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208:. While experimenting with hair and different hair-care products, she developed and manufactured her own line of non-damaging hair straighteners, special oils, and hair-stimulant products for African-American women. She named her new product “Wonderful Hair Grower”. To promote her new product, Turnbo sold the Wonderful Hair Grower in bottles door-to-door. Her products and sales began to revolutionize hair-care methods for all African Americans.
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230:, until a disagreement led Walker to leave the company. Walker allegedly took the original Poro formula and created her own brand of it (this is disputed). This development was one of the reasons which led then Turnbo to copyright her products under the name "Poro" because of what she called fraudulent imitations and to discourage counterfeit versions.
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school and center. The building included a manufacturing plant, a retail store where Poro products were sold, business offices, a 500-seat auditorium, dining and meeting rooms, a roof garden, dormitory, gymnasium, bakery, and chapel. It served the
African-American community as a center for religious
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neighborhood. Upgraded and expanded, the facility was renamed in the entrepreneur's honor as the Annie Malone
Children and Family Service Center. As well as funding many programs, Turnbo Malone ensured that her employees, all African American, were paid well and given opportunities for advancement.
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While out of school, Turnbo grew so fascinated with hair and hair care that she often practiced hairdressing with her sister. With expertise in both chemistry and hair care, Turnbo began to develop her own hair-care products. At the time, many women used goose fat, heavy oils, soap, or bacon grease
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Her business thrived until 1927 when her husband filed for divorce. Having served as president of the company, he demanded half of the business' value, based on his claim that his contributions had been integral to its success. The divorce suit forced Poro
College into court-ordered receivership.
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The college's curriculum addressed the whole student; students were coached on personal style for work: on walking, talking, and a style of dress designed to maintain a solid persona. Poro
College employed nearly 200 people in St. Louis. Through its school and franchise businesses, the college
218:
Due to the high demand for her product in St. Louis, Turnbo opened her first shop in 1902 at 2223 Market Street. She also launched a wide advertising campaign in the black press, held news conferences, toured many southern states, and recruited many women whom she trained to sell her products.
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Turnbo Malone's year of birth has most often been reported as 1869. However, this is unlikely. Malone is not present with her family in the 1870 census and her older brother is shown to have been born about 1869. (Ancestry.com. 1870 United States
Federal Census . Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com
149:(August 9, 1877 – May 10, 1957) was an American businesswoman, inventor and philanthropist. In the first three decades of the 20th century, she founded and developed a large and prominent commercial and educational enterprise centered on cosmetics for African-American women.
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Operations, Inc., 2009. Images reproduced by FamilySearch. Census Place: Township 15 Range 5, Massac, Illinois; Roll: M593_255; Page: 272B; Family
History Library Film: 545754.) Turnbo first appears in the 1900 census in which her month and year of birth are given as August 1877.
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By the 1920s, Annie Turnbo Malone had become a multi-millionaire. In 1924 she paid income tax of nearly $ 40,000, reportedly the highest in
Missouri. While extremely wealthy, Malone lived modestly, giving thousands of dollars to the local black
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282:, a former employee filed suit, also claiming credit for Poro's success. To raise money for the settlement, Turnbo Malone sold her St. Louis property. Although much reduced in size, her business continued to thrive.
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326:, where she served as president on the board of directors from 1919 to 1943. With her help, in 1922 the Home bought a facility at 2612 Goode Avenue, which was renamed Annie Malone Drive in her honor.
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After the divorce, Turnbo moved most of her business to
Chicago's South Parkway (now Martin Luther King Jr. Drive), where she bought an entire city block. Other lawsuits followed. In 1937, during the
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or it may be a combination of the married names of Annie Pope and her sister Laura
Roberts. Due to the growth in her business, in 1910 Turnbo moved to a larger facility on 3100 Pine Street.
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357:. Childless, she had bequeathed her business and remaining fortune to her nieces and nephews. At the time of her death, her estate was valued at $ 100,000.
192:. There Turnbo attended high school, taking a particular interest in chemistry. However, due to frequent illness, she was forced to withdraw from classes.
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Orphaned at a young age, she attended a public school in
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275:, she negotiated a settlement of $ 200,000. This affirmed her as the sole owner of Poro College, and the divorce was granted.
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559:"Meet Annie Turnbo Malone, the hair care entrepreneur Trump shouted out in his Black History Month proclamation"
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On April 28, 1914, Annie Turnbo married Aaron Eugene Malone, a former teacher and religious book salesman.
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1149:"'No Lye: An American Beauty Story' is a must-see Black hair documentary screening online at the SF"
1101:"Extra! Extra! Read All About It! 'No Lye: An American Beauty Story' Gives Excellent History Lesson"
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742:"From Metropolis to millionaire: Annie Malone was one of the first black female millionaires"
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created jobs for almost 75,000 women in North and South America, Africa and the Philippines.
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By the beginning of the 1900s, Turnbo moved with her older siblings to Lovejoy, now known as
827:"Why this forgotten woman could be America's first black millionaire instead of C.J. Walker"
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Story of Pride, Power and Uplift: Annie T. Malone (The Great Heartlanders Series)
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St. Louis has an annual Annie Malone parade in support of children's charities.
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530:"Did Self-Made Base Madam C.J. Walker's Rival, Addie Monroe, on Annie Malone?"
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226:, later known as Madam C. J. Walker, operated first in St. Louis and later in
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884:"Portrayal Of 'Self Made' Antagonist, Annie Turnbo Malone, Draws Criticism"
173:, a neutral border state that maintained slavery. After traveling down the
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On May 10, 1957, Annie Turnbo suffered a stroke and died at Chicago's
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1178:"A Friend to All Mankind":Mrs. Annie Turnbo Malone and Poro College
461:. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2004. Census Place:
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Christensen, Lawrence O.; Foley, William E.; Kremer, Gary (1999).
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Osbourne, E., "Notable Careers of Prof. And Mrs. A. E. Malone,"
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In 1902 she married Nelson Pope; the couple divorced in 1907.
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to straighten their curls, which damaged both scalp and hair.
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Turner, Geneva C. (1952). "The Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, Inc".
1039:
Beacon, Virginia Gilbert and Barry Gilbert for The St Louis.
271:
With support from her employees and powerful figures such as
716:"From slavery to hair industry millions—Annie Turnbo Malone"
130:
Development of mail-order process for beauty care products.
435:. The State Historical Society of Missouri. Archived from
386:. In this version, the character is renamed Addie Munroe.
37:
Annie Malone in a Poro College souvenir booklet, 1920-1927
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Epic Lives: One Hundred Black Women Who Made a Difference
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American chief executives of fashion industry companies
622:, AAUW Columbia (MO) Branch. Accessed November 1, 2012.
169:, Isabella took the couple's children and escaped from
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Bailey, Diane Carol; Costa, Diane Da (July 11, 2013).
675:, New York, New York: Visible Inc Press, 1993, p. 363.
585:
The Encyclopedia of the History of American Management
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181:. Annie Turnbo was born on a farm near Metropolis in
697:
The American Mosaic: The African American Experience
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1231:Annie Malone Children & Family Service Center
996:"Annie Malone, the first Black woman millionaire"
971:"Black former principal became rich entrepreneur"
800:"Black History Highlight: The Annie Malone Story"
346:sorority and was awarded an honorary degree from
1025:. May 12, 1957. p. 28 – via Proquest.
929:Milady Standard Natural Hair Care & Braiding
699:, ABC-CLIO, 2010. Accessed November 29, 2012.
8:
1352:20th-century African-American businesspeople
329:The Orphans Home is located in the historic
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342:Turnbo was named an honorary member of the
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372:of Malone is portrayed by British actress
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1021:"Mrs. Annie Malone, Poro Founder, Dies".
825:Tabbey-Botchwey, Adom (August 13, 2019).
258:In 1918, she established Poro College, a
662:, BlackPast. Accessed November 17, 2012.
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860:Illinois Digital Newspaper Collections
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317:Howard University College of Medicine
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528:Foussianes, Chloe (March 22, 2020).
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211:In 1902, Turnbo moved to a thriving
1357:20th-century African-American women
1337:20th-century American businesswomen
969:Bangert, Heather (August 5, 2018).
557:Nittle, Nadra (February 15, 2019).
234:may have received this name from a
1362:African-American women in business
1123:"No Lye: An American Beauty Story"
14:
1287:American cosmetics businesspeople
773:Johnson, Erick (April 24, 2018).
459:1900 United States Federal Census
254:Diploma Day at Poro College, 1920
157:Annie Minerva Turnbo was born in
1307:People from Metropolis, Illinois
1241:University of Missouri–St. Louis
1147:Burns, Karpani (July 27, 2020).
640:. Historical Society of Illinois
502:. University of Missouri Press.
499:Dictionary of Missouri Biography
396:No Lye: An American Beauty Story
185:, the tenth of eleven children.
1322:20th-century American inventors
1282:American women chief executives
714:Boyd, Herb (February 8, 2018).
322:She became a benefactor of the
1302:People from Brooklyn, Illinois
1103:. EURweb.com. December 3, 2019
324:St. Louis Colored Orphans Home
286:Philanthropy and personal life
132:African American philanthropy.
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1342:Philanthropists from Illinois
1317:Businesspeople from St. Louis
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1347:Burials at Burr Oak Cemetery
1312:People from Peoria, Illinois
583:Witzel, Morgen, ed. (2005).
463:Metropolis, Massac, Illinois
1297:Businesspeople from Chicago
1176:Whitfield, John H. (2015).
1000:The Philadelphia Sunday Sun
222:One of her selling agents,
147:Annie Minerva Turnbo Malone
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1277:African-American inventors
1237:"Annie Malone photographs"
660:"Remembered and Reclaimed"
433:Shsmo Historic Missourians
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1327:American women inventors
1195:Wilkerson, J.L. (2003).
1041:"Annie Malone turns 125"
469:; Enumeration District:
1023:St. Louis Post-Dispatch
775:"Who was Annie Malone?"
183:Massac County, Illinois
122:Businesswoman, inventor
1225:Living St. Louis Story
1153:San Francisco Bay View
1067:Negro History Bulletin
959:, August 31, 1918, II.
913:Living St. Louis Story
587:. Thoemmes Continuum.
389:Turnbo is featured in
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263:and social functions.
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177:, she found refuge in
18:American businesswoman
693:"Annie Turnbo Malone"
620:"Annie Turnbo Malone"
429:"Annie Turnbo Malone"
393:'s 2019 documentary,
370:fictionalized version
293:
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224:Sarah Breedlove Davis
932:. Cengage Learning.
319:in Washington, D.C.
179:Metropolis, Illinois
163:1st Kentucky Cavalry
159:Metropolis, Illinois
61:Metropolis, Illinois
47:Annie Minerva Turnbo
1267:19th-century births
1248:Annie Turnbo Malone
1002:. February 17, 2017
740:Halstead, Marilyn.
691:Houston, Helen R.,
273:Mary McLeod Bethune
140:Community developer
25:Annie Turnbo Malone
1045:St. Louis American
957:The Washington Bee
854:Taylor, Julius F.
806:. February 5, 2013
534:Town & Country
355:Provident Hospital
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240:devotional society
206:Brooklyn, Illinois
136:Madam C. J. Walker
939:978-1-133-69368-0
804:Explore St. Louis
658:Quintana, Maria,
509:978-0-8262-6016-1
473:; FHL microfilm:
348:Howard University
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92:Burr Oak Cemetery
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374:Carmen Ejogo
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114:Annie Malone
74:(1957-05-10)
72:May 10, 1957
15:
1272:1957 deaths
1127:www.dia.org
975:Herald-Whig
380:miniseries
260:cosmetology
103:Nationality
1261:Categories
594:1843711311
403:References
391:Bayer Mack
175:Ohio River
153:Early life
53:1869-08-09
1227:, KETC-9.
1079:0028-2529
1050:March 26,
1006:March 26,
980:March 27,
916:, KETC-9.
893:March 26,
836:March 27,
810:March 27,
784:March 26,
751:March 27,
725:March 26,
644:March 25,
568:March 26,
539:March 26,
443:March 24,
383:Self Made
238:word for
213:St. Louis
167:Civil War
1158:July 29,
1132:July 29,
1087:44212563
865:June 18,
465:; Page:
364:In media
315:and the
171:Kentucky
106:American
888:BET.com
475:1240329
378:Netflix
294:Malone
165:in the
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200:Career
190:Peoria
82:, U.S.
63:, U.S.
1083:JSTOR
695:, in
331:Ville
236:Mende
1201:ISBN
1182:ISBN
1160:2022
1134:2022
1109:2019
1075:ISSN
1052:2020
1008:2020
982:2020
934:ISBN
895:2020
867:2015
838:2020
812:2020
786:2020
753:2020
727:2020
646:2020
589:ISBN
570:2020
541:2020
504:ISBN
471:0054
445:2020
313:YMCA
232:Poro
69:Died
43:Born
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563:Vox
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