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260:, which aids the coral in its growth and survival. The coral protects the algae with its tissue as the algae helps the host with energy and nutrients, as well as removing metabolic waste. However, the crisp pillow coral is restricted to staying in shallow waters where the zooxanthellae can execute
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is a voracious predator of coral reefs. Since the 1970s, an increasing population of the crown-of-thorns starfish has broken out, consuming more corals in the reefs. Human activity has caused the outbreak of the crown-of-thorn starfish. The overfishing of unprotected reefs may deplete much of the
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and the increasing climate. This expels the zooxanthellae from the coral, leaving it weak and prone to many diseases without the aid of the algae. The climate change also is expected to increase ocean acidification and destructive weather, such as storms that destroy the coral reefs.
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The crisp pillow coral is listed on the
Appendix II of CITES, protecting the species from being traded without a permit. Current research is being conducted to ensure the safety of the crisp pillow coral.
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The crisp pillow coral forms small, mound-like colonies that grow to be about 20 cm in height and make a blue-grey and cream color. Like other corals that form colonies, it consists of soft, little
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It is populated in shallow and sandy, tropical coral reef systems. At the base of the reefs and intertidal pools, it lives in turbid water, usually to about 20 m in depth.
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that are assisted with small tentacles that guide food in the water to the coral's mouth. The polyps discharge a skeleton made of calcium carbonate known as
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The crisp pillow coral is found on the East
African coast, the southern area of the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden, north and southwestern Indian Ocean, and the
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328:. The triton snail, another natural predator, is being collected for its valuable shell. Nutrients from agriculture wash off to the oceans, causing
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The crisp pillow coral is threatened to extinction with a decreasing population. The principal threat is the rising sea temperature due to
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Although the zooxanthellae provides about 70% of the coral's nutrients through photosynthesis, the coral may also prey upon
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which would participate in the formation of coral reefs. The corallites establish an uneven honey-comb pattern.
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As a member of the family
Siderastreidae, it is a zooxanthellate, living in harmony with
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population of the predators of the crown-of-thorn starfish, such as the
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Other causes of the declining population of the crisp pillow coral are
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population increases, which gives more food for the starfish
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224:. It is represented by a single species, the
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411:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T133484A3767662.en
299:, dissolved organic matter, and planktonic
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386:Sheppard, C.; Turak, E.; Wood, E. (2008).
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280:. It is also known in small areas around
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7:
397:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
276:. However, it is not found in the
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918:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
446:World Register of Marine Species
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1:
511:"Crown of thorns starfish (
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928:Monotypic cnidarian genera
938:Animals described in 1901
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78:Scientific classification
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517:. Arkive. Archived from
488:. Arkive. Archived from
321:crown-of-thorns starfish
739:anomastraea-irregularis
710:Anomastraea irregularis
542:Anomastraea irregularis
484:Anomastraea irregularis
432:Hoeksema, Bert (2013).
390:Anomastraea irregularis
230:Anomastraea irregularis
191:Anomastraea irregularis
670:Paleobiology Database
540:"Crisp Pillow Coral (
482:"Crisp pillow coral (
404:: e.T133484A3767662.
284:and islands near it.
923:Scleractinia genera
173:A. irregularis
48:Conservation status
24:Crisp pillow coral
513:Acanthaster planci
438:Marenzeller, 1901"
278:Chagos Archipelago
226:crisp pillow coral
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851:Open Tree of Life
657:Open Tree of Life
560:Taxon identifiers
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16:Genus of corals
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351:Conservation
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274:Persian Gulf
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268:Distribution
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135:Scleractinia
125:Hexacorallia
38:Close up of
18:
864:SeaLifeBase
773:iNaturalist
618:iNaturalist
568:Anomastraea
436:Anomastraea
297:zooplankton
236:Description
209:Anomastraea
198:Marenzeller
156:Anomastraea
912:Categories
525:2014-04-27
496:2014-02-22
360:References
282:Madagascar
63:Vulnerable
40:corallites
725:Q13375323
583:Q16886845
451:6 October
417:26 August
341:pollution
247:corallite
167:Species:
101:Kingdom:
95:Eukaryota
877:Species+
791:11119423
719:Wikidata
577:Wikidata
301:bacteria
141:Family:
115:Cnidaria
111:Phylum:
105:Animalia
91:Domain:
68:IUCN 3.1
856:1031354
765:4339464
685:4071552
662:1031355
649:1391139
636:1106919
610:4339463
307:Threats
151:Genus:
131:Order:
121:Class:
66: (
895:207518
843:207518
830:371661
817:133484
778:503749
734:ARKive
698:205949
682:uBio:
623:503748
334:larvae
243:polyps
218:corals
200:, 1901
890:WoRMS
869:45962
804:53105
786:IRMNG
752:5V6H5
693:WoRMS
631:IRMNG
597:84LN7
442:WoRMS
258:algae
212:is a
882:9719
838:OBIS
825:NCBI
812:IUCN
799:ITIS
760:GBIF
675:6150
644:NCBI
605:GBIF
453:2017
419:2014
402:2008
319:The
291:Diet
232:).
747:CoL
592:CoL
406:doi
216:of
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
