119:; later a rail link was constructed, reducing the journey time to a matter of hours. The women's hospital (also known as the Mary Black Hospital) had been opened in 1884 by Dr. Mildred Philips. She left in about 1892 and the hospital was temporarily closed until the arrival of Anne Walter. She soon became known for her energetic approach and during her fourteen years at the hospital she performed operations, delivered babies, opened additional wards, and started a medical school for Chinese students.
103:, from where she graduated in 1893. One of her colleagues at medical school, Dr. Margaret Polk, had been appointed to a missionary hospital in China, but due to family commitments could not go immediately, so Anne offered to take her place. At this time women who qualified as doctors were not always given the opportunity to practise, so this chance to work in China was welcomed by Anne.
131:. They had different views on religion, there was professional rivalry between them, and Anne said that her husband was "dominant and born to give orders, just as definitely as I was born not to take them". Needless to say their marriage was described as "sometimes stormy". They had one child, a daughter Elizabeth, born in 1897, but who died of amoebic dysentery in 1902.
180:
In 1914, the Fearns started another trip, this time across China to Russia, arriving in Moscow just as the First World War began. They travelled to London and offered their medical services for the war effort, but were told they should go to the USA and register there. When they tried this they were
167:
Upon her return to
Shanghai she became a physician in the Foreign Women's Rescue Home and continued to work at the Margaret Williamson Hospital. During the revolutionary period of 1913, the Fearns worked with refugees in the city whilst stray bullets and shells landed around them from the fighting at
220:
and his claims of being able to restore vitality and energy. Anne contacted
Steinach, who was based in Vienna, and arranged to take the 30-day course of treatment. This started with tests followed by electrical treatment to improve circulation, injections of glandular extracts and occasional x-rays.
155:
In
February 1909, Francis Augustus Carl of the Chinese Maritime Customs invited her to attend the International Opium Conference in Shanghai. She hosted a reception for the delegates, and this became the first of many such social events that she organised during her time in China. She was invited to
63:
The death of Anne's father, and subsequent crop failures on their land, resulted in the Walter family facing serious financial difficulties despite the efforts of her surviving brother Harvey. Fortunately two of Anne's sisters married influential and wealthy men: Minnie married Henry Clay Myers, who
229:
Anne could not settle in
America and yet again returned to Shanghai, where she was involved with charitable fundraising activities, hosting gatherings with financiers, politicians, and artists. She travelled abroad, giving talks and meeting influential figures to gain support for organisations such
59:
When Anne Walter was thirteen, yellow fever hit the town of Holly
Springs and her father sent his wife and youngest children away. He and three of his eldest sons remained behind and turned their mansion into a hospital to help look after the sick. In doing so they all contracted the fever and died
151:
In 1907, Dr. John Fearn resigned his position and the couple moved to the United States. They returned the following year to
Shanghai, where he became a business manager for the Associated Protestant Missions. Inactivity did not suit Anne so she helped out in various missions and clinics; these
92:, North Carolina, for three years. By the time she was sixteen she described herself as "only being qualified to be a social butterfly", but she was inspired to become a doctor of medicine. On hearing this her mother threatened to disown her but eventually relented and Anne entered the
142:
In 1905 anti-American sentiments in China resulted in further civil unrest, and for a period the Fearn family moved to
Shanghai. Once the situation calmed down, they returned to Suzhou, where they made plans for a world tour followed by a permanent move back to America.
362:
206:
She ran the hospital for ten years until the death of her husband on June 7, 1926. He had, following his return from the war, been the medical superintendent and director of the
Shanghai General Hospital and later administered the new Country Hospital.
215:
After the sale of the sanatorium Anne left
Shanghai and travelled to the USA; she followed the route of an earlier trip she had taken with her husband. By the time she reached Vienna she was exhausted; an acquaintance informed her of the work of
159:
Still frustrated at the lack of a purpose in her life she became involved with community work; this included opening facilities for visiting US sailors and efforts to improve the conditions for
Chinese workers. She applied to work in
221:
On the eighth day she had become so weak she could hardly dress herself, but remarkably after this she began to feel invigorated. The effects lasted for two years and she then booked herself in for another treatment.
134:
In 1900 the couple took a furlough and returned to the U.S. The journey was delayed due to enforced periods of quarantine after the death of a passenger from yellow fever. Their absence from China coincided with the
393:
139:
and when they returned to Suzhou they found conditions had changed. There had been many executions, soldiers were billeted in the hospital chapel, and it was months before normality returned.
864:
184:
They both returned to Shanghai, where Anne started a private medical practise in partnership with Dr Polk. Her husband left for France, where he became a temporary honorary Captain in the
164:
during a plague epidemic, but another doctor who had the necessary inoculations was selected to go instead. In 1910 she travelled to Japan and for a period worked as an obstetrician.
111:
Although she did not belong to a church, Anne became an employee of the Women's Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church South. She was based at Soochow (
152:
included Miss Cornelia Bonnel's shelter for girls who had been forced into slavery or prostitution, and the Margaret Williamson Hospital for Chinese women and children.
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889:
844:
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and turned it into a private hospital called the Fearn Sanitorium. She managed to buy the property with funding from a wealthy Chinese man and the
115:) women's hospital, about 60 miles to the west of Shanghai. When Anne arrived in China, the journey between the two places took three days via the
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247:). This placed greater pressure on the voluntary services that Anne worked for, supporting refugees, the homeless and orphans.
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in 1932 when a military conflict took place in Shanghai between Japanese and Chinese forces (referred to as the
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56:; her mother, Martha Fredonia Brown, was descended from pioneers who had travelled west in 1788.
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The China Who's Who 1922: A Biographical Dictionary compiled and published by Carroll Lunt
156:
join the American Women's Club in Shanghai, being elected as the corresponding secretary.
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217:
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as the National Child Welfare Association of China and the Shanghai American School.
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513:
420:
389:
263:
on April 28, 1939, aged 71. She dedicated the book to Irene, "my sister and friend".
53:
116:
746:
127:
In 1896, she married a missionary physician, Dr. John Burrus Fearn, a native of
381:
795:
688:
James, Edward T.; James, Paul S. Boyer, Janet Wilson; Boyer, Paul S. (1971).
511:
James, Edward T.; James, Paul S. Boyer, Janet Wilson; Boyer, Paul S. (1971).
418:
James, Edward T.; James, Paul S. Boyer, Janet Wilson; Boyer, Paul S. (1971).
161:
25:
32:, China, on a temporary posting in 1893, and remained there for 40 years.
29:
692:
Notable American Women, 1607–1950: A Biographical Dictionary, Volume 3
515:
Notable American Women, 1607–1950: A Biographical Dictionary, Volume 3
422:
Notable American Women, 1607–1950: A Biographical Dictionary, Volume 3
234:
112:
571:"Preschool Education and Child Protection in China, 1903-1953"
492:. Shanghai, China: Printed by Kelly & Walsh. p. 101
255:
Anne returned home in 1938, where she completed her memoirs
44:, just after the American Civil War. Her father was lawyer,
578:
Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley
317:
The bench and bar of Mississippi; Harvey Washington Walter
558:. London: Robert Hale Ltd. pp. Chapters XI to XIII.
663:"SUPPLEMENT TO THE LONDON GAZETTE, 16 AUGUST, 1919"
689:
601:The United States in Asia: A Historical Dictionary
512:
419:
181:informed that only male surgeons were required.
735:. London: Robert Hale Ltd. pp. Chapter XXV.
24:(May 21, 1867 – April 28, 1939) was an American
865:Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania alumni
320:. New York: E.J. Hale & son. p. 487.
8:
651:. London: Robert Hale Ltd. pp. 173–176.
542:Shanghai American School, 1912, anne fearn.
449:Shanghai American School, 1912, anne fearn.
812:– via National Library of Australia.
669:. Supplement:31508: 10439. August 16, 1919
604:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 80.
99:She was then awarded a scholarship to the
747:"Interview with Dr. H. H. Kung--outtakes"
201:Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation
774:"Woman Doctor Recalls he Exciting Life"
272:
101:Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania
855:People from Holly Springs, Mississippi
796:"Devoted her life to Chinese children"
350:. London: Robert Hale Ltd. p. 24.
88:At the age of twelve Anne was sent to
696:. Harvard University Press. pp.
519:. Harvard University Press. pp.
426:. Harvard University Press. pp.
68:from 1879 to 1885, and Irene married
7:
363:"Momentous events in the life story"
283:The Majesty of the Mississippi Delta
280:Frasier, Jim; Freeman, Wes (2002).
286:. Pelican Publishing. p. 94.
14:
751:Moving Image Research Collections
890:20th-century American physicians
845:19th-century American physicians
628:. The Yazoo Herald. May 14, 1915
195:She rented a large house in the
875:Christian missionaries in China
840:American Christian missionaries
885:Christian medical missionaries
804:. October 14, 1939. p. 18
772:Hynds, Reed (April 12, 1939).
753:. University of South Carolina
719:Shanghai American School, 1912
66:Mississippi Secretary of State
1:
880:Female Christian missionaries
801:The Australian Women's Weekly
60:within a week of each other.
370:Review of General Psychology
870:Physicians from Mississippi
731:Fearn, Anne Walter (1940).
647:Fearn, Anne Walter (1940).
554:Fearn, Anne Walter (1940).
346:Fearn, Anne Walter (1940).
225:Indefatigable social worker
906:
860:Stanford University alumni
361:Pillemer, David B (2001).
197:Shanghai French Concession
90:Charlotte Female Institute
74:International Shoe Company
42:Holly Springs, Mississippi
850:American women physicians
382:10.1037/1089-2680.5.2.123
259:just before her death in
326:2027/yale.39002012538527
186:Royal Army Medical Corps
52:as Judge Advocate under
46:Harvey Washington Walter
569:Tillman, Margaret Mih.
461:Mrs. I.G. John (1899).
129:Yazoo City, Mississippi
598:Shavit, David (1990).
486:Lunt, Carroll (1922).
94:Cooper Medical College
776:. St Louis Star-Times
314:Lynch, J. D. (1881).
251:Her memoirs and death
261:Berkeley, California
190:Chinese Labour Corps
48:, who served in the
733:My Days of Strength
649:My Days of Strength
556:My Days of Strength
348:My Days of Strength
257:My Days of Strength
244:January 28 Incident
188:, working with the
667:The London Gazette
626:"Dr Fearn Honored"
96:in San Francisco.
18:American physician
464:Missionary Cameos
399:on April 29, 2016
239:Shanghai Incident
22:Anne Walter Fearn
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170:Kiangnan Arsenal
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40:She grew up in
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218:Eugen Steinach
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211:Eugen Steinach
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54:General Bragg
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806:. Retrieved
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673:February 10,
671:. Retrieved
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496:February 10,
494:. Retrieved
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469:. Retrieved
467:. p. 69
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441:. Retrieved
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401:. Retrieved
394:the original
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147:1907 to 1914
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117:Suzhou Creek
110:
98:
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78:Walter Place
62:
58:
39:
28:who went to
21:
20:
15:
835:1939 deaths
830:1867 births
808:January 29,
757:January 28,
713:January 28,
536:January 28,
471:January 28,
443:January 28,
403:January 28,
331:January 28,
299:January 29,
233:She was in
824:Categories
700:&604.
523:&604.
430:&604.
376:(2): 123.
267:References
176:Sanatorium
780:March 10,
632:March 10,
583:March 10,
390:197650204
162:Manchuria
80:in 1889.
26:physician
123:Marriage
64:was the
30:Shanghai
72:of the
704:
608:
527:
434:
388:
290:
235:Manila
113:Suzhou
36:Family
574:(PDF)
397:(PDF)
386:S2CID
366:(PDF)
810:2016
782:2021
759:2016
715:2016
702:ISBN
675:2016
634:2021
606:ISBN
585:2021
538:2016
525:ISBN
498:2016
473:2016
445:2016
432:ISBN
405:2016
333:2016
301:2016
288:ISBN
168:the
698:603
521:603
428:603
378:doi
322:hdl
241:or
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