909:Animals, Men and Morals 5885:Better-World Philosophy 5762:Italian Animalist Party 5641:United Poultry Concerns 5596:Last Chance for Animals 5491:Animal Liberation Front 5378:Maud Ingersoll Probasco 3868:Replaceability argument 3786:Animal-free agriculture 3464:The Morality of Freedom 3314:—— (2015). 3220:—— (2013). 3161:by Alasdair Cochrane". 3034:—— (2013). 3025:—— (2012). 3016:—— (2010). 2843:"Editor's introduction" 1222:, pp. viii, 51–88. 188:environmental practices 6763:English-language books 6738:2012 non-fiction books 6394:Salvation of Innocents 5941:Zoos and Animal Rights 5516:Beauty Without Cruelty 5476:Animal Justice Project 4815:John Zephaniah Holwell 4469:Stephen St. C. Bostock 4046:Great ape research ban 3665:Animal rights movement 3316:Animal Property Rights 1089:international politics 973: 792: 696: 579:animal experimentation 574: 413: 214:. It was published by 176:animal experimentation 6413:Fairs and exhibitions 6300:The Animals' Defender 6272:Cahiers antispécistes 6200:Speciesism: The Movie 6021:Animal (De)liberation 5981:Striking at the Roots 5893:The Universal Kinship 5853:The Rights of Animals 5774:People Animals Nature 5768:Party for the Animals 5581:In Defense of Animals 5343:Nina Douglas-Hamilton 4735:David Renaud Boullier 4321:Silver Spring monkeys 4220:Wild animal suffering 4129:Pain in invertebrates 3968:Intensive pig farming 3858:Opposition to hunting 3823:Ethics of eating meat 3325:Society & Animals 3124:Cooke, Steve (2015). 968: 916:Animals & Society 783: 693: 572: 409: 6674:(Sherry F. Colb and 6029:Sentientist Politics 5957:The Lives of Animals 5708:Animal Justice Party 5521:Born Free Foundation 5358:Lizzy Lind af Hageby 5232:Wendy Turner-Webster 4945:Adam Gottlieb Weigen 4167:Recreational fishing 4008:Ventilation shutdown 3776:Animal protectionism 3756:Animal consciousness 3462:Raz, Joseph (1988). 3387:Politics and Animals 3134:Environmental Values 3080:Cochrane, Alasdair; 2847:Politics and Animals 2809:(10). October 2012. 407:'s formulation that 326:and the philosopher 314:Sheffield University 6648:Interspecies Ethics 6453:( 139 ) 6279:Etica & Animali 6265:Between the Species 5989:An American Trilogy 5682:Humanitarian League 5293:Frances Power Cobbe 4910:Arthur Schopenhauer 4905:Henry Stephens Salt 4785:Edward Payson Evans 4479:Stephen R. L. Clark 4336:War of the currents 4225:Wildlife management 4119:Pain in crustaceans 4114:Pain in cephalopods 3525:Between the Species 3414:O'Sullivan, Siobhan 3086:O'Sullivan, Siobhan 3065:O'Sullivan, Siobhan 2785:on 12 December 2013 2733:on 20 December 2012 2194:, pp. 198–201. 921:Between the Species 831:freedom of religion 657:genetic engineering 248:, completed at the 184:genetic engineering 23: 6216:Unlocking the Cage 6037:Wild Animal Ethics 5861:The Ethics of Diet 5738:Animalist Movement 5714:Animal Politics EU 5626:Sentience Politics 5252:That Vegan Teacher 4870:Siobhan O'Sullivan 4855:José Ferrater Mora 4664:Steve F. Sapontzis 4157:Commercial fishing 4109:Pain in amphibians 4099:Cruelty to animals 4071:Operation Backfire 3910:Animal agriculture 3818:Emotion in animals 3579:10.1111/josp.12077 3556:Palgrave Macmillan 3544:Wissenburg, Marcel 2803:Internet Bookwatch 2481:, pp. 99–100. 2354:Internet Bookwatch 2134:, pp. 188–90. 2074:, pp. 166–70. 2050:, pp. 159–61. 2026:, pp. 142–53. 1990:, pp. 139–40. 1855:, pp. 119–21. 1831:, pp. 107–16. 1783:, pp. 95–102. 1019:Internet Bookwatch 1014:Internet Bookwatch 947:Internet Bookwatch 807:endangered species 793: 697: 650:harvesting process 638:nonhuman predators 616:animal agriculture 575: 553:, as advocated by 488:seeks to decouple 310:Palgrave Macmillan 192:cultural practices 180:animal agriculture 148:political theorist 6725: 6724: 6718: 6702: 6701: 6679: 6656: 6633: 6621: 6609: 6597: 6578: 6575:Alasdair Cochrane 6553: 6546:Gary L. Francione 6511:Gary L. Francione 6461: 6460: 6454: 6435: 6434: 6431: 6430: 6402:Onward to Freedom 6370:Animal Liberation 6355: 6354: 6176:Forks Over Knives 6128:Peaceable Kingdom 6088:Shores of Silence 6080:A Cow at My Table 5965:Eternal Treblinka 5917:Animal Liberation 5809: 5808: 5805: 5804: 5696: 5695: 5631:Uncaged Campaigns 5606:Mercy for Animals 5571:Great Ape Project 5486:Animal Liberation 5432:(groups, parties) 5419: 5418: 5415: 5414: 5411: 5410: 5318:Elizabeth Farians 5227:Christine Townend 5167:Heather Nicholson 5097:Brigitte Gothière 5087:Antoine Goetschel 4973: 4972: 4634:Charles Patterson 4539:Gary L. Francione 4514:Josephine Donovan 4504:Daniel Dombrowski 4484:Alasdair Cochrane 4400: 4399: 4396: 4395: 4279: 4278: 4210:Predation problem 4094:Animal euthanasia 4003:Foam depopulation 3838:Insects in ethics 3548:Schlosberg, David 3416:(1 August 2016). 3193:Political Studies 2989:Political Studies 2694:Boyer et al. 2015 2505:, pp. 154–9. 2493:, pp. 144–5. 2403:, pp. 404–5. 2254:, pp. 208–9. 2230:, pp. 205–7. 2182:, pp. 198–9. 2170:, pp. 195–8. 2158:, pp. 193–5. 2146:, pp. 190–2. 2122:, pp. 186–8. 2110:, pp. 184–6. 2098:, pp. 174–9. 2086:, pp. 170–3. 2062:, pp. 162–6. 2038:, pp. 157–9. 2014:, pp. 140–1. 1978:, pp. 136–9. 1966:, pp. 134–6. 1954:, pp. 132–4. 1942:, pp. 131–2. 1903:, pp. 124–6. 1891:, pp. 123–4. 1879:, pp. 126–7. 1843:, pp. 117–8. 1759:, pp. 89–91. 1711:, pp. 79–81. 1687:, pp. 68–71. 1675:, pp. 65–71. 1651:, pp. 52–64. 1615:, pp. 38–41. 1603:, pp. 49–50. 1567:, pp. 29–33. 1167:10.7312/coch15826 1152:978-0-231-50443-0 1137:978-0-231-15826-8 1122:978-0-231-15827-5 665:flaw in character 494:animal liberation 452:personal identity 295:Political Studies 159:animal liberation 151:Alasdair Cochrane 139: 138: 40:Alasdair Cochrane 6770: 6716: 6673: 6650: 6630:Anna L. Peterson 6627: 6615: 6603: 6595: 6572: 6543: 6531: 6488: 6481: 6474: 6465: 6452: 6447: 6446: 6258:Animal Sentience 6247: 6112:Legally Blonde 2 6072:The Animals Film 5826: 5815: 5621:Rise for Animals 5446: 5439: 5425: 5288:Edith Carrington 5192:Craig Rosebraugh 5157:Virginia McKenna 5147:Jo-Anne McArthur 5077:Juliet Gellatley 4982: 4940:Mary Anne Warren 4880:Humphrey Primatt 4865:Edward Nicholson 4835:Charles R. Magel 4800:Thomas G. Gentry 4659:Richard D. Ryder 4599:Thomas Lepeltier 4429: 4420: 4406: 4373:World Animal Day 4331:Unnecessary Fuss 4291:Brown Dog affair 4261:Animals in sport 4251:Animal slaughter 4246:Animal sacrifice 4185:Culling wildlife 3988:Wildlife farming 3906: 3751:Animal cognition 3720:Total liberation 3655: 3644: 3629: 3622: 3615: 3606: 3582: 3559: 3558:. pp. 1–14. 3539: 3538: 3532: 3515: 3480: 3467: 3458: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3409: 3408: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3374: 3365: 3340: 3319: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3297:. 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Dorf 6659: 6653:Cynthia Willett 6636: 6618:David A. Nibert 6581: 6556: 6526: 6520: 6499: 6492: 6462: 6457: 6427: 6408: 6351: 6332:Muutoksen kevät 6305: 6238: 6144:Behind the Mask 6059: 5869:Animals' Rights 5820: 5801: 5785: 5692: 5660: 5433: 5407: 5268:Cleveland Amory 5256: 5222:Darren Thurston 5217:Marianne Thieme 5072:Bruce Friedrich 5037:Joey Carbstrong 5022:Brigitte Bardot 4969: 4960:Jon Wynne-Tyson 4850:J. Howard Moore 4795:John Galsworthy 4775:Wilhelm Dietler 4718: 4714:Corey Lee Wrenn 4624:Martha Nussbaum 4534:Lawrence Finsen 4474:Paola Cavalieri 4449:Kristin Andrews 4424: 4414: 4392: 4361: 4340: 4275: 4229: 4171: 4143: 4104:Pain in animals 4080: 4012: 3978:Poultry farming 3897: 3729: 3649: 3638: 3633: 3590: 3585: 3562: 3542: 3533: 3518: 3483: 3470: 3461: 3438: 3429: 3427: 3423:Knowing Animals 3412: 3403: 3396: 3394: 3377: 3368: 3343: 3322: 3313: 3304: 3302: 3301:on 30 June 2015 3288: 3259: 3228: 3219: 3190: 3181: 3156: 3147: 3145: 3141: 3128: 3123: 3092: 3079: 3058: 3049: 3047: 3033: 3024: 3015: 2984: 2979: 2948: 2943: 2912: 2907: 2878: 2869: 2867: 2857: 2840: 2817: 2797: 2788: 2786: 2777: 2765: 2756: 2754: 2745: 2736: 2734: 2725: 2721: 2716: 2688: 2684: 2676: 2672: 2664: 2660: 2648: 2641: 2629: 2625: 2619:O'Sullivan 2016 2617: 2613: 2607:O'Sullivan 2016 2601: 2597: 2585: 2581: 2573: 2569: 2561: 2557: 2549: 2545: 2537: 2533: 2525: 2521: 2513: 2509: 2501: 2497: 2489: 2485: 2477: 2473: 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1419: 1415: 1407: 1403: 1395: 1391: 1383: 1379: 1371: 1367: 1359: 1355: 1347: 1343: 1335: 1331: 1323: 1319: 1311: 1307: 1299: 1292: 1284: 1280: 1272: 1265: 1257: 1250: 1242: 1238: 1230: 1226: 1218: 1214: 1206: 1202: 1194: 1185: 1181: 1176: 1109: 1065:Steve Sapontzis 1044: 1031:false dichotomy 897: 896: 895: 894: 893: 890: 881: 880: 879: 872: 861: 844: 718:animal breeding 620:factory farming 599:an interest in 567: 483: 478: 426:free expression 399:intrinsic value 388: 387: 386: 385: 370: 369: 368: 360: 359: 348: 236: 104:Media type 96: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6776: 6774: 6766: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6730: 6729: 6723: 6722: 6720: 6719: 6710: 6708: 6704: 6703: 6700: 6699: 6697: 6696: 6690: 6680: 6667: 6665: 6661: 6660: 6658: 6657: 6644: 6642: 6638: 6637: 6635: 6634: 6622: 6610: 6598: 6589: 6587: 6583: 6582: 6580: 6579: 6564: 6562: 6558: 6557: 6555: 6554: 6537: 6535: 6528: 6525:Monographs and 6522: 6521: 6519: 6518: 6513: 6507: 6505: 6501: 6500: 6493: 6491: 6490: 6483: 6476: 6468: 6459: 6458: 6456: 6455: 6440: 6437: 6436: 6433: 6432: 6429: 6428: 6426: 6425: 6416: 6414: 6410: 6409: 6407: 6406: 6398: 6390: 6382: 6374: 6365: 6363: 6357: 6356: 6353: 6352: 6350: 6349: 6342: 6335: 6328: 6321: 6313: 6311: 6307: 6306: 6304: 6303: 6296: 6289: 6282: 6275: 6268: 6261: 6253: 6251: 6244: 6240: 6239: 6237: 6236: 6228: 6220: 6212: 6204: 6196: 6188: 6180: 6172: 6164: 6156: 6148: 6140: 6132: 6124: 6116: 6108: 6104:Meet Your Meat 6100: 6092: 6084: 6076: 6067: 6065: 6061: 6060: 6058: 6057: 6049: 6041: 6033: 6025: 6017: 6009: 6001: 5993: 5985: 5977: 5969: 5961: 5953: 5945: 5937: 5929: 5921: 5913: 5905: 5901:The New Ethics 5897: 5889: 5881: 5873: 5865: 5857: 5849: 5841: 5832: 5830: 5822: 5821: 5818: 5811: 5810: 5807: 5806: 5803: 5802: 5800: 5799: 5793: 5791: 5787: 5786: 5784: 5783: 5777: 5771: 5765: 5759: 5753: 5747: 5741: 5735: 5732:Animals' Party 5729: 5723: 5717: 5711: 5704: 5702: 5698: 5697: 5694: 5693: 5691: 5690: 5685: 5679: 5674: 5668: 5666: 5662: 5661: 5659: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5501:AnimaNaturalis 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5471:Animal Justice 5468: 5463: 5458: 5452: 5450: 5443: 5435: 5434: 5428: 5421: 5420: 5417: 5416: 5413: 5412: 5409: 5408: 5406: 5405: 5403:Gretchen Wyler 5400: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5333:Lewis Gompertz 5330: 5325: 5323:Emarel Freshel 5320: 5315: 5313:Muriel Dowding 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5264: 5262: 5258: 5257: 5255: 5254: 5249: 5247:Gary Yourofsky 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5162:Ingrid Newkirk 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5107:Charlotte Laws 5104: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5032:Yves Bonnardel 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5007:Martin Balluch 5004: 4999: 4994: 4988: 4986: 4979: 4975: 4974: 4971: 4970: 4968: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4955:Steven M. Wise 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4900:Bernard Rollin 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4860:Leonard Nelson 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4765:Herman Daggett 4762: 4757: 4755:Priscilla Cohn 4752: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4730:Jeremy Bentham 4726: 4724: 4720: 4719: 4717: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4644:Jessica Pierce 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4574:Kyle Johannsen 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4499:David DeGrazia 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4439:Carol J. Adams 4435: 4433: 4426: 4416: 4415: 4409: 4402: 4401: 4398: 4397: 4394: 4393: 4391: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4369: 4367: 4363: 4362: 4360: 4359: 4354: 4348: 4346: 4342: 4341: 4339: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4311:Pit of despair 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4287: 4285: 4281: 4280: 4277: 4276: 4274: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4241:Abandoned pets 4237: 4235: 4231: 4230: 4228: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4181: 4179: 4173: 4172: 4170: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4153: 4151: 4145: 4144: 4142: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4090: 4088: 4086:Animal welfare 4082: 4081: 4079: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4061:Model organism 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4022: 4020: 4018:Animal testing 4014: 4013: 4011: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3993:Working animal 3990: 3985: 3983:Slaughterhouse 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3958:Insect farming 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3918:Animal product 3914: 3912: 3903: 3899: 3898: 3896: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3873:Sentiocentrism 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3781:Animal welfare 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3737: 3735: 3731: 3730: 3728: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3661: 3659: 3651: 3650: 3647: 3640: 3639: 3634: 3632: 3631: 3624: 3617: 3609: 3603: 3602: 3589: 3588:External links 3586: 3584: 3583: 3560: 3540: 3516: 3481: 3468: 3459: 3436: 3410: 3379:Milligan, Tony 3375: 3366: 3341: 3320: 3311: 3286: 3257: 3226: 3217: 3199:(1): 175–187. 3188: 3179: 3154: 3144:on 28 May 2016 3121: 3103:(2): 261–277. 3082:Garner, Robert 3077: 3061:Garner, Robert 3056: 3031: 3022: 3013: 2995:(3): 660–679. 2977: 2959:(4): 424–442. 2941: 2923:(3): 293–318. 2905: 2876: 2866:on 18 May 2015 2855: 2838: 2815: 2795: 2775: 2763: 2743: 2722: 2720: 2717: 2715: 2714: 2682: 2670: 2658: 2639: 2623: 2611: 2595: 2579: 2567: 2555: 2543: 2541:, p. 173. 2531: 2519: 2517:, p. 159. 2507: 2495: 2483: 2471: 2456: 2454:, p. 405. 2441: 2439:, p. 115. 2429: 2427:, p. 317. 2417: 2415:, p. 116. 2405: 2393: 2391:, p. 318. 2376: 2374:, p. 114. 2360: 2342: 2325: 2304: 2292: 2288:Rodrigues 2014 2276: 2256: 2244: 2242:, p. 207. 2232: 2220: 2218:, p. 204. 2208: 2206:, p. 203. 2196: 2184: 2172: 2160: 2148: 2136: 2124: 2112: 2100: 2088: 2076: 2064: 2052: 2040: 2028: 2016: 2004: 2002:, p. 140. 1992: 1980: 1968: 1956: 1944: 1932: 1930:, p. 131. 1917: 1915:, p. 141. 1905: 1893: 1881: 1869: 1867:, p. 121. 1857: 1845: 1833: 1821: 1819:, p. 107. 1809: 1807:, p. 105. 1797: 1795:, p. 104. 1785: 1773: 1761: 1749: 1737: 1725: 1713: 1701: 1689: 1677: 1665: 1653: 1641: 1629: 1617: 1605: 1593: 1581: 1569: 1557: 1545: 1533: 1521: 1509: 1497: 1485: 1473: 1461: 1449: 1437: 1425: 1413: 1401: 1389: 1377: 1375:, p. 166. 1365: 1353: 1341: 1329: 1317: 1305: 1290: 1278: 1263: 1248: 1244:Cochrane 2009b 1236: 1232:Cochrane 2009a 1224: 1212: 1200: 1198:, p. vii. 1182: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1171: 1170: 1155: 1140: 1125: 1108: 1105: 1085:global justice 1043: 1040: 891: 884: 883: 882: 873: 866: 865: 864: 863: 862: 860: 857: 843: 840: 811:overpopulation 566: 563: 551:Utilitarianism 482: 479: 477: 474: 372: 371: 362: 361: 353: 352: 351: 350: 349: 347: 344: 332:animal studies 324:Gary Francione 235: 232: 228:utilitarianism 220:Gary Francione 137: 136: 134:978-0231158275 131: 125: 124: 121: 117: 116: 105: 101: 100: 97: 94: 91: 90: 85: 81: 80: 78:animal welfare 71: 67: 66: 59:Gary Francione 55: 51: 50: 47: 43: 42: 37: 33: 32: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6775: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6735: 6733: 6715: 6712: 6711: 6709: 6705: 6694: 6691: 6688: 6684: 6681: 6677: 6672: 6669: 6668: 6666: 6662: 6654: 6649: 6646: 6645: 6643: 6639: 6631: 6626: 6623: 6619: 6614: 6611: 6607: 6602: 6599: 6594: 6591: 6590: 6588: 6584: 6576: 6571: 6570: 6566: 6565: 6563: 6559: 6551: 6550:Robert Garner 6547: 6542: 6539: 6538: 6536: 6532: 6529: 6523: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6508: 6506: 6502: 6497: 6489: 6484: 6482: 6477: 6475: 6470: 6469: 6466: 6450: 6442: 6441: 6438: 6423: 6422: 6418: 6417: 6415: 6411: 6404: 6403: 6399: 6396: 6395: 6391: 6388: 6387: 6383: 6380: 6379: 6378:Tame Yourself 6375: 6372: 6371: 6367: 6366: 6364: 6362: 6358: 6348: 6347: 6343: 6341: 6340: 6339:No Compromise 6336: 6334: 6333: 6329: 6327: 6326: 6322: 6320: 6319: 6315: 6314: 6312: 6308: 6302: 6301: 6297: 6295: 6294: 6290: 6288: 6287: 6283: 6281: 6280: 6276: 6274: 6273: 6269: 6267: 6266: 6262: 6260: 6259: 6255: 6254: 6252: 6248: 6245: 6241: 6234: 6233: 6229: 6226: 6225: 6221: 6218: 6217: 6213: 6210: 6209: 6205: 6202: 6201: 6197: 6194: 6193: 6189: 6186: 6185: 6181: 6178: 6177: 6173: 6170: 6169: 6165: 6162: 6161: 6157: 6154: 6153: 6149: 6146: 6145: 6141: 6138: 6137: 6133: 6130: 6129: 6125: 6122: 6121: 6117: 6114: 6113: 6109: 6106: 6105: 6101: 6098: 6097: 6093: 6090: 6089: 6085: 6082: 6081: 6077: 6074: 6073: 6069: 6068: 6066: 6062: 6055: 6054: 6050: 6047: 6046: 6042: 6039: 6038: 6034: 6031: 6030: 6026: 6023: 6022: 6018: 6015: 6014: 6010: 6007: 6006: 6002: 5999: 5998: 5994: 5991: 5990: 5986: 5983: 5982: 5978: 5975: 5974: 5970: 5967: 5966: 5962: 5959: 5958: 5954: 5951: 5950: 5946: 5943: 5942: 5938: 5935: 5934: 5930: 5927: 5926: 5922: 5919: 5918: 5914: 5911: 5910: 5906: 5903: 5902: 5898: 5895: 5894: 5890: 5887: 5886: 5882: 5879: 5878: 5874: 5871: 5870: 5866: 5863: 5862: 5858: 5855: 5854: 5850: 5847: 5846: 5842: 5840:(3rd century) 5839: 5838: 5834: 5833: 5831: 5827: 5823: 5816: 5812: 5798: 5795: 5794: 5792: 5788: 5781: 5778: 5775: 5772: 5770:(Netherlands) 5769: 5766: 5763: 5760: 5757: 5754: 5751: 5748: 5745: 5742: 5739: 5736: 5733: 5730: 5727: 5724: 5721: 5718: 5715: 5712: 5709: 5706: 5705: 5703: 5699: 5689: 5686: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5669: 5667: 5663: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5496:Animal Rising 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5466:Animal Ethics 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5453: 5451: 5447: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5422: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5363:Jessie Mackay 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5338:James Granger 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5273:Henry B. Amos 5271: 5269: 5266: 5265: 5263: 5259: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5242:Louise Wallis 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5207:Kim Stallwood 5205: 5203: 5202:Jasmin Singer 5200: 5198: 5197:Nathan Runkle 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5182:David Olivier 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5067:John Feldmann 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5042:Aymeric Caron 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5012:Carole Baskin 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4989: 4987: 4983: 4980: 4976: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4915:Laurids Smith 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4885:James Rachels 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4830:John Lawrence 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4740:Brigid Brophy 4738: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4727: 4725: 4721: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4704:Tatjana Višak 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4694:David Sztybel 4692: 4690: 4689:Cass Sunstein 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4654:Mark Rowlands 4652: 4650: 4649:Evelyn Pluhar 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4604:Andrew Linzey 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4589:Will Kymlicka 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4569:Dale Jamieson 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4549:Valéry Giroux 4547: 4545: 4544:Robert Garner 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4509:Sue Donaldson 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4489:J. M. Coetzee 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4454:Tom Beauchamp 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4436: 4434: 4430: 4427: 4421: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4403: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4370: 4368: 4364: 4358: 4357:Hunt sabotage 4355: 4353: 4350: 4349: 4347: 4345:Methodologies 4343: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4288: 4286: 4282: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4238: 4236: 4232: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4190:Hare coursing 4188: 4186: 4183: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4174: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4146: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4083: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4023: 4021: 4019: 4015: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3933:Chick culling 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3907: 3904: 3900: 3894: 3893:Vegetarianism 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3803: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3791:Anthrozoology 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3761:Animal ethics 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3732: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3662: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3636:Animal rights 3630: 3625: 3623: 3618: 3616: 3611: 3610: 3607: 3601: 3597: 3596: 3592: 3591: 3587: 3580: 3576: 3573:(4): 539–53. 3572: 3568: 3567: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3498:(4): 92–109. 3497: 3493: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3469: 3465: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3443: 3437: 3425: 3424: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3321: 3317: 3312: 3300: 3296: 3295:Global Policy 3292: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3268:(1): 87–103. 3267: 3263: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3233: 3227: 3223: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3189: 3185: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3155: 3140: 3136: 3135: 3127: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3057: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3032: 3028: 3023: 3019: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2983: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2947: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2911: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2877: 2865: 2861: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2822: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2723: 2718: 2711: 2707: 2706:Milligan 2015 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2686: 2683: 2679: 2674: 2671: 2667: 2662: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2650:Milligan 2015 2646: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2627: 2624: 2620: 2615: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2603:Cochrane 2016 2599: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2587:Cochrane 2013 2583: 2580: 2576: 2571: 2568: 2564: 2559: 2556: 2552: 2547: 2544: 2540: 2535: 2532: 2528: 2523: 2520: 2516: 2511: 2508: 2504: 2499: 2496: 2492: 2487: 2484: 2480: 2475: 2472: 2468: 2463: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2452:Boisseau 2014 2448: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2433: 2430: 2426: 2421: 2418: 2414: 2409: 2406: 2402: 2401:Boisseau 2014 2397: 2394: 2390: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2364: 2361: 2357: 2355: 2349: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2300:Boisseau 2014 2296: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2280: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2260: 2257: 2253: 2252:Cochrane 2012 2248: 2245: 2241: 2240:Cochrane 2012 2236: 2233: 2229: 2228:Cochrane 2012 2224: 2221: 2217: 2216:Cochrane 2012 2212: 2209: 2205: 2204:Cochrane 2012 2200: 2197: 2193: 2192:Cochrane 2012 2188: 2185: 2181: 2180:Cochrane 2012 2176: 2173: 2169: 2168:Cochrane 2012 2164: 2161: 2157: 2156:Cochrane 2012 2152: 2149: 2145: 2144:Cochrane 2012 2140: 2137: 2133: 2132:Cochrane 2012 2128: 2125: 2121: 2120:Cochrane 2012 2116: 2113: 2109: 2108:Cochrane 2012 2104: 2101: 2097: 2096:Cochrane 2012 2092: 2089: 2085: 2084:Cochrane 2012 2080: 2077: 2073: 2072:Cochrane 2012 2068: 2065: 2061: 2060:Cochrane 2012 2056: 2053: 2049: 2048:Cochrane 2012 2044: 2041: 2037: 2036:Cochrane 2012 2032: 2029: 2025: 2024:Cochrane 2012 2020: 2017: 2013: 2012:Cochrane 2012 2008: 2005: 2001: 2000:Cochrane 2012 1996: 1993: 1989: 1988:Cochrane 2012 1984: 1981: 1977: 1976:Cochrane 2012 1972: 1969: 1965: 1964:Cochrane 2012 1960: 1957: 1953: 1952:Cochrane 2012 1948: 1945: 1941: 1940:Cochrane 2012 1936: 1933: 1929: 1928:Cochrane 2012 1924: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1913:Cochrane 2012 1909: 1906: 1902: 1901:Cochrane 2012 1897: 1894: 1890: 1889:Cochrane 2012 1885: 1882: 1878: 1877:Cochrane 2012 1873: 1870: 1866: 1865:Cochrane 2012 1861: 1858: 1854: 1853:Cochrane 2012 1849: 1846: 1842: 1841:Cochrane 2012 1837: 1834: 1830: 1829:Cochrane 2012 1825: 1822: 1818: 1817:Cochrane 2012 1813: 1810: 1806: 1805:Cochrane 2012 1801: 1798: 1794: 1793:Cochrane 2012 1789: 1786: 1782: 1781:Cochrane 2012 1777: 1774: 1770: 1769:Cochrane 2012 1765: 1762: 1758: 1757:Cochrane 2012 1753: 1750: 1746: 1745:Cochrane 2012 1741: 1738: 1734: 1733:Cochrane 2012 1729: 1726: 1722: 1721:Cochrane 2012 1717: 1714: 1710: 1709:Cochrane 2012 1705: 1702: 1698: 1697:Cochrane 2012 1693: 1690: 1686: 1685:Cochrane 2012 1681: 1678: 1674: 1673:Cochrane 2012 1669: 1666: 1662: 1661:Cochrane 2012 1657: 1654: 1650: 1649:Cochrane 2012 1645: 1642: 1639:, p. 52. 1638: 1637:Cochrane 2012 1633: 1630: 1626: 1625:Cochrane 2012 1621: 1618: 1614: 1613:Cochrane 2012 1609: 1606: 1602: 1601:Cochrane 2012 1597: 1594: 1590: 1589:Cochrane 2012 1585: 1582: 1578: 1577:Cochrane 2012 1573: 1570: 1566: 1565:Cochrane 2012 1561: 1558: 1555:, p. 38. 1554: 1553:Cochrane 2012 1549: 1546: 1543:, p. 29. 1542: 1541:Cochrane 2012 1537: 1534: 1530: 1529:Feinberg 1974 1525: 1522: 1519:, p. 28. 1518: 1517:Cochrane 2012 1513: 1510: 1506: 1505:Cochrane 2012 1501: 1498: 1494: 1493:Cochrane 2012 1489: 1486: 1482: 1481:Cochrane 2012 1477: 1474: 1471:, p. 21. 1470: 1469:Cochrane 2012 1465: 1462: 1459:, p. 19. 1458: 1457:Cochrane 2012 1453: 1450: 1446: 1445:Cochrane 2012 1441: 1438: 1434: 1433:Cochrane 2012 1429: 1426: 1423:, p. 43. 1422: 1421:Cochrane 2012 1417: 1414: 1411:, p. 45. 1410: 1409:Cochrane 2012 1405: 1402: 1398: 1397:Cochrane 2012 1393: 1390: 1387:, p. 42. 1386: 1385:Cochrane 2012 1381: 1378: 1374: 1369: 1366: 1362: 1361:Cochrane 2012 1357: 1354: 1351:, p. 41. 1350: 1349:Cochrane 2012 1345: 1342: 1339:, p. 50. 1338: 1337:Cochrane 2012 1333: 1330: 1326: 1321: 1318: 1314: 1309: 1306: 1302: 1297: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1286:Cochrane 2010 1282: 1279: 1275: 1270: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1240: 1237: 1233: 1228: 1225: 1221: 1220:Cochrane 2012 1216: 1213: 1209: 1208:Cochrane 2007 1204: 1201: 1197: 1196:Cochrane 2012 1192: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1110: 1106: 1104: 1102: 1097: 1096:Tony Milligan 1092: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1081:labour rights 1078: 1074: 1073:Valéry Giroux 1069: 1066: 1062: 1061:James Rachels 1057: 1053: 1049: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1027:animal ethics 1024: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1008: 1007:vegetarianism 1004: 1000: 995: 992: 986: 984: 979: 972: 967: 964: 961: 956: 951: 949: 948: 943: 942:Animal People 939: 938: 937:Global Policy 933: 932: 927: 923: 922: 917: 913: 912: 907: 906: 901: 888: 877: 870: 858: 856: 854: 849: 841: 839: 836: 832: 828: 824: 818: 816: 812: 808: 803: 799: 790: 787: 782: 778: 776: 772: 767: 766:equestrianism 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 724:. Concerning 723: 719: 714: 710: 709:pet insurance 706: 702: 692: 688: 686: 685:perfectionism 681: 677: 673: 671: 670:virtue ethics 666: 662: 658: 653: 651: 647: 643: 639: 634: 630: 625: 621: 617: 612: 610: 606: 602: 597: 593: 588: 586: 580: 571: 564: 562: 560: 559:rationalistic 556: 552: 548: 543: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 524:Joel Feinberg 521: 517: 512: 508: 507:Immanuel Kant 503: 499: 495: 491: 490:animal rights 487: 480: 475: 473: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 453: 445: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 422: 418: 412: 408: 406: 402: 400: 394: 383: 382:(right, 2009) 380: 376: 366: 357: 345: 343: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 315: 311: 307: 306: 301: 297: 296: 291: 290: 285: 281: 280: 273: 271: 270:Robert Garner 267: 263: 262:Anne Phillips 259: 255: 251: 247: 244: 240: 233: 231: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 212: 207: 203: 200: 195: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 155:animal rights 152: 149: 145: 144: 135: 132: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 92: 89: 86: 82: 79: 75: 74:Animal rights 72: 68: 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 44: 41: 38: 34: 30: 25: 19: 6713: 6692: 6687:Gary Steiner 6682: 6670: 6647: 6624: 6612: 6606:Gary Steiner 6600: 6592: 6568: 6567: 6540: 6527:debate books 6516:Gary Steiner 6419: 6400: 6392: 6384: 6376: 6368: 6344: 6337: 6330: 6323: 6316: 6298: 6291: 6284: 6277: 6270: 6263: 6256: 6230: 6222: 6214: 6206: 6198: 6190: 6182: 6174: 6166: 6158: 6150: 6142: 6134: 6126: 6118: 6110: 6102: 6094: 6086: 6078: 6070: 6051: 6043: 6035: 6027: 6019: 6011: 6004: 6003: 5995: 5987: 5979: 5971: 5963: 5955: 5947: 5939: 5931: 5923: 5915: 5907: 5899: 5891: 5883: 5875: 5867: 5859: 5851: 5843: 5835: 5688:Oxford Group 5556:Every Animal 5449:Contemporary 5398:Andrew Tyler 5388:Nell Shipman 5328:André Géraud 5237:Jerry Vlasak 5212:Lynda Stoner 5187:Alex Pacheco 5122:Evanna Lynch 5117:Howard Lyman 5102:Wayne Hsiung 5062:Chris DeRose 5052:Rod Coronado 4985:Contemporary 4925:Thomas Tryon 4845:Mary Midgley 4840:Jean Meslier 4820:Soame Jenyns 4810:John Hildrop 4805:Arthur Helps 4770:Richard Dean 4745:Peter Buchan 4684:Gary Steiner 4679:Peter Singer 4674:Jérôme Segal 4639:David Pearce 4629:Clare Palmer 4619:David Nibert 4609:Clair Linzey 4519:Joan Dunayer 4444:Aysha Akhtar 4432:Contemporary 4301:McLibel case 4256:Animal trial 4215:Seal hunting 4177:Wild animals 4162:Fishing bait 4124:Pain in fish 3943:Fish farming 3923:Battery cage 3843:Meat paradox 3800: 3741:Abolitionism 3594: 3570: 3564: 3551: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3495: 3489: 3476: 3472: 3463: 3449:(1): 293–9. 3446: 3440: 3428:. 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Retrieved 2731:the original 2719:Bibliography 2702:Milburn 2016 2685: 2673: 2661: 2626: 2614: 2598: 2582: 2575:Wyckoff 2014 2570: 2558: 2551:Schmidt 2015 2546: 2534: 2527:Milburn 2015 2522: 2510: 2498: 2486: 2474: 2432: 2420: 2408: 2396: 2368:Clifton 2013 2363: 2353: 2338:Clifton 2013 2321:Hadley 2013b 2295: 2284:Suchyta 2015 2279: 2264:Painter 2014 2259: 2247: 2235: 2223: 2211: 2199: 2187: 2175: 2163: 2151: 2139: 2127: 2115: 2103: 2091: 2079: 2067: 2055: 2043: 2031: 2019: 2007: 1995: 1983: 1971: 1959: 1947: 1935: 1908: 1896: 1884: 1872: 1860: 1848: 1836: 1824: 1812: 1800: 1788: 1776: 1764: 1752: 1740: 1728: 1716: 1704: 1692: 1680: 1668: 1656: 1644: 1632: 1620: 1608: 1596: 1584: 1572: 1560: 1548: 1536: 1524: 1512: 1500: 1488: 1476: 1464: 1452: 1440: 1428: 1416: 1404: 1392: 1380: 1368: 1356: 1344: 1332: 1320: 1308: 1281: 1274:Hadley 2013a 1239: 1227: 1215: 1203: 1158: 1143: 1128: 1113: 1100: 1093: 1077:cosmopolitan 1070: 1056:ideal theory 1051: 1047: 1045: 1034: 1022: 1018: 1013: 1011: 998: 996: 990: 987: 977: 974: 969: 965: 954: 952: 945: 935: 929: 925: 919: 915: 909: 903: 899: 898: 875: 847: 845: 822: 819: 802:Aldo Leopold 794: 788: 762:horse racing 750:bullfighting 746:bear baiting 738:cockfighting 698: 679: 667: 654: 642:moral agents 613: 608: 582: 576: 555:Peter Singer 544: 532:moral agency 519: 515: 509:argued that 501: 485: 484: 469: 465: 461: 449: 446: 442:moral rights 437: 433: 420: 416: 414: 410: 396: 389: 381: 375:(left, 2013) 374: 339: 335: 328:Gary Steiner 319: 318: 303: 293: 287: 283: 277: 274: 266:Albert Weale 254:Cécile Fabre 238: 237: 224:Gary Steiner 209: 196: 142: 141: 140: 63:Gary Steiner 18: 6707:Collections 6243:Periodicals 6120:The Meatrix 6096:The Witness 5710:(Australia) 5684:(1891–1919) 5566:Faunalytics 5393:Henry Spira 5383:Hans Ruesch 5373:Jill Phipps 5368:Norm Phelps 5348:Barry Horne 5308:Royal Dixon 5303:Karen Davis 5283:Ernest Bell 5177:Ric O'Barry 5172:Jack Norris 5142:Dan Mathews 5047:Jake Conroy 5017:Barbi Twins 4992:James Aspey 4930:Gary Varner 4920:John Styles 4760:Henry Crowe 4709:Paul Waldau 4699:Michael Tye 4594:Renan Larue 4579:Melanie Joy 4564:Oscar Horta 4559:John Hadley 4529:Catia Faria 4524:Mylan Engel 4494:Alice Crary 4464:Steven Best 4459:Marc Bekoff 4425:and writers 4366:Observances 4271:Live export 4205:Ivory trade 4076:Vivisection 4051:Green Scare 3948:Fur farming 3853:Open rescue 3848:Nonviolence 3531:(1): 102–6. 3305:14 November 2917:Res Publica 2870:14 November 2828:(4): 7–31. 2789:14 November 2757:14 November 2737:14 November 2631:Hadley 2015 2563:Giroux 2016 2539:Garner 2013 2515:Garner 2013 2503:Garner 2013 2491:Garner 2013 2479:Garner 2013 2425:Meijer 2016 2389:Meijer 2016 2272:Meijer 2016 1259:Garner 2011 846:The aim of 742:dogfighting 705:euthanizing 624:their flesh 609:prima facie 565:Application 547:obligations 481:Methodology 470:prima facie 466:prima facie 462:prima facie 438:Prima facie 434:prima facie 300:John Hadley 279:Res Publica 6732:Categories 6232:Seaspiracy 6136:Earthlings 5776:(Portugal) 5750:DierAnimal 5665:Historical 5461:Animal Aid 5353:Marie Huot 5298:Joan Court 5278:Bob Barker 5261:Historical 5152:Luísa Mell 5132:Keith Mann 5127:Bill Maher 5112:Ronnie Lee 5082:Tal Gilboa 5057:Karen Dawn 4997:Greg Avery 4875:Rod Preece 4790:T. Forster 4750:Mona Caird 4723:Historical 4584:Hilda Kean 4554:Lori Gruen 3888:Vegaphobia 3878:Speciesism 3771:Animal law 3071:. London: 2635:Cooke 2015 2437:Ebert 2015 2413:Ebert 2015 2372:Ebert 2015 2268:Ebert 2015 1174:References 991:regardless 853:legitimacy 842:Conclusion 827:jallikattu 798:land ethic 789:(pictured) 786:jallikattu 775:disrespect 585:speciesism 540:R. G. 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