541:
77:
280:
291:
302:
52:
33:
275:
length of 7 cm (2.75 in) and females having a snout-to-vent length of 4.5 cm (1.75 in). They have a flattened body and head, slightly compressed tail, pointy snout, short legs, and large toe-pads. Males and females both have a yellow dewlap, a flap of skin hanging below the neck.
331:
is typically found around trees, on rocks, or bamboo groves. It mainly use the upper portions of trees, 2 m (6.6 ft) above the ground, as perching sites and to search for food. Its short legs and large toe-pads allow it to move more easily in the upper portions of trees, particularly on
395:, which includes over 400 species of lizards native to the Americas. Anoles typically share similar sizes and shapes but differ in the habitats they occupy. This is an example of adaptive radiation as lizards on different islands adapt to different habitats. The genus
259:
is studied for its behavior as well as the evolution of the family
Dactyloidae. The group of lizards which are member species of the family Dactyloidae are known as anoles. Anoles are found throughout the Americas and are related to iguanas.
452:
having a diploid number of 26 chromosomes while other anoles having a diploid number as large as 44. They also vary in their sex chromosomes with some species having simple XX/XY sex chromosomes and others having many sex chromosomes.
719:
individual. If a lizard is lower in a tree, the lizard exhibits escape behavior more quickly when approached by a predator than if the lizard were higher in the tree. At perch heights less than or exactly 2.0 m (6.6 ft),
482:
flowers in Puerto Rican forests. This is a recent finding, but other anoles have also been found to lick nectar from flowers. Some anoles may be pollinators of certain flowers. When foraging, similar to other anoles,
748:
is 46% higher on trees. Its short legs and large toe-pads aid locomotion on trees. Another possible explanation for increased running and movement on trees is that tree trunks provide a continuous area for
675:, the lizard was found to adjust its behavior in order to receive a reward. In this case, lizards learned to remove a disc in order to obtain food. This study demonstrated adaptation capabilities within
1132:
634:
include having common predators and parasites. But in this case, as the two lizard species are in close distance to each other, it is unlikely that these factors have a significant role.
348:
as a least-concern species as the species remains common in Puerto Rico, and its habitat has no widespread threats. Current threats include residential and commercial development as
711:
may also perceive humans as predators, and other animals like birds may be predators as well. As it is typically found on or near trees, when approached by a terrestrial predator,
1669:
533:
is a territorial species, with both males and females using displays of their dewlaps, tails, and tongues to defend their territory from other lizards. When these displays fail,
271:
is medium-sized and a bright emerald-green color, but can also progress to a dark brown color when aroused. Males are typically larger than females with males having a
591:
between the two lizard species. The two lizard species share similar prey of insects and have been found to contest territory. Similar to behavioral displays between
1599:
1727:
341:
324:. Specifically, it can be found in wet forests including the El Yunque rainforest, the Luquillo mountains and forest, and the Cordillera Central mountain range.
1638:
1702:
579:
occupies upper tree areas. Regardless, competition between the two lizard species still exists. In a study on the interactions between the two species, when
744:
exhibits jumping and walking behavior at similar levels on boulders and trees. However, running behavior is increased 238% on trees. Overall locomotion for
645:, as well as other anoles, bite other animals and humans. However, most anole bites are harmless and only done as a protective measure when provoked.
507:
individuals are reproductive, and many females have two oviducal eggs. Almost no reproduction occurs between
November and January. Like other anoles,
1573:
448:
From 65 to 125 million years ago, anoles experienced radiation into the different species found today. Anoles vary greatly in their karyotypes with
1612:
1065:
656:
is typically bright emerald-green which does not blend in well with tree trunks but may blend well with other vegetation. However, when aroused,
595:
lizards, with two different species, the lizards also use push-ups, their dewlaps and tongues to compete for territory and prey. In this case,
1712:
1722:
671:
has been studied to test its behavioral flexibility. Lizards are believed to have limited cognitive abilities. However, in a study with
414:
is classified in the trunk-crown ecomorph, generally living in the upper trunks and canopies of trees. Other trunk-crown anoles include
776:
is being affected by human activity and forest conversion in its natural habitats as it does not continue to live in deforested areas.
1480:
1461:
487:
is typically a sit-and-wait forager, meaning it has long periods of inactivity followed by short bursts of activity to capture prey.
757:
is heliophilic and may move toward areas with sunlight including the forest canopy and gaps in the canopy where sunlight can reach.
1717:
682:
However, whether this behavior can accurately assess behavioral flexibility has been disputed. Other researchers contend that
1472:
1617:
1274:
571:. Both lizard species are native to Puerto Rico and they are of similar sizes. However, they are ecologically different as
780:
has not been found to have other significant interactions with humans and is not involved with major human uses or trade.
1445:
839:
715:
exhibits escape behavior by climbing around or up a tree. This behavior varies depending on the perch height of the
1643:
883:
588:
76:
1513:
1498:
Annual Report of the Board of
Regents of the Smithsonian Institution ... for the Year Ending June 30, 1902
375:
1449:
440:
is another related lizard species which is also able to change colors between shades of green and brown.
272:
724:
individuals exhibit escape behavior, but at perch heights above 2.0 m, no escape behavior is exhibited.
181:
1551:
352:
is not found in deforested areas. Additionally, climate change is a threat to forest habitats in which
999:
1204:
1069:
944:
400:
1184:
879:
436:
422:
403:
where lizards on different islands with similar habitats may evolve to share similar morphologies.
41:
1483:
Special
Publication No. 1. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Carnegie Museum of Natural History. 216 pp. (
929:
540:
1490:
1220:
1159:
1030:
968:
704:
197:
71:
1604:
1270:
803:
522:, in addition to other anoles, has been studied for its behavioral interactions and evolution.
1630:
1560:
1457:
1424:
1375:
1022:
960:
925:
769:
279:
930:"An experimental study of interspecific interactions between two Puerto Rican Anolis lizards"
1679:
1664:
1454:
Amphibians and
Reptiles of the West Indies: Descriptions, Distributions, and Natural History
1414:
1406:
1365:
1357:
1319:
1212:
1151:
1014:
952:
557:
237:
1707:
1651:
416:
363:. However, it is most often found in protected areas which conserve its natural habitats.
921:
1208:
1091:
948:
815:
290:
1419:
1394:
1370:
1345:
875:
428:
1155:
1696:
1625:
1245:
1000:"New insights into sex chromosome evolution in anole lizards (Reptilia, Dactyloidae)"
740:
locomotion depends on location, showcasing different movement on boulders and trees.
686:
has demonstrated learning abilities but not necessarily a flexible learning ability.
619:
was able to occupy areas, mainly lower tree trunks, that were previously defended by
465:
61:
56:
1303:
1163:
1034:
301:
1565:
972:
138:
603:
counterparts. Intraguild predation is also possible among these lizards with male
503:
females display seasonal changes in egg production. From April to
September, most
1395:"On the flexibility of lizards' cognition: a comment on Leal & Powell (2011)"
1586:
1545:
379:
321:
248:
240:
213:
148:
1536:
32:
1018:
1133:"Concordant evolution of locomotor behavior, display rate and morphology in
478:
88:
1428:
1410:
1379:
1361:
1026:
964:
956:
399:
is part of the larger family
Dactyloidae of anoles. This is an example of
1656:
1530:
1500:. Washington, District of Columbia: Government Printing Office. 739 pp. (
128:
108:
1578:
1393:
Vasconcelos, Marco; Monteiro, Tiago; Kacelnik, Alex (7 December 2011).
1224:
1188:
660:
will turn a dark brown color which may camouflage it with tree trunks.
626:
Other possible hypotheses regarding the ecological differences between
229:
118:
1591:
233:
158:
98:
1507:
1323:
1216:
1346:"Behavioural flexibility and problem-solving in a tropical lizard"
539:
389:
300:
289:
278:
811:
1511:
567:
has been found to interact with other lizard species including
359:
No species-specific conservation efforts are taking place for
1493:(1904). "The Herpetology of Porto Rico". pp. 549–724.
255:
is a medium-sized lizard and bright emerald-green in color.
814:
Red List of
Threatened Species 2020: e.T74995322A75171581.
1304:"Risk factors affecting escape behaviour by Puerto Rican
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
276:
Male dewlaps are generally larger than female dewlaps.
844:
United States
Department of Agriculture Forest Service
575:
typically occupies the lower portions of trees while
816:
https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/74995322/75171581
1456:. Gainesville: University of Florida Press. 720 pp.
772:
in Puerto Rico, especially in areas nearby forests.
587:
was found to increase over time. This may be due to
1520:
1477:
A Check-list of West Indian
Amphibians and Reptiles
1275:"Field Work in Puerto Rico and a First Lizard Bite"
1504:, new species, pp. 647–651, Figures 98–104).
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
1189:"Seasonality in Ovarian Cycles among Tropical
583:is removed from an environment, the number of
342:International Union for Conservation of Nature
1092:"Nectarivory in Puerto Rican Emerald Anoles (
8:
1344:Powell, Brian; Leal, Manuel (13 July 2011).
1126:
1124:
251:, where it is mainly found in wet forests.
1508:
50:
31:
20:
1418:
1369:
1297:
1295:
476:has also been found to eat the nectar of
993:
991:
989:
611:juveniles. Without the competition with
789:
374:is a species of lizard named after Dr.
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
799:
797:
795:
793:
599:has been found to win encounters over
1728:Taxa named by George Albert Boulenger
870:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
7:
1090:Colón Archilla, Alfredo (Sep 2010).
1703:IUCN Red List least concern species
1481:Carnegie Museum of Natural History
14:
1064:Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. (2018).
998:Giovannotti, M (22 March 2016).
511:females lay eggs and hide them.
75:
537:may also fight over territory.
1302:Cooper, W.E. (24 March 2006).
1103:IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians
818:. Downloaded on 29 March 2021.
1:
1156:10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80952-2
461:Similar to other trunk-crown
1713:Endemic fauna of Puerto Rico
1246:"Family Dactyloidae: Anoles"
1187:; Licht, Paul (March 1974).
924:; Rodriguez-Robles, Javier;
1312:Canadian Journal of Zoology
491:Reproduction and life cycle
1744:
1723:Reptiles described in 1904
753:to move on. Additionally,
607:adults potentially eating
320:is native to and found in
1019:10.1007/s00412-016-0585-6
589:interspecific competition
187:
180:
72:Scientific classification
70:
48:
39:
30:
23:
1131:Losos, Jonathan (1990).
761:Interactions with humans
313:Distribution and habitat
1718:Reptiles of Puerto Rico
806:, Rodriguez C (2020). "
707:predators like snakes.
649:Coloration and behavior
1411:10.1098/rsbl.2011.0848
1362:10.1098/rsbl.2011.0480
551:
376:Barton Warren Evermann
309:
298:
287:
957:10.1007/s004420050658
543:
304:
293:
282:
1070:The Reptile Database
892:The Reptile Database
479:Mecranium latifolium
472:eats small insects.
401:convergent evolution
367:History and taxonomy
297:with extended dewlap
236:included within the
1209:1974Ecol...55..360G
949:1998Oecol.117..273L
42:Conservation status
770:coffee plantations
768:is often found on
552:
547:, a competitor of
310:
299:
288:
1690:
1689:
1514:Taxon identifiers
1185:Gorman, George C.
1094:Anolis evermanni)
880:Hallermann, Jakob
555:Competition with
406:Within the genus
226:small green anole
205:
204:
173:A. evermanni
65:
16:Species of lizard
1735:
1683:
1682:
1673:
1672:
1660:
1659:
1647:
1646:
1634:
1633:
1621:
1620:
1608:
1607:
1595:
1594:
1582:
1581:
1569:
1568:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1552:Anolis evermanni
1541:
1540:
1539:
1522:Anolis evermanni
1509:
1502:Anolis evermanni
1485:Anolis evermanni
1466:Anolis evermanni
1433:
1432:
1422:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1373:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1299:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1273:(18 June 2012).
1267:
1261:
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1242:
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1175:
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1144:Animal Behaviour
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1061:
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1045:
1043:
1041:
1004:
995:
984:
983:
981:
979:
943:(1–2): 273–278.
934:
918:
903:
902:
900:
898:
888:STEJNEGER, 1904"
886:Anolis evermanni
872:
855:
854:
852:
850:
836:
819:
808:Anolis evermanni
801:
558:Anolis gundlachi
549:Anolis evermanni
545:Anolis gundlachi
388:is in the anole
332:small branches.
327:In these areas,
307:Anolis evermanni
295:Anolis evermanni
284:Anolis evermanni
222:Evermann's anole
209:Anolis evermanni
193:
191:Anolis evermanni
80:
79:
59:
54:
53:
35:
25:Anolis evermanni
21:
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1652:Observation.org
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1577:
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1535:
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1516:
1468:, p. 261).
1442:
1440:Further reading
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1436:
1399:Biology Letters
1392:
1391:
1387:
1350:Biology Letters
1343:
1342:
1338:
1328:
1326:
1324:10.1139/z06-018
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1217:10.2307/1935223
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997:
996:
987:
977:
975:
932:
926:Losos, Jonathan
920:
919:
906:
896:
894:
874:
873:
858:
848:
846:
840:"Emerald Anole"
838:
837:
822:
802:
791:
786:
763:
735:
730:
697:
692:
666:
664:Problem solving
651:
640:
562:
528:
517:
498:
493:
459:
446:
437:A. carolinensis
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1488:
1487:, p. 82).
1469:
1462:978-0813010496
1441:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1385:
1336:
1318:(4): 495–504.
1291:
1262:
1237:
1203:(2): 360–369.
1176:
1150:(5): 879–890.
1120:
1082:
1047:
1013:(2): 245–260.
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526:Territoriality
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423:A. coelestinus
378:, an American
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1066:"Dactyloidae"
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218:emerald anole
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212:, also known
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182:Binomial name
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87:
84:
83:
78:
73:
69:
63:
58:
57:Least Concern
47:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1521:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1484:
1476:
1471:Schwartz A,
1465:
1453:
1450:Henderson RW
1405:(1): 42–43.
1402:
1398:
1388:
1356:(1): 28–30.
1353:
1349:
1339:
1327:. Retrieved
1315:
1311:
1305:
1282:. Retrieved
1279:Anole Annals
1278:
1271:Revell, Liam
1265:
1253:. Retrieved
1249:
1240:
1228:. Retrieved
1200:
1196:
1190:
1179:
1167:. Retrieved
1147:
1143:
1134:
1111:. Retrieved
1106:
1102:
1093:
1085:
1073:. Retrieved
1038:. Retrieved
1010:
1006:
976:. Retrieved
940:
936:
922:Leal, Manuel
895:. Retrieved
891:
885:
847:. Retrieved
843:
807:
778:A. evermanni
777:
774:A. evermanni
773:
766:A. evermanni
765:
764:
755:A. evermanni
754:
751:A. evermanni
750:
746:A. evermanni
745:
742:A. evermanni
741:
738:A. evermanni
737:
736:
722:A. evermanni
721:
717:A. evermanni
716:
713:A. evermanni
712:
709:A. evermanni
708:
701:A. evermanni
700:
698:
684:A. evermanni
683:
681:
677:A. evermanni
676:
673:A. evermanni
672:
669:A. evermanni
668:
667:
658:A. evermanni
657:
654:A. evermanni
653:
652:
643:A. evermanni
642:
641:
632:A. gundlachi
631:
628:A. evermanni
627:
625:
621:A. gundlachi
620:
617:A. evermanni
616:
613:A. gundlachi
612:
609:A. evermanni
608:
605:A. gundlachi
604:
601:A. evermanni
600:
597:A. gundlachi
596:
593:A. evermanni
592:
585:A. evermanni
584:
581:A. gundlachi
580:
577:A. evermanni
576:
573:A. gundlachi
572:
569:A. gundlachi
568:
565:A. evermanni
564:
563:
556:
548:
544:
535:A. evermanni
534:
531:A. evermanni
530:
529:
520:A. evermanni
519:
518:
509:A. evermanni
508:
505:A. evermanni
504:
501:A. evermanni
500:
499:
496:Reproduction
485:A. evermanni
484:
477:
474:A. evermanni
473:
470:A. evermanni
469:
462:
460:
450:A. evermanni
449:
447:
435:
434:
427:
421:
415:
412:A. evermanni
411:
407:
405:
396:
392:
386:A. evermanni
385:
384:
372:A. evermanni
371:
370:
361:A. evermanni
360:
358:
354:A. evermanni
353:
350:A. evermanni
349:
346:A. evermanni
345:
339:
336:Conservation
329:A. evermanni
328:
326:
318:A. evermanni
317:
316:
306:
294:
283:
269:A. evermanni
268:
267:
257:A. evermanni
256:
253:A. evermanni
252:
245:A. evermanni
244:
225:
221:
217:
208:
207:
206:
190:
188:
172:
171:
159:
24:
18:
1587:iNaturalist
1546:Wikispecies
1491:Stejneger L
876:Uetz, Peter
705:terrestrial
417:A. allisoni
322:Puerto Rico
264:Description
249:Puerto Rico
241:Dactyloidae
149:Dactyloidae
1697:Categories
1446:Schwartz A
1007:Chromosoma
784:References
733:Locomotion
728:Physiology
429:A. grahami
356:is found.
286:on a beach
224:, and the
135:Suborder:
1670:evermanni
1329:7 October
1284:7 October
1255:7 October
1250:KingSnake
1230:7 October
1169:7 October
1113:7 October
1075:7 October
1040:7 October
978:7 October
937:Oecologia
897:7 October
849:7 October
804:Mahler DL
695:Predators
466:ecomorphs
198:Stejneger
167:Species:
95:Kingdom:
89:Eukaryota
1631:74995322
1605:10986394
1537:Q1884207
1531:Wikidata
1475:(1975).
1473:Thomas R
1452:(1991).
1429:22158735
1380:21752816
1308:lizards"
1193:Lizards"
1164:53167129
1137:lizards"
1109:(3): 145
1035:23204455
1027:27001473
965:28308498
928:(1998).
703:include
515:Behavior
214:commonly
145:Family:
129:Squamata
119:Reptilia
109:Chordata
105:Phylum:
99:Animalia
85:Domain:
62:IUCN 3.1
1579:2467068
1420:3259984
1371:3259950
1225:1935223
1205:Bibcode
1197:Ecology
973:6208194
945:Bibcode
810:". The
690:Enemies
230:species
228:, is a
216:as the
155:Genus:
139:Iguania
125:Order:
115:Class:
60: (
1708:Anoles
1680:184437
1677:uBio:
1644:235305
1618:173892
1460:
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1306:Anolis
1223:
1191:Anolis
1162:
1135:Anolis
1033:
1025:
971:
963:
638:Biting
463:Anolis
444:Genome
426:, and
408:Anolis
397:Anolis
393:Anolis
344:lists
305:Brown
238:family
234:lizard
200:, 1904
160:Anolis
1657:96794
1600:IRMNG
1592:36445
1566:5V5NJ
1221:JSTOR
1160:S2CID
1140:(PDF)
1099:(PDF)
1031:S2CID
1003:(PDF)
969:S2CID
933:(PDF)
390:genus
1639:NCBI
1626:IUCN
1613:ITIS
1574:GBIF
1458:ISBN
1425:PMID
1376:PMID
1331:2021
1286:2021
1257:2021
1232:2021
1171:2021
1115:2021
1077:2021
1042:2021
1023:PMID
980:2021
961:PMID
899:2021
851:2021
812:IUCN
630:and
457:Diet
340:The
1561:CoL
1495:In:
1464:. (
1415:PMC
1407:doi
1366:PMC
1358:doi
1320:doi
1213:doi
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1015:doi
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