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woman in that role. Though Hardy was solely responsible for the writing the code for
Tymshare's time-sharing product, many of her male colleagues assumed her husband had written the OS. It wasn't until she was in the hospital giving birth to her first child, and her coworkers encountered problems that they did not know how to fix, that they began to defer to her as the expert on the system she had written.
210:. She chose physical education because it was the only degree program which allowed her to take math and science courses after her desire to major in chemistry was stymied by the chemistry department head who was opposed to having women in the lab. Following her graduation, she took chemistry classes at
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Hardy worked on some of the first time-sharing systems and computer networks, used by a variety of corporations and government agencies. In 1968 she, with her husband Norm Hardy and LaRoy Tymes, first used minicomputers to log onto mainframe computers. She eventually rose to vice-president, the first
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Hardy's experiences are representative of the state of gendered labor in the field of computing during the mid to late 20th century: despite having technical skills and proving their value as workers, women in computing were continually undervalued as the field rose in power and importance. While at
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In 1956, Hardy entered the programming field after taking IBM's
Programmer Aptitude Test. Her official title was System Service Girl, which is equivalent to the position of a current day system engineer. Hardy then switched to programming and worked in IBM Research, which was in
280:, which sold the timesharing hardware and software developed at Tymshare, under a licensing arrangement, until changing market conditions forced its closure in the early 1990s. She subsequently co-founded Agorics, which focuses on web-based marketplace applications.
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Hardy married, and later divorced, Norman Hardy, also an alumnus of IBM and
Tymshare. She had two daughters, born in 1968 and 1970; one became an environmentalist and the other a costume designer.
187:. Her father had a small advertising agency and her mother, Ruth H. Ewing, was a high school math teacher and homemaker. Hardy was the eldest of five children in a conservative
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IBM, at one point Hardy learned that she was being paid less than one-half of the salary of the lowest ranked man who reported to her. As historians like Nathan
Ensmenger,
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have shown, women programmers were denied credit for their work and historically submerged, leading to an inaccurate view of men's and women's roles in the field.
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In 2004, Hardy retired. She served as co-chair of the
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Programmed
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The
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February 1966, after her husband got a job at IBM in the Bay Area, Hardy got a job at
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in 1962. Hardy was one of a team of five who worked on the
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Hardy, Ann; Brock, David C.; Weber, Marc; Hsu, Hansen (11 July 2016).
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American computer programmer, pioneer of computer time-sharing systems
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and entrepreneur, best known for her pioneering work on computer
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Recoding Gender: Women's
Changing Participation in Computing
525:"Someone Else's Computer: The Prehistory of Cloud Computing"
468:. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press. p. 77.
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Making IT Work: A History of the Computer Services Industry
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Hardy, Ann (3 April 2012). "An Interview with Ann Hardy".
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Free for All: The Internet's Transformation of Journalism
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IEEE Spectrum: Technology, Engineering, and Science News
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For the American epidemiologist and microbiologist, see
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supercomputer project led to an offer to work at the
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328:"Oral History of Ann Hardy â CHM Ref: X7849.2017"
163:, born 20 April 1933) was an American computer
445:Hardy, Norman; Michael, George (23 May 1994).
678:(Interview). Interviewed by Yost, Jeffrey R.
351:"Reunion Roundup: Class of 1951 in San Diego"
265:. She worked for Tymshare from 1966 to 1985.
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416:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
388:"Oral-History: Ann Hardy â Interview #599"
386:Hardy, Ann; Abbate, Janet (15 July 2002).
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261:, a newly formed time-sharing company in
640:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
607:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
572:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
395:Engineering and Technology History Wiki
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705:Tymshare History Notes from Ann Hardy
364:(ETHS) Alumni Association. p. 9.
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239:. She worked at IBM for five years.
735:American women computer scientists
523:Brock, David C. (31 August 2017).
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765:People from Los Altos, California
447:"An Interview with Norman Hardy"
202:. In 1955, Hardy graduated from
272:After Tymshare was acquired by
198:In 1951, Hardy graduated from
23:. For the British artist, see
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675:University of Minnesota
336:Computer History Museum
297:Computer History Museum
191:family. She grew up in
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543:"Meet Agorics' Staff"
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636:Hicks, Mar (2017).
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552:2018-04-10
311:References
165:programmer
114:Programmer
81:California
50:1933-04-20
25:Anne Hardy
688:. OH 458.
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432:978286108
290:Mar Hicks
189:Methodist
154:Ann Hardy
119:Executive
77:Palo Alto
34:Ann Hardy
278:KeyLogic
259:Tymshare
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358:The KIT
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