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In 1870 in his book, "A Guerra e a
Democracia", Enes argued that the old model of the European state was obsolete and advocated federalism as the only future for the continent. He suggested that a pan-Latin federal state (made up of Belgium, France, Spain, Italy and Portugal) would confront similar
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In 1896 Enes was chosen to act as
Minister of Portugal in Brazil and he moved to Rio de Janeiro. The objective was to rebuild friendly relationships between the two countries, which had been badly shaken by the declaration of the Brazilian republic in 1889. Enes did not enjoy this role and he
272:. He was a sickly child and health problems were to continue throughout his life. He studied at a Lazarist college in Santo Antão before attending the Liceu Nacional in Lisbon, completing his studies with a thesis in the Faculty of Letters on the Religious Philosophy of Egypt.
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Enes became allied with the liberal, republican mood alive in
Portugal in the 1870s. He joined the Historical Party, which, in 1876 was to become the Progressive Party. This resulted in his collaboration in journals where he could express and defend his political ideas.
366:. It was a time of intense political tension as a wave of nationalism swept Portugal following the British ultimatum. António Enes was able to maintain the necessary internal and external balances. In particular, he organised a military expedition to
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priest in pursuit of riches. By preaching a corrupt and merciless version of the catholic doctrine
Bergeret persuades Luísa, a young heiress, to devote herself to life in a nunnery and her fortune to the church. The play contracts reactionary
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Following initially a career in commerce, Enes found that the tranquil life of an office-worker did not suit him and he moved into journalism at the end of the 1860s, beginning his career as a literary critic on the 'Jornal do
Comercio.'
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Enes's enthusiasm for the theatre was not limited just to writing: he was a spectator and regular visitor backstage. It was in this way that he met the actress Emília dos Anjos, whom he married and with whom he had one daughter, Luísa.
235:, Enes's life is notable for his achievements in several fields; by the time of his death he had worked across three continents as a journalist, dramatist, librarian, government minister, colonial administrator and diplomat.
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Monteiro, VC (2006), "A Querela
Anticlerical no Palco e na Imprensa: Os Lazaristas" (Dissertation submitted to the Postgraduate programme of the Institute of Language Studies, Unviversity of Campinas)
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On his return to
Portugal, Enes once again took up journalism, founding "O Dia" and writing about politics. A few months later, with serious respiratory problems, he moved for the last time to
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As a student Enes became allied with the "generation of the 70s" – the name given to a movement dedicated to political liberalism and realism in art – other prominent members included
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Enes wrote a controversial anti-clerical drama, "Os
Lazaristas", and defended in 1870 the concept of a 'United States of Europe', fearing that Portugal would be absorbed by Spain.
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Building on his contacts made in journalism, between 1875 and 1883, Enes became a dramatist. He wrote eight plays in the realist style: seven dramas and one comedy.
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The first of these, Os
Lazaristas (1875), became notorious in Portugal and Brazil for its strongly anti-clerical message. The play centres on Bergeret, a French
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in
Mozambique was in the colonial era renamed 'António Enes' after him: the name of the town reverted to Angoche in 1976 following Portuguese decolonisation.
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and in 1891 he was nominated High Commissioner in Mozambique, where he left his name connected with notable works including organising the expedition of
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In 1880 he was elected a Deputy, but parliament was dissolved. He was re-elected in 1884, serving successive terms from 1884–87, 1887–89 and 1890-91.
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of 1890, António Enes was nominated Minister of the Navy and Overseas (he served from 14 October 1890 to 25 May 1891) in the government of General
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António Enes was born, the son of a clerk, in modest surroundings on the third floor of a house in
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repeatedly asked to be relieved of the post, which occurred only in May 1900.
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in Africa in the face of twin threats from an expansionist and aggressive
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and the British. He also intervened energetically in the colonies of
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where he died on 6 August 1901 shortly before his 53rd birthday.
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As a writer, politician, and later as High Commissioner in
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