464:
40:
3655:
3645:
402:" attributed to Nennius written in the 9th century makes extensive use of the Anno Passionis (AP) dating system which was in common use as well as the newer AD dating system. The AP dating system took its start from 'The Year of The Passion'. It is generally accepted by experts there is a 27-year difference between AP and AD reference.
336:, which states that Jesus was "about thirty years old" shortly after "the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar", and hence subtracted thirty years from that date, or that Dionysius counted back 532 years from the first year of his new table. This method was probably the one used by ancient historians such as
691:(641–668) were appointed consuls on the first of January after their accession. All of these emperors, except Justinian, used imperial post-consular years for the years of their reign, along with their regnal years. Long unused, this practice was not formally abolished until Novell XCIV of the law code of
193:
Traditionally, English follows Latin usage by placing the "AD" abbreviation before the year number, though it is also found after the year. In contrast, "BC" is always placed after the year number (for example: 70 BC but AD 70), which preserves syntactic order. The abbreviation "AD" is also
981:
standard designate years so that AD 1 = year 1, 1 BC = year 0, 2 BC = year −1, etc. In common usage, ancient dates are expressed in the Julian calendar, but ISO 8601 uses the
Gregorian calendar and astronomers may use a variety of time scales depending on the application. Thus dates using the year 0
1857:
Joannis
Keppleri Eclogae chronicae: ex epistolis doctissimorum aliquot virorum & suis mutuis, quibus examinantur tempora nobilissima: 1. Herodis Herodiadumque, 2. baptismi & ministerii Christi annorum non plus 2 1/4, 3. passionis, mortis et resurrectionis Dn. N. Iesu Christi, anno aerae
1909:
A celestiall glasse, or, Ephemeris for the year of the
Christian era 1652 being the bissextile or leap-year: contayning the lunations, planetary motions, configurations & ecclipses for this present year ... : with many other things very delightfull and necessary for most sorts of men:
405:
The date of birth of Jesus of
Nazareth is not stated in the gospels or in any secular text, but most scholars assume a date of birth between 6 BC and 4 BC. The historical evidence is too fragmentary to allow a definitive dating, but the date is estimated through two different approaches—one by
615:
in the early Middle Ages. That reckoning of the Year of Grace from
Christmas was used in France, England and most of western Europe (except Spain) until the 12th century (when it was replaced by Annunciation style) and in Germany until the second quarter of the 13th
1115:, reduce the absolute value of the year by 1, and prefix it with a negative sign (unless the result is zero). For years AD, omit the AD and prefix the number with a plus sign (plus sign is optional if it is clear from the context that the year is after the year 0).
1858:
nostrae vulgaris 31. non, ut vulgo 33., 4. belli
Iudaici, quo funerata fuit cum Ierosolymis & Templo Synagoga Iudaica, sublatumque Vetus Testamentum. Inter alia & commentarius in locum Epiphanii obscurissimum de cyclo veteri Iudaeorum
276:
occurred 525 years earlier, without stating the specific year during which his birth or conception occurred. "However, nowhere in his exposition of his table does
Dionysius relate his epoch to any other dating system, whether consulate,
1969:
Year 1: CE – What is nowadays called the 'Current Era' traditionally begins with the birth of a Jewish teacher called Jesus. His followers came to believe he was the promised
Messiah and later split away from Judaism to found
348:, all of whom agree that Jesus was born in 2 BC, probably following this statement of Jesus' age (i.e. subtracting thirty years from AD 29). Alternatively, Dionysius may have used an earlier unknown source. The
706:
around the year AD 400, placing the
Annunciation on 25 March AD 9 (Julian)—eight to ten years after the date that Dionysius was to imply. Although this incarnation was popular during the early centuries of the
363:
It has also been speculated by
Georges Declercq that Dionysius' desire to replace Diocletian years with a calendar based on the incarnation of Christ was intended to prevent people from believing the imminent
448:("in the sixtieth year before the time of the Lord's incarnation"), which is equivalent to the English "before Christ", to identify years before the first year of this era. Both Dionysius and Bede regarded
406:
analyzing references to known historical events mentioned in the Nativity accounts in the Gospels of Luke and Matthew and the second by working backwards from the estimation of the start of the
456:, but "the distinction between Incarnation and Nativity was not drawn until the late 9th century, when in some places the Incarnation epoch was identified with Christ's conception, i. e., the
185:
avoid words or abbreviations related to Christianity, but use the same numbers for AD years (but not for BC years in the case of astronomical years; e.g., 1 BC is year 0, 45 BC is year −44).
584:
When the reckoning from Jesus' incarnation began replacing the previous dating systems in western Europe, various people chose different Christian feast days to begin the year: Christmas,
881:
The "Common/Current Era" ("CE") terminology is often preferred by those who desire a term that does not explicitly make religious references but still uses the same epoch as the
1572:
Doggett 1992, p579: "Although scholars generally believe that Christ was born some years before AD 1, the historical evidence is too sketchy to allow a definitive dating".
3240:
2887:
664:
During the first six centuries of what would come to be known as the Christian era, European countries used various systems to count years. Systems in use included
198:, as in "fourth century AD" or "second millennium AD" (although conservative usage formerly rejected such expressions). Since "BC" is the English abbreviation for
588:, or Easter. Thus, depending on the time and place, the year number changed on different days in the year, which created slightly different styles in chronology:
611:
From 25 December 753 AUC (today in 1 BC), i.e., notionally from the birth of Jesus. It was called "Nativity style" and had been spread by Bede together with the
4244:
3920:
3505:
432:
4556:
546:
was in widespread use by the 9th century, the term "Before Christ" (or its equivalent) did not become common until much later. Bede used the expression
1956:
2361:
1023:
are often capitalized, but this is considered incorrect by some and either not mentioned in major dictionaries or only listed as an alternative.
1236:
2043:
2194:
2140:
1737:
1703:
1473:
1446:
322:
The civil or consular year began on 1 January, but the Diocletian year began on 29 August (30 August in the year before a Julian leap year).
3691:
3032:
646:(r. 1180–1223), maybe to establish a new style in the provinces reconquered from England. However, it never spread beyond the ruling élite.
2445:
95:
and means "in the year of the Lord" but is often presented using "our Lord" instead of "the Lord", taken from the full original phrase "
3323:
752:, "year of the world" (abbreviated AM), by modern scholars, began its first year on 25 March 5492 BC. Later Byzantine chroniclers used
398:
6000 (approximately AD 500) was thus equated with the end of the world but this date had already passed in the time of Dionysius. The "
4561:
4038:
2082:
1796:
1500:
1417:
825:
357:
241:
894:
332:
It is not known how Dionysius established the year of Jesus's birth. One major theory is that Dionysius based his calculation on the
4536:
4239:
3835:
2398:
2350:
2302:
2261:
2242:
2222:
2176:
2121:
1613:
1593:
829:
3875:
2982:
2286:
1727:
680:
1821:
523:
for some time, but usage of AD gradually became more common in Catholic countries from the 11th to the 14th centuries. In 1422,
1312:
4546:
2155:
31:
4285:
2068:
2020:
4033:
1386:
269:
2327:
2312:
4028:
3328:
3266:
3059:
20:
4218:
4088:
3166:
2494:
2048:
1112:
974:
941:
178:
1948:
631:. It soon spread in France and also in England where it became common in the late 12th century and lasted until 1752.
4428:
4408:
3500:
3141:
2650:
1761:
1044:
743:
304:
273:
173:
Terminology that is viewed by some as being more neutral and inclusive of non-Christian people is to call this the
600:
at the end of the 9th century then spread to Burgundy and northern Italy. It was not commonly used and was called
463:
4418:
4390:
4002:
3270:
2208:
813:
296:
260:
247, was immediately followed by the first year of his table, anno Domini 532. When Dionysius devised his table,
970:). There are debates as to whether a new decade, century, or millennium begins on a year ending in zero or one.
206:(i.e., after the death of Jesus), which would mean that the approximately 33 years commonly associated with the
4485:
3684:
3203:
2746:
2687:
739:
369:
253:
4373:
2583:
596:(today in 1 BC), i.e., notionally from the incarnation of Jesus. That first "Annunciation style" appeared in
390:
calendar, Jesus was born in the year 5500 (5500 years after the world was created) with the year 6000 of the
4423:
4160:
4007:
3151:
3020:
2438:
2074:
1667:
870:(found 1615 in Latin), "Vulgar Era" (in English, as early as 1635), "Christian Era" (in English, in 1652), "
496:
476:
4541:
4323:
4124:
3870:
3769:
2977:
2601:
821:
817:
703:
554:(in the year before the birth of Christ) is found in 1474 in a work by a German monk. In 1627, the French
508:
219:
147:
1693:
3925:
3616:
3611:
3378:
1924:
731:
665:
516:
345:
4358:
3604:
885:
notation. For example, Cunningham and Starr (1998) write that "B.C.E./C.E. do not presuppose faith in
2365:
2009:
does appear a number of times. Nowhere in the book is the abbreviation explained or expanded directly.
1907:
272:", which was 525 years "since the incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ". Thus, Dionysius implied that
4299:
4275:
4270:
3485:
3368:
3193:
3101:
2719:
2613:
2529:
1439:
Chronos, Kairos, Christos II: Chronological, Nativity, and Religious Studies in Memory of Ray Summers
1346:
833:
774:
769:
472:
47:
4551:
4385:
4280:
4223:
4198:
4188:
3963:
3860:
3850:
3677:
3567:
3338:
3300:
3136:
3086:
2936:
2914:
2909:
2855:
2785:
2753:
2204:
2053:
837:
643:
292:
268:
who held office that year— Dionysius himself stated that the "present year" was "the consulship of
227:
114:
27:
3074:
1883:
4510:
4490:
4368:
4353:
4338:
4260:
4059:
4023:
3825:
3658:
3475:
3373:
3096:
3039:
3010:
2815:
2795:
2514:
2509:
2473:
2431:
1364:
963:
790:
757:
724:
720:
536:
512:
484:
349:
257:
104:
78:
1559:
619:
From 25 March 754 AUC (today in AD 1). That second "Annunciation style" may have originated in
4318:
4114:
4109:
3953:
3789:
3648:
3587:
3515:
3510:
3256:
3208:
3146:
3126:
2941:
2892:
2862:
2800:
2763:
2758:
2704:
2667:
2608:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2499:
2394:
2346:
2298:
2257:
2238:
2218:
2190:
2172:
2136:
2117:
2078:
1861:
1733:
1699:
1609:
1589:
1496:
1490:
1469:
1463:
1442:
1413:
1407:
1225:
996:
890:
650:
With these various styles, the same day could, in some cases, be dated in 1099, 1100 or 1101.
407:
300:
237:
223:
167:
139:
2390:
1434:
4515:
4464:
4380:
4328:
4104:
4082:
3948:
3845:
3495:
3235:
3225:
3121:
2926:
2921:
2850:
2810:
2790:
2780:
2736:
2662:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2596:
2524:
2504:
1551:
1518:
Declercq, Georges(2000). "Anno Domini. The Origins of the Christian Era" Turnhout, Belgium,
1356:
1032:
844:
was believed to have occurred in the consulate of the Gemini (AD 29), which appears in some
735:
708:
532:
108:
39:
4363:
1791:
1527:
Wallraff, Martin: Julius Africanus und die Christliche Weltchronik. Walter de Gruyter, 2006
1141:
4448:
4413:
4400:
4310:
4168:
4063:
3997:
3958:
3795:
3525:
3520:
3451:
3315:
3280:
3230:
3188:
3106:
3091:
3027:
3015:
3005:
2951:
2882:
2872:
2805:
2768:
2709:
2672:
2625:
2620:
2331:
2316:
2290:
2159:
1852:
1825:
1800:
1390:
1146:
959:
765:
692:
593:
379:
261:
177:(abbreviated as CE), with the preceding years referred to as Before the Common Era (BCE).
82:
3305:
3079:
299:
briefly present arguments for 2 BC, 1 BC, or AD 1 as the year Dionysius intended for the
1983:
1351:
982:
or negative years may require further investigation before being converted to BC or AD.
918:
4348:
4146:
4134:
4078:
4073:
4067:
3992:
3915:
3840:
3490:
3348:
3213:
3198:
3156:
3131:
3069:
3064:
2987:
2972:
2946:
2899:
2877:
2867:
2773:
2741:
2726:
2694:
2677:
2645:
2519:
2478:
2468:
2214:
The Oxford Companion to the Year: an exploration of calendar customs and time-reckoning
1172:
1064:
1048:
991:
805:
639:
559:
333:
245:
92:
4530:
4265:
4183:
4178:
4129:
4119:
3880:
3759:
3218:
3171:
3161:
3116:
3111:
2956:
2931:
2904:
2845:
2828:
2699:
2682:
2563:
2534:
2383:
2339:
2283:
2212:
2166:
1818:
1581:
1552:
1368:
383:
207:
122:
539:
in 1700 when Russia did so, with others adopting it in the 19th and 20th centuries.
4343:
4141:
3855:
3830:
3815:
3781:
3741:
3555:
3530:
3405:
3333:
2823:
2235:
Sharing Shalom: A Process for Local Interfaith Dialogue Between Christians and Jews
1787:
1689:
1231:
966:, AD 1 is immediately preceded by 1 BC, with nothing in between them (there was no
886:
874:" (in English, 1708), and "Current Era". Since 1856, the alternative abbreviations
659:
620:
585:
520:
457:
453:
419:
353:
265:
249:
135:
131:
100:
2150:
1055:) in visually Latin letters, together with the Latin ending -i, thus abbreviating
901:
but used the Western calendar for international purposes. The translated term was
2028:
916:; 'Western Era'). Later, in 1949, the People's Republic of China adopted
4043:
3940:
3902:
3885:
3820:
3734:
3714:
3535:
3430:
3425:
3343:
3181:
2833:
1220:
1099:
845:
786:
688:
684:
669:
528:
504:
468:
365:
312:
286:
1360:
3810:
3805:
3700:
3550:
3545:
3480:
3470:
3465:
3290:
2840:
2655:
2418:
1885:
Ephemerides of the Celestiall Motions, for the Yeers of the Vulgar Era 1633...
1813:
1382:
945:
906:
903:
898:
878:(sometimes written C.E. and B.C.E.) are sometimes used in place of AD and BC.
875:
871:
857:
841:
809:
748:
699:
673:
374:
337:
282:
195:
174:
2324:
2309:
1659:
1248:
1246:
372:
and end of the world would occur 500 years after the birth of Jesus. The old
4500:
4480:
4213:
4173:
3910:
3719:
3628:
3592:
3560:
3456:
3435:
3415:
2539:
2271:
Declercq, G. "Dionysius Exiguus and the Introduction of the Christian Era".
1865:
1763:
search for "ante Christum" in a 1748 reprint of a 1633 abridgement entitled
967:
937:
155:
2323:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 2008-07-16 from New Advent:
4495:
4333:
3977:
3890:
3623:
3599:
3420:
3176:
2454:
1337:
Teres, Gustav (October 1984). "Time computations and Dionysius Exiguus".
978:
794:
716:
624:
579:
524:
515:
ultimately lies at the core of the system's prevalence. According to the
341:
278:
182:
2021:"Justification of the use of "CE" & "BCE" to identify dates. Trends"
1412:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 254, 270, 328, 333, 345–47.
1094:
793:), which began counting from 38 BC, well into the Middle Ages. In 1422,
627:
adopted that style in opposition to that of Pisa, so it got the name of
289:
of Augustus; much less does he explain or justify the underlying date."
4505:
3729:
3724:
949:
779:
51:
1098:
originally meant "of the ordinary people", distinguishing it from the
2070:
Pondering the Passion : what's at stake for Christians and Jews?
953:
719:. This accounts for the seven- or eight-year discrepancy between the
555:
500:
315:
is synonymous with the conception, but some ancient writers, such as
1435:"Josephus Reexamined: Unraveling the Twenty-Second Year of Tiberius"
3930:
3410:
1076:
1060:
597:
511:
popularizing the use of the epoch and spreading it throughout the
462:
441:
38:
623:
in the early 11th century, but it was spread by the Cistercians.
3864:
3746:
3540:
1929:. Vol. 10. London: Printed for H. Rhodes. 1708. p. 513
1059:("of Christ"). This phrase appears upside down in the centre of
605:
423:
316:
163:
159:
107:, and equivalent abbreviations are used in other languages: the
3673:
2427:
1043:(in the year before the birth of Christ) for all years between
928:; 'Common Era') for all purposes domestic and foreign.
3764:
3669:
1586:
Chronos, kairos, Christos: nativity and chronological studies
2423:
426:, who was familiar with the work of Dionysius Exiguus, used
319:, considered incarnation to be synonymous with the Nativity.
252:, as he did not wish to continue the memory of a tyrant who
210:
would be included in neither the BC nor the AD time scales.
26:"AD" and "Christian era" redirect here. For other uses, see
1695:
Marking time: the epic quest to invent the perfect calendar
893:
than the conventional B.C./A.D." Upon its foundation, the
820:
and is still used, officially, by the Coptic Orthodox and
1634:
1324:
1300:
1252:
1196:
328:
There were confused summations of emperors' regnal years.
1492:
The Easter Computus and the Origins of the Christian Era
1409:
The Easter Computus and the Origins of the Christian Era
958:
In the AD year numbering system, whether applied to the
550:(in the year before the incarnation of the Lord) twice.
154:
denoting years before the start of the era. There is no
1538:
Worlds of Arthur: Facts & Fictions of The Dark Ages
570:(Latin for "Before Christ") to mark years prior to AD.
503:
in the late eighth century. Its endorsement by Emperor
1584:"The Date of the Nativity and Chronology of Jesus" in
479:, Vatican City. Charlemagne promoted the usage of the
202:, it is sometimes incorrectly concluded that AD means
2275:
41 (2002): 165–246. An annotated version of part of
1793:
A Handbook of Dates, for students of British history
1495:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 319–56.
446:
ante incarnationis dominicae tempus anno sexagesimo
352:
states that Jesus was born during the consulship of
86:
4473:
4457:
4441:
4399:
4309:
4298:
4253:
4245:
Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP)
4232:
4206:
4197:
4159:
4097:
4052:
4016:
3985:
3976:
3939:
3901:
3780:
3755:
3707:
3580:
3444:
3398:
3387:
3357:
3314:
3249:
3052:
2998:
2965:
2548:
2487:
2461:
2295:
Explanatory supplement to the astronomical almanac.
360:(AD 1), but the logic behind this is also unknown.
134:is based on the traditionally reckoned year of the
2382:
2338:
1803:, Cambridge University Press, 1945–2000, pp. 8–14.
1224:
1160:Etymology: Medieval Latin, in the year of the Lord
1910:calculated exactly and composed for ... Rochester
1732:. Central European University Press. p. 33.
519:, popes continued to date documents according to
2385:The Complete Idiot's Guide to Biblical Mysteries
2233:Cunningham, Philip A.; Starr, Arthur F. (1998).
1913:. London: Printed for the Company of Stationers.
782:, dated in 2016 BC (AD 1 = 2017 Anno Abrahami).
535:countries only began to adopt AD instead of the
368:. At the time, it was believed by some that the
325:There were inaccuracies in the lists of consuls.
99:", which translates to "in the year of our Lord
2116:. American. New York: Oxford University Press.
228:Chronology of Jesus § Year of Jesus' birth
170:but was not widely used until the 9th century.
2362:"Whatever happened to B.C. and A.D., and why?"
2229:Corrected reprinting of original 1999 edition.
2189:(16th ed.). University of Chicago. 2010.
832:churches. Another system was to date from the
797:became the last Catholic country to adopt the
715:, were exclusively used and are still used in
698:Another calculation had been developed by the
634:From Easter, starting in 754 AUC (AD 1). That
3685:
2439:
2254:Anno Domini: the origins of the Christian era
2171:(2nd ed.). University of Chicago. 1993.
808:, which numbered years from the accession of
562:(Dionysius Petavius in Latin), with his work
256:. The last year of the old table, Diocletian
194:widely used after the number of a century or
8:
1625:Bede 731, Book 1, Chapter 2, first sentence.
1215:
1213:
1102:(years since the coronation of the monarch).
785:Spain and Portugal continued to date by the
527:became the last Western European country to
460:on March 25" ("Annunciation style" dating).
433:Ecclesiastical History of the English People
1645:
1643:
1441:. Mercer University Press. pp. 85–96.
1083:alongside all of these terms for all years.
495:was introduced as the era of choice of the
166:. This dating system was devised in 525 by
120:
112:
59:
4306:
4203:
3982:
3777:
3692:
3678:
3670:
3644:
3395:
2556:
2446:
2432:
2424:
1588:by Jerry Vardaman, Edwin M. Yamauchi 1989
378:calendar theoretically commenced with the
2325:Catholic Encyclopedia: General Chronology
2297:Sausalito, CA: University Science Books.
2293:(Ch. 12), in P. Kenneth Seidelmann (Ed.)
2268:(despite beginning with 2, it is English)
1350:
1063:folios (right hand pages). From Jesus to
77:) are used when designating years in the
4240:Global Standard Stratigraphic Age (GSSA)
2152:Historiam ecclesiasticam gentis Anglorum
2044:"On Language: B.C./A.D. or B.C.E./C.E.?"
1860:(in Latin). Francofurti : Tampach.
1819:Chronological Systems of Byzantine Egypt
932:No year zero: start and end of a century
778:used an era beginning with the birth of
2005:does not appear in this book; the term
1926:The History of the Works of the Learned
1882:Kepler, Johann; Vlacq, Adriaan (1635).
1842:, F. Ruehl, Leipzig, 1889, p. 433.
1540:. Oxford University Press, pp 194 - 200
1468:. Hendrickson Publishers. p. 345.
1401:
1399:
1133:
1008:
679:Although the last non-imperial consul,
436:, which he completed in AD 731. In the
394:calendar marking the end of the world.
2114:Oxford Pocket Dictionary and Thesaurus
1267:2010, pp. 476–7; Goldstein 2007, p. 6.
307:. Among the sources of confusion are:
224:Nativity of Jesus § Date of birth
146:counting years from the start of this
1635:Blackburn & Holford-Strevens 2003
1514:
1512:
1325:Blackburn & Holford-Strevens 2003
1301:Blackburn & Holford-Strevens 2003
1253:Blackburn & Holford-Strevens 2003
1197:Blackburn & Holford-Strevens 2003
812:in 284, who launched the most severe
386:. It was believed that, based on the
7:
2364:. United Church News. Archived from
1339:Journal for the History of Astronomy
1288:
756:years from 1 September 5509 BC, the
548:"anno ante incarnationem Dominicam"
264:years were identified by naming the
236:dating system was devised in 525 by
2345:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2217:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2067:Cunningham, Philip A., ed. (2004).
1465:The Handbook of Biblical Chronology
1199:, p. 782 "since AD stands for
889:and hence are more appropriate for
452:as beginning at the incarnation of
4039:Adoption of the Gregorian calendar
2042:Safire, William (17 August 1997).
1315:Introduction and First Argumentum.
824:churches. It was also used by the
764:epoch was dominant throughout the
683:, was appointed in 541 by Emperor
499:by the English cleric and scholar
14:
4557:Latin religious words and phrases
1985:Post-Biblical History of The Jews
1949:"History of Judaism 63BCE–1086CE"
1239:from the original on 5 June 2022.
1079:folios—left hand pages). He used
742:dated their years from Annianus'
654:Other Christian and European eras
642:was introduced in France by king
111:form, rarely used in English, is
3654:
3653:
3643:
2019:Robinson, B.A. (20 April 2009).
1959:from the original on 13 May 2011
1664:New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia
1383:The Calendar FAQ: Counting years
1313:Nineteen year cycle of Dionysius
1047:and Jesus. "xpi" comes from the
244:. His system was to replace the
103:". The form "BC" is specific to
3921:English and British regnal year
3506:English and British regnal year
1558:. Eerdmans Publishing. p.
746:of the world. This era, called
552:"Anno ante Christi nativitatem"
531:the system begun by Dionysius.
97:anno Domini nostri Jesu Christi
1982:Raphall, Morris Jacob (1856).
1729:Measuring time, making history
924:
912:
608:and survived there until 1750.
158:in this scheme; thus the year
32:Christian era (disambiguation)
1:
4034:Old Style and New Style dates
2405:must mean after death not so.
2131:Goldstein, Norm, ed. (2007).
2112:Abate, Frank R., ed. (1997).
1608:by Richard L. Niswonger 1992
1111:To convert from a year BC to
711:, years numbered from it, an
162:immediately follows the year
3986:Pre-Julian / Julian
2360:Riggs, John (January 2003).
1489:Mosshammer, Alden A (2009).
1437:. In Vardaman, Jerry (ed.).
1406:Mosshammer, Alden A (2009).
1203:, 'in the year of (Our) Lord
687:, later emperors through to
491:On the continent of Europe,
382:based on information in the
21:Anno Domini (disambiguation)
4219:Geological history of Earth
4089:Astronomical year numbering
2133:Associated Press Style Book
2049:The New York Times Magazine
1870:anno aerae nostrae vulgaris
1666:. Vol. III. New York:
1177:Online Etymology Dictionary
1113:astronomical year numbering
975:astronomical year numbering
973:For computational reasons,
942:Astronomical year numbering
730:Byzantine chroniclers like
638:(French custom) bound to a
179:Astronomical year numbering
4578:
2252:Declercq, Georges (2000).
2209:Holford-Strevens, Leofranc
1361:10.1177/002182868401500302
935:
862:Alternative names for the
855:
657:
577:
217:
25:
18:
4562:Timelines of Christianity
4391:Thermoluminescence dating
4286:Samarium–neodymium dating
3639:
2559:
2321:The Catholic Encyclopedia
2135:. New York: Basic Books.
1726:Hunt, Lynn Avery (2008).
1389:24 September 2021 at the
1041:Anno ante xpi nativitatem
917:
902:
814:persecution of Christians
297:Leofranc Holford-Strevens
4537:6th-century Christianity
4105:Chinese sexagenary cycle
2381:Ryan, Donald P. (2000).
2337:Richards, E. G. (2000).
2075:Rowman & Littlefield
1955:. BBC. 8 February 2005.
1071:or its abbreviated form
604:since it was adopted in
566:, popularized the usage
370:resurrection of the dead
4319:Amino acid racemisation
2574:Assamese (Bhāshkarābda)
2389:. Alpha Books. p.
2330:25 January 2021 at the
2315:25 January 2021 at the
2289:8 December 2019 at the
2187:Chicago Manual of Style
2168:Chicago Manual of Style
2162:. Retrieved 2007-12-07.
2158:9 November 2020 at the
1906:Sliter, Robert (1652).
1799:5 December 2015 at the
1668:Robert Appleton Company
1550:Dunn, James DG (2003).
1277:Chicago Manual of Style
1265:Chicago Manual of Style
497:Carolingian Renaissance
4324:Archaeomagnetic dating
3836:Era of Caesar (Iberia)
3605:Dungeons & Dragons
3011:Ethiopian and Eritrean
2025:ReligiousTolerance.org
1838:Alfred von Gutschmid,
1829:, Leiden, Brill, 2004.
1698:. Wiley. p. 114.
1462:Finegan, Jack (2015).
488:
248:that had been used in
240:to enumerate years in
220:Date of birth of Jesus
121:
113:
87:
60:
54:
4547:Christian terminology
4224:Geological time units
3617:The Lord of the Rings
3324:Hanke–Henry Permanent
2256:. Turnhout: Brepols.
2097:Doggett, 1992, p. 579
1812:Roger S. Bagnall and
1760:Petau, Denis (1758).
1606:New Testament History
1536:Halsall, Guy (2013).
1433:Beyer, David (1998).
936:Further information:
732:Maximus the Confessor
658:Further information:
578:Further information:
517:Catholic Encyclopedia
483:epoch throughout the
466:
380:creation of the world
254:persecuted Christians
42:
4276:Law of superposition
4271:Isotope geochemistry
2310:"General Chronology"
2308:Patrick, J. (1908).
1988:. Moss & Brother
1824:17 July 2011 at the
1765:Rationarium temporum
1660:"General Chronology"
836:, which as early as
834:crucifixion of Jesus
818:Church of Alexandria
770:Eusebius of Caesarea
629:calculus florentinus
564:De doctrina temporum
477:St. Peter's Basilica
473:Agostino Cornacchini
85:calendars. The term
48:Klagenfurt Cathedral
19:For other uses, see
16:Western calendar era
4409:Fluorine absorption
4386:Luminescence dating
4281:Luminescence dating
4189:Milankovitch cycles
4029:Proleptic Gregorian
3861:Hindu units of time
3329:International Fixed
3267:Proleptic Gregorian
2888:Slavic Native Faith
2368:on 28 February 2014
1381:Tøndering, Claus, "
1352:1984JHA....15..177T
1037:Fasciculus temporum
964:Gregorian calendars
725:Ethiopian calendars
293:Bonnie J. Blackburn
250:older Easter tables
115:ante Christum natum
28:AD (disambiguation)
4511:Terminus post quem
4491:Synchronoptic view
4458:Linguistic methods
4419:Obsidian hydration
4354:Radiometric dating
4339:Incremental dating
4261:Chronostratigraphy
2999:Christian variants
2419:Calendar Converter
1255:, pp. 778–79.
816:, was used by the
791:Era of the Caesars
713:Era of Incarnation
592:From 25 March 753
537:Byzantine calendar
513:Carolingian Empire
489:
485:Carolingian Empire
400:Historia Brittonum
350:Chronograph of 354
274:Jesus' incarnation
55:
4524:
4523:
4437:
4436:
4294:
4293:
4155:
4154:
4110:Geologic Calendar
3972:
3971:
3667:
3666:
3649:List of calendars
3576:
3575:
3275:historiographical
3142:French Republican
3048:
3047:
2806:Manipuri (Meitei)
2282:Doggett. (1992).
2237:. Paulist Press.
2205:Blackburn, Bonnie
2196:978-0-226-10420-1
2142:978-0-465-00489-8
1739:978-963-9776-14-2
1705:978-0-471-29827-4
1475:978-1-61970-641-5
1448:978-0-86554-582-3
1149:Online Dictionary
997:Holocene calendar
895:Republic of China
891:interfaith dialog
440:he also used the
408:ministry of Jesus
311:In modern times,
283:year of the world
238:Dionysius Exiguus
168:Dionysius Exiguus
4569:
4516:ASPRO chronology
4465:Glottochronology
4381:Tephrochronology
4329:Dendrochronology
4307:
4204:
4003:Proleptic Julian
3993:Pre-Julian Roman
3983:
3778:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3671:
3657:
3656:
3647:
3646:
3511:Human (Holocene)
3496:Chinese Imperial
3396:
3316:Reform proposals
3271:Proleptic Julian
3033:Eastern Orthodox
2663:Germanic heathen
2641:Earthly Branches
2557:
2448:
2441:
2434:
2425:
2407:
2388:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2356:
2344:
2267:
2248:
2228:
2200:
2182:
2146:
2127:
2098:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2073:. Lanham, Md. :
2064:
2058:
2057:
2056:on 12 June 2013.
2052:. Archived from
2039:
2033:
2032:
2027:. Archived from
2016:
2010:
2000:
1995:
1993:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1966:
1964:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1849:
1843:
1840:Kleine Schriften
1836:
1830:
1810:
1804:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1656:
1650:
1647:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1623:
1617:
1603:
1597:
1579:
1573:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1557:
1554:Jesus Remembered
1547:
1541:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1507:
1506:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1403:
1394:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1354:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1241:
1240:
1228:
1217:
1208:
1206:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1155:
1138:
1116:
1109:
1103:
1090:
1084:
1067:he usually used
1033:Werner Rolevinck
1030:
1024:
1013:
926:
921:
914:
909:
736:George Syncellus
709:Byzantine Empire
602:calculus pisanus
533:Eastern Orthodox
366:end of the world
242:his Easter table
126:
118:
90:
63:
4577:
4576:
4572:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4566:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4520:
4469:
4453:
4449:Molecular clock
4442:Genetic methods
4433:
4414:Nitrogen dating
4401:Relative dating
4395:
4364:Potassium–argon
4311:Absolute dating
4301:
4290:
4249:
4228:
4193:
4169:Cosmic Calendar
4161:Astronomic time
4151:
4093:
4048:
4012:
3998:Original Julian
3968:
3935:
3897:
3796:Ab urbe condita
3774:
3751:
3703:
3698:
3668:
3663:
3635:
3572:
3526:Nirayana system
3452:Ab urbe condita
3440:
3392:
3390:
3383:
3362:
3360:
3353:
3310:
3261:anthropological
3245:
3044:
3028:Liturgical year
2994:
2961:
2553:
2551:
2544:
2483:
2457:
2452:
2415:
2410:
2401:
2380:
2371:
2369:
2359:
2353:
2336:
2332:Wayback Machine
2317:Wayback Machine
2291:Wayback Machine
2264:
2251:
2245:
2232:
2225:
2203:
2197:
2185:
2179:
2165:
2160:Wayback Machine
2143:
2130:
2124:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2077:. p. 193.
2066:
2065:
2061:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2031:on 11 May 2011.
2018:
2017:
2013:
1991:
1989:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1962:
1960:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1932:
1930:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1890:
1888:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1853:Johannes Kepler
1851:
1850:
1846:
1837:
1833:
1826:Wayback Machine
1811:
1807:
1801:Wayback Machine
1786:
1782:
1772:
1770:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1673:
1671:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1641:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1604:
1600:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1567:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1476:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1449:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1420:
1405:
1404:
1397:
1391:Wayback Machine
1380:
1376:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1323:
1319:
1311:
1307:
1299:
1295:
1287:
1283:
1279:, 1993, p. 304.
1275:
1271:
1263:
1259:
1251:
1244:
1219:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1195:
1191:
1181:
1179:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1153:
1151:
1147:Merriam Webster
1140:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1110:
1106:
1091:
1087:
1031:
1027:
1014:
1010:
1005:
988:
956:
934:
860:
854:
822:Coptic Catholic
766:Christian world
695:did so in 888.
674:Creation dating
666:consular dating
662:
656:
644:Philip Augustus
582:
576:
416:
262:Julian calendar
230:
216:
191:
46:inscription at
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4575:
4573:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4529:
4528:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4486:New Chronology
4483:
4477:
4475:
4474:Related topics
4471:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4445:
4443:
4439:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4405:
4403:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4351:
4349:Paleomagnetism
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4315:
4313:
4304:
4296:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4257:
4255:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4242:
4236:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4210:
4208:
4201:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4165:
4163:
4157:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4147:New Earth Time
4144:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4132:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4101:
4099:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4086:
4076:
4071:
4056:
4054:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4008:Revised Julian
4005:
4000:
3995:
3989:
3987:
3980:
3974:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3945:
3943:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3926:Lists of kings
3923:
3918:
3916:Canon of Kings
3913:
3907:
3905:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3868:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3841:Before present
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3799:
3792:
3786:
3784:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3738:
3737:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3674:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3651:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3621:
3609:
3597:
3584:
3582:
3578:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3501:Chinese Minguo
3498:
3493:
3491:Before Present
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3459:
3454:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3402:
3400:
3393:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3365:
3363:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3320:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3067:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3013:
3008:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2988:Calendar round
2985:
2975:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2902:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2646:Heavenly Stems
2643:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
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2436:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2414:
2413:External links
2411:
2409:
2408:
2399:
2378:
2357:
2351:
2334:
2306:
2280:
2273:Sacris Erudiri
2269:
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2201:
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2183:
2177:
2163:
2147:
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2128:
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2106:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2090:
2084:978-0742532182
2083:
2059:
2034:
2011:
1974:
1940:
1916:
1898:
1874:
1844:
1831:
1805:
1780:
1767:by Denis Petau
1752:
1738:
1718:
1704:
1681:
1651:
1639:
1637:, p. 881.
1627:
1618:
1598:
1574:
1565:
1542:
1529:
1520:
1508:
1502:978-0191562365
1501:
1481:
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1447:
1425:
1419:978-0191562365
1418:
1395:
1374:
1329:
1327:, p. 778.
1317:
1305:
1303:, p. 767.
1293:
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1189:
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1104:
1085:
1065:Pope Sixtus IV
1025:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
999:
994:
992:Before Present
987:
984:
933:
930:
868:vulgaris aerae
856:Main article:
853:
850:
806:Era of Martyrs
655:
652:
648:
647:
640:moveable feast
636:mos gallicanus
632:
617:
609:
575:
572:
509:his successors
430:dating in his
415:
414:Popularization
412:
334:Gospel of Luke
330:
329:
326:
323:
320:
258:Anno Martyrium
246:Diocletian era
215:
212:
190:
187:
93:Medieval Latin
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4574:
4563:
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4542:Calendar eras
4540:
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4308:
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4300:Chronological
4297:
4287:
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4282:
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4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4266:Geochronology
4264:
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4209:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4199:Geologic time
4196:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4184:Metonic cycle
4182:
4180:
4179:Galactic year
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4126:
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4121:
4120:ISO week date
4118:
4116:
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3990:
3988:
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3862:
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3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3826:Byzantine era
3824:
3822:
3819:
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3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3787:
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3783:
3782:Calendar eras
3779:
3776:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3754:
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3745:
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3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3476:Anno Martyrum
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3437:
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3432:
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3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3394:
3391:and numbering
3386:
3380:
3377:
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3370:
3367:
3366:
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3356:
3350:
3347:
3345:
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3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3307:
3306:'Pataphysical
3304:
3302:
3299:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3279:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3265:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3075:Tōnalpōhualli
3073:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3041:
3038:
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3030:
3029:
3026:
3022:
3019:
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3009:
3007:
3004:
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2997:
2989:
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2898:
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2857:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2829:Vikram Samvat
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
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2779:
2775:
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2762:
2760:
2757:
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2752:
2748:
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2740:
2739:
2738:
2735:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2683:Vikram Samvat
2681:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2547:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2449:
2444:
2442:
2437:
2435:
2430:
2429:
2426:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2406:
2402:
2400:0-02-863831-X
2396:
2392:
2387:
2386:
2379:
2367:
2363:
2358:
2354:
2352:0-19-286205-7
2348:
2343:
2342:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2303:0-935702-68-7
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2285:
2281:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2265:
2263:2-503-51050-7
2259:
2255:
2250:
2246:
2244:0-8091-3835-2
2240:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2224:0-19-214231-3
2220:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2178:0-226-10389-7
2174:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2149:Bede. (731).
2148:
2144:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2123:0-19-513097-9
2119:
2115:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2094:
2091:
2086:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2063:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2038:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2007:Christian era
2004:
1999:
1987:
1986:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1928:
1927:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1911:
1902:
1899:
1887:
1886:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1835:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1815:
1814:Klaas A. Worp
1809:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1781:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1756:
1753:
1741:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1722:
1719:
1707:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1690:Steel, Duncan
1685:
1682:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1652:
1649:Patrick, 1908
1646:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1628:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1614:0-310-31201-9
1611:
1607:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1594:0-931464-50-1
1591:
1587:
1583:
1582:Paul L. Maier
1578:
1575:
1569:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1555:
1546:
1543:
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1533:
1530:
1524:
1521:
1515:
1513:
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1498:
1494:
1493:
1485:
1482:
1477:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1458:
1455:
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1444:
1440:
1436:
1429:
1426:
1421:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1345:(3): 177–88.
1344:
1340:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1294:
1291:, p. 15.
1290:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1227:
1223:(July 1997).
1222:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1190:
1178:
1174:
1173:"Anno Domini"
1168:
1165:
1161:
1150:
1148:
1143:
1142:"anno Domini"
1137:
1134:
1127:
1122:
1114:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1012:
1009:
1002:
998:
995:
993:
990:
989:
985:
983:
980:
976:
971:
969:
965:
961:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
931:
929:
927:
920:
915:
908:
905:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
879:
877:
873:
869:
865:
859:
851:
849:
848:manuscripts.
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
802:
800:
796:
792:
789:(also called
788:
783:
781:
777:
776:
771:
767:
763:
759:
758:Byzantine Era
755:
751:
750:
745:
741:
737:
733:
728:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
705:
701:
696:
694:
690:
686:
682:
677:
675:
671:
667:
661:
653:
651:
645:
641:
637:
633:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
590:
589:
587:
581:
573:
571:
569:
568:ante Christum
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
465:
461:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
434:
429:
425:
421:
413:
411:
409:
403:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
384:Old Testament
381:
377:
376:
371:
367:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
327:
324:
321:
318:
314:
310:
309:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
288:
284:
280:
275:
271:
270:Probus Junior
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
229:
225:
221:
213:
211:
209:
208:life of Jesus
205:
201:
200:Before Christ
197:
188:
186:
184:
180:
176:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
128:
125:
124:
123:ante Christum
117:
116:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
89:
84:
80:
76:
72:
71:before Christ
68:
64:
62:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
22:
4429:Stratigraphy
4374:Uranium–lead
4344:Lichenometry
4142:Winter count
4125:Mesoamerican
4053:Astronomical
3871:Mesoamerican
3856:Sothic cycle
3831:Seleucid era
3816:Bosporan era
3804: /
3801:
3794:
3742:Paleontology
3627:
3615:
3612:Middle-earth
3603:
3591:
3461:
3361:applications
3359:Displays and
3269: /
3250:By specialty
3219:
3080:Xiuhpōhualli
2978:Mesoamerican
2824:Nepal Sambat
2495:Astronomical
2404:
2384:
2370:. Retrieved
2366:the original
2341:Mapping Time
2340:
2320:
2294:
2276:
2272:
2253:
2234:
2213:
2186:
2167:
2151:
2132:
2113:
2093:
2069:
2062:
2054:the original
2047:
2037:
2029:the original
2024:
2014:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1990:. Retrieved
1984:
1977:
1970:Christianity
1968:
1961:. Retrieved
1952:
1943:
1931:. Retrieved
1925:
1919:
1908:
1901:
1884:
1877:
1869:
1856:
1847:
1839:
1834:
1817:
1808:
1792:
1788:C. R. Cheney
1783:
1771:. Retrieved
1766:
1762:
1755:
1743:. Retrieved
1728:
1721:
1709:. Retrieved
1694:
1684:
1672:. Retrieved
1663:
1654:
1630:
1621:
1605:
1601:
1585:
1577:
1568:
1553:
1545:
1537:
1532:
1523:
1491:
1484:
1464:
1457:
1438:
1428:
1408:
1377:
1342:
1338:
1332:
1320:
1308:
1296:
1284:
1276:
1272:
1264:
1260:
1232:The Atlantic
1230:
1221:Teresi, Dick
1200:
1192:
1180:. Retrieved
1176:
1167:
1159:
1152:. Retrieved
1145:
1136:
1107:
1093:
1088:
1080:
1072:
1069:Anno Christi
1068:
1056:
1052:
1040:
1039:(1474) used
1036:
1028:
1020:
1016:
1011:
972:
957:
923:
911:
897:adopted the
882:
880:
867:
866:era include
863:
861:
803:
798:
784:
773:
761:
760:. No single
753:
747:
729:
712:
697:
678:
672:dating, and
663:
660:Calendar era
649:
635:
628:
621:Fleury Abbey
612:
601:
586:Annunciation
583:
567:
563:
551:
547:
543:
541:
521:regnal years
492:
490:
480:
458:Annunciation
454:Jesus Christ
449:
445:
437:
431:
427:
417:
404:
399:
395:
391:
387:
373:
362:
331:
291:
233:
231:
203:
199:
192:
172:
151:
143:
132:calendar era
129:
101:Jesus Christ
96:
74:
70:
66:
58:
56:
43:
36:
4369:Radiocarbon
4044:Dual dating
3903:Regnal year
3881:Short Count
3821:Bostran era
3802:Anno Domini
3735:Big History
3715:Archaeology
3462:Anno Domini
3431:Regnal year
3426:Regnal name
3399:Terminology
3389:Year naming
3344:Symmetry454
3194:Pentecontad
3117:Culāsakaraj
3102:Cappadocian
2834:Yele Sambat
2720:Zoroastrian
2614:Bangladeshi
2552:limited use
2530:Solar Hijri
2525:Lunar Hijri
2488:In wide use
2372:19 December
2284:"Calendars"
2277:Anno Domini
1201:anno Domini
1100:regnal date
883:anno Domini
864:anno Domini
799:anno Domini
787:Spanish Era
700:Alexandrian
689:Constans II
685:Justinian I
670:regnal year
668:, imperial
613:anno Domini
560:Denis Pétau
558:theologian
544:anno Domini
505:Charlemagne
493:anno Domini
481:anno Domini
475:(1725), at
469:Charlemagne
450:anno Domini
428:anno Domini
420:Anglo-Saxon
313:incarnation
305:incarnation
287:regnal year
234:anno Domini
204:After Death
88:anno Domini
61:anno Domini
44:Anno Domini
4552:Chronology
4531:Categories
3964:Vietnamese
3876:Long Count
3811:Anno Mundi
3806:Common Era
3708:Key topics
3701:Chronology
3568:Vietnamese
3481:Anno Mundi
3471:Anno Lucis
3466:Common Era
3369:Electronic
3339:Positivist
3301:Discordian
3291:Dreamspell
3226:Sexagenary
3167:Macedonian
3137:Florentine
3087:Babylonian
3053:Historical
2983:Long Count
2937:Vietnamese
2893:Macedonian
2856:Nanakshahi
2786:Lithuanian
2656:Solar term
2003:common era
1889:Retrieved
1674:25 October
1616:pp. 121–24
1596:pp. 113–29
1123:References
1081:Anno mundi
1015:The words
946:Millennium
899:Minguo Era
876:CE and BCE
872:Common Era
858:Common Era
852:CE and BCE
842:Tertullian
838:Hippolytus
810:Diocletian
762:Anno Mundi
754:Anno Mundi
749:Anno Mundi
740:Theophanes
467:Statue of
422:historian
396:Anno Mundi
392:Anno Mundi
388:Anno Mundi
375:Anno Mundi
346:Epiphanius
338:Tertullian
218:See also:
196:millennium
175:Common Era
142:of Jesus,
136:conception
57:The terms
4501:Year zero
4481:Chronicle
4424:Seriation
4359:Lead–lead
4233:Standards
4214:Deep time
4174:Ephemeris
4060:Lunisolar
4024:Gregorian
4017:Gregorian
3978:Calendars
3941:Era names
3911:Anka year
3790:Human Era
3720:Astronomy
3629:Star Trek
3593:Discworld
3588:Discworld
3581:Fictional
3457:Anka year
3436:Year zero
3416:Leap year
3374:Perpetual
3097:Byzantine
2816:Mongolian
2796:Malayalam
2540:Unix time
2515:Gregorian
2510:Ethiopian
2474:Lunisolar
2455:Calendars
2001:The term
1369:117094612
1289:Ryan 2000
1182:4 October
1128:Citations
1092:The word
968:year zero
938:Year zero
826:Ethiopian
775:Chronicle
721:Gregorian
542:Although
529:switch to
156:year zero
119:(ACN) or
79:Gregorian
4496:Timeline
4334:Ice core
4207:Concepts
3954:Japanese
3886:Tzolk'in
3851:Egyptian
3659:Category
3624:Stardate
3600:Greyhawk
3531:Seleucid
3516:Japanese
3486:Assyrian
3421:New Year
3257:Holocene
3209:Rapa Nui
3182:Tzolkʼin
3147:Germanic
3127:Egyptian
2863:Romanian
2841:Nisg̱a'a
2801:Mandaean
2791:Maithili
2764:Javanese
2759:Japanese
2714:medieval
2668:Georgian
2579:Assyrian
2569:Armenian
2500:Buddhist
2328:Archived
2313:Archived
2287:Archived
2211:(2003).
2156:Archived
1957:Archived
1953:BBC Team
1866:62188677
1855:(1615).
1822:Archived
1797:Archived
1692:(2000).
1387:Archived
1237:Archived
1073:Anno xpi
1045:creation
986:See also
979:ISO 8601
977:and the
925:gōngyuán
846:medieval
830:Eritrean
801:system.
795:Portugal
744:creation
717:Ethiopia
704:Annianus
681:Basilius
625:Florence
616:century.
580:New Year
574:New year
525:Portugal
342:Eusebius
301:Nativity
279:Olympiad
183:ISO 8601
4506:Floruit
4254:Methods
4115:Iranian
4083:Islamic
3949:Chinese
3760:Periods
3730:History
3725:Geology
3556:Dvapara
3536:Spanish
3445:Systems
3295:New Age
3285:Martian
3241:Turkmen
3236:Swedish
3122:Coligny
3060:Arabian
3021:Revised
2927:Tripuri
2922:Tibetan
2878:Sesotho
2851:Punjabi
2811:Melanau
2781:Kurdish
2747:Tabular
2737:Islamic
2705:Iranian
2636:Chinese
2631:Burmese
2609:Bengali
2597:Pawukon
2550:In more
2505:Chinese
2462:Systems
2105:Sources
1998:CE BCE.
1347:Bibcode
1057:Christi
950:Century
913:xī yuán
780:Abraham
772:in his
444:phrase
438:History
358:Paullus
266:consuls
214:History
105:English
52:Austria
4302:dating
4098:Others
4064:Hebrew
3959:Korean
3770:Epochs
3521:Korean
3281:Darian
3231:Soviet
3204:Qumran
3189:Muisca
3107:Celtic
3092:Bulgar
3040:Saints
3016:Julian
3006:Coptic
2952:Yoruba
2883:Slavic
2873:Somali
2820:Nepal
2769:Korean
2731:Gaelic
2710:Jalali
2673:Hebrew
2651:Minguo
2626:Borana
2621:Berber
2584:Baháʼí
2397:
2349:
2301:
2260:
2241:
2221:
2193:
2175:
2139:
2120:
2081:
1992:18 May
1963:18 May
1933:18 May
1891:18 May
1864:
1773:1 June
1745:1 June
1736:
1711:1 June
1702:
1670:. 1908
1612:
1592:
1499:
1472:
1445:
1416:
1367:
1226:"Zero"
1095:vulgar
1021:before
960:Julian
954:Decade
952:, and
887:Christ
738:, and
693:Leo VI
556:Jesuit
501:Alcuin
354:Caesar
226:, and
127:(AC).
83:Julian
69:) and
4135:Aztec
4079:Lunar
4074:Solar
4068:Hindu
3931:Limmu
3891:Haab'
3846:Hijri
3551:Treta
3546:Satya
3541:Yugas
3411:Epoch
3349:World
3214:Roman
3199:Pisan
3177:Haabʼ
3157:Hindu
3152:Greek
3132:Enoch
3070:Aztec
3065:Attic
2973:Runic
2966:Types
2947:Xhosa
2942:Wicca
2915:solar
2910:lunar
2900:Tamil
2868:Shona
2774:Juche
2742:Fasli
2727:Irish
2695:Hmong
2678:Hindu
2593:Bali
2588:Badí‘
2520:Hindu
2479:Solar
2469:Lunar
2319:. In
1365:S2CID
1154:9 May
1077:verso
1061:recto
1049:Greek
1003:Notes
702:monk
598:Arles
442:Latin
285:, or
189:Usage
148:epoch
140:birth
130:This
109:Latin
4130:Maya
3865:Yuga
3765:Eras
3747:Time
3561:Kali
3379:Wall
3220:Rumi
3172:Maya
3162:Inca
3112:Cham
2957:Zulu
2932:Tulu
2905:Thai
2846:Odia
2754:Jain
2700:Igbo
2688:Saka
2602:Saka
2564:Akan
2395:ISBN
2374:2005
2347:ISBN
2299:ISBN
2258:ISBN
2239:ISBN
2219:ISBN
2191:ISBN
2173:ISBN
2137:ISBN
2118:ISBN
2079:ISBN
1994:2011
1965:2011
1935:2011
1893:2011
1862:OCLC
1775:2010
1747:2010
1734:ISBN
1713:2010
1700:ISBN
1676:2011
1610:ISBN
1590:ISBN
1497:ISBN
1470:ISBN
1443:ISBN
1414:ISBN
1184:2011
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1075:(on
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1019:and
1017:anno
840:and
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507:and
424:Bede
418:The
356:and
317:Bede
295:and
232:The
181:and
164:1 BC
160:AD 1
150:and
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3406:Era
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