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353:, the Imperial Chancellor, to be Thèroigne's interrogator. After about a month of heavy interrogation, Blanc found that she had no useful information to offer and that many of the rumors regarding her were false. Eventually Blanc grew an affection to her and arranged for her release after he discovered that she had many health issues, including depression, insomnia, migraines, and coughing of blood.
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382:, where she described her ordeal and was lauded as "one of the first Amazons of liberty." Throughout the spring of 1792, she campaigned for women's rights to bear arms, and in March argued for the establishment of a battalion of women who might defend the city. Her recruiting work for this battalion, however, proved unpopular, and she was denounced to the Jacobins for causing unrest in the
342:, where she was interrogated about her revolutionary activities. She was taken by mercenaries on a 10-day journey to Austria during which she was bullied and nearly raped by her three captors. The Austrians, influenced by Théroigne's portrayal in the Paris tabloids, attributed to her an exaggerated role in the Revolution. They portrayed her as a subversive "
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Théroigne's revolutionary activities remained subdued for the remainder of 1792, but she often was seen at the
Jacobins in her riding habit. In early 1793, she composed a series of placards arguing for the active involvement of women in encouraging patriotic duty. Théroigne had, by this point, allied
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They left for Genoa, Italy, at some point between May 1787 and
February 1788. After recognizing his true intentions, she sought help from friends and lawyers who assured her that the contract was invalid. In order to go to Rome like she now desired, Anne-Josèphe needed money. In March 1789, she wrote
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One night when Madame
Colbert was out, the Englishman entered the home begging for Anne-Josèphe to elope with him. According to her account after she declined, she was abducted and taken by force. When he became of age and inherited his fortune, the unmarried couple went to Paris to live their lives.
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The history of this fictional Théroigne came to overshadow and confuse her actual actions during this time. By her own account, she was not present at the fall of the
Bastille, nor did she march on Versailles during the October Days; rather, she had lived at Versailles throughout the summer of 1789,
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While traveling toward her father, she got news that her father had died and so she was forced to change her plans. Tenducci was not able to execute his plan because she no longer had a reason to visit and drop off a large sum of money. Tenducci proceeded to convince her to travel to Italy with him,
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A year later, she went back to Liège to work as a seamstress, only to face the same discontent with her life as before. She proceeded to seek refuge with a different aunt, by the name of
Clamend, who lived in Xhoris. Before long, a woman asked Anne-Josèphe to come to Antwerp with her to care for her
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to stay with some of their father's relatives. While in Xhoris, she constantly was snubbed and overworked to the point where she could not take it any longer. As a result, she went back to her aunt in Liège, but found that she was still mistreated. After realizing the need to start her own life, she
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About a year after Anne-Josèphe began school, her aunt married and stopped paying for her school. Anne-Josèphe fled back to her father after he remarried because she was forced to be a house maid and tend to her aunt's children. Life at her father's was no better, her stepmother treated her just as
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Théroigne was beginning to realize that the majority of the supporters of the revolution were interested in the rights of men and not in the rights of women. Beginning in
November 1789, the Parisian royalist press began to construct a flamboyant and infamous caricature of Théroigne as a "patriots'
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Luckily for Anne-Josèphe, a woman by the name of Madame
Colbert saw something within her and took her in as the governess to her children. Anne-Josèphe was sixteen when she started living with Madame Colbert; her life consisted of teaching Madame Colbert's children and studying operatic singing in
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march on
Versailles; she fought soldiers and was "ever to be found where the unrest was greatest," attired in a "scarlet riding-habit and... black plume." She was portrayed as a shameless libertine who was sexually involved with "Deputy Populus" ("the people") and one tabloid wrote that "every
155:, to Pierre Terwagne (b. 1731) and Anne-Élisabeth Lahaye (1732–1767). Her mother died after giving birth to her third child, leaving Anne-Josèphe alone with her father and two brothers; Pierre-Josèphe (b. 1764) and Josèphe (b. 1767). After her mother died, she was sent to live with her aunt in
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At some point between 1784 and 1787 she crafted a relationship with 60-year-old
Marquis de Persan, a councillor of the Parliament of Paris. Much about their relationship remains a mystery, but what is known is that they communicated through letters, and that he treated her very generously.
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and the terraces of the
National Assembly. Frustrated by the minimal opportunities available to female patriots, she supported the formation of mixed-sex and women's patriotic clubs. Around this time is when she became known as Théroigne de Méricourt.
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Rumors about the French revolution began surfacing in Rome. In May 1789, after her younger brother was situated in Rome, she traveled from Italy to Paris, where she became swept up in the early stirrings of the revolution.
231:, a Swiss banker, thanking him for his assistance in acquiring payment from Marquis de Persan, asking for a loan to buy her eldest brother a managership, and requesting letters of recommendation for Rome and Naples.
295:("Society of Friends of the Law"), a club that sought to encourage and assist patriotic work in the provinces. The club was short-lived, and Anne-Josèphe turned her revolutionary zeal into oratory at the Club des
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and because she could not afford the full cost of the lessons with the help of Tenducci's attorney they drafted an agreement. She had no idea of Tenducci's plan to scam her out of money so he could pay his debts.
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when she was attacked by a group of women allied with the Jacobins. The women, objecting to her pro-Girondin sentiments, stripped her naked and beat her severely. She was rescued by the intervention of
256:, sanctifying the revolution while wearing a tricolored cockade. She dressed in a man's riding habit and a round hat in order to appear as a man to avoid the discrimination faced by women.
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so she could understand the issues and began to help. In October 1789, she moved to Paris so she could continue to attend the National Assembly meetings which took place in there.
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Hospital in 1807, where she lived for 10 years, intermittently lucid and speaking constantly about the revolution. Following a short illness, she died there on 8 June 1817.
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Théroigne's behavior became erratic, and on 20 September 1794, she was certified insane and put into an asylum in Faubourg Marceau. She ultimately was sent to
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In January 1792, Théroigne returned to Paris. News of her Austrian captivity had preceded her, and she was welcomed as a hero. On 1 February, she spoke at the
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in Belgium. She was a cofounder of a Parisian revolutionary club and had warrants for her arrest issued in France for her alleged participation in the
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several European capitals. They ended up at Madame Colbert's house in London where eventually a rich Englishman set his eyes on Anne-Josèphe.
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to ensure that she make it to all of the National Assembly meetings. She learned as much as she could about the unfolding events like the
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her two brothers, and her half brother Pierrot. She was under the impression that she was going to be reimbursed for the travel expenses.
143:. She is known both for her portrayal in the French Revolutionary press and for her subsequent mental breakdown and institutionalization.
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She quickly caught onto his lavish ways and tried to work with him, but in 1787 he returned to England leaving her in Paris with 200,000
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poorly as her aunt did. Her eldest brother went to Germany to stay with relatives by the name of Campinados.
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she was inspired to break away from Marquis de Persan and pursue her singing career. She found a noteworthy
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In May 1790, impoverished and much affected by the libels of the royalist press, Théroigne left Paris for
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Desan, Suzanne. "Théroigne de Méricourt, Gender, and International Politics in Revolutionary Europe."
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539:(2014), Théroigne de Méricourt appears in several side missions. She is voiced by Natalia Payne.
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Les origines du féminisme contemporain: Olympe de Gouges, Théroigne de Méricourt, Rose Lacombe
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to also foster revolution. She was held in an Austrian prison from 1791 to 1792 for being an
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whore" and "female war chief." According to the pages of these pamphlets, she assaulted the
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daughter, but the woman abandoned her at the inn they were staying at after a few weeks.
881:(mort en... 1794), transcribe par Jean-Pierre Ghersenzon, Verdier / L’Éther Vague, 2005.
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attending debates at the National Assembly and meeting with political figures such as
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Anne-Joseph operated under the alias Mademoiselle Campinado whenever she worked as a
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Amazons to Fighter Pilots - A Biographical Dictionary of Military Woman (Volume Two)
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is not true. She later was awarded a civic crown for her courage on 10 August 1792.
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115:; 13 August 1762 – 8 June 1817) was a Belgian singer, orator and organizer in the
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meeting discussing the rapidly spreading revolution. By the end of the month the
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852:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 836–837.
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Anne-Josèphe's first involvement in the revolution was on 17 July 1789 when
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Théroigne de Méricourt, Une femme mélancolique sous la Révolution
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Théroigne de Méricourt: une femme mélancolique sous la Révolution
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representative may fairly claim to be the father of her child."
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and was put into a convent school where she learned how to sew.
131:. She was active in the French Revolution and worked within the
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At the age of 13, Anne-Josèphe and her younger brother went to
438:, but suffered afterward from headaches and mental troubles.
402:. That Theroigne lynched to death the royalist pamphleteer
578:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 433.
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Theroigne de Mericourt appears as a minor character in
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Occupation of Saint-Nizier church by Lyon prostitutes
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On 15 May, Théroigne was delivering a speech in the
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Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
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632:A woman of the revolution, Théroigne de Méricourt
602:A woman of the revolution, Théroigne de Méricourt
151:She was born Anne-Josèphe Terwagne in Marcourt,
777:(in French). Plon, Nourrit et Cie. p. 116.
357:Role in the French Revolution cont. (1792–1793)
1485:Parisian Women in Algerian Costume (The Harem)
548:(2022), Théroigne de Méricourt appears in the
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520:Love and Fury: A Novel of Mary Wollstonecraft
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259:On 4 August 1789 she attended an important
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506:was written in 1902 and was performed by
454:Fact and fiction in the French Revolution
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287:In January 1790 she founded, along with
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330:. After a short stay, she proceeded to
27:French Revolution organizer (1762-1817)
1490:Prostitution in Impressionist painting
1465:Brigade de répression du proxénétisme
239:Role in French Revolution (1789–1790)
206:After meeting renowned Italian tenor
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844:Théroigne de Méricourt, Anne Josèphe
659:. New York: Brentano's. p. 83.
634:. New York: Brentano's. p. 80.
244:King's cockade and National Assembly
1546:18th-century French women musicians
556:. She is voiced by Lucy Montgomery.
349:François de Blanc was appointed by
267:was passed. She decided to move to
107:Anne-Josèphe Théroigne de Méricourt
18:Anne Josephe Theroigne de Mericourt
554:Steelrising - Cagliostro's Secrets
513:Theroigne de Mericourt appears in
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989:History of prostitution in France
605:. New York: Brentano's. pp.
322:Austrian imprisonment (1790–1792)
1566:Belgian women's rights activists
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984:Prostitution in Overseas France
906:Works by Théroigne de Méricourt
873:(ed.), Théroigne de Méricourt,
1541:Women in the French Revolution
1231:Anne Françoise Elisabeth Lange
788:Roudinesco, Élisabeth (2010).
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979:Chinese prostitution in Paris
283:Society of Friends of the Law
100:Singer, orator, revolutionary
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792:(in French). Albin Michel.
394:During the insurrection of
277:Women's March on Versailles
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1413:Syndicat du travail sexuel
1408:Les amis du bus des femmes
895:, Albin Michel, Mars 2010.
574:Pennington, Reina (2003).
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89:Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital
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125:Prince-Bishopric of Liège
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773:Lacour, Léopold (1900).
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171:learned to herd cows in
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974:Prostitution in Paris
867:92.2 (2020): 274–310.
655:Hamel, Frank (1911).
630:Hamel, Frank (1911).
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510:on 23 September 1902.
404:François-Louis Suleau
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304:Rumors from the press
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55:Anne-Josèphe Terwagne
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875:La Lettre-mélancolie
550:Downloadable content
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367:Joseph Charles Marin
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1141:Émilienne d'Alençon
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727:Roudinesco, p. 67
691:Roudinesco, p. 31
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83:(1817-06-08)
29:
1521:1817 deaths
1516:1762 births
1348:Zahia Dehar
1336:Prostitutes
1251:Léonie Léon
1045:One-Two-Two
820:Attribution
545:Steelrising
528:Video games
469:Abbé Sieyès
407: [
252:was at the
81:8 June 1817
1510:Categories
1353:Jean Genet
1134:Courtesans
561:References
480:Literature
467:, and the
297:Cordeliers
273:Versailles
68:Marcourt,
61:1762-08-13
1561:Girondins
1087:Activists
1055:Le Sphinx
1035:Le Fourcy
498:The play
424:Girondins
396:10 August
201:courtesan
72:, Belgium
1556:Jacobins
1261:La Païva
998:Brothels
962:Overview
328:Marcourt
311:Bastille
212:castrato
121:Marcourt
917:at the
837::
177:Limburg
153:Rendeux
70:Rendeux
1080:People
879:Danton
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344:Pythia
291:, the
193:livres
173:Sougné
168:Xhoris
109:(born
1453:Other
1305:Pimps
609:–62.
411:]
336:Tyrol
332:Liège
157:Liège
123:, in
794:ISBN
661:ISBN
636:ISBN
611:ISBN
580:ISBN
78:Died
51:Born
1064:Law
908:at
846:".
542:In
533:In
502:by
271:in
227:to
1512::
887:,
708:^
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463:,
409:fr
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63:)
59:(
20:)
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