215:("Annals of Economic and Social History"), founded in 1929 by Lucien Febvre and Marc Bloch, which broke radically with traditional historiography by insisting on the importance of taking all levels of society into consideration and emphasized the collective nature of mentalities. Its contributors viewed events as less fundamental than the mental frameworks that shaped decisions and practices. However, informal successor as head of the school was Le Roy Ladurie. Multiple responses were attempted by the school. Scholars moved in multiple directions, covering in disconnected fashion the social, economic, and cultural history of different eras and different parts of the globe. By the time of the crisis the school was building a vast publishing and research network reaching across France, Europe, and the rest of the world. Influence spread out from Paris, but few new ideas came in. Much emphasis was given to quantitative data, seen as the key to unlocking all of social history. However, the
855:
reading and writing from copying and translating to composing new texts. Under the heading of "materials", his class examines the relations between different kinds of writing surfaces (including stone, wax, parchment, paper, walls, textiles, the body, and the heart), writing implements (including styluses, pens, pencils, needles, and brushes), and material forms (including scrolls, erasable tables, codices, broadsides and printed forms and books). Under the heading of "places", his class explores where texts were made, read, and listened to, including monasteries, schools and universities, offices of the state, the shops of merchants and booksellers, printing houses, theaters, libraries, studies, and closets. The texts for his course include the
851:. He frequently lectures and teaches in the United States, Spain, Mexico, Brazil and Argentina. His work in Early Modern European History focuses on the history of education, the history of the book and the history of reading. Recently, he has been concerned with the relationship between written culture as a whole and literature (particularly theatrical plays) for France, England and Spain. His work in this specific field (based on the criss-crossing between literary criticism, bibliography, and sociocultural history) is connected to broader historiographical and methodological interests which deal with the relation between history and other disciplines: philosophy, sociology, anthropology.
551:. The kings of France and England indeed regularly practiced the ritual. Bloch was not concerned with the effectiveness of the royal touch—he acted instead like an anthropologist in asking why people believed it and how it shaped relations between king and commoner. The book was highly influential in introducing comparative studies (in this case France and England), as well as long durations ("longue durée") studies spanning several centuries, even up to a thousand years, downplaying short-term events. Bloch's revolutionary charting of mentalities, or
625:
and demography as long-term factors. They believed the continuities of the deepest structures were central to history, beside which upheavals in institutions or the superstructure of social life were of little significance, for history lies beyond the reach of conscious actors, especially the will of revolutionaries. They rejected the
Marxist idea that history should be used as a tool to foment and foster revolutions. In turn the Marxists called them conservatives.
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357:(many members of which were their colleagues at Strasbourg) to produce an approach which rejected the predominant emphasis on politics, diplomacy and war of many 19th and early 20th-century historians as spearheaded by historians whom Febvre called Les Sorbonnistes. Instead, they pioneered an approach to a study of long-term historical structures (
379:(1886–1944) was a quintessential modernist who studied at the elite École Normale Supérieure, and in Germany, serving as a professor at the University of Strasbourg until he was called to the Sorbonne in Paris in 1936 as professor of economic history. Bloch's interests were highly interdisciplinary, influenced by the geography of
4777:
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Spanish historiography was influenced by the "Annales School" starting in 1950 with Jaume Vicens Vives (1910–1960). In Mexico, exiled
Republican intellectuals extended the Annales approach, particularly from the Center for Historical Studies of El Colegio de México, the leading graduate studies institution of Latin America.
624:
historians, after living through two world wars and incredible political upheavals in France, were deeply uncomfortable with the notion that multiple ruptures and discontinuities created history. They preferred to stress inertia and the longue durée. Special attention was paid to geography, climate,
310:
The scope of topics covered by the journal is vast and experimental—there is a search for total history and new approaches. The emphasis is on social history, and very long-term trends, often using quantification and paying special attention to geography and to the intellectual world view of common
854:
Chartier's typical undergraduate course focuses upon the making, remaking, dissemination, and reading of texts in early modern Europe and
America. Under the heading of "practices", his class considers how readers read and marked up their books, forms of note-taking, and the interrelation between
609:
Fernand
Braudel became the leader of the second generation after 1945. He obtained funding from the Rockefeller Foundation in New York and founded the 6th Section of the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, which was devoted to the study of history and the social sciences. It became an independent
765:
was the founder of a new
Venezuelan historiography based largely on the ideas of the Annales School. Brito Figueroa carried his conception of the field to all levels of university study, emphasizing a systematic and scientific approach to history and placing it squarely in the social sciences.
4071:
372:, or the psychology of the epoch, are also characteristic areas of study. The goal of the Annales was to undo the work of the Sorbonnistes, to turn French historians away from the narrowly political and diplomatic toward the new vistas in social and economic history.
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420:
relegated the sensational to the sidelines and was reluctant to give a simple accounting of events, but strove on the contrary to pose and solve problems and, neglecting surface disturbances, to observe the long and medium-term evolution of economy, society and
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638:) was his most influential. This vast panoramic view used ideas from other social sciences, employed effectively the technique of the longue durée, and downplayed the importance of specific events and individuals. It stressed geography but not
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school, especially its use of social structures as explanatory forces, contained the seeds of its own downfall, for there is "no longer any implicit consensus on which to base the unity of the social, identified with the real". The
93:, which remains the main source of scholarship, along with many books and monographs. The school has been influential in setting the agenda for historiography in France and numerous other countries, especially regarding the use of
753:
and Polish scholars continued until the early 1980s. The reciprocal influence between the French school and Polish historiography was particularly evident in studies on the Middle Ages and the early modern era studied by
Braudel.
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694:
by
Braudel's star pupil and successor Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie. The regionalist tradition flourished especially in the 1960s and 1970s in the work of Pierre Goubert in 1960 on Beauvais and René Baehrel on Basse-Provence.
5703:
454:
797:. American, German, Indian, Russian and Japanese scholars generally ignored the school. The Americans developed their own form of "new social history" from entirely different roots. Both the American and the
4093:
644:. It was widely admired, but most historians did not try to replicate it and instead focused on their specialized monographs. The book dramatically raised the worldwide profile of the Annales School.
465:
approach in the 1940s and 1950s. It was during this time that he mentored
Braudel, who would become one of the best-known exponents of this school. Braudel's work came to define a "second" era of
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focused attention on the synthesizing of historical patterns identified from social, economic, and cultural history, statistics, medical reports, family studies, and even psychoanalysis.
4404:
112:), with little interest in later topics. It has dominated French social history and heavily influenced historiography in Europe and Latin America. Prominent leaders include co-founders
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was viewed internationally as a Dutch counterpart of the
Annales school, although Slicher van Bath himself vehemently rejected the idea of a quantitative "school" of historiography.
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745:. After the Communists took control in the 1940s Polish scholars were safer working on the Middle Ages and the early modern era rather than contemporary history. After the "
703:(Agen and Layrac), and Jean-Claude Perrot (Caen). By the 1970s the shift was underway from the earlier economic history to cultural history and the history of mentalities.
4857:
952:
880:
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611:
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historians in the 1970s and 1980s turned to urban regions, including Pierre Deyon (Amiens), Maurice Garden (Lyon), Jean-Pierre Bardet (Rouen), Georges Freche (Toulouse),
219:
ignored the developments in quantitative studies underway in the U.S. and
Britain, which reshaped economic, political, and demographic research. An attempt to require an
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2012:
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Nil Santiáñez-Tió, "Temporalidad y discurso histórico: Propuesta de una renovación metodológica de la historia de la literatura española moderna". .
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and later in Paris. These authors, the former a medieval historian and the latter an early modernist, quickly became associated with the distinctive
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history had become interdisciplinary to the point of fragmentation, but still lacked a solid theoretical basis. While not explicitly rejecting
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Colin Jones, "Olwen Hufton's 'Poor', Richard Cobb's 'People', and the Notions of the longue durée in French Revolutionary Historiography",
89:
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approach to stress slow, and often imperceptible effects of space, climate and technology on the actions of human beings in the past. The
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741:(1931– ), were attracted to the innovations of the Annales school. Rutkowski was in contact with Bloch and others, and published in the
665:, French history supposedly happened in Paris. Febvre broke decisively with this paradigm in 1912, with his sweeping doctoral thesis on
4744:
1634:
Herubel, Jean-Pierre V. M. "Historiography's Horizon and Imperative: Febvrian Annales Legacy and Library History as Cultural History",
1104:
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Steiner, Frederick. "Material Life: Human Ecology and the Annales School", Landscape Architecture Volume 76, Number 1, pp. 69–75.
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historiography and was influential throughout the 1960s and 1970s, especially for his work on the Mediterranean region in the era of
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gospel across Europe and the world. In 2013, it began publication of an English language edition, with all the articles translated.
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In 1962, Braudel and Gaston Berger used Ford Foundation money and government funds to create a new independent foundation, the
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Aurell i Cardona, Jaume. "Autobiographical Texts as Historiographical Sources: Rereading Fernand Braudel and Annie Kriegel",
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317:). Little attention is paid to political, diplomatic, or military history, or to biographies of famous men. Instead the
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Megill, Allan. "Coherence and Incoherence in Historical Studies: From the Annales School to the New Cultural History",
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Ernst Hinrichs, "Provinzen, Landschaften, Regionen in Der Modernen Französischen Geschichtswissenschaft – Ein Essay",
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479:(the quasi motionless history) of historical geography, the history of social, political and economic structures (
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690:. Instead they focused on regions in France over long stretches of time. The most important was the study of the
769:
British historians, apart from a few Marxists, were generally hostile. Academic historians decidedly sided with
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Schilling, Derek. "Everyday Life and the Challenge to History in Postwar France: Braudel, Lefebvre, Certeau",
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1234:"L'univers des gens de bien, Culture et comportements des élites urbaines en Agenais-Condomois au 17e siècle"
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775:
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492:
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366:) over events and political transformations. Geography, material culture, and what later Annalistes called
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Wallerstein, Immanuel M. 2004. World-Systems Analysis: An Introduction. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
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school systematically reached out to create an impact on other countries. Its success varied widely. The
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1265:
Confession and Community in Seventeenth-century France: Catholic and Protestant Coexistence in Aquitaine
1078:
749:" of 1956 the Sixth Section in Paris welcomed Polish historians and exchanges between the circle of the
538:
473:. Braudel developed the idea, often associated with Annalistes, of different modes of historical time:
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844:
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583:'s structures of historical time and linked mentalities with changing social conditions. A flood of
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1914:
Inscription and Erasure: Literature and Written Culture from the Eleventh to the Eighteenth Century
780:
732:
105:
97:
methods by historians, emphasizing social and economic rather than political or diplomatic themes.
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Historiography in the Twentieth Century: From Scientific Objectivity to the Postmodern Challenge
1676:
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988:
Historiography in the Twentieth Century: From Scientific Objectivity to the Postmodern Challenge
677:. The geography and social structure of this region overwhelmed and shaped the king's policies.
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studies based on these approaches appeared during the 1970s and 1980s. By the 1990s, however,
516:
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relocated to the FMSH building. FMSH set up elaborate international networks to spread the
299:(FMSH), which Braudel directed from 1970 until his death. In 1970, the 6th Section and the
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5990:
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2761:
2576:
2361:
2310:
1795:
1782:
Stirling, Katherine. "Rereading Marc Bloch: the Life and Works of a Visionary Modernist".
1398:
The Future of Post-Human History: A Preface to a New Theory of Universality and Relativity
1323:
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910:
580:
500:
402:
266:; it moved to Paris and kept the same name from 1929 to 1939. It was successively renamed
203:
145:
125:
71:
31:
4484:
2447:
483:
361:
4934:
3542:
1667:. "French History in the Last Twenty Years: the Rise and Fall of the Annales Paradigm".
801:
historians picked up important family reconstitution techniques from French demographer
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5874:
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5149:
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770:
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189:
137:
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84:
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Crifò, Giuliano. "Scuola delle Annales e storia del diritto: la situazione italiana",
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2178:
1980:. The New Press. 1994. (A collection of 64 essays with many pieces from the Annales).
1704:
Histoire et sociologie en France: de l'histoire-science à la sociologie durkheimienne
1203:
900:
890:
562:
558:
426:
338:
228:
199:
141:
113:
4274:
1755:
Roberts, Michael. "The Annales school and historical writing". in Peter Lambert and
1009:
Jacques Revel and Lynn Hunt, "Microanalysis and the Construction of the Social", in
349:
approach, which combined geography, history, and the sociological approaches of the
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129:
117:
1997:(1988); originally conceived in 1906 but not published until 1988; revised in 1996
735:(1886–1949), the founders of modern economic history in Poland and of the journal
1734:
1537:
Carrard, Philippe. "Figuring France: The Numbers and Tropes of Fernand Braudel",
1263:
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2371:
1549:
Poetics of the New History: French Historical Discourse from Braudel to Chartier
802:
548:
789:
One of the few British historians who were sympathetic towards the work of the
6801:
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5808:
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5021:
3683:
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3025:
2983:
2969:
2837:
2822:
2356:
2289:
1685:
Huppert, George. "Lucien Febvre and Marc Bloch: The Creation of the Annales".
1195:
496:
376:
334:
224:
121:
2212:
Professor David Moon, "Fernand Braudel and the Annales School" (lecture 2005)
223:-written textbook for French schools was rejected by the government. By 1980
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Le Goff, Jacques and Paul Archambault. "An Interview with Jacques Le Goff".
1761:
Making History: An Introduction to the History and Practices of a Discipline
1664:
1624:
Harris, Olivia. "Braudel: Historical Time and the Horror of Discontinuity",
20:
1807:
Trevor-Roper, H. R. "Fernand Braudel, the Annales, and the Mediterranean",
1154:
Olivia Harris, "Braudel: Historical Time and the Horror of Discontinuity".
387:(1858–1917). His own ideas, especially those expressed in his masterworks,
1764:
1180:
Bailyn, Bernard (Summer 1951). "Braudel's Geohistory--A Reconsideration".
511:
approach has been less distinctive as more and more historians do work in
488:), and the history of men and events, in the context of their structures.
6403:
6125:
5146:
3067:
3015:
684:
historians did not try to replicate Braudel's vast geographical scope in
544:
174:(1914–1984), who joined the group in 1978. The third generation stressed
2038:
Braudel, Fernand. "Histoire et Science Sociale: La Longue Durée" (1958)
2013:
excerpt of 1992 introduction by Peter Burke (historian), and text search
961:(full professor); he served as president of the École from 1995 to 2004.
543:(1924) looked at the long-standing folk belief that the king could cure
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2145:
2128:
2059:
2029:
1971:
1961:
1944:
1917:
1899:
1895:
1877:
1854:
1812:
1649:
1619:
1609:
1599:
1589:
1579:
1532:
1221:
450:
40:
2482:
1690:
1680:
1659:
1616:
Marc Bloch, Sociology and Geography: Encountering Changing Disciplines
1542:
1383:
3287:
2864:
2777:
2230:(1986-200 ), articles on quantitative history. Full text of articles.
1875:
The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II
724:
636:
The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II
601:
history, younger historians increasingly turned to other approaches.
1401:. Newcastlle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 201.
227:
sensibilities undercut confidence in overarching metanarratives. As
1871:
La Méditerranée et le Monde Méditerranéen à l'Epoque de Philippe II
650:
La Méditerranée et le Monde Méditerranéen à l'Epoque de Philippe II
631:
La Méditerranée et le Monde Méditerranéen à l'Epoque de Philippe II
3922:
3819:
2802:
1888:
Civilisation Matérielle, Economie et Capitalisme XVe–XVIIIe Siècle
1731:
The Work of Jacques Le Goff and the Challenges of Medieval History
720:
2234:
49:
Lucien Febvre (left) and Marc Bloch (right), the founders of the
2807:
2142:
Political Uses of the Past: The Recent Mediterranean Experiences
1958:
Montaillou: Cathars and Catholics in a French Village, 1294–1324
1851:
Feudal Society: Vol 2: Social Classes and Political Organisation
401:, were incorporated by the second-generation Annalistes, led by
6942:
6887:
6519:
6046:
5119:
5108:
3751:
3494:
3258:
2897:
2731:
2626:
2486:
2238:
1934:
Social Historians in Contemporary France: Essays from "Annales"
1576:
Lost Worlds: The Emergence of French Social History, 1815–1970
1167:
1709:
Long, Pamela O. "The Annales and the History of Technology",
1026:, see Hunt (1986); for a summary of the movement, see Burke,
206:, which emphasizes the social history of cultural practices.
1840:
The Royal Touch: Monarchy and Miracles in France and England
1529:
The French Historical Revolution: The Annales School 1929–89
1520:. Paris: Odile Jacob. 2006. Pp. 366. (English edition)
1143:
The Royal Touch: Monarchy and Miracles in France and England
1042:
The French Historical Revolution. The Annales School 1929–89
416:, a leader of the school, wrote that the history he taught:
1861:
French Rural History: An Essay on Its Basic Characteristics
1644:
Hexter, J. H. "Fernand Braudel and the Monde Braudellien",
1089:
J.H. Hexter, "Fernand Braudel and the Monde Braudellien",
647:
In 1951, historian Bernard Bailyn published a critique of
2083:
A New Kind of History: From the Writings of Lucien Febvre
1524:. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press. 2009. Pp. 309
653:, which he framed as dichotomizing politics and society.
2069:
A New Kind of History From the Writings of Lucien Febvre
1847:
Feudal Society: Vol 1: The Growth and Ties of Dependence
1349:
The Democratic Idea in Polish History and Historiography
819:
Has been cited as a key influence in the development of
6564:
Professionalization and institutionalization of history
1604:
Forster, Robert. "Achievements of the Annales School",
1170:. Only Ariès was a true conservative—indeed a royalist.
394:
Les caractères originaux de l'histoire rurale française
1739:
Moon, David. "Fernand Braudel and the Annales School"
1503:, Leicester : Leicester University Press (1991),
75:) is a group of historians associated with a style of
7034:
6856:
Heroic theory of invention and scientific development
1493:, Volume 29, Number 3, Summer 2006, pp. 425–445
847:, and Annenberg Visiting professor of history at the
5704:
Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe
614:(EHESS). Braudel's followers admired his use of the
166:, all based in Paris. A third generation was led by
6832:
6636:
6595:
6371:
6322:
6057:
5983:
5947:
5841:
5795:
5759:
5689:
5641:
5603:
5563:
5522:
5439:
5270:
5261:
5180:
5080:
5042:
4978:
4945:
4836:
4760:
4717:
4658:
4623:
4595:
4530:
4457:
4363:
4291:
4005:
3934:
3867:
3829:
3762:
3680:
3572:
3505:
3304:
3081:
2948:
2910:
2770:
2744:
2462:
2429:
2380:
2344:
2303:
2282:
2275:
1773:, Volume 33, Number 1, Spring 2003, pp. 23–40
610:degree-granting institution in 1975 under the name
5664:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia
867:, Montaigne's essays, Pepys's diary, Richardson's
1586:New History in France: The Triumph of the Annales
457:in World War II for his active membership of the
1706:, Paris, Presses universitaires de France, 1998.
1518:L'École des Annales: Une histoire intellectuelle
1105:"Paul Vidal de la Blache: A biographical sketch"
1013:, ed. by Jacques Revel and Lynn Hunt (1995) 480.
152:(1895–1988). Institutionally it is based on the
3131:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought
1941:The French Peasantry in the Seventeenth Century
1608:, Vol. 38, No. 1, (Mar., 1978), pp. 58–76
1541:, Vol. 18, No. 3 (Autumn, 1988), pp. 2–19
209:The main scholarly outlet has been the journal
192:(born 1945), clearly distanced itself from the
2005:Apologie pour l'histoire ou Métier d'historien
1924:Essays in European Economic History, 1500–1800
1802:French Historical Method: The Annales Paradigm
162:(FMSH), and especially the 6th Section of the
124:(1886–1944). The second generation was led by
6712:Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church
6582:Western European colonialism and colonization
5131:
2638:
2498:
2250:
240:school kept its infrastructure, but lost its
176:history from the point of view of mentalities
8:
2222:Detailed bibliographies of major historians.
1352:
1055:
971:
956:
953:École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales
881:École des hautes études en sciences sociales
841:École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales
738:Roczniki Dziejów Spolecznych i Gospodarczych
736:
685:
666:
648:
639:
629:
615:
612:École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales
596:
590:
584:
574:
552:
536:
527:
480:
474:
436:
430:
392:
367:
358:
350:
312:
294:
285:
279:
273:
267:
261:
241:
210:
193:
179:
170:(1929–2023) and includes Jacques Revel, and
157:
2135:Histories: French Constructions of the Past
1978:Histories: French Constructions of the Past
1658:, No. 112. (Aug., 1986), pp. 208–213.
1011:Histories: French Constructions of the Past
557:, resonated with scholars who were reading
281:Annales. Economies, sociétés, civilisations
6939:
6884:
6592:
6516:
6319:
6054:
6043:
5638:
5519:
5267:
5138:
5124:
5116:
5105:
5039:
4288:
3864:
3759:
3748:
3677:
3502:
3491:
3301:
3255:
2907:
2894:
2741:
2728:
2645:
2631:
2623:
2505:
2491:
2483:
2279:
2257:
2243:
2235:
1628:, Issue 57, Spring 2004, pp. 161–174
1077:, 2006 Supplement (Volume 1), pp. 178–203
976:(1986– ), devoted to quantitative history.
441:, a complete study of a historic problem.
156:journal, the SEVPEN publishing house, the
87:. It is named after its scholarly journal
5767:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
1568:, vol. No. 93, (1981), pp. 483-494
1262:Hanlon, Gregory; Hanlon, Gregory (1993).
719:approach was especially well received in
341:in 1929, while they were teaching at the
6986:Historical geographic information system
2047:Braudel, Fernand. "Personal Testimony".
2024:(1969), reprinted essays; translated as
1556:The Annales School: Critical Assessments
761:approach became popular. From the 1950s
296:Fondation Maison des sciences de l'homme
263:Annales d'histoire économique et sociale
256:Annales d'histoire économique et sociale
212:Annales d'Histoire Economique et Sociale
159:Fondation Maison des sciences de l'homme
83:in the 20th century to stress long-term
7041:
1522:Annales School: An Intellectual History
1354:Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
925:
6626:English historical school of economics
4678:Historical Series of the Bank of Italy
1819:Major books and essays from the school
1062:A Geographical Introduction to History
970:One of numerous spin-off journals was
7087:Interdisciplinary historical research
6822:Revisionist school of Islamic studies
6661:Historical reliability of the Gospels
2042:, 13:4 October–December 1958, 725–753
1976:Hunt, Lynn, and Jacques Revel (eds).
1905:Burguière, André, and Jacques Revel.
1588:, (1994, first French edition, 1987)
1564:Mélanges de l'École française de Rome
1531:, (1990), the major study in English
1305:Blätter Für Deutsche Landesgeschichte
70:
7:
7014:
4639:More Irish than the Irish themselves
2471:Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales
2205:Annales: Histoire, Sciences Sociales
2133:Revel, Jacques, and Lynn Hunt, eds.
2097:The Mind and Method of the Historian
951:Since 1978, Revel has taught at the
287:Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales
90:Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales
5709:Functionalism–intentionalism debate
1926:, (1974), translated articles from
1103:Hilkovitch, Jason; Fulkerson, Max.
839:, who is Directeur d'Études at the
260:The journal began in Strasbourg as
6722:Hermeneutics of Vatican Council II
4666:Fourth Italian War of Independence
1654:Hufton, Olwen. "Fernand Braudel",
1648:, 1972, vol. 44, pp. 480–539
1501:The Annales School and archaeology
1448:Biografisch Woordenboek Gelderland
1444:"Bernard Hendrik Slicher van Bath"
14:
2194:Free access to all issues of the
1970:(1966; English translation 1974)
1351:(1989). Even the Marxist journal
383:(1845–1918) and the sociology of
7044:
7013:
7004:
7003:
6020:
6019:
5861:Palestinian expulsion and flight
4373:5000-year civilization assertion
3949:Nadir of American race relations
2089:(1973) translated articles from
1811:, 44#4 (1972), pp. 468–479
1723:, 35#2 (2004), pp. 207–231
1713:, 46#1 (2005), pp. 177–186
1638:, 39#3 (2004), pp. 293–312
1270:University of Pennsylvania Press
871:, and Franklin's autobiography.
164:École pratique des hautes études
100:The school deals primarily with
39:
30:
6850:Protestant Ethic and Capitalism
5724:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust
5659:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising
5466:Causes of the Armenian genocide
3775:Pyramid construction techniques
3342:Comparative historical research
2960:Library and information science
1669:Journal of Contemporary History
1606:The Journal of Economic History
1454:from the original on 2016-10-20
1286:from the original on 2019-01-30
1244:from the original on 2019-01-30
1183:The Journal of Economic History
1057:La Terre et l'évolution humaine
6862:Gunpowder and gun transmission
6812:Religionsgeschichtliche Schule
6621:Historical school of economics
6558:Nationalism in the Middle Ages
5996:Gunpowder and gun transmission
5870:Zionism as settler colonialism
4875:Limpieza de sangre controversy
3842:Metropolitan-hinterland thesis
2104:The Territory of the Historian
1985:Historiography from the school
1896:excerpt and text search vol. 1
1878:excerpt and text search vol. 1
1689:55#4 (1982), pp. 510–513
1:
6671:Opposition to Papal supremacy
3859:Indigenous population history
2217:Biography of Fernand Braudel.
1900:excerpt and text search vol 3
1890:(3 vol. 1979) (translated as
1809:The Journal of Modern History
1596:Marc Bloch: A Life in History
6587:Desacralization of knowledge
4858:Carlism in the Francoist era
4826:Holodomor in modern politics
2184:Resources in other libraries
1951:The Ancien Régime, 1600–1750
1892:Capitalism and Material Life
1824:Ariès, Philippe et al. eds,
1430:French Historical Revolution
1336:French Historical Revolution
1028:French Historical Revolution
843:in Paris, Professeur in the
461:, and Febvre carried on the
6979:Historiographic metafiction
6889:Organizations, publications
6678:Proto-orthodox Christianity
5628:German resistance to Nazism
5484:Persian famine of 1917–1919
4894:Islamic revolution of Spain
4821:Holodomor genocide question
4697:Revisionism of Risorgimento
4691:Rerum italicarum scriptores
4672:Historiae Patriae Monumenta
4439:Self-Strengthening Movement
3589:decolonization of knowledge
455:German occupation of France
425:The Annalistes, especially
275:Mélanges d'histoire sociale
184:. The fourth generation of
7103:
6776:Wissenschaft des Judentums
6753:Criticism of Protestantism
5633:Nazi foreign policy debate
5064:Second colonial occupation
4811:Soviet famine of 1930–1933
4449:Tibetan sovereignty debate
3993:Progressive-era historians
3428:Nationalization of history
3379:Historical-critical method
2152:Ideologies and Mentalities
2102:Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel.
2095:Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel.
1966:Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel.
1956:Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel.
1357:, founded in 1953, had an
1220:, (1966, translated 1977)
849:University of Pennsylvania
573:harmonized the concept of
333:was founded and edited by
269:Annales d'histoire sociale
253:
231:notes, the success of the
198:approach, replaced by the
18:
6998:
6949:
6938:
6894:
6883:
6526:
6515:
6053:
6042:
6014:
5781:Second Sino-Japanese War
5156:
5115:
5104:
4586:Vergangenheitsbewältigung
3758:
3747:
3501:
3490:
3267:
3254:
2906:
2893:
2740:
2727:
2660:
2622:
2520:
2179:Resources in your library
2078:, (1991, translated 1994)
2049:Journal of Modern History
1968:The Peasants of Languedoc
1826:A History of Private Life
1646:Journal of Modern History
1499:Bintliff, John L. (ed.),
1218:The Peasants of Languedoc
1216:Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie,
1196:10.1017/S0022050700084795
476:l'histoire quasi immobile
128:(1902–1985) and included
7077:Historiography of France
6536:Crisis of historiography
5699:Auschwitz bombing debate
5385:Indian Rebellion of 1857
5236:Late Bronze Age collapse
5170:List of military museums
4773:Pre-Revolutionary Russia
4745:Polish People's Republic
4580:Sybel-Ficker controversy
3944:African-American history
3917:Colonial Spanish America
3706:Second Thirty Years' War
1735:excerpts and text search
1626:History Workshop Journal
1347:Anita Krystyna Shelton,
1156:History Workshop Journal
859:, translations of Ovid,
814:Bernard Slicher van Bath
343:University of Strasbourg
311:people, or "mentality" (
19:Not to be confused with
5649:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
5508:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
5059:Porter–MacKenzie debate
4816:Causes of the Holodomor
4353:Problem of two emperors
4301:Catilinarian conspiracy
3528:Historical significance
3389:Indiscipline of history
3364:Historical anthropology
2367:Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie
2146:excerpt and text search
2129:excerpt and text search
2030:excerpt and text search
1995:Méthodologie Historique
1962:excerpt and text search
1945:excerpt and text search
1918:excerpt and text search
1855:excerpt and text search
1636:Libraries & Culture
1620:excerpt and text search
1600:excerpt and text search
1590:excerpt and text search
1580:excerpt and text search
1533:excerpt and text search
1222:excerpt and text search
1130:Le dimanche de Bouvines
776:The Practice of History
763:Federico Brito Figueroa
493:Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie
381:Paul Vidal de la Blache
168:Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie
6743:Protestant Reformation
6717:Second Vatican Council
6695:Succession to Muhammad
6690:Criticism of the Quran
6441:Religious perspectives
6175:Klemens von Metternich
5772:"Battle for Australia"
5654:Soviet offensive plans
5623:Broad vs. narrow front
5462:Late Ottoman genocides
4395:Century of humiliation
4176:Goguryeo controversies
4154:2,500-year celebration
3812:Double genocide theory
3599:Historical negationism
3423:Ancestral civilisation
3411:Historical materialism
3369:Historical determinism
3319:History of mentalities
2442:History of mentalities
2111:Historical Reflections
2007:(1949), translated as
1873:(1949) (translated as
1838:(1924), translated as
1711:Technology and Culture
1432:(1990), pp 56, 96–100.
1353:
1158:(2004) (57): 161–174.
1060:(1922), translated as
1056:
972:
957:
835:The current leader is
737:
686:
667:
649:
640:
630:
628:Braudel's first book,
616:
597:
591:
585:
575:
553:
537:
528:
503:continue to carry the
491:While authors such as
481:
475:
449:Bloch was shot by the
437:
431:
393:
368:
359:
351:
313:
295:
286:
280:
274:
268:
262:
242:
211:
194:
180:
158:
6867:Torsion mangonel myth
6770:Modern Jewish history
6765:Jesuit historiography
6758:Protestant work ethic
6738:Hesychast controversy
6603:Industrial Revolution
6553:Library of Alexandria
6471:The Lord of the Rings
6121:Constantine the Great
6001:Torsion mangonel myth
5933:Sri Lankan Civil War
5012:Storm over the gentry
4913:Colonies or Provinces
4444:Sprouts of capitalism
3518:Historic preservation
3513:Change and continuity
2113:1995 21(1): 155–185.
2051:1972 44(4): 448–467.
2022:Ecrits sur l'histoire
2009:The Historian's Craft
1907:Histoire de la France
1836:Les Rois Thaumaturges
1800:Stoianovich, Traian.
1752:, Paris, Seuil, 2000.
1671:1986 21(2): 209–224.
1395:Baofu, Peter (2012).
1374:1997 65(3): 267–290.
973:Histoire & mesure
955:(Paris), where he is
757:In South America the
707:Impact outside France
692:Peasants of Languedoc
539:Les Rois thaumaturges
68:French pronunciation:
6954:Commemorative plaque
6170:Juan Manuel de Rosas
5618:"Blitzkrieg" concept
5489:Powder keg of Europe
5364:Franco-Prussian War
5034:Winter of Discontent
5017:Suffragette Campaign
4684:Italiani brava gente
4650:Revolutionary period
4472:Frankish Interregnum
4405:"Chineseness" debate
4338:Byzantine succession
4323:Fall of Western Rome
4264:Executed Renaissance
3753:By country or region
3697:Age of Enlightenment
3671:Vaticinium ex eventu
3618:Modernisation theory
3452:Quantitative history
2828:Historical documents
2140:Revel, Jacques, ed.
1748:Poirrier, Philippe.
1721:New Literary History
825:Immanuel Wallerstein
821:World Systems Theory
389:French Rural History
6783:Schools of thought
6748:Proto-Protestantism
6617:School of Thoughts
6499:William Shakespeare
6484:Robert Falcon Scott
6389:Friedrich Nietzsche
6227:Cult of personality
6212:Neville Chamberlain
6072:Alexander the Great
5954:Russo-Georgian War
5927:Sovereignty dispute
5906:Iranian Revolution
5736:"Polish death camp"
5713:In relation to the
5422:Myth of English aid
5413:War of the Pacific
5190:Albigensian Crusade
4615:Indigenous Aryanism
4311:Constantinian shift
3847:Residential schools
3604:Historian's fallacy
3523:Historic recurrence
3021:Numismatics (Money)
2793:Archaeological site
2717:theories of history
2514:Theories of history
1786:2007 5#2: 525–538.
1763:. (2004), pp 78–92
1614:Friedman, Susan W.
1554:Clark, Stuart, ed.
1547:Carrard, Philippe.
1054:See Lucien Febvre,
1044:. p. 116 n. 2.
812:school centered on
781:Edward Hallett Carr
438:histoire tout court
272:(1939–1942, 1945),
188:historians, led by
108:Europe (before the
16:Group of historians
7072:Historical schools
6974:Historical realism
6969:Historical fiction
6914:History institutes
6904:Historical society
6899:Heritage registers
6787:Biblical criticism
6700:Islamic golden age
6651:Early Christianity
6531:Bears in antiquity
6419:Medieval Christian
6217:Pedro II of Brazil
6165:José de San Martín
5969:Syrian revolution
5881:Malayan Emergency
5856:1948 Palestine war
5589:Spanish Civil War
5539:War guilt question
5348:American Civil War
5328:Invasion of Russia
5304:New Russian School
5088:Colonial Australia
4804:October Revolution
4567:Strukturgeschichte
4503:Location of Alésia
4422:Hua–Yi distinction
4343:Moscow, third Rome
3959:Reconstruction era
3780:Black Egypt Thesis
3702:European Civil War
3658:Translatio imperii
3613:Invented tradition
2734:Historical sources
2604:List of historians
2437:History from below
2228:Histoire et mesure
2198:from 1929 to 2002.
2125:History and Memory
2123:Le Goff, Jacques,
2020:Braudel, Fernand.
1886:Braudel, Fernand.
1869:Braudel, Fernand.
1757:Phillipp Schofield
1750:Aborder l'histoire
1574:Dewald, Jonathan.
1516:Burguière, André.
1442:Kuys, Jan (2006).
1322:2011-07-22 at the
1075:Past & Present
1022:On the decline of
958:directeur d'études
939:2008-09-28 at the
911:David Nirenberg §
549:thaumaturgic touch
507:banner, today the
471:Philip II of Spain
353:Année Sociologique
7032:
7031:
7028:
7027:
6994:
6993:
6934:
6933:
6879:
6878:
6875:
6874:
6792:Catholic theology
6646:Avestan geography
6511:
6510:
6507:
6506:
6494:Søren Kierkegaard
6367:
6366:
6278:Warren G. Harding
6038:
6037:
6034:
6033:
5837:
5836:
5715:Armenian genocide
5578:Polish–Soviet War
5573:Burning of Smyrna
5559:
5558:
5549:Reichstag inquiry
5472:Patriotic consent
5343:
5342:
5318:War in the Vendée
5282:French Revolution
5264:century conflicts
5253:Peloponnesian War
5214:Eighty Years' War
5100:
5099:
5096:
5095:
5076:
5075:
5072:
5071:
5005:Westminster Stone
4702:Southern question
4541:Alltagsgeschichte
4491:Legendary Saracen
4193:Early settlements
4001:
4000:
3981:Political history
3966:Consensus history
3743:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3725:Continuity thesis
3664:Translatio studii
3550:Theory of history
3486:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3440:Subaltern Studies
3325:Nouvelle histoire
3250:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3162:Medieval churches
3149:Geistesgeschichte
3093:Paleoanthropology
3001:Encyclopaedistics
2889:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2757:Secondary sources
2480:
2479:
2425:
2424:
2381:Fourth generation
2304:Second generation
2203:Recent issues of
2165:Library resources
2076:History Continues
1949:Goubert, Pierre.
1939:Goubert, Pierre.
1932:Ferro, Marc, ed.
1912:Chartier, Roger.
1828:(5 vols. 1987–94)
1733:(1997) 272 pages
1687:The French Review
1584:Dosse, Francois.
1509:978-0-7185-1758-8
990:. pp. 59–61.
986:Iggers, Georg G.
934:for recent issues
896:Nouvelle histoire
845:Collège de France
795:Hugh Trevor-Roper
517:political history
459:French Resistance
284:(1946–1994), and
148:(1924–2014), and
110:French Revolution
95:social scientific
81:French historians
7094:
7049:
7048:
7047:
7040:
7017:
7016:
7007:
7006:
6959:Documentary film
6940:
6919:History journals
6885:
6858:
6730:
6666:Primacy of Peter
6613:Great Depression
6593:
6566:
6544:
6517:
6465:J. R. R. Tolkien
6320:
6315:
6303:
6291:
6273:Ulysses S. Grant
6268:Thomas Jefferson
6259:
6235:
6198:
6161:
6149:
6117:
6105:
6097:Chiang Ching-kuo
6087:Cato the Younger
6077:Amin al-Husseini
6055:
6044:
6023:
6022:
6006:War and genocide
5830:
5816:Résistancialisme
5803:Battle of France
5785:Nanjing Massacre
5639:
5520:
5516:
5480:
5430:
5312:
5295:
5268:
5195:Catharism debate
5181:pre-18th century
5163:Military history
5140:
5133:
5126:
5117:
5110:By war, conflict
5106:
5054:Cambridge School
5040:
4938:
4926:
4902:
4883:
4793:
4781:
4753:
4575:
4553:Historikerstreit
4523:
4511:
4499:
4480:
4466:Cordon sanitaire
4412:New Qing History
4400:Conquest dynasty
4391:
4306:Christianization
4289:
4208:
4121:
4109:
4097:
4075:
4063:
4055:Byzantine Empire
3910:Iquicha Royalism
3899:
3865:
3788:
3760:
3749:
3692:Age of Discovery
3681:Periodization of
3678:
3652:Transhistoricity
3647:Thirty-year rule
3558:
3546:
3503:
3492:
3472:Great Man theory
3435:People's history
3397:
3302:
3294:Three-age system
3256:
2956:Archival science
2908:
2895:
2762:Tertiary sources
2742:
2729:
2678:by area of study
2647:
2640:
2633:
2624:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2484:
2413:
2396:
2345:Third generation
2331:Ernest Labrousse
2283:First generation
2280:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2236:
2081:Febvre, Lucien.
2037:
2019:
2002:
1992:
1909:(1989), textbook
1885:
1868:
1833:
1747:
1702:Leroux, Robert,
1656:Past and Present
1515:
1484:About the School
1472:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1439:
1433:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1392:
1386:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1345:
1339:
1332:
1326:
1307:1994 130: 1–12.
1301:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1230:
1224:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1177:
1171:
1152:
1146:
1139:
1133:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1107:. Archived from
1100:
1094:
1087:
1081:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1037:
1031:
1020:
1014:
1007:
1001:
998:
992:
991:
983:
977:
975:
968:
962:
960:
949:
943:
930:
786:What Is History?
740:
731:(1875–1953) and
729:Franciszek Bujak
689:
676:
652:
643:
633:
619:
600:
594:
588:
578:
565:. In the 1960s,
556:
542:
531:
521:economic history
513:cultural history
487:
478:
440:
434:
396:
371:
365:
356:
316:
298:
289:
283:
277:
271:
265:
245:
214:
197:
183:
161:
150:Ernest Labrousse
120:(1866–1946) and
74:
69:
43:
34:
7102:
7101:
7097:
7096:
7095:
7093:
7092:
7091:
7057:
7056:
7055:
7045:
7043:
7035:
7033:
7024:
7023:
6990:
6945:
6930:
6890:
6871:
6854:
6837:
6828:
6724:
6632:
6608:Great Recession
6591:
6562:
6538:
6522:
6503:
6394:H. P. Lovecraft
6363:
6325:
6318:
6309:
6297:
6285:
6253:
6229:
6202:Muammar Gaddafi
6192:
6180:Leonid Brezhnev
6155:
6143:
6126:Gregory Palamas
6111:
6109:Chiang Kai Shek
6099:
6059:
6049:
6030:
6029:
6010:
5991:Conflict thesis
5979:
5943:
5833:
5824:
5791:
5755:
5685:
5637:
5599:
5565:Interwar period
5555:
5525:
5518:
5510:
5494:Schlieffen Plan
5474:
5435:
5424:
5339:
5306:
5289:
5274:
5263:
5257:
5241:Dorian invasion
5226:Fall of Babylon
5182:
5176:
5175:
5152:
5144:
5111:
5092:
5068:
5045:
5038:
5000:Kingdom of Alba
4981:
4974:
4941:
4932:
4920:
4918:Spanish decline
4896:
4877:
4832:
4787:
4775:
4756:
4747:
4713:
4654:
4619:
4605:Greater Magadha
4591:
4569:
4526:
4517:
4505:
4493:
4474:
4453:
4427:Four Barbarians
4385:
4359:
4287:
4244:Götaland theory
4212:Lusotropicalism
4202:
4183:North Macedonia
4115:
4103:
4091:
4069:
4057:
3997:
3976:Frontier thesis
3971:Cyclical theory
3954:Neoabolitionism
3930:
3893:
3863:
3825:
3802:Greater Morocco
3782:
3754:
3731:
3682:
3676:
3568:
3552:
3540:
3497:
3478:
3391:
3306:
3300:
3282:Historical eras
3263:
3242:
3077:
2974:Writing systems
2944:
2902:
2900:Fields of study
2881:
2875:Service records
2860:Religious texts
2766:
2752:Primary sources
2736:
2723:
2722:
2656:
2651:
2618:
2516:
2511:
2481:
2476:
2458:
2421:
2407:
2405:Bernard Lepetit
2390:
2388:André Burguière
2376:
2362:Jacques Le Goff
2340:
2311:Fernand Braudel
2299:
2271:
2263:
2207:(2003–present).
2190:
2189:
2188:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2161:
2137:, (1995). 654pp
2074:Duby, Georges.
2035:
2017:
2000:
1990:
1987:
1922:Earle, P., ed.
1883:
1866:
1831:
1821:
1796:History Compass
1784:History Compass
1775:in Project Muse
1745:
1725:in Project Muse
1715:in Project Muse
1640:in Project Muse
1630:in Project Muse
1513:
1495:in Project Muse
1486:
1481:
1479:Further reading
1476:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1457:
1455:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1427:
1423:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1372:Hispanic Review
1369:
1365:
1346:
1342:
1333:
1329:
1324:Wayback Machine
1302:
1298:
1289:
1287:
1280:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1247:
1245:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1215:
1211:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1153:
1149:
1140:
1136:
1132:(1973), forward
1127:
1123:
1114:
1112:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1088:
1084:
1079:in Project Muse
1072:
1068:
1064:(London, 1932).
1053:
1049:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1021:
1017:
1008:
1004:
999:
995:
985:
984:
980:
969:
965:
950:
946:
941:Wayback Machine
931:
927:
922:
877:
833:
823:by sociologist
709:
687:La Méditerranée
659:
607:
581:Fernand Braudel
533:
501:Jacques Le Goff
447:
432:histoire totale
411:
403:Fernand Braudel
327:
258:
252:
204:linguistic turn
146:Jacques Le Goff
126:Fernand Braudel
72:[a'nal]
67:
57:
56:
55:
54:
46:
45:
44:
36:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7100:
7098:
7090:
7089:
7084:
7082:Historiography
7079:
7074:
7069:
7059:
7058:
7054:
7053:
7030:
7029:
7026:
7025:
7022:
7021:
7011:
7000:
6999:
6996:
6995:
6992:
6991:
6989:
6988:
6983:
6982:
6981:
6976:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6950:
6947:
6946:
6943:
6936:
6935:
6932:
6931:
6929:
6928:
6927:
6926:
6916:
6911:
6901:
6895:
6892:
6891:
6888:
6881:
6880:
6877:
6876:
6873:
6872:
6870:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6852:
6847:
6841:
6839:
6830:
6829:
6827:
6826:
6825:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6781:
6780:
6779:
6767:
6762:
6761:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6740:
6735:
6734:
6733:
6732:
6731:
6709:
6708:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6682:
6681:
6680:
6675:
6674:
6673:
6663:
6658:
6648:
6642:
6640:
6634:
6633:
6631:
6630:
6629:
6628:
6623:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6599:
6597:
6590:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6572:
6567:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6533:
6527:
6524:
6523:
6520:
6513:
6512:
6509:
6508:
6505:
6504:
6502:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6475:
6474:
6462:
6461:
6460:
6459:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6438:
6433:
6423:
6422:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6384:Charles Darwin
6381:
6375:
6373:
6369:
6368:
6365:
6364:
6362:
6361:
6356:
6354:United Kingdom
6351:
6346:
6344:Modern Germany
6341:
6336:
6330:
6328:
6317:
6316:
6304:
6292:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6263:Thomas Aquinas
6260:
6248:
6243:
6242:
6241:
6236:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6150:
6138:
6133:
6131:Horatio Nelson
6128:
6123:
6118:
6106:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6063:
6061:
6051:
6050:
6047:
6040:
6039:
6036:
6035:
6032:
6031:
6028:
6027:
6016:
6015:
6012:
6011:
6009:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5987:
5985:
5981:
5980:
5978:
5977:
5976:
5975:
5967:
5966:
5965:
5963:Responsibility
5960:
5951:
5949:
5945:
5944:
5942:
5941:
5940:
5939:
5931:
5930:
5929:
5919:
5914:
5913:
5912:
5904:
5903:
5902:
5894:
5889:
5888:
5887:
5879:
5878:
5877:
5875:New Historians
5872:
5867:
5853:
5847:
5845:
5839:
5838:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5831:
5819:
5812:
5805:
5799:
5797:
5793:
5792:
5790:
5789:
5788:
5787:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5763:
5761:
5757:
5756:
5754:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5741:Responsibility
5738:
5733:
5732:
5731:
5721:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5695:
5693:
5687:
5686:
5684:
5683:
5682:
5681:
5676:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5645:
5643:
5636:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5609:
5607:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5597:
5596:
5595:
5587:
5586:
5585:
5575:
5569:
5567:
5561:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5553:
5552:
5551:
5546:
5536:
5530:
5528:
5517:
5505:
5499:Spirit of 1914
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5469:
5459:
5456:Fischer thesis
5445:
5443:
5437:
5436:
5434:
5433:
5432:
5431:
5419:
5411:
5410:
5409:
5399:
5397:Paraguayan War
5394:
5393:
5392:
5382:
5377:
5376:
5375:
5370:
5362:
5361:
5360:
5355:
5344:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5337:
5336:
5335:
5330:
5323:Napoleonic era
5320:
5315:
5314:
5313:
5301:
5296:
5287:Pre-revolution
5278:
5276:
5272:Coalition Wars
5265:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5255:
5250:
5249:
5248:
5243:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5222:
5221:
5211:
5210:
5209:
5199:
5198:
5197:
5186:
5184:
5178:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5166:
5158:
5157:
5154:
5153:
5150:historiography
5145:
5143:
5142:
5135:
5128:
5120:
5113:
5112:
5109:
5102:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5090:
5084:
5082:
5078:
5077:
5074:
5073:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5050:
5048:
5037:
5036:
5031:
5030:
5029:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5008:
5007:
5002:
4992:
4986:
4984:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4972:
4971:
4970:
4968:Decline thesis
4965:
4958:Ottoman Empire
4955:
4949:
4947:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4927:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4884:
4872:
4867:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4840:
4838:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4830:
4829:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4808:
4807:
4806:
4796:
4795:
4794:
4785:Skeptic School
4770:
4768:Anti-Normanism
4764:
4762:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4725:Golden Liberty
4721:
4719:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4711:
4710:
4709:
4707:Neo-Bourbonism
4699:
4694:
4687:
4680:
4675:
4668:
4662:
4660:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4635:
4629:
4627:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4601:
4599:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4582:
4577:
4563:
4556:
4549:
4547:Borussian myth
4544:
4536:
4534:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4512:
4500:
4488:
4481:
4469:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4435:
4434:
4429:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4397:
4392:
4380:
4375:
4369:
4367:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4356:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4303:
4297:
4295:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4278:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4238:
4237:
4236:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4197:
4196:
4195:
4185:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4173:
4163:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4136:
4135:
4134:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4110:
4098:
4083:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4052:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4037:
4032:
4031:
4030:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4018:Dealbanisation
4009:
4007:
4003:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3940:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3888:
3882:May Revolution
3873:
3871:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3855:
3854:
3852:Staples thesis
3849:
3844:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3796:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3777:
3768:
3766:
3756:
3755:
3752:
3745:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3717:
3708:
3699:
3694:
3688:
3686:
3684:modern history
3675:
3674:
3667:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3630:
3628:Paradigm shift
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3582:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3509:
3507:
3499:
3498:
3495:
3488:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3403:
3398:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3344:
3339:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3321:
3314:Annales school
3310:
3308:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3284:
3274:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3247:
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3241:
3240:
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3238:
3233:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3177:Constitutional
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3113:
3100:
3095:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3053:Postage stamps
3050:
3045:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
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2898:
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2887:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2850:Oral tradition
2847:
2846:
2845:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2748:
2746:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2725:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2691:
2690:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2654:Historiography
2652:
2650:
2649:
2642:
2635:
2627:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2589:
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2579:
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2569:
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2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2510:
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2495:
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2466:
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2459:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2444:
2439:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2402:
2400:Roger Chartier
2397:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2352:Philippe Ariès
2348:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2336:Robert Mandrou
2333:
2328:
2326:Pierre Goubert
2323:
2318:
2313:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
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2277:
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2264:
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2261:
2254:
2247:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2200:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2170:Annales school
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:External links
2157:
2156:
2155:
2148:
2138:
2131:
2121:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2079:
2072:
2062:
2045:
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2040:Annales E.S.C.
2015:
1998:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1974:
1964:
1954:
1947:
1937:
1930:
1920:
1910:
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1881:
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1857:
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1765:online edition
1753:
1743:
1741:online edition
1737:
1727:
1717:
1707:
1700:
1693:
1683:
1662:
1652:
1642:
1632:
1622:
1612:
1602:
1594:Fink, Carole.
1592:
1582:
1572:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1535:
1527:Burke, Peter.
1525:
1511:
1497:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1464:
1434:
1421:
1408:978-1443837682
1407:
1387:
1363:
1340:
1327:
1317:online edition
1296:
1278:
1254:
1225:
1209:
1190:(3): 277–282.
1172:
1147:
1141:Translated as
1134:
1128:Georges Duby,
1121:
1095:
1082:
1066:
1047:
1032:
1015:
1002:
993:
978:
963:
944:
924:
923:
921:
918:
917:
916:
908:
906:Social history
903:
898:
893:
888:
886:Historiography
883:
876:
873:
837:Roger Chartier
832:
829:
771:Geoffrey Elton
747:Polish October
708:
705:
701:Gregory Hanlon
658:
655:
606:
603:
567:Robert Mandrou
532:
525:
446:
443:
429:, advocated a
423:
422:
410:
407:
399:Feudal Society
385:Émile Durkheim
326:
323:
254:Main article:
251:
248:
190:Roger Chartier
172:Philippe Ariès
138:Robert Mandrou
134:Pierre Goubert
85:social history
77:historiography
48:
47:
38:
37:
29:
28:
27:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7099:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
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7068:
7065:
7064:
7062:
7052:
7042:
7038:
7020:
7012:
7010:
7002:
7001:
6997:
6987:
6984:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
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6970:
6967:
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6955:
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6937:
6925:
6922:
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6917:
6915:
6912:
6909:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6896:
6893:
6886:
6882:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6857:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6845:Merton thesis
6843:
6842:
6840:
6835:
6831:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6797:Panbabylonism
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6784:
6782:
6778:
6777:
6773:
6772:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
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6739:
6736:
6728:
6723:
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6718:
6715:
6714:
6713:
6710:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6687:
6686:
6683:
6679:
6676:
6672:
6669:
6668:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6653:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6643:
6641:
6639:
6635:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6618:
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6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6600:
6598:
6594:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6577:
6573:
6571:
6568:
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6561:
6559:
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6528:
6525:
6518:
6514:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
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6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6473:
6472:
6468:
6467:
6466:
6463:
6457:
6454:
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6449:
6447:
6444:
6443:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6428:
6427:
6424:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6406:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6376:
6374:
6370:
6360:
6359:United States
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6331:
6329:
6327:
6321:
6313:
6308:
6305:
6301:
6296:
6293:
6289:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6257:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6240:
6239:Bolivarianism
6237:
6233:
6228:
6225:
6224:
6223:
6222:Simon Bolivar
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6196:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6159:
6154:
6153:Joseph Stalin
6151:
6147:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6115:
6110:
6107:
6103:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6064:
6062:
6056:
6052:
6045:
6041:
6026:
6018:
6017:
6013:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5988:
5986:
5982:
5974:
5971:
5970:
5968:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5948:Post-Cold War
5946:
5938:
5935:
5934:
5932:
5928:
5925:
5924:
5923:
5922:Falklands War
5920:
5918:
5917:Iran–Iraq War
5915:
5911:
5908:
5907:
5905:
5901:
5898:
5897:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5886:
5883:
5882:
5880:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5865:Ongoing Nakba
5862:
5859:
5858:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5844:
5840:
5828:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5817:
5813:
5811:
5810:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5800:
5798:
5796:Western Front
5794:
5786:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5778:
5777:Bengal famine
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5764:
5762:
5758:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5730:
5727:
5726:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5716:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5692:
5691:The Holocaust
5688:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5671:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5646:
5644:
5642:Eastern Front
5640:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5606:
5602:
5594:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5570:
5568:
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5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5531:
5529:
5527:
5521:
5514:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5478:
5473:
5470:
5467:
5463:
5460:
5457:
5453:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5442:
5438:
5428:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5408:
5405:
5404:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5391:
5388:
5387:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5374:
5373:Paris Commune
5371:
5369:
5366:
5365:
5363:
5359:
5358:Turning point
5356:
5354:
5351:
5350:
5349:
5346:
5345:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5310:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5293:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5283:
5280:
5279:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5266:
5262:18th and 19th
5260:
5254:
5251:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5238:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5215:
5212:
5208:
5207:Islamic views
5205:
5204:
5203:
5200:
5196:
5193:
5192:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5179:
5172:
5171:
5167:
5165:
5164:
5160:
5159:
5155:
5151:
5148:
5141:
5136:
5134:
5129:
5127:
5122:
5121:
5118:
5114:
5107:
5103:
5089:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5079:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5047:
5041:
5035:
5032:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4983:
4977:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4944:
4936:
4931:
4930:Ser de España
4928:
4924:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4900:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4890:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4865:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4835:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4813:
4812:
4809:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4797:
4791:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4779:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4759:
4751:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4716:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4692:
4688:
4686:
4685:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4640:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4626:
4622:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4598:
4594:
4588:
4587:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4568:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4557:
4555:
4554:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4533:
4529:
4521:
4516:
4513:
4509:
4504:
4501:
4497:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4389:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4362:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4348:Ottoman claim
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4328:Prosopography
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4282:
4281:Trưng sisters
4279:
4277:
4276:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4227:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4206:
4201:
4198:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4140:
4137:
4133:
4132:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4119:
4114:
4111:
4107:
4102:
4099:
4095:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4073:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4061:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4029:
4028:Habsburg myth
4026:
4025:
4023:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4004:
3994:
3991:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3936:United States
3933:
3925:
3924:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3915:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3903:
3897:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3869:Latin America
3866:
3860:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3832:
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3462:Transnational
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3352:Decoloniality
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3333:Historiometry
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3309:
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3295:
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3277:Periodization
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3141:
3137:
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3119:
3118:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3063:Sigillography
3061:
3059:
3058:Prosopography
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
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3037:
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3019:
3017:
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3009:
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3004:
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2999:
2997:
2994:
2990:
2987:
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2971:
2968:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2935:Local history
2933:
2929:
2928:Human history
2926:
2925:
2924:
2923:World history
2921:
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2913:
2909:
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2598:
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2592:Psychohistory
2590:
2588:
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2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
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2545:Environmental
2543:
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2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
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2515:
2508:
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2435:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2418:
2417:Jacques Revel
2415:
2411:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2389:
2386:
2385:
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2379:
2373:
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2349:
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2337:
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2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2316:Pierre Chaunu
2314:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2295:Lucien Febvre
2293:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2278:
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2270:
2268:
2260:
2255:
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2240:
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2206:
2201:
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2185:
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2180:
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2171:
2166:
2158:
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2147:
2143:
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2066:
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2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2003:Bloch, Marc.
1999:
1996:
1993:Bloch, Marc.
1989:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1948:
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1942:
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1865:
1862:
1859:Bloch, Marc.
1858:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1845:Bloch, Marc.
1844:
1841:
1837:
1834:Bloch, Marc.
1830:
1827:
1823:
1822:
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1732:
1729:Rubin, Miri.
1728:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1695:Iggers, G.G.
1694:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1661:
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1613:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1578:(2006) 250pp
1577:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1565:
1560:
1558:(4 vol, 1999)
1557:
1553:
1550:
1546:
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1536:
1534:
1530:
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1523:
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1325:
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1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1300:
1297:
1285:
1281:
1279:9780812232059
1275:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1258:
1255:
1243:
1240:(in French).
1239:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
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1173:
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1165:
1161:
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1151:
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1144:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1125:
1122:
1111:on 2006-09-09
1110:
1106:
1099:
1096:
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1080:
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1063:
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919:
915:
914:
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904:
902:
901:Structuralism
899:
897:
894:
892:
891:Rural history
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
878:
874:
872:
870:
866:
862:
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842:
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782:
778:
777:
772:
767:
764:
760:
755:
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748:
744:
739:
734:
733:Jan Rutkowski
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
706:
704:
702:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
675:
674:
673:Franche-Comté
670:
664:
656:
654:
651:
645:
642:
637:
632:
626:
623:
618:
613:
604:
602:
599:
593:
587:
582:
579:history with
577:
572:
568:
564:
560:
555:
550:
546:
541:
540:
530:
526:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
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502:
498:
494:
489:
486:
485:
477:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
444:
442:
439:
433:
428:
427:Lucien Febvre
421:civilisation.
419:
418:
417:
415:
408:
406:
404:
400:
395:
390:
386:
382:
378:
373:
370:
364:
363:
355:
354:
348:
344:
340:
339:Lucien Febvre
336:
332:
324:
322:
320:
315:
308:
306:
302:
297:
291:
288:
282:
278:(1942–1944),
276:
270:
264:
257:
249:
247:
244:
239:
234:
230:
229:Jacques Revel
226:
222:
218:
213:
207:
205:
201:
196:
191:
187:
182:
177:
173:
169:
165:
160:
155:
151:
147:
144:(1923–2009),
143:
142:Pierre Chaunu
140:(1921–1984),
139:
136:(1915–2012),
135:
132:(1919–1996),
131:
127:
123:
119:
116:(1878–1956),
115:
114:Lucien Febvre
111:
107:
103:
102:late medieval
98:
96:
92:
91:
86:
82:
79:developed by
78:
73:
65:
63:
52:
42:
33:
22:
7067:20th century
6774:
6576:The Simpsons
6574:
6521:Other topics
6469:
6446:Christianity
6436:Resurrection
6067:Adolf Hitler
5896:Six-Day War
5892:Algerian War
5863: /
5822:Vichy France
5814:
5807:
5717: /
5605:World War II
5501: /
5168:
5161:
4963:Ghaza thesis
4886:
4862:
4848:White legend
4846: /
4844:Black legend
4799:Soviet Union
4689:
4682:
4670:
4633:Great Famine
4610:Indocentrism
4584:
4565:
4558:
4551:
4539:
4485:Grand Siècle
4483:
4464:
4432:Sinocentrism
4293:Ancient Rome
4273:
4131:Aryan Kartli
4129:
3921:
3884: /
3818:
3715:19th century
3713: /
3704: /
3669:
3662:
3661: /
3656:
3632:
3606: /
3580:Black legend
3538:Historiology
3335: /
3323:
3313:
3286:
3224:Quantitative
3147:
3143:Intellectual
3109: /
3105: /
3091: /
3089:Anthropology
3043:Phaleristics
3036:preservation
3031:Oral history
2972: /
2958: /
2940:Microhistory
2715:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2685:
2676: /
2672:
2665:
2577:Postcolonial
2572:Microhistory
2567:Macrohistory
2524:
2469:
2448:Longue durée
2446:
2321:Georges Duby
2266:
2265:
2227:
2204:
2195:
2169:
2151:
2150:Vovelle, M.
2141:
2134:
2124:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2090:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2065:Burke, Peter
2048:
2039:
2025:
2021:
2008:
2004:
1994:
1977:
1967:
1957:
1950:
1940:
1933:
1927:
1923:
1913:
1906:
1891:
1887:
1874:
1870:
1860:
1850:
1846:
1839:
1835:
1825:
1808:
1801:
1783:
1770:
1760:
1749:
1730:
1720:
1710:
1703:
1699:(1997), ch.5
1696:
1686:
1668:
1655:
1645:
1635:
1625:
1615:
1605:
1595:
1585:
1575:
1562:
1555:
1548:
1538:
1528:
1521:
1517:
1500:
1490:
1467:
1456:. Retrieved
1450:. Verloren.
1447:
1437:
1429:
1424:
1412:. Retrieved
1397:
1390:
1371:
1366:
1358:
1348:
1343:
1338:(1990) ch 5.
1335:
1330:
1304:
1299:
1288:. Retrieved
1264:
1257:
1246:. Retrieved
1238:www.lcdpu.fr
1237:
1228:
1217:
1212:
1187:
1181:
1175:
1155:
1150:
1142:
1137:
1129:
1124:
1113:. Retrieved
1109:the original
1098:
1090:
1085:
1074:
1069:
1061:
1050:
1041:
1035:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1010:
1005:
996:
987:
981:
966:
947:
928:
913:Anti-Judaism
912:
868:
864:
860:
856:
853:
834:
818:
807:
798:
790:
784:
774:
768:
758:
756:
750:
742:
716:
712:
710:
696:
691:
681:
679:
662:
660:
646:
635:
627:
621:
617:longue durée
608:
571:Georges Duby
534:
508:
504:
490:
484:longue durée
466:
462:
448:
424:
414:Georges Duby
412:
398:
397:, 1931) and
388:
374:
362:longue durée
346:
330:
328:
318:
309:
304:
300:
292:
259:
237:
232:
220:
216:
208:
185:
153:
130:Georges Duby
118:Henri Hauser
106:early modern
99:
88:
61:
60:
58:
50:
6964:Hagiography
6725: [
6685:Early Islam
6539: [
6431:Historicity
6409:Historicity
6399:Jane Austen
6379:The Beatles
6349:Netherlands
6310: [
6307:Zhuge Liang
6298: [
6286: [
6283:Yuan Shikai
6254: [
6251:Sun Yat Tse
6230: [
6193: [
6156: [
6144: [
6141:Jiang Zemin
6112: [
6100: [
6092:Che Guevara
5825: [
5760:Pacific War
5544:Article 231
5534:Reparations
5511: [
5475: [
5452:Color books
5441:World War I
5425: [
5402:War of 1812
5307: [
5290: [
5275:(1792–1815)
5246:Sea Peoples
5231:Gallic Wars
4933: [
4921: [
4908:Revisionist
4897: [
4888:Reconquista
4878: [
4870:Inquisition
4864:Convivencia
4788: [
4776: [
4748: [
4645:Revisionism
4570: [
4518: [
4506: [
4494: [
4475: [
4417:Golden ages
4386: [
4383:Wunu School
4378:Archaeology
4251:Switzerland
4234:Kosovo Myth
4222:Great Union
4203: [
4188:Philippines
4171:Nationalist
4144:Ages of Man
4116: [
4104: [
4092: [
4070: [
4058: [
3894: [
3891:Revisionist
3783: [
3720:Renaissance
3585:Coloniality
3553: [
3541: [
3533:Historicity
3457:Revisionist
3447:Pop history
3418:Nationalist
3392: [
3337:Cliometrics
3305:Approaches,
3261:Methodology
3157:Linguistics
3107:Environment
3073:Vexillology
2996:Diplomatics
2979:Chorography
2918:Big History
2870:War diaries
2843:Illuminated
2838:Manuscripts
2823:Hieroglyphs
2703:historicity
2614:Big History
2555:Historicism
2454:New history
2408: [
2391: [
2372:Pierre Nora
2087:Peter Burke
2036:(in French)
2018:(in French)
2001:(in French)
1991:(in French)
1884:(in French)
1867:(in French)
1832:(in French)
1746:(in French)
1566:, antiquité
1514:(in French)
1000:Hunt (1986)
865:Don Quixote
803:Louis Henry
793:school was
669:Philippe II
657:Regionalism
453:during the
375:Co-founder
250:The journal
7061:Categories
7019:Multimedia
6838:Technology
6802:Urreligion
6705:Kharijites
6656:Background
6324:Historical
6295:Zhou Enlai
6190:Mao Zedong
6185:Louis Riel
5958:Background
5809:Guilty Men
5751:Uniqueness
5674:Background
5669:Winter War
5593:Background
5526:Versailles
5380:Great Game
5027:Ricardians
5022:Tudor myth
4740:Partitions
4333:Succession
3623:Narratives
3608:Presentism
3564:Philosophy
3384:Humanistic
3272:Case study
3204:Indigenous
3182:Diplomatic
3126:Capitalism
3026:Onomastics
2984:Chronology
2813:Facsimiles
2798:Chronicles
2696:historians
2667:Historians
2587:Postmodern
2530:Conceptual
2357:Marc Ferro
2290:Marc Bloch
2276:Historians
2026:On History
1771:Diacritics
1679:Fulltext:
1665:Hunt, Lynn
1539:Diacritics
1458:2015-10-26
1382:Fulltext:
1315:Fulltext:
1290:2019-01-30
1248:2019-01-30
1166:Fulltext:
1115:2006-09-23
1091:Historians
1040:Burke, P.
1030:, 106–107.
920:References
810:Wageningen
554:mentalités
529:Mentalités
497:Marc Ferro
377:Marc Bloch
369:mentalités
335:Marc Bloch
290:(1994– ).
243:mentalités
225:postmodern
195:mentalités
181:mentalités
122:Marc Bloch
6807:Perennial
6596:Economics
6548:Feudalism
6334:Australia
6082:Aurangzeb
6058:Political
6048:By person
5729:Pius Wars
5524:Treaty of
5183:conflicts
4990:Poor Laws
4853:Hispanism
4730:Sarmatism
4560:Sonderweg
4318:Expansion
4043:Litvinism
3877:Argentina
3711:Long 18th
3594:Dark Ages
3374:Historism
3172:Political
3111:Geography
3048:Philology
3011:Genealogy
3006:Epigraphy
2949:By source
2788:Artifacts
2119:0315-7997
2057:0022-2801
2034:includes
2028:, (1980)
1792:1478-0542
1677:0022-0094
1598:, (1989)
1570:in Persée
1491:Biography
1414:1 October
1380:0018-2176
1313:0006-4408
1204:128754074
1164:1363-3554
641:mentalité
598:mentalité
592:mentalité
586:mentalité
576:mentalité
314:mentalité
21:Annalists
7009:Category
6924:template
6638:Religion
6489:Socrates
6404:Muhammed
6326:rankings
6207:Napoleon
6025:Category
5843:Cold War
5746:Slovakia
5333:Waterloo
5202:Crusades
5147:Military
4995:Scotland
4953:Kemalist
4275:Nam tiến
4270:Vietnam
4260:Ukraine
4218:Romania
4200:Portugal
4126:Georgia
4101:Medieval
4050:Bulgaria
4039:Belarus
4024:Austria
3830:Americas
3798:Morocco
3794:Ethiopia
3573:Specific
3496:Concepts
3401:Leninist
3359:Feminist
3347:Critical
3194:Feminism
3167:Military
3121:Business
3116:Economic
3098:Cultural
3082:By topic
3068:Toponymy
3016:Heraldry
2964:template
2911:By scale
2833:Logbooks
2818:Features
2783:Archives
2582:Politics
2540:Economic
2535:Cultural
2430:Concepts
2071:, (1973)
2060:in JSTOR
1936:, (1972)
1849:(1989);
1813:in JSTOR
1804:, (1976)
1691:in JSTOR
1681:in Jstor
1660:in JSTOR
1650:in JSTOR
1610:in JSTOR
1551:, (1992)
1543:in JSTOR
1452:Archived
1384:in Jstor
1320:Archived
1284:Archived
1242:Archived
1093:, pp. 61
937:Archived
875:See also
779:against
634:(1949) (
545:scrofula
535:Bloch's
409:Precepts
200:cultural
7051:History
6944:Related
6834:Science
6479:Madonna
6451:Judaism
6414:Judaism
6246:Saladin
6136:Hypatia
6060:leaders
5984:Related
5937:Origins
5900:Origins
5851:Origins
5407:Origins
5353:Origins
5219:Origins
5081:Oceania
5044:British
4982:Kingdom
4625:Ireland
4532:Germany
4240:Sweden
4113:New Age
4089:Ancient
4085:Europe
4081:Croatia
4013:Albania
4006:Eurasia
3808:Rwanda
3506:General
3406:Marxist
3307:schools
3136:Thought
3103:Ecology
2865:Scrolls
2803:Codices
2771:Sources
2710:history
2687:History
2609:History
2562:Marxist
2525:Annales
2463:Journal
2267:Annales
2196:Annales
2144:(2002)
2127:(1996)
2091:Annales
2085:ed. by
2011:(1953)
1960:(1978)
1943:(1986)
1928:Annales
1916:(2007)
1853:(1989)
1759:, eds.
1618:(1996)
1428:Burke,
1361:flavor.
1359:Annales
1334:Burke,
1024:Annales
831:Current
799:Annales
791:Annales
759:Annales
751:Annales
743:Annales
717:Annales
713:Annales
697:Annales
682:Annales
663:Annales
661:Before
622:Annales
605:Braudel
547:by his
509:Annales
505:Annales
467:Annales
463:Annales
451:Gestapo
445:Postwar
347:Annales
331:Annales
325:Origins
319:Annales
305:Annales
301:Annales
238:Annales
233:Annales
221:Annales
217:Annales
186:Annales
154:Annales
62:Annales
51:Annales
7037:Portal
6570:Salons
6372:Others
6339:Canada
5973:Causes
5910:Causes
5885:Causes
5679:Spirit
5613:Causes
5583:Causes
5448:Causes
5417:Causes
5390:Causes
5368:Causes
5299:Causes
5046:Empire
4980:United
4946:Turkey
4761:Russia
4735:Deluge
4718:Poland
4458:France
4256:Taiwan
4229:Serbia
4035:Balhae
3886:Causes
3837:Canada
3771:Egypt
3764:Africa
3288:Tarikh
3209:Labour
3199:Gender
3189:Social
2989:dating
2855:Papyri
2778:Annals
2597:Social
2550:Gender
2269:school
2167:about
2154:(1990)
2117:
2106:(1979)
2099:(1981)
2067:, ed.
2055:
1972:search
1953:(1974)
1863:(1972)
1842:(1990)
1790:
1675:
1507:
1405:
1378:
1311:
1276:
1202:
1162:
1145:(1990)
869:Pamela
861:Hamlet
725:Poland
671:et la
563:Proust
64:school
53:school
6817:Roman
6729:]
6543:]
6456:Islam
6426:Jesus
6314:]
6302:]
6290:]
6258:]
6234:]
6197:]
6160:]
6148:]
6116:]
6104:]
5829:]
5719:Nakba
5515:]
5479:]
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5294:]
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4925:]
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4882:]
4837:Spain
4792:]
4780:]
4752:]
4659:Italy
4597:India
4574:]
4522:]
4510:]
4498:]
4479:]
4390:]
4365:China
4207:]
4166:Korea
4161:Japan
4150:Iran
4139:Greek
4120:]
4108:]
4096:]
4074:]
4067:Early
4062:]
3923:Casta
3898:]
3820:Maafa
3787:]
3557:]
3545:]
3396:]
3236:Women
3231:Urban
3219:Rural
3214:LGBTQ
2970:Books
2808:Deeds
2745:Types
2412:]
2395:]
1200:S2CID
857:Bible
721:Italy
559:Freud
435:, or
178:, or
6908:list
5503:1917
4515:Lyon
3986:Eras
3905:Peru
3640:list
3587:and
3467:Whig
2674:list
2115:ISSN
2053:ISSN
1788:ISSN
1673:ISSN
1505:ISBN
1416:2022
1403:ISBN
1376:ISSN
1309:ISSN
1274:ISBN
1160:ISSN
932:See
808:The
723:and
711:The
680:The
569:and
561:and
519:and
499:and
337:and
329:The
202:and
104:and
59:The
3634:Pax
1794:in
1192:doi
1168:OUP
783:'s
773:'s
482:la
360:la
7063::
6727:it
6541:pt
6312:zh
6300:zh
6288:zh
6256:zh
6232:es
6195:zh
6158:ru
6146:zh
6114:zh
6102:zh
5827:fr
5513:ru
5477:fr
5454:/
5427:es
5309:ru
5292:fr
4935:es
4923:es
4899:es
4880:es
4790:ru
4778:ru
4750:pl
4572:de
4520:fr
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4477:fr
4388:zh
4205:pt
4118:ru
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4094:ru
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4060:de
3896:es
3785:es
3555:de
3543:es
3394:pt
2410:fr
2393:fr
1898:;
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1198:.
1188:11
1186:.
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7039::
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2646:e
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