358:. Upon her death, one particular colleague of the UCL wrote an article about Warner which demonstrated her personality that enabled her to reach many of her goals in life. Warner was known as a formidable lady who brought together her colleagues through her perseverance and motivation to solve problems. Through her efforts, Warner dedicated her life to making a difference in her field of research and the many organisations that she was a part of.
250:. For the last 20 years before Warner began her research on gap junctions, embryologists had been working hard to prove that gap junctions were the means through which cells communicated and associated into tissues during embryological development. Warner, along with her colleague Sarah Guthrie, was said to have ended this journey with her discovery and conclusions. While working with the
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organisation, Warner brought together a variety of different scientists to work towards the common goal of developing the field of biology. The organisation became an example and model for similar organisations in other countries. Her work with the organisations that she was involved in created a lasting legacy through her many programs that are still used today.
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that her body did not accept well, and at this time she was no longer able to be physically involved in the many organisations that she was a part of. However, she remained in communication with the organisations and gave them advice throughout the time of her illness. After an extended illness she
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After confirming the successful blocking of the gap junctions in the 8-cell-embryos, Warner continued to grow the embryos and took note that due to the blockage of the gap junctions, development of the toads was abnormal. Thus, Warner was the scientist responsible for confirming the crucial role of
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Workshop in 1984, which was responsible for creating many cell physiologist cohorts across the world. As director of the UCL CoMPLEX during its infantile stages, Warner was a co-founder of the organisation and fostered its development during her many years as its leader. As the leader of the
333:(Centre of Mathematics, Physics, and Life Sciences) at the University College London. With Warner's role in the MBA, she is partially responsible for the organisation's survival and legacy to this day. Among many of the programs that Warner initiated in the organisation, she founded the
254:
of frogs, Warner observed "electrical coupling" between adjacent cells, meaning that an induced change in the resting voltage of one cell resulted in a corresponding change in an adjacent cell, which demonstrated the fact that junctions between the cells are responsible for transporting
40:
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gap junction in the successful and normal development of cells from embryos to mature organisms. Through this discovery, Warner contributed to the growing research on the process of cell proliferation and maturation from an embryo to a fully functioning organism.
275:, which was said to have blocked the channels of gap junctions, Warner confirmed the blockage of the channels by injecting dyes into the cells in addition to confirming the lack of electrical coupling that she observed in earlier experiments.
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To prove the essential role of these gap junctions in embryological development, Warner conducted experiments during the 1980s to block these junctions and observe the resulting effects. Using the 8-cell-embryos of the
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317:. Throughout her years of work at the university, Warner held several positions including the position of Reader at the Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and
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in 1985. Of all of the organisations and leadership roles that Warner was involved in, she is perhaps most well known for her role as vice-president of the
178:. Warner was known for her work and leadership in a variety of research projects and organisations. She is perhaps most well known for her roles as a cell
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346:
Warner met her husband
Michael while they were both members of the stage crew at University College London. Her husband predeceased her by a few weeks.
259:
from one location to the next. However, Warner noticed that the gap junctions appeared to be present during some developmental stages, but not others.
226:, receiving her doctorate in 1964 at the age of 23. That same year she took up a staff position at the Institute and began research into the effect of
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Blackshaw, Susanna; Warner, Anne (1976). "Onset of acetylcholine sensitivity and endplate activity in developing myotome muscles of
Xenopus".
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In addition to her research, Warner was involved in many scientific organisations, often in a leadership role. She was a member of NERC, the
271:, she used antibody injections to block the channels in the connections of the gap junctions. After injecting the embryos with a specific
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boards and policy committees. In 1976, Warner returned to her alma mater, University
College London, after being a lecturer at the
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Marshall) and James
Frederick Crompton Brooks (1914–1996), an engineer in the Ministry of Aircraft Production. She was educated at
666:
885:
Rink, T. J.; Tsien, R. Y.; Warner, A. E. (1980). "Free calcium in
Xenopus embryos measured with ion-selective microelectrodes".
170:(25 August 1940 – 16 May 2012) was a British biologist and a professor in the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology at
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Warner was a participant and leader in a wide variety of research projects, and is best known for her work into the role of
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29:
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Ashmore, Jonathan (7 January 2016). "Warner , Anne
Elizabeth (1940–2012), physiologist and developmental biologist".
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Warner, Anne E.; Lawrence, P. A. (1973). "Electrical
Coupling across Developmental Boundaries in Insect Epidermis".
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Warner, Anne (1999). "Interactions between growth factors and gap junctional communication in developing systems".
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Novartis
Foundation Symposium 219 ‐ Gap Junction‐Mediated Intercellular Signalling in Health and Disease
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Foulerton
Professor, an honour she received in 1986. In addition, Warner was elected a
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483:. Novartis Foundation Symposia. Vol. 219. pp. 60–72, discussion 72–5.
246:, which she began to pursue during the late 1970s following her research at the
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182:, politician of science, and founder of the organisation UCL centre CoMPLEX.
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726:"The pH sensitivity of the chloride conductance of frog skeletal muscle"
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Warner, Anne (1992). "Gap junctions in development--a perspective".
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died on 16 May 2012 at
University College Hospital, Camden, of a
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The effect of pH on the membrane conductance of skeletal muscle
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Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
938:"Anne Elizabeth Warner. 25 August 1940—16 May 2012"
289:
Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
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423:"Listening in on cells' channels of communication"
190:Born Anne Elizabeth Brookes on 25 August 1940 at
1055:National Institute for Medical Research faculty
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670:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
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555:Warner, Anne (1988). "The gap junction".
230:on skeletal muscle chloride conductance.
667:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
660:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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293:Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine
248:National Institute for Medical Research
220:National Institute for Medical Research
194:, she was the only child of Elizabeth (
1035:Academics of University College London
315:Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine
44:Warner in her laboratory (early 1990s)
1030:21st-century British women scientists
1020:20th-century British women scientists
724:Hutter, O. F.; Warner, A. E. (1967).
651:
649:
647:
7:
612:"Anne Warner FRS 1940–2012 Obituary"
1050:Female fellows of the Royal Society
707:"How cells seal each other's fates"
329:(MBA) council and Director of the
210:where she graduated with a BSc in
174:. Her major field of research was
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1025:21st-century British biologists
1015:20th-century British biologists
200:Pate's Grammar School for Girls
744:10.1113/jphysiol.1967.sp008176
713:. 11 October 1984. p. 16.
1:
534:10.1016/S1043-4682(10)80009-1
327:Marine Biological Association
1045:Fellows of the Royal Society
684:UK public library membership
349:Her health declined after a
460:"Anne Warner FRS 1940–2012"
323:Fellow of the Royal Society
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731:The Journal of Physiology
489:10.1002/9780470515587.ch5
307:The Physiological Society
302:The Journal of Physiology
299:, the editorial board of
244:embryological development
222:under the supervision of
208:University College London
172:University College London
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121:University College London
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1040:British women biologists
593:"Anne Warner's UCL page"
311:Medical Research Council
936:Guthrie, Sarah (2021).
676:10.1093/ref:odnb/105357
558:Journal of Cell Science
351:heart valve replacement
206:, going on to study at
955:10.1098/rsbm.2020.0046
214:. She studied for her
623:Physiological Society
54:Anne Elizabeth Brooks
356:cerebral haemorrhage
93:University of London
980:on 21 November 2016
899:1980Natur.283..658R
848:1976Natur.262..217B
797:1973Natur.245...47W
431:. 17 November 1977.
403:on 17 December 2010
385:on 12 October 2012.
305:, the Committee of
265:African clawed frog
180:electrophysiologist
571:10.1242/jcs.89.1.1
397:"Prof Anne Warner"
893:(5748): 658–660.
842:(5565): 217–218.
682:(Subscription or
599:on 12 March 2008.
456:Ashmore, Jonathan
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111:Electrophysiology
101:Scientific career
16:British biologist
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976:. Archived from
970:"My Friend Anne"
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375:"Notices 2012"
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982:. Retrieved
978:the original
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528:(1): 81–91.
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117:Institutions
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74:(2012-05-16)
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1010:2012 deaths
1005:1940 births
984:20 November
948:: 441–462.
309:, and many
224:Otto Hutter
151:Otto Hutter
81:Nationality
72:16 May 2012
25:Anne Warner
999:Categories
686:required.)
619:physoc.org
565:(1): 1–7.
362:References
212:physiology
204:Cheltenham
60:1940-08-25
752:0022-3751
186:Education
507:10207898
458:(2012).
273:antibody
234:Research
923:4245611
915:7354852
895:Bibcode
872:4245621
844:Bibcode
821:4188170
813:4583131
793:Bibcode
770:6040154
761:1396114
579:2458367
542:1320432
331:CoMPLEX
269:Xenopus
252:embryos
218:at the
84:English
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887:Nature
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864:934337
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836:Nature
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636:29 May
577:
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407:23 May
295:, the
291:, the
283:Career
139:(1964)
137:
128:Thesis
107:Fields
919:S2CID
868:S2CID
817:S2CID
630:(PDF)
615:(PDF)
95:(PhD)
986:2016
911:PMID
860:PMID
809:PMID
766:PMID
748:ISSN
638:2012
575:PMID
538:PMID
503:PMID
493:ISBN
409:2012
257:ions
69:Died
50:Born
950:doi
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