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typical of vertebrate AMPs, with the hydrophobic amino acids concentrated on one side of the helix and the hydrophilic cationic amino acids on the other; this conformation is universal for cationic linear AMPs. The high positive charge and the typical amphipathic alpha-helical conformation of Hc-CATH may be responsible for its potent antimicrobial activity.
288:
broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the tip of the snout. One preocular and two postoculars. Two superposed anterior temporals. Seven or eight upper labials; third, fourth, and usually fifth entering the eye. Both pairs of chin-shields in contact, or posterior pair separated by one scale.
287:
Head moderate. Diameter of eye less than its distance from the mouth in the adult. Rostral slightly more broad than deep. Nasals shorter than the frontal, more than twice as long as the suture between the prefrontals. Prefrontals usually in contact with the second upper labial. Frontal more long than
498:
Vipericidin, a protein of 187 amino acids synthesized by H. cyanocinctus, is the precursor of a cathelicidin, a type of antimicrobial peptide (AMP). The peptide, Hc-CATH, consists of 30 amino acids derived from cleavage of vipericidin. Hc-CATH mainly assumes an amphipathic alpha-helical conformation
502:
Hc-CATH is apparently present in the venom gland, spleen, lung, and skin. Gene-encoded AMPs represent the main component of an innate immune system that protects snakes from microbial infections. Sea snakes inhabit an ecological niche that differs from that of terrestrial snakes, and encounter
301:
In a 2019 study it has been found it uses a complex system of blood vessels in its head called, the
Modified Cephalic Vascular Network (MCVN) which is an adaptation that helps provide the brain with extra oxygen from water when submerged.
294:
Greenish-olive above, with blackish or olive transverse bars or annuli, broadest on the back, sometimes connected by a black band along the belly; or yellowish, with a black vertebral band and a few black bars on the neck.
783:
Bussarawitt, S.; Rasmussen, A.R.; & Andersen, M. 1989. A preliminary study on sea snakes (Hydrophiidae) from Phuket Harbor, Phuket Island, Thailand. Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc., Bangkok 37 (2): 209–225.
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291:
Body long. Dorsal scales subimbricate, keeled or with two or three tubercles, in 39-45 rows (27-33 anteriorly). Ventrals 281–385, smooth or with two or more tubercles.
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717:"Identification and Characterization of the First Cathelicidin from Sea Snakes with Potent Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Activity and Special Mechanism"
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Wei, Lin; Gao, Jiuxiang; Zhang, Shumin; Wu, Sijin; Xie, Zeping; Ling, Guiying; Kuang, Yi-Qun; Yang, Yongliang; Yu, Haining; Wang, Yipeng (2015).
987:
569:"Novel vascular plexus in the head of a sea snake (Elapidae, Hydrophiinae) revealed by high-resolution computed tomography and histology"
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distinct pathogens. The innate immune system of sea snakes apparently enables them to resist both terrestrial and marine pathogens.
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Palci, Alessandro; Seymour, Roger S.; Van Nguyen, Cao; Hutchinson, Mark N.; Lee, Michael S. Y.; Sanders, Kate L. (2019).
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490:. The young are born alive in broods of 3–16. The newborns are about 38 centimetres (15 in) long.
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Murray, J.A. 1887. Three New
Species of Hydrophis. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 2: 32–35.
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Rooij, Nelly de. 1915. The reptiles of the Indo-Australian archipelago. Leiden.
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Histoire
Naturelle, Générale et Particulière des Reptiles, Volume VII
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inhabits shallow coastal waters. It is often accidentally caught by
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A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other
Reptiles of Borneo
693:. Ralph Curtis Publishing. Sanibel Island. Florida. p. 67.
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Length of head and body 1360 mm; tail 140 mm.
652:"Sea snake | Types, Habitat, & Facts | Britannica"
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628:"Tropical sea snake uses its head to 'breathe'"
519:The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
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765:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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538:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
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1098:Taxa named by François Marie Daudin
1078:IUCN Red List least concern species
677:"WCH Clinical Toxinology Resources"
422:. It is also reported from Brunei
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721:Journal of Biological Chemistry
362:) and the marine waters around
462:and also on various groups of
1:
813:Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
793:. Dufart. Paris. p. 383.
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1093:Reptiles described in 1803
573:Royal Society Open Science
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83:Scientific classification
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59:
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808:Leioselasma cyanocincta
734:10.1074/jbc.M115.642645
237:Leioselasma cyanocincta
889:hydrophis-cyanocinctus
876:Hydrophis_cyanocinctus
862:Hydrophis cyanocinctus
832:Hydrophis cyanocinctus
689:Das, Indraneil. 2006.
626:University, Flinders.
441:Hydrophis cyanocinctus
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390:), coastal regions of
256:, commonly called the
253:Hydrophis cyanocinctus
202:Hydrophis cyanocinctus
36:Hydrophis cyanocinctus
494:Antimicrobial Peptide
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262:blue-banded sea snake
460:marine invertebrates
412:United Arab Emirates
184:H. cyanocinctus
727:(27): 16653–16652.
594:10.1098/rsos.191099
585:2019RSOS....691099P
258:annulated sea snake
227:Distira cyanocincta
53:Conservation status
18:Annulated sea snake
1103:Reptiles of Borneo
656:www.britannica.com
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1001:Open Tree of Life
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16:(Redirected from
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478:Reproduction
458:It feeds on
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402:) coasts of
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312:Indian Ocean
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306:Distribution
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1027:SeaLifeBase
923:iNaturalist
856:Wikispecies
543:7 September
386:(including
378:(including
356:Visayan Sea
352:Philippines
283:Description
1072:Categories
705:Das, 2006.
662:2024-08-07
637:2024-08-07
507:References
420:New Guinea
416:South Asia
336:Bangladesh
314:(From the
146:Suborder:
1083:Hydrophis
532:Hydrophis
332:Sri Lanka
273:sea snake
231:F. Werner
178:Species:
171:Hydrophis
150:Serpentes
106:Kingdom:
100:Eukaryota
847:Q2355580
841:Wikidata
753:26013823
632:phys.org
613:31598325
466:such as
448:trawlers
436:Behavior
396:Liaoning
392:Shandong
348:Malaysia
344:Thailand
324:Pakistan
277:Elapidae
270:venomous
218:Synonyms
160:Elapidae
156:Family:
140:Squamata
130:Reptilia
120:Chordata
116:Phylum:
110:Animalia
96:Domain:
73:IUCN 3.1
1042:7166390
915:5960375
811:at the
744:4505416
604:6774945
581:Bibcode
484:species
340:Myanmar
266:species
264:, is a
260:or the
166:Genus:
136:Order:
126:Class:
71: (
1055:344055
1039:uBio:
1006:262284
993:344055
980:100058
954:176726
941:700534
884:ARKive
789:1803.
751:
741:
611:
601:
472:gobies
418:until
388:Taiwan
380:Hainan
243:, 1921
233:, 1895
211:, 1803
209:Daudin
1050:WoRMS
1032:83939
928:35223
902:3N88Z
482:This
445:prawn
400:China
368:Japan
364:Korea
360:Panay
328:India
988:OBIS
967:8686
962:NCBI
949:IUCN
936:ITIS
910:GBIF
767:link
749:PMID
609:PMID
545:2007
470:and
468:eels
464:fish
454:Diet
408:Oman
394:and
320:Iran
241:Wall
897:CoL
871:ADW
739:PMC
729:doi
725:290
599:PMC
589:doi
486:is
382:),
268:of
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759:{{
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
