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suitability as a preacher and her calling from God: "If God and mental and moral culture have not already qualified her," he said to the crowd assembled for the occasion, "we cannot, by anything we may do by way of ordaining or setting her apart ... All we are here to do ... is ... to subscribe our testimony to the fact, that in our belief, our sister in Christ, Antoinette L. Brown, is one of the ministers of the New
Covenant, authorized, qualified, and called by God to preach the gospel of his Son Jesus Christ." A month after her ordination Brown traveled as a delegate to the World's Temperance Convention in New York City, where despite representing two temperance organizations, she was denied a chance to speak by the organizers. In the words of Carol Lasser and Marlene Deahl Merrill, Brown again "faced the difficulties of combining essentially conservative causes with women's right's work" at the Temperance Conference At a crossroads in her life, in 1854, Blackwell wrote, "I that the whole groundwork of my faith has dropped away from me." This tension manifested itself within her, and after a year she decided to leave South Butler; and unfortunately, even Luther Lee's unqualified support of Antoinette was not enough to provide her with a sustainable lifestyle there. The Boston Investigator reported her departure with the headline: "REV. ANTOINETTE BROWN, more recently Rev. Mrs. Blackwell, seems to have made a failure in her first pastorate." She did not fail the pastorate due to her gender, but rather a growing insecurity of belief in the orthodoxy of the Congregational ministry, compounded with a lack of sustainable resources for her work. In 1857, she returned to her work as an orator and reformer.
222:. It is there, from a brief excerpt, that her understanding of what may now be popularly called feminist theology, takes shape as she writes: "Paul meant only to warn against 'excesses, irregularities, and unwarrantable liberties' in public worship.'" She insisted that the Bible and its various pronouncements about women were for a specific span of time and certainly not applicable to the 19th century. Even though women were not asked to do public speaking during this time Antoinette was asked to speak in Ohio and New York to speak about anti-slavery and on women's rights. In April 1860, Brown returned to Oberlin College to deliver a lecture entitled "Men and Women." Testament to Brown's oratory skills appeared in a student letter which noted, "it was an excellent lecture."
312:, who she considered to be the most influential men of her day, Blackwell published several works in the fields of theology, science and philosophy. She believed both Darwin and Spencer employed a tainted version of the scientific method, one that embraced a solely masculine vantage point. Blackwell instead asserted that in order to understand women in society, women themselves ought to conduct the study of women, which Blackwell termed the "science of Feminine Humanity." Perhaps her most notable work was published in 1875,
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their status in society. Unlike many of her peers, she cared more about improving women's status in society than for suffrage. She believed that the inherent differences between men and women limited men's effectiveness in representing women in politics; thus suffrage would have little positive impact for women unless it was coupled with tangible leadership opportunities. Brown also diverged in opinion from other reformers with her opposition to divorce as a means of easing women's marital restrictions.
185:. After daring to inject a prayer into her family's religious observance, Brown was accepted into the church before the age of nine. Shortly after becoming a member of the congregation, she began to preach during Sunday meetings. In 1841 at the age of 16, after completing her requisite early schooling at Monroe County Academy, Brown taught school herself. She did not intend to spend her life teaching and so she set her sights on a degree in theology from Oberlin College and a career in the pulpit.
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318:, in which she presented a quasi-scientific theory arguing that the sexes are different but equal by way of natural evolution. She knew she would be considered presumptuous for criticizing evolutionary theory, but wrote that "However great the disadvantages under which we are placed, these will never be lessened by waiting." Darwin had written a letter to her in 1869, thanking her for a copy of her book,
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Antoinette may enroll in the courses, but she was not to receive formal recognition. Despite the stipulations made regarding her participation in the theology course, Antoinette was a prolific writer and charismatic public speaker. Her exegesis on the writings of the
Apostle Paul was published in the
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at its 10th
General Synod began awarding the Antoinette Brown Awards to ordained UCC women who "exemplify the contributions that women can make through ordained ministry, have provided outstanding ministry in a parish or other church-related institutions, including women in specialized ministry, and
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Following her separation from the ministry, she focused increasingly on women's rights issues. While many women's rights activists opposed religion on the basis that it served to oppress women, Blackwell was steadfast in her belief that women's active participation in religion could serve to further
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in Ohio. Supported by her parents, who believed not only in equal education for men and women, but also for blacks, she enrolled at
Oberlin College in 1846. At the college, she completed the literary course and received her literary degree in 1847, the prescribed course for women students. She spent
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in
Chicago. There, she said, "Women are needed in the pulpit as imperatively and for the same reason that they are needed in the world—because they are women. Women have become—or when the ingrained habit of unconscious imitation has been superseded, they will become—indispensable to the religious
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In 1873, Blackwell founded the
Association for the Advancement of Women in an attempt to address women's issues that similar organizations ignored. She was elected president of the New Jersey Woman Suffrage Association in 1891 and helped found the American Purity Association. She also lectured on
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that she had lectured eighteen times in almost as many days, and was ordained by a socially radical
Methodist minister named Luther Lee, a passionate and vocal advocate of women's right to theological education and leadership. At her ordination, Lee delivered a sermon testifying to Antoinette's
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In 1860, at the last
National Woman's Rights Convention held before the outbreak of the Civil War, Antoinette engaged in the heated debate about divorce with her colleagues and contemporaries, Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. She was opposed to an easy divorce arguing, "the married
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Blackwell continued her career until domestic responsibilities and her disagreement with many aspects of the women's rights movement caused her to discontinue lecturing. Writing became her new outlet for asserting social change for women; in her works she encouraged women to seek out masculine
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the college for admission to the college's theological course with its emphasis on
Congregationalist ministry. The administration, opposed to the idea of a woman engaging in any kind of formal theological learning and training, eventually capitulated but with a specific set of pre-conditions:
245:, giving a speech that was well received and served as the beginning of a speaking tour in which she would address issues such as abolition, temperance, and women's rights. Brown spoke at many of the subsequent annual National Women's Rights Conventions.
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partner can not annul his obligations to the other… All divorce is naturally and morally impossible." Antoinette, a staunch abolitionist and suffragist, contrary to the hopes of her friends and fellow suffragists, supported the passage of the
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Boston
Investigator, "Rev. Antoinette Brown, more recently Rev. Mrs. Blackwell, seems to have made a failure in her first pastorate," col. C, May 6, 1857, 19th Century US Newspapers via Gale Group,
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With regard to her own prospect of marriage, Brown believed that it was best to remain single because single women experienced greater levels of independence than married women. Upon meeting
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149:. She was a well-versed public speaker on the paramount issues of her time and distinguished herself from her contemporaries with her use of religious faith in her efforts to expand
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professions and men to share in household duties, yet she retained the belief that women's primary role was care of the home and family. Inspired by yet critical of the writings of
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to attend the first National Woman's Rights Convention. This convention influenced her so much that she decided to become an independent speaker. She traveled throughout
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In 1920, at age 95, she was the only surviving participant of the 1850 Women's Rights Convention that took place in Worcester, Massachusetts, to see the passage of the
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Carol Lasser and Marlene Merrill, Friends and Sisters: Letters between Lucy Stone and Antoinette Brown Blackwell, (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1987), 89
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Brown was eventually given a license to preach by the Congregational Church in 1851 and then offered a position as Minister of a Congregationalist church in
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Kimberly A. Hamlin, From Eve to Evolution: Darwin, Science, and Women's Rights in Gilded Age America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2014), 62-63.
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Without a preaching license following graduation, Brown decided to pause her ministerial ambitions to write for Frederick Douglass' abolitionist paper,
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have a sensitivity concerning the challenges and possibilities of women in ministry and advocacy on behalf of all women in the church."
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From Preachers to Suffragists: Woman's Rights and Religious Conviction in the Lives of Three Nineteenth-century American Clergywomen
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to speak on Woman's Rights, Anti-Slavery and Temperance. She sometimes even spoke in church sermons when she had the chance.
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Susan Hill Lindley. You Have Stept Out of Your Place (Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press, 1996), 122.
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John Howard Brown, ed., Lamb's Biographical Dictionary of the United States (Boston: James H. Lamb Co., 1900), 312.
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in 1852. She temporarily suspended her vast speaking engagements, writing to her friend (and later sister-in-law)
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145:(May 20, 1825 – November 5, 1921), was the first woman to be ordained as a mainstream Protestant minister in the
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to do charity work in the slums and to lecture and raise money for the people who lived there. On her way to
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Oberlin College awarded Brown an honorary Master's and Doctoral degrees in 1878 and 1908, respectively.
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1004:, edited by Angela M. Howard and Frances M. Kavenik, 72. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2000.
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For four years, Antoinette taught school and saved enough money to cover the cost of her tuition at
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In 1903, she helped found the Unitarian Society of Elizabeth, New Jersey, serving as its minister.
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and was recognized as a minister. She spoke in Unitarian churches and resumed her lecture touring.
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Antoinette Louisa Brown's childhood home, located at 1099 Pinnacle Road in Henrietta, NY.
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Friends and Sisters: Letters between Lucy Stone and Antoinette Brown Blackwell, 1846-93
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In 1878, she returned to organized religion, becoming a Unitarian. She applied to the
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Elizabeth Cazden, Antoinette Brown Blackwell (New York: The Feminist Press, 1983) 89.
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Encyclopaedia of American History: The Development of the Industrial United States
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Antoinette Brown Blackwell died November 5, 1921, at the age of 96 in
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separated from other preeminent women's rights activists to form the
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Kerr, Andrea Moore. "Blackwell, Antoinette (Brown) (1825–1921)." In
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1055:, edited by Gary B. Nash, 316–318. New York: Facts on File, 2003.
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Chryssides, George D.; Wilkins, Margaret Z. (11 September 2014).
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1062:, edited by Christine Faure, 292–294. New York: Routledge, 2003.
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983:, 126–131. Waterford, Connecticut: Yorkin Publications, 1999.
1038:. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press, 1996.
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We Are Your Sisters: Black Women in the Nineteenth Century
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In 1993, Antoinette Brown Blackwell was inducted into the
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Biographical information of Antoinette Brown Blackwell
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edited by Helen Rapaport, ABC-CLIO, 1st edition, 2001.
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Antoinette Brown Blackwell pictured in her later years
114:
First woman American ordained minister, Women's rights
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Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopaedia
872:
Dictionary of Unitarian & Universalist Biography
407:, which gave women the right to vote. She voted for
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Unitarianism in America: Antoinette Brown Blackwell
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National Women's Hall of Fame, Antoinette Blackwell
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1007:Lasser, Carol; Merrill, Marlene Deahl, editors.
967:, 129. New York: James T. White & Co., 1941.
516:Antoinette Louisa Brown Blackwell Childhood Home
505:. New York: J.T. White & Co., 1902. (Poetry)
499:. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1871. (Novel)
487:. Boston, Massachusetts: The Gorham press, 1914.
1060:Political and Historical Encyclopaedia of Women
493:. New York: The Neale Publishing Company, 1915.
965:The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography
201:her vacations in teaching and in the study of
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8:
713:. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 134.
986:Burckel, Nicholas C. "Oberlin College." In
707:Zink-Sawyer, Beverly Ann (1 January 2003).
630:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
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624:"Blackwell, Antoinette Louisa Brown"
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3271:20th-century American non-fiction writers
997:. Old Westbury, NY: Feminist Press, 1983.
405:Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution
336:Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution
169:Brown was born the youngest of seven in
1075:Encyclopedia of Women Social Reformers,
995:Antoinette Brown Blackwell: A Biography
578:
326:, in 1871, and a collection of poetry,
1101:Antoinette Brown Blackwell (1825-1921)
1013:. University of Illinois Press, 1987.
898:"National Register Information System"
866:Macdonald, JoAnn (December 17, 2003).
861:
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737:Christians in the Twenty-First Century
481:. New York: G.P. Putnam and Son, 1893.
475:. New York: G.P. Putnam and Son, 1876.
469:. New York: G.P. Putnam and Son, 1875.
461:. New York: G.P. Putnam and Son, 1869.
657:. New York: W.W. Norton. p. 197.
552:Women's suffrage in the United States
354:behalf of the poor of New York City.
209:. In 1847, after graduating with her
7:
3291:American Congregationalist ministers
1115:Blackwell, Antoinette Louisa Brown.
1002:Handbook of American Women's History
988:Handbook of American Women's History
903:National Register of Historic Places
837:Darwin, Charles (November 8, 1869).
596:. American National Biography Online
594:"Blackwell, Antoinette Louisa Brown"
532:List of suffragists and suffragettes
432:National Register of Historic Places
3266:20th-century American women writers
3256:19th-century American women writers
1133:Blackwell Family Papers, 1784-1944.
779:. G. P. Putnam's Sons. p. 234.
411:in the 1920 presidential election.
348:National Woman Suffrage Association
344:American Woman Suffrage Association
3336:American women non-fiction writers
3276:Writers from Elizabeth, New Jersey
3251:20th-century American philosophers
3246:19th-century American philosophers
1058:"The Women's Rights Movement." In
1025:Blackwell, Antoinette Louisa Brown
961:Blackwell, Antoinette Louisa Brown
826:. G. P. Putnam's Sons. p. 22.
491:The Social Side of Mind and Action
243:National Women's Rights Convention
25:
3306:American women's rights activists
1328:Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias
473:The Physical Basis of Immortality
241:. She spoke in 1850 at the first
18:Antoinette Louisa Brown Blackwell
3311:Proponents of Christian feminism
1073:Blackwell, Antoinette Brown. In
1036:You Have Stept Out of Your Place
537:List of women's rights activists
346:as a counterweight to Anthony's
3341:Congregationalist abolitionists
3326:People from Henrietta, New York
2398:Harriet Williams Russell Strong
841:. Darwin Correspondence Project
653:Sterling, Dorothy, ed. (1984).
479:The Philosophy of Individuality
181:led Brown's family to join the
2077:Ernestine Louise Potowski Rose
696:http://infotrac.galegroup.com/
557:Women's suffrage organizations
389:evolution of the human race."
375:American Unitarian Association
1:
3321:American temperance activists
3261:19th-century American writers
1178:National Women's Hall of Fame
1094:National Women's Hall of Fame
562:Votes For Women History Trail
447:National Women's Hall of Fame
2424:Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis
868:"Antoinette Brown Blackwell"
547:Timeline of women's suffrage
527:List of civil rights leaders
380:In 1893, Brown attended the
3301:American women philosophers
2607:Martha Coffin Pelham Wright
2011:Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin
1029:American National Biography
971:Brown Blackwell, Antoinette
823:The Sexes Throughout Nature
776:The Sexes Throughout Nature
466:The Sexes Throughout Nature
366:Antoinette Blackwell (1894)
315:The Sexes Throughout Nature
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2163:Katharine Dexter McCormick
1461:Mary "Mother" Harris Jones
740:. Routledge. p. 453.
485:The Making of the Universe
459:Studies in General Science
322:. She also wrote a novel,
320:Studies in General Science
143:Antoinette Brown Blackwell
34:Antoinette Brown Blackwell
3296:American Unitarian clergy
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2021:Hannah Greenebaum Solomon
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922:"Antoinette Brown Awards"
192:Brown before she married.
39:
2252:Marjory Stoneman Douglas
2062:Wilhelmina Cole Holladay
1835:Charlotte Perkins Gilman
633:. New York: D. Appleton.
279:Worcester, Massachusetts
231:Abolition and Ordination
220:Oberlin Quarterly Review
175:Charles Grandison Finney
157:Early life and education
123:Samuel Charles Blackwell
2742:Dorothy Harrison Eustis
2632:Catherine Filene Shouse
2485:Patricia Roberts Harris
2123:Mary Steichen Calderone
1991:Lillian Moller Gilbreth
1860:Frances Wisebart Jacobs
1664:Martha Wright Griffiths
439:United Church of Christ
382:Parliament of Religions
139:Antoinette Louisa Brown
56:Antoinette Louisa Brown
3331:New Jersey Republicans
3316:American abolitionists
3281:Oberlin College alumni
2688:Rebecca Talbot Perkins
2183:Eunice Kennedy Shriver
2047:Frances Xavier Cabrini
1961:Elizabeth Hanford Dole
1739:Ellen Swallow Richards
1709:Constance Baker Motley
1359:Elizabeth Bayley Seton
1292:Elizabeth Cady Stanton
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250:South Butler, New York
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2889:Carlotta Walls LaNier
2622:Elisabeth KĂĽbler-Ross
2480:Martha Matilda Harper
2444:Mary Engle Pennington
2282:Frances Oldham Kelsey
2067:Anne Morrow Lindbergh
1820:Jane Cunningham Croly
1749:Katherine Siva Saubel
1644:Marian Wright Edelman
1567:Margaret Bourke-White
1492:Harriet Beecher Stowe
1142:, Harvard University.
1034:Lindley, Susan Hill.
908:National Park Service
818:Blackwell, Antoinette
771:Blackwell, Antoinette
421:Elizabeth, New Jersey
395:
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183:Congregational Church
164:
88:Elizabeth, New Jersey
2899:Mary Harriman Rumsey
2737:St. Katharine Drexel
2581:Mary Burnett Talbert
2576:Blanche Stuart Scott
2561:Mother Marianne Cope
2541:Ruth Fulton Benedict
2500:Mildred Robbins Leet
2198:Angelina Grimké Weld
2072:Maria Goeppert Mayer
2042:Charlotte Anne Bunch
1619:Antoinette Blackwell
1598:Gertrude Belle Elion
1528:Ida B. Wells-Barnett
1297:Helen Brooke Taussig
1287:Margaret Chase Smith
1106:Harvard University.
497:The Island Neighbors
386:Columbian Exposition
324:The Island Neighbors
269:Antoinette left for
106:Antoinette Blackwell
27:American philosopher
3116:Rebecca S. Halstead
3090:Mary Church Terrell
2777:Barbara A. Mikulski
2505:Patsy Takemoto Mink
2490:Stephanie L. Kwolek
2429:Ruth Bader Ginsburg
2403:Emily Howell Warner
2348:Dorothy H. Andersen
2322:Annie Dodge Wauneka
2317:Mary Edwards Walker
2242:Faye Glenn Abdellah
2173:Edith Nourse Rogers
2153:Shirley Ann Jackson
2128:Mary Ann Shadd Cary
2006:Sandra Day O'Connor
1986:Matilda Joslyn Gage
1582:Florence B. Seibert
1419:Carrie Chapman Catt
1349:Juliette Gordon Low
1232:Elizabeth Blackwell
1227:Mary McLeod Bethune
1140:Radcliffe Institute
1136:Schlesinger Library
993:Cazden, Elizabeth.
542:Ordination of women
171:Henrietta, New York
70:Henrietta, New York
3075:Barbara Rose Johns
3026:Flossie Wong-Staal
3001:Nicole Malachowski
2930:Lorraine Hansberry
2874:Marcia Greenberger
2828:Mary Joseph Rogers
2767:Coretta Scott King
2752:Abby Kelley Foster
2668:Susan Kelly-Dreiss
2556:Rita Rossi Colwell
2332:Frances E. Willard
2168:Rozanne L. Ridgway
2118:Lydia Moss Bradley
2103:Madeleine Albright
1996:Nannerl O. Keohane
1966:Anne Dallas Dudley
1895:Betty Bone Schiess
1865:Susette La Flesche
1850:Zora Neale Hurston
1845:Helen LaKelly Hunt
1769:Madam C. J. Walker
1684:Mary Putnam Jacobi
1634:Jacqueline Cochran
1614:Ethel Percy Andrus
1482:Barbara McClintock
1121:. Internet Archive
760:Lasser, 1987, 147.
430:was listed on the
398:
368:
194:
167:
46:Blackwell, c. 1900
3223:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3177:Kimberlé Crenshaw
3172:Elouise P. Cobell
3136:Katherine Johnson
3106:Octavia E. Butler
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2945:Clare Boothe Luce
2757:Helen Murray Free
2710:
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2705:
2571:Patricia A. Locke
2536:Florence E. Allen
2520:Sheila E. Widnall
2465:Linda G. Alvarado
2449:Mercy Otis Warren
2408:Victoria Woodhull
2393:Barbara Holdridge
2388:Beatrice A. Hicks
2363:Lydia Maria Child
2277:Leontine T. Kelly
2215:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2037:Louisa May Alcott
1951:Mary Breckinridge
1830:Geraldine Ferraro
1815:Annie Jump Cannon
1540:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1277:Eleanor Roosevelt
1176:Inductees to the
1098:Oberlin College.
1044:978-0-664-25799-6
910:. March 13, 2009.
747:978-1-317-54557-6
720:978-0-664-22615-2
409:Warren G. Harding
277:, she stopped in
211:bachelor's degree
136:
135:
16:(Redirected from
3348:
3286:Blackwell family
3055:
3044:
3011:Louise Slaughter
2935:Victoria Jackson
2894:Philippa Marrack
2879:Barbara Iglewski
2787:Kathrine Switzer
2782:Donna E. Shalala
2727:
2716:
2673:Allie B. Latimer
2653:Louise Bourgeois
2627:Judith L. Pipher
2434:Katharine Graham
2378:Marian de Forest
2297:Anna Howard Shaw
2247:Emma Smith DeVoe
2232:
2221:
2133:Joan Ganz Cooney
2057:Oveta Culp Hobby
2052:Mary A. Hallaren
1915:Sarah Winnemucca
1784:Gloria Yerkovich
1779:Rosalyn S. Yalow
1734:Jeannette Rankin
1714:Georgia O'Keeffe
1669:Fannie Lou Hamer
1629:Shirley Chisholm
1577:Billie Jean King
1557:
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1508:Gwendolyn Brooks
1388:
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1217:Susan B. Anthony
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924:. Archived from
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874:. Archived from
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415:Death and legacy
298:Samuel Blackwell
103:Other names
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80:November 5, 1921
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3080:Henrietta Lacks
3070:Barbara Hillary
3065:Aretha Franklin
3049:
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3016:Sonia Sotomayor
2969:
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2859:Tenley Albright
2847:
2833:Bernice Sandler
2791:
2772:Lilly Ledbetter
2747:Loretta C. Ford
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2637:Henrietta Szold
2597:Eleanor K. Baum
2585:
2551:Hillary Clinton
2524:
2475:Gertrude Ederle
2470:Donna de Varona
2453:
2412:
2358:Rosalynn Carter
2336:
2312:Wilma L. Vaught
2267:Crystal Eastman
2262:Sylvia A. Earle
2226:
2207:
2203:Chien-Shiung Wu
2178:Felice Schwartz
2148:Julia Ward Howe
2091:
2082:Maria Tallchief
2025:
1981:Margaret Fuller
1976:Ella Fitzgerald
1971:Mary Baker Eddy
1924:
1880:Antonia Novello
1855:Anne Hutchinson
1788:
1729:Esther Peterson
1704:Wilma Mankiller
1624:Emily Blackwell
1602:
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1532:
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1428:
1424:Frances Perkins
1407:
1403:Sojourner Truth
1398:Margaret Sanger
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1252:Emily Dickinson
1212:Marian Anderson
1191:
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1085:
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1067:Further reading
1023:Lasser, Carol.
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621:, eds. (1900).
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310:Herbert Spencer
285:in places like
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198:Oberlin College
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2368:Bessie Coleman
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2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1956:Eileen Collins
1953:
1948:
1946:Amelia Bloomer
1943:
1938:
1936:Virginia Apgar
1932:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1905:Nettie Stevens
1902:
1900:Muriel Siebert
1897:
1892:
1887:
1885:Linda Richards
1882:
1877:
1875:Maria Mitchell
1872:
1870:Louise McManus
1867:
1862:
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1842:
1837:
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1825:Catherine East
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1786:
1781:
1776:
1774:Faye Wattleton
1771:
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1761:
1759:Helen Stephens
1756:
1754:Gloria Steinem
1751:
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1736:
1731:
1726:
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1716:
1711:
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1679:Dolores Huerta
1676:
1674:Dorothy Height
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1572:Barbara Jordan
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1471:
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1440:Belva Lockwood
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1304:
1302:Harriet Tubman
1299:
1294:
1289:
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1282:Florence Sabin
1279:
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1264:
1262:Alice Hamilton
1259:
1257:Amelia Earhart
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1083:External links
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1080:
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1064:
1063:
1056:
1049:Women's Rights
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1032:
1021:
1005:
998:
991:
984:
968:
963:. Vol. 29, in
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476:
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454:
453:Selected works
451:
428:childhood home
416:
413:
359:
356:
306:Charles Darwin
262:
261:Women's rights
259:
238:The North Star
232:
229:
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224:
158:
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151:women's rights
134:
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111:Known for
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84:(aged 96)
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55:
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24:
14:
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3162:Patricia Bath
3160:
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3142:
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3134:
3132:
3131:Emily Howland
3129:
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3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
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3103:
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3085:Toni Morrison
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2981:Gloria Allred
2979:
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2963:
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2956:
2953:
2951:
2950:Aimee Mullins
2948:
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2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2920:Matilda Cuomo
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2905:
2904:Eleanor Smeal
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2869:Martha Graham
2867:
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2864:Nancy Brinker
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2838:Anna Schwartz
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2699:
2698:Kate Stoneman
2696:
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2693:Susan Solomon
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2617:Winona LaDuke
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2546:Betty Bumpers
2544:
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2527:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2515:Anne Sullivan
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1051:. Vol. 6, in
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1027:. Vol. 2, in
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973:. Vol. 3, in
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928:on 2013-08-22
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839:"Letter 6976"
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667:Lindley, 123.
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615:Wilson, J. G.
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38:
31:
19:
3192:Loretta Ross
3167:Ruby Bridges
3111:Judy Chicago
3006:Rose O'Neill
2986:Angela Davis
2965:Alice Waters
2960:Janet Rowley
2955:Carol Mutter
2843:Emma Willard
2823:Nancy Pelosi
2818:Kate Millett
2683:Ruth Patrick
2678:Emma Lazarus
2663:Karen DeCrow
2658:Mildred Cohn
2353:Lucille Ball
2327:Eudora Welty
2302:Sophia Smith
2287:Kate Mullany
2143:Sarah Grimké
2108:Maya Angelou
1941:Ann Bancroft
1920:Fanny Wright
1840:Grace Hopper
1764:Lillian Wald
1719:Annie Oakley
1699:Mary Mahoney
1618:
1523:Mary Risteau
1513:Willa Cather
1466:Bessie Smith
1344:Dorothea Dix
1272:Helen Keller
1247:Mary Cassatt
1222:Clara Barton
1123:. Retrieved
1117:
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981:Anne Commire
979:, edited by
974:
970:
964:
960:
955:Bibliography
941:
930:. Retrieved
926:the original
916:
901:
892:
882:February 15,
880:. Retrieved
876:the original
871:
843:. Retrieved
832:
822:
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598:. Retrieved
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287:Pennsylvania
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177:from nearby
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82:(1921-11-05)
66:May 20, 1825
3241:1921 deaths
3236:1825 births
3197:Sandy Stone
3141:Indra Nooyi
2813:Julie Krone
2612:Swanee Hunt
2602:Julia Child
2566:Maya Y. Lin
2439:Bertha Holt
2373:Dorothy Day
2307:Ida Tarbell
2272:Jeanne Holm
2001:Maggie Kuhn
1800:Bella Abzug
1689:Mae Jemison
1659:Ella Grasso
1649:Alice Evans
1639:Ruth Colvin
1267:Helen Hayes
1207:Jane Addams
384:during the
330:, in 1902.
283:New England
95:Nationality
3230:Categories
2996:Jane Fonda
2991:Sarah Deer
2803:Betty Ford
2292:Janet Reno
2138:Gerty Cori
2113:Nellie Bly
1805:Ella Baker
1724:Rosa Parks
1518:Sally Ride
1487:Lucy Stone
1354:Alice Paul
1125:2009-11-22
932:2011-02-03
845:2009-11-26
600:2013-11-13
568:References
358:Later life
340:Lucy Stone
254:Lucy Stone
62:1825-05-20
3126:Joy Harjo
3048:2020–2029
2720:2010–2019
2510:Sacagawea
2257:Mary Dyer
2225:2000–2009
1694:Mary Lyon
1550:1990–1999
1381:1980–1989
1190:1970–1979
619:Fiske, J.
573:Citations
503:Sea Drift
434:in 1989.
328:Sea Drift
179:Rochester
3121:Mia Hamm
820:(1875).
773:(1875).
510:See also
141:, later
129:Children
98:American
215:lobbied
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1017:
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226:Career
213:, she
203:Hebrew
119:Spouse
1118:Works
207:Greek
3155:2024
3099:2022
3058:2020
2974:2019
2913:2017
2852:2015
2796:2013
2730:2011
2646:2009
2590:2007
2529:2005
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2096:1998
2030:1996
1929:1995
1793:1994
1607:1993
1591:1991
1560:1990
1501:1988
1475:1986
1454:1984
1433:1983
1412:1982
1391:1981
1337:1979
1311:1976
1200:1973
1040:ISBN
1015:ISBN
884:2019
742:ISBN
715:ISBN
426:Her
308:and
291:Ohio
289:and
205:and
77:Died
52:Born
3232::
1138:,
906:.
900:.
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854:^
627:.
617:;
581:^
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153:.
1169:e
1162:t
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603:.
132:7
64:)
60:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
