186:
784:
643:
2599:
7892:
3096:
2125:
380:
335:
7902:
7912:
57:
4287:, p.66 (1963). Admission to Harvard, for example, required that the applicant: "Can readily make and speak or write true Latin prose and has skill in making verse, and is competently grounded in the Greek language so as to be able to construe and grammatically to resolve ordinary Greek, as in the Greek Testament, Isocrates, and the minor poets." Meyer Reinhold,
3296:
until the beginning of the 20th century. This was true as well in the United States, where many of the nation's
Founders received a classically based education. Latin was emphasized in American colleges, but Greek also was required in the Colonial and Early National eras, and the study of ancient
3483:
Ancient Greek is also used by organizations and individuals, mainly Greek, who wish to denote their respect, admiration or preference for the use of this language. This use is sometimes considered graphical, nationalistic or humorous. In any case, the fact that modern Greeks can still wholly or
630:
The Greeks of this period believed there were three major divisions of all Greek people – Dorians, Aeolians, and
Ionians (including Athenians), each with their own defining and distinctive dialects. Allowing for their oversight of Arcadian, an obscure mountain dialect, and Cypriot, far from the
1523:
The examples below represent Attic Greek in the 5th century BC. Ancient pronunciation cannot be reconstructed with certainty, but Greek from the period is well documented, and there is little disagreement among linguists as to the general nature of the sounds that the letters represent.
607:
The origins, early form and development of the
Hellenic language family are not well understood because of a lack of contemporaneous evidence. Several theories exist about what Hellenic dialect groups may have existed between the divergence of early Greek-like speech from the common
2289:
in aspect. Most tenses display all four moods and three voices, although there is no future subjunctive or imperative. Also, there is no imperfect subjunctive, optative or imperative. The infinitives and participles correspond to the finite combinations of tense, aspect, and voice.
3479:
translated into ancient Greek in his 1935 edition of the
Septuagint; Robert Hanhart also included the introductory remarks to the 2006 revised Rahlfs–Hanhart edition in the language as well. Akropolis World News reports weekly a summary of the most important news in ancient Greek.
8572:
2453:
Augment: Verbs beginning with a vowel, as well as those beginning with a cluster other than those indicated previously (and occasionally for a few other verbs) reduplicate in the same fashion as the augment. This remains in all forms of the perfect, not just the
3263:
Hóti mèn hūmeîs, {} ô ándres Athēnaîoi, {} pepónthate {} hupò tôn emôn katēgórōn, {} ouk oîda: {} egṑ {d' oûn} kaì autòs {} hup' autōn olígou emautoû {} epelathómēn, {} hoútō pithanôs élegon. {} Kaítoi alēthés ge {} hōs épos eipeîn {} oudèn eirḗkāsin.
3258:Ὅτι μὲν ὑμεῖς, {} ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, {} πεπόνθατε {} ὑπὸ τῶν ἐμῶν κατηγόρων, {} οὐκ οἶδα· {} ἐγὼ {δ' οὖν} καὶ αὐτὸς {} ὑπ' αὐτῶν ὀλίγου ἐμαυτοῦ {} ἐπελαθόμην, {} οὕτω πιθανῶς ἔλεγον. {} Καίτοι ἀληθές γε {} ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν {} οὐδὲν εἰρήκασιν. {}
954:
West vs. non-West Greek is the strongest-marked and earliest division, with non-West in subsets of Ionic-Attic (or Attic-Ionic) and Aeolic vs. Arcadocypriot, or Aeolic and Arcado-Cypriot vs. Ionic-Attic. Often non-West is called 'East Greek'.
1039:
Most of the dialect sub-groups listed above had further subdivisions, generally equivalent to a city-state and its surrounding territory, or to an island. Doric notably had several intermediate divisions as well, into Island Doric (including
2433:
Almost all forms of the perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect reduplicate the initial syllable of the verb stem. (A few irregular forms of perfect do not reduplicate, whereas a handful of irregular aorists reduplicate.) The three types of
3267:
How you, men of Athens, are feeling under the power of my accusers, I do not know: actually, even I myself almost forgot who I was because of them, they spoke so persuasively. And yet, loosely speaking, nothing they have said is
982:, spoken in a small area on the southwestern coast of Anatolia and little preserved in inscriptions, may be either a fifth major dialect group, or it is Mycenaean Greek overlaid by Doric, with a non-Greek native influence.
1059:
All the groups were represented by colonies beyond Greece proper as well, and these colonies generally developed local characteristics, often under the influence of settlers or neighbors speaking different Greek dialects.
4282:
Thirty-six of the eighty-nine men who signed the
Declaration of Independence and attended the Constitutional Convention went to a colonial college, all of which offered only the classical curricula. Richard M. Gummere,
2376:, which affected the augment when it was word-initial. In verbs with a preposition as a prefix, the augment is placed not at the start of the word, but between the preposition and the original verb. For example,
623:—and that their first appearances as precise alphabetic writing began in the 8th century BC. The invasion would not be "Dorian" unless the invaders had some cultural relationship to the historical
4437:
3082:
1175:"of milk" (genitive). Ancient Greek of the classical period also differed in both the inventory and distribution of original PIE phonemes due to numerous sound changes, notably the following:
4513:
627:. The invasion is known to have displaced population to the later Attic-Ionic regions, who regarded themselves as descendants of the population displaced by or contending with the Dorians.
4394:
3414:
8767:
2442:
Syllabic reduplication: Most verbs beginning with a single consonant, or a cluster of a stop with a sonorant, add a syllable consisting of the initial consonant followed by
3965:
Dosuna, J. Méndez (2012). "Ancient
Macedonian as a Greek dialect: A critical survey on recent work (Greek, English, French, German text)". In Giannakis, Georgios K. (ed.).
3390:, to boost children's language skills, and was one of seven foreign languages which primary schools could teach 2014 as part of a major drive to boost education standards.
3915:
3417:, with Greek language and cultural organisations as co-organisers. It appears to have ceased in 2010, having failed to gain the recognition and acceptance of teachers.
2306:. This was probably originally a separate word, meaning something like "then", added because tenses in PIE had primarily aspectual meaning. The augment is added to the
8772:
8615:
3126:
599:, and in later poems by other authors. Homeric Greek had significant differences in grammar and pronunciation from Classical Attic and other Classical-era dialects.
5039:
4583:
4748:
3940:
Crespo, Emilio (2018). "The
Softening of Obstruent Consonants in the Macedonian Dialect". In Giannakis, Georgios K.; Crespo, Emilio; Filos, Panagiotis (eds.).
8511:
4300:
Harvard's curriculum was patterned after those of Oxford and
Cambridge, and the curricula of other Colonial colleges followed Harvard's. Lawrence A. Cremin,
3363:, usually as a third language after Latin and English, from the age of 14 to 18. In 2006/07, 15,000 pupils studied ancient Greek in Germany according to the
2582:
Reduplication is also visible in the present tense stems of certain verbs. These stems add a syllable consisting of the root's initial consonant followed by
616:, but its relationship to the historical dialects and the historical circumstances of the times imply that the overall groups already existed in some form.
4904:
3431:
8343:
6639:
4434:
3241:
4609:
2313:
The two kinds of augment in Greek are syllabic and quantitative. The syllabic augment is added to stems beginning with consonants, and simply prefixes
4190:
964:
had come under a strong
Northwest Greek influence, and can in some respects be considered a transitional dialect, as exemplified in the poems of the
631:
center of Greek scholarship, this division of people and language is quite similar to the results of modern archaeological-linguistic investigation.
8582:
7948:
3565:
3484:
partly understand texts written in non-archaic forms of ancient Greek shows the affinity of the modern Greek language to its ancestral predecessor.
4506:
8547:
4881:
2310:
of the aorist, imperfect, and pluperfect, but not to any of the other forms of the aorist (no other forms of the imperfect and pluperfect exist).
1075:, but with influence from other dialects. This dialect slowly replaced most of the older dialects, although the Doric dialect has survived in the
4458:
4385:
4267:
4089:
4043:
4018:
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3949:
3909:
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612:
and the
Classical period. They have the same general outline but differ in some of the detail. The only attested dialect from this period is
8608:
6027:
4822:
3119:
3841:
3301:. In particular, female intellectuals of the era designated the mastering of ancient Greek as essential in becoming a "woman of letters."
4965:– Information on the history of the Greek language, application of modern Linguistics to the study of Greek, and tools for learning Greek
4359:
3697:
5032:
3304:
Ancient Greek is still taught as a compulsory or optional subject especially at traditional or elite schools throughout Europe, such as
2477:), reduplicate by adding a syllable consisting of the initial vowel and following consonant, and lengthening the following vowel. Hence
1810:
185:
6649:
6339:
6032:
5966:
4943:
4223:
3755:
3730:
6037:
6012:
4756:
4563:
3875:
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3164:
style, but left-to-right became standard during the classic period. Modern editions of ancient Greek texts are usually written with
2392:
in the aorist. However compound verbs consisting of a prefix that is not a preposition retain the augment at the start of the word:
144:
1391:
PIE and Mycenaean labiovelars changed to plain stops (labials, dentals, and velars) in the later Greek dialects: for instance, PIE
492:. It has contributed many words to English vocabulary and has been a standard subject of study in educational institutions of the
7846:
6595:
6022:
6017:
4869:
4418:
1496:. In Modern Greek, all vowels and consonants are short. Many vowels and diphthongs once pronounced distinctly are pronounced as
8601:
8501:
6489:
6349:
6344:
5621:
3237:
3112:
2015:
352:
3897:
7873:
6514:
5025:
4480:
2056:
82:
78:
7425:
125:
8506:
8411:
7868:
6918:
6434:
6354:
6052:
5762:
4864:
3488:
3461:) is the first magazine of crosswords and puzzles in ancient Greek. Its first issue appeared in April 2015 as an annex to
2837:
97:
619:
Scholars assume that major Ancient Greek period dialect groups developed not later than 1120 BC, at the time of the
504:
and Classical periods of the language, which are the best-attested periods and considered most typical of Ancient Greek.
8777:
7941:
7841:
6370:
5824:
2147:
2098:
2093:
2033:
1778:
1152:
1079:, which is spoken in the region of modern Sparta. Doric has also passed down its aorist terminations into most verbs of
609:
31:
4952:
4575:
783:
8170:
6896:
6504:
6380:
6042:
5996:
5951:
5727:
5416:
2513:, despite its name, but it was generalized in Attic. This originally involved reduplicating a cluster consisting of a
2071:
1974:
1788:
994:
7435:
104:
1116:. Among Indo-European branches with living descendants, Greek is often argued to have the closest genetic ties with
7557:
7430:
6563:
6558:
6534:
6444:
5961:
5059:
4635:
4484:
1691:
1678:
1006:
67:
8557:
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6814:
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6602:
6524:
6459:
5928:
5779:
5674:
5148:
5082:
4924:
3601:
2199:
1990:
1001:, as Hatzopoulos and other scholars note. Based on the conclusions drawn by several studies and findings such as
8475:
8315:
6612:
6575:
6509:
6175:
6062:
4775:
1254:
573:
489:
362:
111:
989:
diverse theories have been put forward, but the epigraphic activity and the archaeological discoveries in the
4878:– Combines LSJ, Autenrieth, Smyth's grammar and inflection tables in a browser add-on for use on any web site
8762:
8537:
8485:
8416:
8335:
7934:
7895:
7019:
6819:
6804:
6607:
6590:
6570:
6539:
6439:
6375:
5991:
5976:
5946:
5907:
5784:
5636:
5138:
3405:. Starting in 2001, an annual international competition "Exploring the Ancient Greek Language and Culture" (
3305:
2845:
2303:
2143:
1704:
1641:
1628:
1467:
1105:
291:
225:
4808:
Swiggers, Pierre and Alfons Wouters. "Description of the Constituent Elements of the (Greek) Language." In
4605:
4336:
Roman Law, Classical Education, and Limits on Classical Participation in America into the Twentieth-Century
4187:
8757:
8446:
8354:
8263:
8092:
7853:
6856:
6627:
6585:
6519:
6484:
5936:
5920:
5616:
5557:
5406:
5401:
3623:
is imprecisely attested and somewhat reconstructive due to its being written in an ill-fitting syllabary (
3512:
3445:
3099:
2107:
2037:
2019:
1994:
1978:
1893:
1883:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1853:
1497:
1454:
1428:
1411:
1402:
1398:
1385:
1372:
1350:
1329:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1286:
1276:
1211:
1186:
1160:
1125:
790:
649:
543:
531:
93:
45:
4846:
2325:). The quantitative augment is added to stems beginning with vowels, and involves lengthening the vowel:
8562:
8450:
8370:
8349:
8300:
7905:
7134:
7124:
7114:
7099:
6789:
6529:
6499:
6454:
6449:
6080:
6047:
5849:
5754:
5740:
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4555:
4247:
3571:
3518:
3496:
3492:
3371:
3278:
2972:
2235:
2119:
1836:
1584:
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549:
642:
8687:
8552:
8532:
8480:
8380:
8339:
8009:
7377:
7371:
7357:
6841:
6799:
6771:
6656:
6469:
5699:
5495:
4836:
4178:
3595:
3524:
3463:
3349:
1654:
1513:
1146:
485:
253:
4921:, an online collection of videos on various Ancient Indo-European languages, including Ancient Greek
4454:
3487:
Ancient Greek is often used in the coinage of modern technical terms in the European languages: see
1231:
572:, many of them with several subdivisions. Some dialects are found in standardized literary forms in
8527:
8375:
8155:
8113:
7981:
7508:
7478:
6866:
6761:
6756:
6193:
5508:
5421:
5391:
5345:
5108:
4138:"With the current state of our knowledge, we can affirm that Phrygian is closely related to Greek."
3457:
3353:
2266:
1764:
1754:
1741:
1728:
1715:
1509:
1064:
986:
940:
837:
729:
696:
565:
426:
7901:
4994:
4978:
4769:
4651:
8305:
8240:
8202:
7991:
7725:
7622:
7528:
7172:
7089:
6977:
6479:
6303:
5819:
5799:
5656:
5527:
5411:
5206:
5133:
4680:
4129:
3547:
3394:
3066:
2962:
2250:
2239:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
1598:
1542:
1520:
period. The writing system of Modern Greek, however, does not reflect all pronunciation changes.
1076:
1002:
998:
990:
508:
230:
74:
5007:
4259:
2447:
4215:
3818:
993:
during the last decades has brought to light documents, among which the first texts written in
522:, which is regarded as a separate historical stage, though its earliest form closely resembles
8431:
8396:
8258:
8234:
7800:
7387:
6936:
6784:
6736:
6580:
6549:
6494:
6411:
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5563:
5539:
5521:
5431:
5426:
5077:
4898:
4752:
4717:
4559:
4348:
4263:
4229:
4219:
4085:
4081:
4039:
4014:
3970:
3945:
3905:
3871:
3797:
3726:
3720:
3677:
3653:
3647:
3297:
Greece became increasingly popular in the mid-to-late Nineteenth Century, the age of American
3140:
3061:
3051:
3001:
2996:
2299:
2286:
2246:
1615:
1552:
1117:
1101:
1096:
208:
4997:– A summary of the latest world news in Ancient Greek, Juan Coderch, University of St Andrews
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2598:
2514:
2223:
2211:
1537:
1018:
1014:
979:
958:
Arcadocypriot apparently descended more closely from the Mycenaean Greek of the Bronze Age.
653:
467:
191:
38:
7770:
4940:
3747:
118:
8696:
8577:
8567:
8273:
8108:
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6846:
6712:
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5459:
5436:
5310:
5221:
5181:
5118:
4947:
4918:
4441:
4422:
4194:
3620:
3592: – Earliest attested form of the Greek language, from the 16th to the 12th century BC
3589:
3225:
3056:
2989:
2957:
2274:
2231:
2219:
2171:
2159:
2136:
2003:
1887:
1822:
1559:
1547:
1363:
1317:
1190:
1121:
620:
613:
583:
is a literary form of Archaic Greek (derived primarily from Ionic and Aeolic) used in the
441:
430:
217:
4796:
The Local Scripts of Archaic Greece: Revised Edition with a Supplement by A. W. Johnston.
4539:
Proceedings of the 2nd Pan-hellenic Congress for the Promotion of Innovation in Education
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174:
17:
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8290:
8278:
8061:
7957:
7627:
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7562:
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7247:
7237:
7217:
7207:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6426:
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5794:
5604:
5593:
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5262:
5123:
5048:
4812:
Edited by Franco Montanari and Stephanos Matthaios, 757–797. Leiden : Brill, 2015.
4727:
4319:
The Culture of Classicism: Ancient Greece and Rome in American Cultural Life, 1780–1910
3898:"Recent Research in the Ancient Macedonian Dialect: Consolidation and New Perspectives"
3577:
3541:
3529:
3406:
3387:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3177:
3160:
became standard, albeit with some variation among dialects. Early texts are written in
3157:
3023:
3008:
2977:
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2674:
2606:
2282:
2044:
1609:
1489:
1113:
1084:
961:
527:
452:
429:
from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods:
422:
418:
413:
341:
270:
263:
4415:
4252:
3568: – Landing page for looking up Greek and Latin word roots in the English language
325:
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8441:
8268:
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2227:
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1080:
794:
580:
501:
493:
456:
4968:
4841:
4730:, & Jean-Louis Perpillou. 3 vols. Paris: Klincksieck, 2009 (1st edn. 1968–1980).
3240:, the third is transliterated into the Latin alphabet using a modern version of the
8732:
8295:
8248:
8228:
8103:
8074:
7971:
7680:
7632:
7498:
7352:
7222:
6861:
6697:
6203:
6165:
5864:
4690:
Allan, Rutger J. "Changing the Topic: Topic Position in Ancient Greek Word Order."
3673:
3583:
3553:
3476:
3169:
2942:
2937:
2876:
2790:
2446:. An aspirated consonant, however, reduplicates in its unaspirated equivalent (see
2258:
2124:
1493:
1477:
1473:
1156:
1129:
898:
718:
561:
4886:
4008:
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5191:
3559:
3331:
3293:
3233:
3173:
2818:
2808:
2682:
2646:
2628:
2533:
with normal Greek development of laryngeals. (Forms with a stop were analogous.)
2510:
2307:
2215:
2167:
1962:
1954:
1947:
1932:
1796:
1517:
1072:
1068:
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553:
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519:
497:
379:
334:
56:
5012:
4096:"Unquestionably, however, Phrygian is most closely linked with Greek." (p. 72).
3604: – Dialects and differences between the written standard and spoken speech
1886:
was dropped from writing, to be restored later in the form of a diacritic, the
7637:
7607:
7602:
7587:
7473:
7440:
7109:
7079:
6746:
6474:
6308:
6150:
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Curriculum: A History of the American Undergraduate Course of Study Since 1636
4124:
4107:
3472:
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2278:
2155:
2079:
1937:
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likewise had come under Northwest Greek influence, though to a lesser degree.
973:
4941:
A more extensive grammar of the Ancient Greek language written by J. Rietveld
4455:"Ωρολόγιο Πρόγραμμα των μαθημάτων των Α, Β, Γ τάξεων του Hμερησίου Γυμνασίου"
3837:
3586: – Dialects and varieties of the Greek language spoken in the modern era
30:
This article is about the language. For ancient Greek population groups, see
8457:
7612:
7538:
7523:
7493:
7488:
7420:
7344:
7329:
7314:
7257:
7157:
6809:
6741:
6313:
6293:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6218:
6213:
6183:
6130:
6090:
5869:
5735:
5689:
5669:
5476:
5300:
5171:
4233:
3649:
Dictionary of Languages: The definitive reference to more than 400 languages
2262:
1903:
1898:
1849:
1505:
1481:
1310:
318:
301:
283:
195:
3693:
3370:
It is a compulsory subject alongside Latin in the humanities branch of the
4791:
Edited by Richard Janko, 8–19. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1992.
1315:
1229:
308:
8401:
7662:
7652:
7642:
7617:
7483:
7415:
7395:
7362:
7324:
7267:
7182:
7167:
7024:
7014:
6931:
6926:
6323:
6318:
6278:
6273:
6248:
6228:
6155:
6110:
6100:
5956:
5854:
5789:
5717:
5325:
4912:
3624:
3383:
3153:
2128:
1501:
1109:
370:
358:
27:
Forms of Greek used from around the 16th century BC to the 4th century BC
4856:
4684:
1112:, which is considered by some linguists to have been closely related to
8285:
7805:
7795:
7750:
7740:
7735:
7720:
7710:
7695:
7690:
7577:
7465:
7455:
7334:
7309:
7304:
7277:
7272:
7252:
7242:
7232:
7197:
7187:
7177:
7129:
7119:
7094:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7029:
6682:
6464:
6125:
6115:
5874:
5844:
5834:
5829:
5809:
5804:
5684:
5631:
5545:
5340:
5330:
5320:
5315:
5305:
4928:
3942:
Studies in Ancient Greek Dialects: From Central Greece to the Black Sea
3902:
Studies in Ancient Greek Dialects: From Central Greece to the Black Sea
3900:. In Giannakis, Georgios K.; Crespo, Emilio; Filos, Panagiotis (eds.).
3500:
3440:
3436:
3360:
3345:
3335:
3015:
2902:
2858:
2754:
2692:
2664:
1227:
between vowels after an intermediate step of debuccalization: Sanskrit
1224:
1083:. By about the 6th century AD, the Koine had slowly metamorphosed into
965:
624:
595:
389:
366:
4985:
A Digital Tutorial For Ancient Greek Based on White's First Greek Book
4859:
by Winfred P. Lehmann and Jonathan Slocum, free online lessons at the
7775:
7705:
7685:
7647:
7513:
7319:
7212:
7149:
7139:
7084:
6702:
6687:
6283:
6268:
6243:
6238:
6223:
5884:
5879:
5646:
5626:
5370:
5360:
5355:
5226:
5186:
5176:
5161:
4897:
4860:
4289:
Classica Americana: The Greek and Roman Heritage in the United States
3402:
3398:
2800:
2537:
Irregular duplication can be understood diachronically. For example,
2518:
2415:
2270:
2203:
1049:
1033:
1029:
1025:
969:
406:
4890:
4882:
Ancient Greek basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
4787:
Janko, Richard. "The Origins and Evolution of the Epic Diction." In
3236:
from the Classical period of ancient Greek. (The second line is the
1028:
dialect was Aeolic. For example, fragments of the works of the poet
2146:, is highly inflected. It is highly archaic in its preservation of
1472:
The pronunciation of Ancient Greek was very different from that of
7785:
7760:
7657:
7597:
7582:
7450:
7410:
7162:
7074:
7069:
7039:
7034:
7009:
6692:
6233:
6188:
6140:
5712:
5664:
5365:
5335:
5282:
5257:
5196:
5166:
4973:
4675:
Adams, Matthew. "The Introduction of Greek into English Schools."
3819:"Greek-Anatolian Language Contact and the Settlement of Pamphylia"
3780:, ed. R. D. Woodard, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 51.
3379:
3321:
3289:
3229:
3193:
3189:
3031:
2982:
2967:
2913:
2826:
2782:
2746:
2718:
2656:
2620:
2411:
2368:. The irregularity can be explained diachronically by the loss of
2132:
2123:
589:
481:
384:
378:
7926:
5017:
4735:
A History of Ancient Greek: from the Beginnings to Late Antiquity
1067:
in the late 4th century BC, a new international dialect known as
8593:
7790:
7765:
7715:
7202:
7192:
3288:
The study of Ancient Greek in European countries in addition to
2897:
2866:
2764:
2710:
2638:
2425:
The augment sometimes substitutes for reduplication; see below.
2207:
2151:
8597:
7930:
7830:
6972:
6401:
5905:
5252:
5072:
5021:
4803:
A Companion to Linear B: Mycenaean Greek Texts and their World.
4183:
4072:
Brixhe, Claude (2008). "Phrygian". In Woodard, Roger D (ed.).
2772:
2736:
2728:
2700:
2586:. A nasal stop appears after the reduplication in some verbs.
1879:
50:
3450:
3204:
2574:
2568:
2562:
2556:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2399:
2393:
2383:
2377:
2360:
Some verbs augment irregularly; the most common variation is
2086:
2064:
2049:
2026:
2008:
1983:
1967:
1913:
1907:
1873:
1829:
1803:
1771:
1747:
1734:
1721:
1697:
1684:
1671:
1647:
1634:
1621:
1590:
1577:
1564:
1449:
1423:
1406:
1380:
1367:
1345:
1324:
1280:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1206:
1170:
1164:
400:
167:
4962:
4108:"On the place of Phrygian among the Indo-European languages"
1155:(PIE) and other Indo-European languages in certain ways. In
799:
658:
4576:"Asterix speaks Attic (classical Greek) – Greece (ancient)"
3866:
Hornblower, Simon (2002). "Macedon, Thessaly and Boiotia".
1021:. Some have also suggested an Aeolic Greek classification.
4989:
4981:– Berkeley Language Center of the University of California
4875:
552:, divided into many dialects. The main dialect groups are
369:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
4969:
Free Lessons in Ancient Greek, Bilingual Libraries, Forum
3746:
Newton, Brian E.; Ruijgh, Cornelis Judd (13 April 2018).
3556: – Former prestige form of the Modern Greek language
3515: – Varieties of Ancient Greek in classical antiquity
3413:) was run for upper secondary students through the Greek
3386:. In 2010 it was offered in three primary schools in the
4580:
Asterix around the World – the many Languages of Asterix
2302:
adds (conceptually, at least) a prefix /e-/, called the
1488:
and single consonants; voiced, voiceless, and aspirated
500:. This article primarily contains information about the
4872:– Dictionaries, grammar, virtual libraries, fonts, etc.
4659:
4606:"Enigmistica: nasce prima rivista in greco antico 2015"
3393:
Ancient Greek is taught as a compulsory subject in all
3344:(grammar school – orientation: classical languages) in
3145:
The earliest extant examples of ancient Greek writing (
190:
An inscription about the construction of the statue of
37:"Classical Greek" redirects here. For the culture, see
4974:
A critical survey of websites devoted to Ancient Greek
4416:"Now look, Latin's fine, but Greek might be even Beta"
4302:
American Education: The Colonial Experience, 1607–1783
4285:
The American Colonial Mind and the Classical Tradition
4181:
and Paolo Ramat (Routledge, 1998 pp. 228–260), p. 228.
3598: – Last common ancestor of all varieties of Greek
3411:Διαγωνισμός στην Αρχαία Ελληνική Γλώσσα και Γραμματεία
4435:
More primary schools to offer Latin and ancient Greek
3495:
forms of ancient Greek roots are used in many of the
3425:
Modern authors rarely write in ancient Greek, though
3292:
occupied an important place in the syllabus from the
3196:
exemplifies the Archaic period of ancient Greek (see
2242:(first, second, and third) and various other forms.
797:(Southern Italy and Sicily) in the classical period.
4919:
glottothèque – Ancient Indo-European Grammars online
4887:
Ancient Greek Swadesh list of basic vocabulary words
4763:
Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction.
4258:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. p.
3993:
Collected Studies: Further studies on various topics
3415:
Ministry of National Education and Religious Affairs
1443:
1392:
1357:
1293:
1218:
1180:
534:
of Ancient Greek; Attic Greek developed into Koine.
8520:
8494:
8466:
8389:
8363:
8328:
8211:
8188:
8091:
8084:
8000:
7964:
7671:
7548:
7537:
7464:
7386:
7343:
7290:
7148:
7000:
6991:
6917:
6832:
6770:
6725:
6675:
6626:
6548:
6425:
6363:
6332:
6174:
6061:
6005:
5927:
5753:
5726:
5698:
5655:
5603:
5445:
5384:
5281:
5147:
5096:
4726:, new and updated edn., edited by Jean Taillardat,
4210:
Indo-European language and culture: an introduction
2245:Verbs are conjugated through seven combinations of
1856:that was used before velars and as an allophone of
1366:and some non-Attic dialects, was lost: early Doric
1159:, ancient Greek words could end only in a vowel or
316:
299:
281:
276:
260:
246:
214:
203:
161:
85:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4782:Greek: A History of the Language and its Speakers.
4384:
3891:
3889:
3887:
2457:Attic reduplication: Some verbs beginning with an
2414:'s practice, the augment is sometimes not made in
972:who wrote in Doric with a small Aeolic admixture.
576:, while others are attested only in inscriptions.
3429:wrote some poetry and prose in the language, and
4332:Ladies' Greek: Victorian Translations of Tragedy
3156:. Beginning in the 8th century BC, however, the
1005:, Emilio Crespo and other scholars suggest that
4810:Brill's Companion to Ancient Greek Scholarship.
4386:"Ancient Greek 'to be taught in state schools'"
4058:Brixhe, Cl. "Le Phrygien". In Fr. Bader (ed.),
3776:Roger D. Woodard (2008), "Greek dialects", in:
3550: – Branch of Indo-European language family
3532: – Script used to write the Greek language
1013:, which shares isoglosses with its neighboring
4737:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
4723:Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque
4151:. Cambridge University Press, 2007, pp. 11–12.
3339:
1052:), and Northern Peloponnesus Doric (including
634:One standard formulation for the dialects is:
8609:
7942:
5033:
4801:Morpurgo Davies, Anna, and Yves Duhoux, eds.
4789:The Iliad: A Commentary. Vol. 4, Books 13–16.
4749:Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies
4304:, pp. 128–129 (1970), and Frederick Rudolph,
4106:Obrador-Cursach, Bartomeu (1 December 2019).
3967:Ancient Macedonia: Language, History, Culture
3935:
3933:
3562: – Dialect of Greek in the ancient world
3521: – Grammar of the Ancient Greek language
3120:
1866:was assimilated to before voiced consonants.
1448:were devoiced and became the aspirated stops
8:
8512:Institute for Language and Speech Processing
4646:
4644:
4630:Rahlfs, Alfred, and Hanhart, Robert (eds.),
4334:, pp. 5–6 (2017). See also Timothy Kearley,
3580: – Medieval stage of the Greek language
2110:raised to , probably by the 4th century BC.
1071:or Common Greek developed, largely based on
3471:included a preface, a short history of the
3367:, and 280,000 pupils studied it in Italy.
3325:
1433:
1416:
1334:
1239:
1195:
8768:Languages attested from the 9th century BC
8634:
8616:
8602:
8594:
8088:
7949:
7935:
7927:
7827:
7545:
6997:
6988:
6969:
6729:
6632:
6422:
6398:
5915:
5902:
5609:
5278:
5249:
5093:
5069:
5040:
5026:
5018:
4768:Hansen, Hardy and Quinn, Gerald M. (1992)
4745:Greek Scripts: An Illustrated Introduction
4705:A Companion to the Ancient Greek Language.
4698:Athenaze: An Introduction to Ancient Greek
4425:, TES Editorial, 2010 – TSL Education Ltd.
4149:Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction
3969:. Centre for Greek Language. p. 145.
3218:Ἀτρεΐδης τε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν καὶ δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς.
3214:οἰωνοῖσί τε πᾶσι· Διὸς δ' ἐτελείετο βουλή·
3127:
3113:
2593:
2469:, followed by a sonorant (or occasionally
1044:), Southern Peloponnesus Doric (including
333:
184:
158:
4123:
3870:(Third ed.). Routledge. p. 90.
3449:have been translated into ancient Greek.
579:There are also several historical forms.
145:Learn how and when to remove this message
8583:Comparison of Ancient Greek dictionaries
4805:Vol. 1. Louvain, Belgium: Peeters, 2008.
3566:List of Greek and Latin roots in English
3432:Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
3374:. Ancient Greek is taught at most major
2253:(generally simply called "tenses"): the
1926:
1531:
1516:. Many of the changes took place in the
1512:, and the pitch accent has changed to a
73:Relevant discussion may be found on the
8773:9th-century BC establishments in Greece
4552:Areios Potēr kai ē tu philosophu lithos
4080:. Cambridge University Press. pp.
3904:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 299–324.
3682:Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire
3638:
3613:
3538: – Marks added to letters in Greek
3208:οὐλομένην, ἣ μυρί' Ἀχαιοῖς ἄλγε' ἔθηκε,
3180:, but these were all introduced later.
3074:
3043:
2923:
2836:
2605:
363:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
4692:Mnemosyne: Bibliotheca Classica Batava
4586:from the original on 30 September 2011
4487:from the original on 30 September 2022
4365:from the original on 18 September 2018
3725:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 445.
3719:Hose, Martin; Schenker, David (2015).
3700:from the original on 30 September 2022
3652:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 230.
3212:ἡρώων, αὐτοὺς δὲ ἑλώρια τεῦχε κύνεσσιν
3210:πολλὰς δ' ἰφθίμους ψυχὰς Ἄϊδι προΐαψεν
2372:between vowels, or that of the letter
4784:2d ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
4765:2d ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
4714:Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2010.
4519:from the original on 15 December 2018
3365:Federal Statistical Office of Germany
3352:in Belgium and it is optional in the
1882:) was co-opted to stand for a vowel,
412:
7:
7441:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus
4733:Christidis, Anastasios-Phoibos, ed.
4481:"ΩΡΟΛΟΓΙΟ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑ ΓΕΝΙΚΟΥ ΛΥΚΕΙΟΥ"
4397:from the original on 10 January 2022
4214:. Malden, Mass: Blackwell. pp.
4062:, pp. 165–178, Paris: CNRS Editions.
3793:A Companion to the Greek Lyric Poets
3216:ἐξ οὗ δὴ τὰ πρῶτα διαστήτην ἐρίσαντε
1141:Differences from Proto-Indo-European
83:adding citations to reliable sources
5008:Perseus – Greek and Roman Materials
4076:The Ancient Languages of Asia Minor
3206:Μῆνιν ἄειδε, θεά, Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος
2509:. This is not actually specific to
2154:(including proper nouns) have five
4541:. Vol. II. 2016. p. 548.
4162:Indo-European Language and Culture
3944:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 329.
3918:from the original on 27 April 2021
3896:Hatzopoulos, Miltiades B. (2018).
3847:from the original on 17 April 2021
2579:through compensatory lengthening.
480:Ancient Greek was the language of
25:
4915:– online editor for Ancient Greek
4798:Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1990.
4712:Etymological Dictionary of Greek.
4612:from the original on 28 July 2020
4444:, The Telegraph, 26 November 2012
2097:
2092:
2070:
2055:
2032:
2014:
1989:
1973:
1897:
1835:
1809:
1787:
1777:
1753:
1740:
1727:
1703:
1690:
1677:
1653:
1640:
1627:
1597:
1583:
1570:
526:, and its latest form approaches
518:), Ancient Greek was followed by
7910:
7900:
7891:
7890:
4507:"Annex to 2012 Greek statistics"
4461:from the original on 1 June 2015
4112:Journal of Language Relationship
3758:from the original on 20 May 2019
3095:
3094:
2597:
1332:"who" (relative pronoun); Latin
782:
641:
312:(includes all pre-modern stages)
55:
8666:300 BC – AD 600
8502:Hellenic Foundation for Culture
7911:
4173:Henry M. Hoenigswald, "Greek",
4038:. London: Vintage. p. 18.
3778:The Ancient Languages of Europe
3722:A Companion to Greek Literature
3503:and in scientific terminology.
3378:worldwide, often combined with
1163:; final stops were lost, as in
66:needs additional citations for
4707:Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
4188:Languages across Europe: Greek
3544: – Indo-European language
1:
8671:
8663:
8655:
8647:
8639:
8507:Center for the Greek Language
8065:
8052:
8039:
8026:
8013:
5512:
5499:
5480:
5463:
4865:University of Texas at Austin
4206:Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004).
4010:Alexander the Great: A Reader
3489:English words of Greek origin
3152:) are in the syllabic script
3146:
2142:Greek, like all of the older
1442:PIE "voiced aspirated" stops
1108:language of West and Central
927:Euboean and colonies in Italy
512:
488:historians, playwrights, and
471:
460:
445:
434:
6640:Funeral and burial practices
5825:Military of Mycenaean Greece
4953:Recitation of classics books
4847:Resources in other libraries
4512:. UNESCO. 2012. p. 26.
3251:
2924:Diacritics and other symbols
2575:
2569:
2563:
2561:) because it was originally
2557:
2551:
2545:
2539:
2519:
1960:
1878:, but when the same letter (
1189:at the beginning of a word (
985:Regarding the speech of the
610:Proto-Indo-European language
417:) includes the forms of the
407:
175:
32:List of ancient Greek tribes
4861:Linguistics Research Center
4700:(Oxford University Press).
4175:The Indo-European Languages
4034:Reynolds, Margaret (2001).
3996:. A.M. Hakkert. p. 79.
3868:The Greek World, 479–323 BC
3817:Skelton, Christina (2017).
3790:Gerber, Douglas E. (1997).
3166:accents and breathing marks
1316:
1230:
1151:Ancient Greek differs from
8794:
6564:Greek Revival architecture
4958:Perseus Greek dictionaries
4794:Jeffery, Lilian Hamilton.
4771:Greek: An Intensive Course
4636:Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft
4632:Septuaginta, editio altera
4164:. Blackwell, 2004, p. 181.
3451:
3348:, in classical studies in
3316:. It is compulsory in the
3276:
3205:
3138:
2400:
2394:
2384:
2378:
2117:
2087:
2065:
2050:
2027:
2009:
1984:
1968:
1914:
1908:
1874:
1830:
1804:
1772:
1748:
1735:
1722:
1698:
1685:
1672:
1648:
1635:
1622:
1591:
1578:
1565:
1508:in diphthongs have become
1465:
1450:
1444:
1424:
1407:
1393:
1381:
1368:
1358:
1346:
1325:
1294:
1281:
1271:
1219:
1207:
1181:
1171:
1165:
1144:
1094:
840:(probably Northwest Doric)
699:(probably Northwest Doric)
541:
401:
168:
43:
36:
29:
8632:
7886:
7837:
7826:
6987:
6968:
6732:
6635:
6421:
6397:
5972:Attalid kings of Pergamon
5918:
5914:
5901:
5780:Antigonid Macedonian army
5612:
5277:
5248:
5092:
5068:
5055:
4842:Resources in your library
4338:, pp. 54–55, 97–98 (2022)
4125:10.31826/jlr-2019-173-407
4013:. Routledge. p. 71.
4007:Worthington, Ian (2012).
3602:Varieties of Modern Greek
3410:
3083:Use as scientific symbols
2150:forms. In ancient Greek,
2083:
1936:
1931:
1896:was probably a voiceless
1821:
1795:
1763:
1608:
1558:
1534:
1504:). Some of the stops and
991:Greek region of Macedonia
349:
332:
183:
166:
4776:Fordham University Press
4193:14 November 2020 at the
4060:Langues indo-européennes
3838:10.1525/ca.2017.36.1.104
3382:as part of the study of
1902:when word-initially and
342:Ancient (Homeric) Greece
18:Classical Greek language
8538:Greek language question
4979:Ancient Greek Tutorials
4905:Encyclopædia Britannica
4703:Bakker, Egbert J., ed.
3990:Hammond, N.G.L (1997).
3752:Encyclopædia Britannica
3421:Modern real-world usage
3248:
2549:) has the perfect stem
2298:The indicative of past
2144:Indo-European languages
1468:Ancient Greek phonology
1265:
1259:
1063:After the conquests of
1017:spoken in northeastern
1011:Northwest Doric dialect
6006:Artists & scholars
5921:List of ancient Greeks
5558:Second Athenian League
5407:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
5232:Ancient Greek colonies
4946:7 January 2021 at the
4908:(11th ed.). 1911.
4899:"Greek Language"
4870:Online Greek resources
4857:Classical Greek Online
4652:"Akropolis World News"
4349:"Ministry publication"
3796:. Brill. p. 255.
3694:10.3406/rbph.2012.8269
3574:(mostly ancient Greek)
3513:Ancient Greek dialects
3446:The Adventures of Alix
3340:
3326:
3044:Use in other languages
2847:Archaic local variants
2317:(stems beginning with
2139:
1434:
1417:
1405:in Attic: Attic Greek
1335:
1240:
1196:
1169:"milk", compared with
1126:Indo-Iranian languages
544:Ancient Greek dialects
486:fifth-century Athenian
414:[hellɛːnikɛ́ː]
393:
351:This article contains
46:Greek (disambiguation)
7125:Sybaris on the Traeis
5850:Sacred Band of Thebes
5590:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)
5104:Cycladic civilization
4891:Swadesh list appendix
4761:Fortson, Benjamin W.
4710:Beekes, Robert S. P.
4662:on 22 September 2016.
4421:3 August 2010 at the
4160:Benjamin W. Fortson.
3572:List of Greek phrases
3519:Ancient Greek grammar
3372:Spanish Baccalaureate
3334:, in some classes in
3279:Neoclassical compound
2234:(active, middle, and
2127:
2120:Ancient Greek grammar
1478:long and short vowels
1305:(debuccalization) or
903:Aegean/Asiatic Aeolic
550:pluricentric language
530:. There were several
382:
8548:Morphemes in English
8533:Eteocypriot language
7965:Origin and genealogy
6650:mythological figures
6371:Ancient Greek tribes
5496:Peloponnesian League
4995:Acropolis World News
4780:Horrocks, Geoffrey.
4694:67.2: 181–213, 2014.
4679:61.1: 102–13, 2014.
4440:13 June 2018 at the
4179:Anna Giacalone Ramat
4036:The Sappho Companion
3596:Proto-Greek language
3525:Ancient Greek accent
3464:Hebdomada Aenigmatum
3354:humanities-oriented
2517:and sonorant, hence
2238:), as well as three
2131:bearing the name of
1872:was earlier written
1476:. Ancient Greek had
1362:, which occurred in
1147:Proto-Greek language
548:Ancient Greek was a
79:improve this article
44:For other uses, see
8778:Languages of Sicily
8553:Terms of endearment
8528:Eteocretan language
8495:Promotion and study
7982:Pre-Greek substrate
6762:Tunnel of Eupalinos
6757:Theatre of Dionysus
6381:Ancient Macedonians
5997:Tyrants of Syracuse
5509:Amphictyonic League
5109:Minoan civilization
5013:Ancient Greek Texts
4990:New Testament Greek
4889:(from Wiktionary's
4391:The Daily Telegraph
4317:Caroline Winterer,
3826:Classical Antiquity
3458:Onomata Kechiasmena
3200:for more details):
2382:(I attack) goes to
2148:Proto-Indo-European
1269:> ancient Greek
1153:Proto-Indo-European
1065:Alexander the Great
1032:from the island of
1015:Thessalian dialects
987:ancient Macedonians
941:Arcadocypriot Greek
438: 1400–1200 BC
8650:1600–1100 BC
8573:Greek Language Day
8203:Jewish Koine Greek
7992:Hellenic languages
7436:Menestheus's Limin
7090:Pandosia (Lucania)
6978:Greek colonisation
6340:Athenian statesmen
6101:Diogenes of Sinope
5962:Kings of Macedonia
5952:Kings of Commagene
5820:Macedonian phalanx
5800:Hellenistic armies
5548:(c. 424–c. 395 BC)
5412:Indo-Greek Kingdom
5134:Hellenistic Greece
4963:Greek-Language.com
4718:Chantraine, Pierre
4308:, pp. 31–32 (1978)
4254:The Greek Language
3548:Hellenic languages
3452:Ὀνόματα Kεχιασμένα
3341:klasična gimnazija
3067:Old Italic scripts
2140:
1462:Phonemic inventory
1077:Tsakonian language
1007:ancient Macedonian
1003:Pella curse tablet
999:Pella curse tablet
914:Ionic-Attic Group
509:Hellenistic period
449: 1200–800 BC
394:
8745:
8744:
8740:
8739:
8642:3rd millennium BC
8591:
8590:
8397:Cypriot syllabary
8324:
8323:
8198:Hellenistic Koine
7924:
7923:
7882:
7881:
7822:
7821:
7818:
7817:
7814:
7813:
7388:Iberian Peninsula
7320:Lipara/Meligounis
7286:
7285:
6964:
6963:
6960:
6959:
6937:Cypriot syllabary
6828:
6827:
6737:Athenian Treasury
6721:
6720:
6393:
6392:
6389:
6388:
5982:Ptolemaic dynasty
5942:Archons of Athens
5897:
5896:
5893:
5892:
5768:Athenian military
5749:
5748:
5582:League of Corinth
5564:Thessalian League
5540:Chalcidian League
5522:Acarnanian League
5432:Ptolemaic Kingdom
5244:
5243:
5240:
5239:
4925:Community courses
4823:Library resources
4269:978-0-8061-2844-3
4091:978-0-521-68496-5
4045:978-0-09-973861-9
4020:978-1-136-64003-2
3976:978-960-7779-52-6
3951:978-3-11-053081-0
3911:978-3-11-053081-0
3659:978-1-4081-0214-5
3224:The beginning of
3188:The beginning of
3170:interword spacing
3141:Greek orthography
3137:
3136:
2919:
2918:
2832:
2831:
2105:
2104:
1957:
1950:
1845:
1844:
1718:
1668:
1618:
1457:in ancient Greek.
1097:Phrygian language
1091:Related languages
1048:, the dialect of
876:
875:
774:
773:
652:in Greece in the
532:regional dialects
475: 500–300 BC
464: 800–500 BC
377:
376:
359:rendering support
355:phonetic symbols.
155:
154:
147:
129:
16:(Redirected from
8785:
8680:
8675:
8673:
8667:
8665:
8659:
8658:800–300 BC
8657:
8651:
8649:
8643:
8641:
8635:
8618:
8611:
8604:
8595:
8316:Greco-Australian
8089:
8070:
8067:
8057:
8054:
8044:
8041:
8031:
8028:
8018:
8015:
7951:
7944:
7937:
7928:
7914:
7913:
7904:
7894:
7893:
7828:
7546:
7045:Heraclea Lucania
6998:
6989:
6970:
6730:
6662:Twelve Olympians
6633:
6423:
6399:
5987:Seleucid dynasty
5967:Kings of Paionia
5916:
5903:
5773:Scythian archers
5680:Graphe paranomon
5610:
5517:
5514:
5504:
5501:
5485:
5482:
5472:
5468:
5465:
5279:
5250:
5129:Classical Greece
5114:Mycenaean Greece
5094:
5070:
5042:
5035:
5028:
5019:
4935:Grammar learning
4909:
4901:
4743:and Handley, C.
4664:
4663:
4658:. Archived from
4648:
4639:
4628:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4602:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4572:
4566:
4549:
4543:
4542:
4535:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4524:
4518:
4511:
4503:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4492:
4477:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4466:
4451:
4445:
4432:
4426:
4413:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4402:
4393:. 30 July 2010.
4388:
4381:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4364:
4353:
4345:
4339:
4328:
4322:
4321:, pp.3–4 (2002).
4315:
4309:
4298:
4292:
4280:
4274:
4273:
4257:
4244:
4238:
4237:
4213:
4203:
4197:
4171:
4165:
4158:
4152:
4147:James Clackson.
4145:
4139:
4137:
4127:
4103:
4097:
4095:
4079:
4069:
4063:
4056:
4050:
4049:
4031:
4025:
4024:
4004:
3998:
3997:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3962:
3956:
3955:
3937:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3893:
3882:
3881:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3846:
3823:
3814:
3808:
3807:
3787:
3781:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3748:"Greek Language"
3743:
3737:
3736:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3670:
3664:
3663:
3643:
3628:
3618:
3536:Greek diacritics
3497:scientific names
3475:text, and other
3454:
3453:
3412:
3343:
3329:
3220:
3219:
3176:, and sometimes
3151:
3148:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3098:
3097:
3035:
3027:
3019:
2852:
2851:
2614:
2613:
2601:
2594:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2532:
2406:
2405:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2390:
2381:
2380:
2109:
2101:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2039:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2021:
2018:
2012:
2011:
1996:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1953:
1946:
1927:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1910:
1901:
1895:
1885:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1855:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1791:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1714:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1664:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1614:
1601:
1594:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1532:
1499:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1445:*bʰ dʰ ǵʰ gʰ gʷʰ
1437:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1420:
1414:"where?", Latin
1413:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1361:
1360:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1344:, ancient Greek
1338:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1323:, ancient Greek
1321:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1288:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1262:
1243:
1235:
1222:
1221:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1205:, ancient Greek
1199:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1036:are in Aeolian.
980:Pamphylian Greek
857:
835:
824:
813:
800:
789:Distribution of
786:
759:
748:
727:
716:
694:
683:
672:
659:
654:classical period
648:Distribution of
645:
621:Dorian invasions
517:
514:
476:
473:
465:
462:
450:
447:
439:
436:
416:
410:
404:
403:
337:
328:
311:
304:
295:
294:
286:
266:
220:
192:Athena Parthenos
188:
178:
171:
170:
159:
150:
143:
139:
136:
130:
128:
87:
59:
51:
39:Classical Greece
21:
8793:
8792:
8788:
8787:
8786:
8784:
8783:
8782:
8748:
8747:
8746:
8741:
8736:
8727:
8718:
8709:
8700:
8691:
8678:
8670:
8662:
8654:
8646:
8638:
8628:
8622:
8592:
8587:
8578:Trojan language
8568:Minoan language
8516:
8490:
8462:
8390:Writing systems
8385:
8381:Standard Modern
8359:
8355:Standard Modern
8320:
8274:Greco/Calabrian
8207:
8184:
8080:
8068:
8055:
8042:
8029:
8023:Mycenaean Greek
8016:
7996:
7987:Graeco-Phrygian
7977:Graeco-Armenian
7960:
7955:
7925:
7920:
7878:
7833:
7810:
7673:
7667:
7550:
7541:
7533:
7504:Melaina Korkyra
7460:
7382:
7339:
7292:Aeolian Islands
7282:
7144:
7002:
6983:
6982:
6956:
6913:
6824:
6766:
6717:
6671:
6622:
6544:
6535:Wedding customs
6417:
6416:
6385:
6376:Thracian Greeks
6359:
6350:Olympic victors
6328:
6170:
6057:
6001:
5992:Kings of Sparta
5977:Kings of Pontus
5947:Kings of Athens
5923:
5910:
5889:
5785:Army of Macedon
5745:
5722:
5694:
5651:
5599:
5572:(370–c. 230 BC)
5570:Arcadian League
5554:(c. 400–188 BC)
5552:Aetolian League
5546:Boeotian League
5528:Hellenic League
5515:
5502:
5492:(c. 650–404 BC)
5483:
5477:Italiote League
5470:
5466:
5460:Doric Hexapolis
5450:
5441:
5437:Seleucid Empire
5380:
5273:
5272:
5236:
5143:
5119:Greek Dark Ages
5088:
5087:
5064:
5051:
5046:
5004:
5002:Classical texts
4948:Wayback Machine
4937:
4896:
4853:
4852:
4851:
4831:
4830:
4826:
4819:
4677:Greece and Rome
4672:
4670:Further reading
4667:
4650:
4649:
4642:
4629:
4625:
4615:
4613:
4604:
4603:
4599:
4589:
4587:
4582:. 22 May 2011.
4574:
4573:
4569:
4550:
4546:
4537:
4536:
4532:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4509:
4505:
4504:
4500:
4490:
4488:
4479:
4478:
4474:
4464:
4462:
4453:
4452:
4448:
4442:Wayback Machine
4433:
4429:
4423:Wayback Machine
4414:
4410:
4400:
4398:
4383:
4382:
4378:
4368:
4366:
4362:
4356:www.edscuola.it
4351:
4347:
4346:
4342:
4329:
4325:
4316:
4312:
4299:
4295:
4281:
4277:
4270:
4248:Palmer, Leonard
4246:
4245:
4241:
4226:
4205:
4204:
4200:
4195:Wayback Machine
4182:
4172:
4168:
4159:
4155:
4146:
4142:
4105:
4104:
4100:
4092:
4071:
4070:
4066:
4057:
4053:
4046:
4033:
4032:
4028:
4021:
4006:
4005:
4001:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3977:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3952:
3939:
3938:
3931:
3921:
3919:
3912:
3895:
3894:
3885:
3878:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3821:
3816:
3815:
3811:
3804:
3789:
3788:
3784:
3775:
3771:
3761:
3759:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3733:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3703:
3701:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3660:
3646:Dalby, Andrew.
3645:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3631:
3621:Mycenaean Greek
3619:
3615:
3611:
3590:Mycenaean Greek
3509:
3423:
3310:grammar schools
3286:
3281:
3275:
3270:
3256:
3242:Erasmian scheme
3222:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3186:
3149:
3143:
3133:
3104:
3039:
3033:
3025:
3017:
3011:
3006:
2992:
2987:
2933:
2907:
2850:
2592:
2567:, with perfect
2448:Grassmann's law
2431:
2407:in the aorist.
2321:, however, add
2296:
2275:present perfect
2269:in aspect; the
2137:Stoa of Attalos
2122:
2116:
2091:
2069:
2054:
2031:
2013:
1988:
1972:
1925:
1888:rough breathing
1848:occurred as an
1834:
1808:
1786:
1776:
1752:
1739:
1726:
1702:
1689:
1676:
1652:
1639:
1626:
1595:
1582:
1569:
1530:
1470:
1464:
1191:debuccalization
1149:
1143:
1138:
1122:Graeco-Armenian
1099:
1093:
888:Northwest Greek
882:
881:
880:
879:
878:
877:
869:
866:
855:
844:
841:
833:
829:
827:Northwest Doric
822:
818:
811:
787:
778:
777:
776:
775:
767:
764:
757:
753:
746:
735:
732:
725:
721:
714:
703:
700:
692:
688:
686:Northwest Doric
681:
677:
670:
646:
614:Mycenaean Greek
605:
546:
540:
515:
474:
463:
448:
437:
431:Mycenaean Greek
357:Without proper
345:
344:
324:
307:
300:
290:
289:
282:
267:
262:
256:
249:
242:
221:
218:Language family
216:
199:
172:
151:
140:
134:
131:
94:"Ancient Greek"
88:
86:
72:
60:
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8791:
8789:
8781:
8780:
8775:
8770:
8765:
8763:Ancient Greece
8760:
8750:
8749:
8743:
8742:
8738:
8737:
8730:
8728:
8721:
8719:
8712:
8710:
8703:
8701:
8694:
8692:
8685:
8682:
8681:
8676:
8674:600–1453
8668:
8660:
8652:
8644:
8633:
8630:
8629:
8623:
8621:
8620:
8613:
8606:
8598:
8589:
8588:
8586:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8545:
8540:
8535:
8530:
8524:
8522:
8518:
8517:
8515:
8514:
8509:
8504:
8498:
8496:
8492:
8491:
8489:
8488:
8483:
8478:
8472:
8470:
8464:
8463:
8461:
8460:
8455:
8454:
8453:
8444:
8439:
8434:
8429:
8427:Greek numerals
8424:
8422:Attic numerals
8419:
8414:
8407:Greek alphabet
8404:
8399:
8393:
8391:
8387:
8386:
8384:
8383:
8378:
8373:
8367:
8365:
8361:
8360:
8358:
8357:
8352:
8347:
8332:
8330:
8326:
8325:
8322:
8321:
8319:
8318:
8313:
8308:
8303:
8298:
8293:
8288:
8283:
8282:
8281:
8276:
8266:
8264:Constantinople
8261:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8245:
8244:
8232:
8225:
8217:
8215:
8209:
8208:
8206:
8205:
8200:
8194:
8192:
8186:
8185:
8183:
8182:
8177:
8176:
8175:
8174:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8150:
8142:
8141:
8140:
8139:
8138:
8128:
8120:
8119:
8118:
8117:
8116:
8106:
8097:
8095:
8086:
8082:
8081:
8079:
8078:
8072:
8062:Medieval Greek
8059:
8046:
8033:
8020:
8006:
8004:
7998:
7997:
7995:
7994:
7989:
7984:
7979:
7974:
7968:
7966:
7962:
7961:
7958:Greek language
7956:
7954:
7953:
7946:
7939:
7931:
7922:
7921:
7919:
7918:
7908:
7898:
7887:
7884:
7883:
7880:
7879:
7877:
7876:
7871:
7866:
7861:
7856:
7851:
7850:
7849:
7838:
7835:
7834:
7831:
7824:
7823:
7820:
7819:
7816:
7815:
7812:
7811:
7809:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7677:
7675:
7669:
7668:
7666:
7665:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7645:
7640:
7635:
7630:
7625:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7554:
7552:
7543:
7535:
7534:
7532:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7486:
7481:
7476:
7470:
7468:
7462:
7461:
7459:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7392:
7390:
7384:
7383:
7381:
7380:
7375:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7349:
7347:
7341:
7340:
7338:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7296:
7294:
7288:
7287:
7284:
7283:
7281:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7238:Megara Hyblaea
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7218:Hybla Gereatis
7215:
7210:
7208:Heraclea Minoa
7205:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7154:
7152:
7146:
7145:
7143:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7006:
7004:
6995:
6985:
6984:
6981:
6980:
6974:
6973:
6966:
6965:
6962:
6961:
6958:
6957:
6955:
6954:
6952:Attic numerals
6949:
6947:Greek numerals
6944:
6942:Greek alphabet
6939:
6934:
6929:
6923:
6921:
6915:
6914:
6912:
6911:
6906:
6905:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6838:
6836:
6830:
6829:
6826:
6825:
6823:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6776:
6774:
6768:
6767:
6765:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6733:
6727:
6723:
6722:
6719:
6718:
6716:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6679:
6677:
6673:
6672:
6670:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6653:
6652:
6642:
6636:
6630:
6624:
6623:
6621:
6620:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6599:
6598:
6596:Musical system
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6567:
6566:
6555:
6553:
6546:
6545:
6543:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6431:
6429:
6419:
6418:
6415:
6414:
6409:
6403:
6402:
6395:
6394:
6391:
6390:
6387:
6386:
6384:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6367:
6365:
6361:
6360:
6358:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6336:
6334:
6330:
6329:
6327:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6180:
6178:
6172:
6171:
6169:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6067:
6065:
6059:
6058:
6056:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6028:Mathematicians
6025:
6020:
6015:
6009:
6007:
6003:
6002:
6000:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5937:Kings of Argos
5933:
5931:
5925:
5924:
5919:
5912:
5911:
5906:
5899:
5898:
5895:
5894:
5891:
5890:
5888:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5795:Cretan archers
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5776:
5775:
5765:
5759:
5757:
5751:
5750:
5747:
5746:
5744:
5743:
5738:
5732:
5730:
5724:
5723:
5721:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5704:
5702:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5661:
5659:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5613:
5607:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5597:
5594:Achaean League
5591:
5588:Euboean League
5585:
5579:
5576:Epirote League
5573:
5567:
5561:
5555:
5549:
5543:
5537:
5531:
5525:
5524:(c. 500–31 BC)
5519:
5506:
5493:
5487:
5474:
5456:
5454:
5452:Confederations
5443:
5442:
5440:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5388:
5386:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5378:
5376:Lissus (Crete)
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5287:
5285:
5275:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5254:
5253:
5246:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5153:
5151:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5124:Archaic Greece
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5100:
5098:
5090:
5089:
5086:
5085:
5080:
5074:
5073:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5062:
5056:
5053:
5052:
5049:Ancient Greece
5047:
5045:
5044:
5037:
5030:
5022:
5016:
5015:
5010:
5003:
5000:
4999:
4998:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4931:
4922:
4916:
4910:
4894:
4884:
4879:
4873:
4867:
4850:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4833:
4832:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4817:External links
4815:
4814:
4813:
4806:
4799:
4792:
4785:
4778:
4766:
4759:
4741:Easterling, P.
4738:
4731:
4728:Olivier Masson
4715:
4708:
4701:
4695:
4688:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4665:
4640:
4623:
4608:. 4 May 2015.
4597:
4567:
4544:
4530:
4498:
4472:
4446:
4427:
4408:
4376:
4340:
4323:
4310:
4293:
4291:, p.27 (1984).
4275:
4268:
4239:
4225:978-1405103152
4224:
4198:
4166:
4153:
4140:
4114:(in Russian).
4098:
4090:
4064:
4051:
4044:
4026:
4019:
3999:
3982:
3975:
3957:
3950:
3929:
3910:
3883:
3876:
3858:
3832:(1): 104–129.
3809:
3802:
3782:
3769:
3738:
3732:978-1118885956
3731:
3711:
3665:
3658:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3599:
3593:
3587:
3581:
3578:Medieval Greek
3575:
3569:
3563:
3557:
3551:
3545:
3542:Greek language
3539:
3533:
3530:Greek alphabet
3527:
3522:
3516:
3508:
3505:
3422:
3419:
3318:liceo classico
3314:United Kingdom
3306:public schools
3285:
3282:
3274:
3271:
3247:
3246:
3202:
3185:
3182:
3158:Greek alphabet
3150: 1450 BC
3139:Main article:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3124:
3117:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3077:
3076:
3075:Related topics
3072:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3029:
3021:
3012:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2993:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2934:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2861:
2856:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2821:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2749:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2731:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2713:
2708:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2695:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2677:
2672:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2659:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2623:
2618:
2610:
2609:
2607:Greek alphabet
2603:
2602:
2591:
2590:Writing system
2588:
2535:
2534:
2455:
2451:
2430:
2427:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2329:a, ā, e, ē → ē
2295:
2292:
2283:future perfect
2118:Main article:
2115:
2112:
2103:
2102:
2084:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2062:
2060:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2024:
2022:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1981:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1891:
1867:
1861:
1860:before nasals.
1843:
1842:
1840:
1827:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1801:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1784:
1782:
1769:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1745:
1732:
1719:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1695:
1682:
1669:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1645:
1632:
1619:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1588:
1575:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1529:
1526:
1466:Main article:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1440:
1422:; Attic Greek
1389:
1379:, Attic Greek
1354:
1290:
1289:) "of a kind".
1215:
1145:Main article:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1104:is an extinct
1095:Main article:
1092:
1089:
1085:Medieval Greek
997:, such as the
962:Boeotian Greek
952:
951:
950:
949:
946:
938:
937:
936:
935:
934:
931:
928:
920:
912:
911:
910:
907:
904:
896:
895:
894:
889:
874:
873:
868:
867:
854:
851:
845:
843:
842:
832:
830:
821:
819:
810:
807:
798:
791:Greek dialects
788:
781:
780:
779:
772:
771:
766:
765:
756:
754:
745:
742:
736:
734:
733:
730:Arcado-Cypriot
724:
722:
713:
710:
704:
702:
701:
691:
689:
680:
678:
669:
666:
657:
650:Greek dialects
647:
640:
639:
638:
637:
636:
604:
601:
542:Main article:
539:
536:
528:Medieval Greek
423:ancient Greece
419:Greek language
375:
374:
361:, you may see
347:
346:
339:
338:
330:
329:
322:
314:
313:
305:
297:
296:
287:
279:
278:
277:Language codes
274:
273:
271:Greek alphabet
268:
264:Writing system
261:
258:
257:
252:
250:
247:
244:
243:
241:
240:
239:
238:
224:
222:
215:
212:
211:
205:
201:
200:
189:
181:
180:
164:
163:
153:
152:
77:. Please help
63:
61:
54:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8790:
8779:
8776:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8766:
8764:
8761:
8759:
8758:Ancient Greek
8756:
8755:
8753:
8735:
8734:
8729:
8726:
8725:
8720:
8717:
8716:
8711:
8708:
8707:
8702:
8699:
8698:
8693:
8690:
8689:
8684:
8683:
8677:
8669:
8661:
8653:
8645:
8637:
8636:
8631:
8627:
8619:
8614:
8612:
8607:
8605:
8600:
8599:
8596:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8531:
8529:
8526:
8525:
8523:
8519:
8513:
8510:
8508:
8505:
8503:
8500:
8499:
8497:
8493:
8487:
8484:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8473:
8471:
8469:
8465:
8459:
8456:
8452:
8448:
8447:Cyrillization
8445:
8443:
8440:
8438:
8435:
8433:
8430:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8418:
8417:Archaic forms
8415:
8413:
8410:
8409:
8408:
8405:
8403:
8400:
8398:
8395:
8394:
8392:
8388:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8368:
8366:
8362:
8356:
8353:
8351:
8348:
8345:
8341:
8337:
8334:
8333:
8331:
8327:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8284:
8280:
8279:Griko/Apulian
8277:
8275:
8272:
8271:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8243:
8242:
8238:
8237:
8236:
8233:
8231:
8230:
8226:
8224:
8223:
8219:
8218:
8216:
8214:
8210:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8195:
8193:
8191:
8187:
8181:
8178:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8153:
8151:
8149:
8146:
8145:
8143:
8137:
8134:
8133:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8123:
8121:
8115:
8114:Arcadocypriot
8112:
8111:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8101:
8099:
8098:
8096:
8094:
8090:
8087:
8083:
8076:
8073:
8063:
8060:
8056: 300 BC
8050:
8047:
8037:
8036:Ancient Greek
8034:
8024:
8021:
8011:
8008:
8007:
8005:
8003:
7999:
7993:
7990:
7988:
7985:
7983:
7980:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7970:
7969:
7967:
7963:
7959:
7952:
7947:
7945:
7940:
7938:
7933:
7932:
7929:
7917:
7909:
7907:
7903:
7899:
7897:
7889:
7888:
7885:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7848:
7845:
7844:
7843:
7840:
7839:
7836:
7829:
7825:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7678:
7676:
7670:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7636:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7589:
7586:
7584:
7581:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7555:
7553:
7547:
7544:
7540:
7536:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7471:
7469:
7467:
7463:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7416:Hemeroscopion
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7393:
7391:
7389:
7385:
7379:
7376:
7373:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7350:
7348:
7346:
7342:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7297:
7295:
7293:
7289:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7155:
7153:
7151:
7147:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7007:
7005:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6993:Magna Graecia
6990:
6986:
6979:
6976:
6975:
6971:
6967:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6924:
6922:
6920:
6916:
6910:
6907:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6867:Arcadocypriot
6865:
6863:
6860:
6859:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6839:
6837:
6835:
6831:
6821:
6820:Zeus, Olympia
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6805:Hera, Olympia
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6777:
6775:
6773:
6769:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6734:
6731:
6728:
6724:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6708:Mount Olympus
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6680:
6678:
6676:Sacred places
6674:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6651:
6648:
6647:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6637:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6625:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6597:
6594:
6593:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6565:
6562:
6561:
6560:
6557:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6547:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6500:Olympic Games
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6490:Homosexuality
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6432:
6430:
6428:
6424:
6420:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6404:
6400:
6396:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6362:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6337:
6335:
6331:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6181:
6179:
6177:
6173:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6068:
6066:
6064:
6060:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6010:
6008:
6004:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5934:
5932:
5930:
5926:
5922:
5917:
5913:
5909:
5904:
5900:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5860:Seleucid army
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5774:
5771:
5770:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5756:
5752:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5733:
5731:
5729:
5725:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5701:
5697:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5662:
5660:
5658:
5654:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5614:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5602:
5595:
5592:
5589:
5586:
5583:
5580:
5577:
5574:
5571:
5568:
5565:
5562:
5559:
5556:
5553:
5550:
5547:
5544:
5541:
5538:
5535:
5534:Delian League
5532:
5529:
5526:
5523:
5520:
5510:
5507:
5497:
5494:
5491:
5490:Ionian League
5488:
5478:
5475:
5471: 560 BC
5461:
5458:
5457:
5455:
5453:
5448:
5444:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5383:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5251:
5247:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5212:Magna Graecia
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5150:
5146:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5101:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5071:
5067:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5054:
5050:
5043:
5038:
5036:
5031:
5029:
5024:
5023:
5020:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5001:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4945:
4942:
4939:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4923:
4920:
4917:
4914:
4911:
4907:
4906:
4900:
4895:
4892:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4877:
4874:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4829:
4828:Ancient Greek
4824:
4816:
4811:
4807:
4804:
4800:
4797:
4793:
4790:
4786:
4783:
4779:
4777:
4773:
4772:
4767:
4764:
4760:
4758:
4757:0-902984-17-9
4754:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4739:
4736:
4732:
4729:
4725:
4724:
4719:
4716:
4713:
4709:
4706:
4702:
4699:
4696:
4693:
4689:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4673:
4669:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4647:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4633:
4627:
4624:
4611:
4607:
4601:
4598:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4571:
4568:
4565:
4564:1-58234-826-X
4561:
4557:
4553:
4548:
4545:
4540:
4534:
4531:
4515:
4508:
4502:
4499:
4486:
4482:
4476:
4473:
4460:
4456:
4450:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4436:
4431:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4417:
4412:
4409:
4396:
4392:
4387:
4380:
4377:
4361:
4357:
4350:
4344:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4330:Yopie Prins,
4327:
4324:
4320:
4314:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4297:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4279:
4276:
4271:
4265:
4261:
4256:
4255:
4249:
4243:
4240:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4221:
4217:
4212:
4211:
4202:
4199:
4196:
4192:
4189:
4185:
4180:
4176:
4170:
4167:
4163:
4157:
4154:
4150:
4144:
4141:
4135:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4102:
4099:
4093:
4087:
4083:
4078:
4077:
4068:
4065:
4061:
4055:
4052:
4047:
4041:
4037:
4030:
4027:
4022:
4016:
4012:
4011:
4003:
4000:
3995:
3994:
3986:
3983:
3978:
3972:
3968:
3961:
3958:
3953:
3947:
3943:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3917:
3913:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3879:
3877:0-415-16326-9
3873:
3869:
3862:
3859:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3810:
3805:
3803:90-04-09944-1
3799:
3795:
3794:
3786:
3783:
3779:
3773:
3770:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3742:
3739:
3734:
3728:
3724:
3723:
3715:
3712:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3674:Ralli, Angela
3669:
3666:
3661:
3655:
3651:
3650:
3642:
3639:
3633:
3626:
3622:
3617:
3614:
3608:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3469:Alfred Rahlfs
3466:
3465:
3460:
3459:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3368:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3351:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3302:
3300:
3299:philhellenism
3295:
3291:
3283:
3280:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3221:
3201:
3199:
3198:Homeric Greek
3195:
3191:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3162:boustrophedon
3159:
3155:
3142:
3130:
3125:
3123:
3118:
3116:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3101:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3036:
3030:
3028:
3022:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2835:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2580:
2577:
2571:
2565:
2559:
2553:
2547:
2541:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:reduplication
2429:Reduplication
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:, especially
2417:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2388:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2355:
2353:eu → ēu or eu
2352:
2350:au → ēu or au
2349:
2346:
2344:ei → ēi or ei
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2194:), and three
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2113:
2111:
2100:
2095:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2017:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1992:
1982:
1976:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1928:
1922:
1905:
1900:
1892:
1889:
1881:
1868:
1862:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1838:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1746:
1743:
1733:
1730:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1696:
1693:
1683:
1680:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1646:
1643:
1633:
1630:
1620:
1617:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1589:
1586:
1576:
1573:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1514:stress accent
1511:
1507:
1503:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1461:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1421:
1419:
1390:
1378:
1365:
1355:
1343:
1339:
1337:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1312:
1291:
1267:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1242:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1226:
1216:
1204:
1200:
1198:
1192:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1106:Indo-European
1103:
1098:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1081:Demotic Greek
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
983:
981:
977:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
956:
947:
944:
943:
942:
939:
933:Asiatic Ionic
932:
929:
926:
925:
924:
921:
919:
916:
915:
913:
908:
905:
902:
901:
900:
897:
893:
890:
887:
886:
884:
883:
872:
865:
861:
853:
852:
849:
846:
839:
838:Achaean Doric
831:
828:
820:
817:
809:
808:
805:
802:
801:
796:
795:Magna Graecia
792:
785:
770:
763:
755:
752:
744:
743:
740:
737:
731:
723:
720:
712:
711:
708:
705:
698:
697:Achaean Doric
690:
687:
679:
676:
668:
667:
664:
661:
660:
655:
651:
644:
635:
632:
628:
626:
622:
617:
615:
611:
602:
600:
598:
597:
592:
591:
586:
582:
581:Homeric Greek
577:
575:
571:
567:
566:Arcadocypriot
563:
559:
555:
551:
545:
537:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
516: 300 BC
510:
505:
503:
499:
495:
494:Western world
491:
487:
483:
478:
469:
458:
454:
443:
432:
428:
427:ancient world
424:
420:
415:
409:
398:
397:Ancient Greek
392:
391:
386:
383:Beginning of
381:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
354:
348:
343:
336:
331:
327:
323:
321:
320:
315:
310:
306:
303:
298:
293:
288:
285:
280:
275:
272:
269:
265:
259:
255:
251:
245:
237:
236:Ancient Greek
234:
233:
232:
229:
228:
227:
226:Indo-European
223:
219:
213:
210:
209:Mediterranean
206:
202:
197:
193:
187:
182:
179:
177:
165:
162:Ancient Greek
160:
157:
149:
146:
138:
127:
124:
120:
117:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
96: –
95:
91:
90:Find sources:
84:
80:
76:
70:
69:
64:This article
62:
58:
53:
52:
47:
40:
33:
19:
8731:
8722:
8713:
8705:
8704:
8695:
8686:
8451:Romanization
8301:Romano-Greek
8291:Mariupolitan
8239:
8229:Katharevousa
8227:
8220:
8077:(since 1453)
8075:Modern Greek
8035:
7972:Graeco-Aryan
7711:Dionysopolis
7681:Abonoteichos
7633:Pantikapaion
7223:Hybla Heraea
6833:
6559:Architecture
6515:Prostitution
6204:Aristophanes
6063:Philosophers
6033:Philosophers
5865:Spartan army
5596:(280–146 BC)
5584:(338–322 BC)
5578:(370–168 BC)
5566:(374–196 BC)
5560:(378–355 BC)
5542:(430–348 BC)
5536:(478–404 BC)
5530:(499–449 BC)
5217:Peloponnesus
5139:Roman Greece
4903:
4837:Online books
4827:
4809:
4802:
4795:
4788:
4781:
4770:
4762:
4744:
4734:
4721:
4711:
4704:
4697:
4691:
4676:
4660:the original
4656:www.akwn.net
4655:
4631:
4626:
4616:10 September
4614:. Retrieved
4600:
4588:. Retrieved
4579:
4570:
4551:
4547:
4538:
4533:
4521:. Retrieved
4501:
4489:. Retrieved
4475:
4463:. Retrieved
4449:
4430:
4411:
4399:. Retrieved
4390:
4379:
4367:. Retrieved
4355:
4343:
4335:
4331:
4326:
4318:
4313:
4305:
4301:
4296:
4288:
4284:
4278:
4253:
4242:
4209:
4201:
4174:
4169:
4161:
4156:
4148:
4143:
4118:(3–4): 243.
4115:
4111:
4101:
4075:
4067:
4059:
4054:
4035:
4029:
4009:
4002:
3992:
3985:
3966:
3960:
3941:
3920:. Retrieved
3901:
3867:
3861:
3849:. Retrieved
3829:
3825:
3812:
3792:
3785:
3777:
3772:
3760:. Retrieved
3751:
3741:
3721:
3714:
3702:. Retrieved
3685:
3681:
3668:
3648:
3641:
3616:
3584:Modern Greek
3554:Katharevousa
3486:
3482:
3477:front matter
3462:
3456:
3444:
3437:some volumes
3430:
3427:Jan Křesadlo
3424:
3392:
3376:universities
3369:
3355:
3303:
3287:
3284:In education
3266:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3253:
3232:exemplifies
3223:
3203:
3187:
3184:Sample texts
3144:
2846:
2583:
2581:
2536:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2443:
2432:
2424:
2409:
2401:
2386:
2379:προσ(-)βάλλω
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2359:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2312:
2297:
2267:imperfective
2244:
2230:) and three
2141:
2106:
1522:
1494:pitch accent
1474:Modern Greek
1471:
1432:
1415:
1376:
1341:
1333:
1314:
1313:): Sanskrit
1250:
1246:
1238:
1228:
1202:
1194:
1157:phonotactics
1150:
1130:Graeco-Aryan
1100:
1062:
1058:
1042:Cretan Doric
1038:
1023:
984:
978:
960:
957:
953:
899:Aeolic Group
870:
847:
816:Doric proper
803:
768:
738:
706:
675:Doric proper
662:
633:
629:
618:
606:
594:
588:
578:
547:
506:
490:philosophers
479:
396:
395:
388:
350:
317:
235:
198:, 440/439 BC
173:
156:
141:
135:January 2019
132:
122:
115:
108:
101:
89:
68:verification
65:
8688:Proto-Greek
8558:Place names
8432:Orthography
8241:Misthiotika
8235:Cappadocian
8049:Koine Greek
8030: 1600
8017: 2900
8010:Proto-Greek
7859:Place names
7771:Salmydessus
7593:Kalos Limen
7573:Chersonesus
7563:Borysthenes
7268:Tauromenion
7080:Metapontion
6842:Proto-Greek
6795:Erechtheion
6790:Athena Nike
6752:Philippeion
6581:Mathematics
6552:and science
6435:Agriculture
6299:Stesichorus
6209:Bacchylides
6199:Archilochus
6086:Antisthenes
6076:Anaximander
6048:Seven Sages
6038:Playwrights
6018:Geographers
6013:Astronomers
5840:Pezhetairos
5467: 1100
5447:Federations
5346:Megalopolis
5283:City states
5258:City states
4523:14 December
3560:Koine Greek
3332:Netherlands
3294:Renaissance
3234:Attic Greek
3174:punctuation
2573:, becoming
2511:Attic Greek
2454:indicative.
2395:αὐτο(-)μολῶ
2224:subjunctive
2198:(singular,
1797:Approximant
1518:Koine Greek
1073:Attic Greek
885:West Group
524:Attic Greek
520:Koine Greek
498:Renaissance
466:), and the
365:instead of
254:Proto-Greek
8752:Categories
8679:Since 1453
8468:Literature
8437:Diacritics
8180:Pamphylian
8171:Macedonian
8152:Northwest
8069: 330
8043: 800
7761:Polemonion
7638:Phanagoria
7608:Kimmerikon
7603:Kerkinitis
7588:Hermonassa
7578:Dioscurias
7474:Aspalathos
7421:Kalathousa
7396:Akra Leuke
7325:Phoenicusa
7110:Scylletium
7095:Poseidonia
7015:Brentesion
6902:Pamphylian
6897:Macedonian
6815:Samothrace
6800:Hephaestus
6747:Long Walls
6726:Structures
6667:Underworld
6613:Technology
6576:Literature
6510:Philosophy
6475:Euergetism
6364:By culture
6309:Thucydides
6151:Pythagoras
6146:Protagoras
6136:Parmenides
6121:Heraclitus
6106:Empedocles
6096:Democritus
6081:Anaximenes
6071:Anaxagoras
6023:Historians
5516: 595
5503: 550
5484: 800
5469: – c.
5397:Cappadocia
5202:Ionian Sea
5192:Hellespont
5157:Aegean Sea
4747:. London:
4556:Bloomsbury
4369:27 October
3922:8 November
3704:23 January
3688:(3): 964.
3634:References
3473:Septuagint
3395:gymnasiums
3277:See also:
3273:Modern use
3178:mixed case
2931:Diacritics
2410:Following
2308:indicative
2287:perfective
2279:pluperfect
2220:imperative
2216:indicative
2210:have four
2172:accusative
2160:nominative
2114:Morphology
1528:Consonants
1510:fricatives
1482:diphthongs
1375:, English
1340:, English
1257:), Greek *
1201:, English
1120:(see also
1054:Corinthian
995:Macedonian
974:Thessalian
906:Thessalian
585:epic poems
574:literature
496:since the
248:Early form
105:newspapers
8697:Mycenaean
8481:Byzantine
8458:Greeklish
8329:Phonology
8306:Tsakonian
8259:Himariote
8109:Mycenaean
8085:Varieties
8032:–1100 BC)
8019:–1600 BC)
7847:in Epirus
7796:Trapezous
7741:Mesambria
7726:Eupatoria
7696:Apollonia
7691:Anchialos
7653:Theodosia
7623:Nymphaion
7613:Myrmekion
7583:Gorgippia
7539:Black Sea
7524:Tragurion
7509:Nymphaion
7494:Epidauros
7489:Epidamnos
7479:Apollonia
7456:Zacynthos
7378:Ptolemais
7372:Apollonia
7345:Cyrenaica
7335:Therassía
7330:Strongyle
7310:Ereikousa
7233:Leontinoi
7173:Apollonia
7050:Hipponion
6847:Mycenaean
6810:Parthenon
6742:Lion Gate
6645:Mythology
6608:Sculpture
6571:Astronomy
6505:Pederasty
6480:Festivals
6465:Education
6345:Lawgivers
6314:Timocreon
6294:Sophocles
6289:Simonides
6264:Philocles
6259:Panyassis
6254:Mimnermus
6219:Herodotus
6214:Euripides
6184:Aeschylus
6131:Leucippus
6091:Aristotle
5870:Strategos
5736:Synedrion
5690:Ostracism
5670:Areopagus
5622:Free city
5417:Macedonia
5301:Byzantion
5207:Macedonia
5172:Cyrenaica
5149:Geography
5083:Geography
4134:215769896
3493:Latinized
3356:gymnasium
3327:gymnasium
3324:, in the
3172:, modern
2990:Ligatures
2515:laryngeal
2263:imperfect
2184:masculine
2178:), three
2004:Close-mid
1948:unrounded
1906:(written
1904:geminated
1850:allophone
1765:Fricative
1716:aspirated
1666:voiceless
1364:Mycenaean
1311:fortition
1279:), Attic
1255:rhotacism
1193:): Latin
1136:Phonology
507:From the
468:Classical
442:Dark Ages
408:Hellēnikḗ
319:Glottolog
302:ISO 639-3
284:ISO 639-2
196:Parthenon
176:Hellēnikḗ
75:talk page
8724:Medieval
8624:Ages of
8563:Proverbs
8402:Linear B
8344:teaching
8100:Central
8058:–AD 330)
8045:–300 BC)
7896:Category
7874:Theatres
7801:Tripolis
7736:Kerasous
7731:Heraclea
7663:Tyritake
7618:Nikonion
7529:Thronion
7451:Salauris
7406:Emporion
7363:Berenice
7353:Balagrae
7305:Euonymos
7278:Tyndaris
7263:Syracuse
7258:Selinous
7228:Kamarina
7183:Casmenae
7168:Akrillai
7085:Neápolis
7020:Caulonia
7001:Mainland
6932:Linear B
6927:Linear A
6857:Dialects
6834:Language
6628:Religion
6586:Medicine
6520:Religion
6485:Folklore
6470:Emporium
6445:Clothing
6440:Calendar
6324:Xenophon
6319:Tyrtaeus
6304:Theognis
6279:Polybius
6274:Plutarch
6249:Menander
6229:Hipponax
6156:Socrates
6111:Epicurus
5957:Diadochi
5855:Sciritae
5815:Hetairoi
5790:Ballista
5755:Military
5718:Gerousia
5708:Ekklesia
5675:Ecclesia
5657:Athenian
5605:Politics
5518:–279 BC)
5505:–366 BC)
5486:–389 BC)
5422:Pergamon
5392:Bithynia
5385:Kingdoms
5326:Pergamon
5268:Military
5263:Politics
5060:Timeline
4944:Archived
4913:Slavonic
4876:Alpheios
4751:, 2001.
4685:43297490
4638:, 2006).
4610:Archived
4584:Archived
4514:Archived
4485:Archived
4459:Archived
4438:Archived
4419:Archived
4395:Archived
4360:Archived
4250:(1996).
4234:54529041
4191:Archived
3916:Archived
3851:17 April
3842:Archived
3756:Archived
3698:Archived
3676:(2012).
3625:Linear B
3507:See also
3384:classics
3154:Linear B
3100:Category
3062:Albanian
3052:Bactrian
3009:Numerals
2570:seslēpha
2564:slambanō
2422:poetry.
2404:τομόλησα
2398:goes to
2338:u, ū → ū
2335:o, ō → ō
2332:i, ī → ī
2228:optative
2188:feminine
2176:vocative
2164:genitive
2129:Ostracon
2045:Open-mid
1543:Alveolar
1502:iotacism
1492:; and a
1455:/pʰtʰkʰ/
1431:, Latin
1373:/wérɡon/
1287:/ɡénoːs/
1277:/ɡéneos/
1237:, Latin
1172:γάλακτος
1118:Armenian
1110:Anatolia
1102:Phrygian
1046:Laconian
1019:Thessaly
966:Boeotian
945:Arcadian
930:Cycladic
909:Boeotian
593:and the
538:Dialects
470:period (
459:period (
425:and the
421:used in
402:Ἑλληνῐκή
371:Help:IPA
326:anci1242
231:Hellenic
207:Eastern
169:Ἑλληνική
8706:Ancient
8543:Exonyms
8476:Ancient
8442:Braille
8412:History
8371:Ancient
8364:Grammar
8336:Ancient
8311:Yevanic
8269:Italiot
8254:Cypriot
8222:Demotic
8166:Locrian
8161:Epirote
8156:Achaean
8136:Homeric
8093:Ancient
8002:Periods
7916:Outline
7869:Temples
7806:Zaliche
7786:Thèrmae
7776:Sesamus
7746:Odessos
7721:Cytorus
7716:Cotyora
7466:Illyria
7431:Mainake
7426:Kypsela
7315:Hycesia
7273:Thermae
7253:Segesta
7243:Messana
7198:Helorus
7178:Calacte
7158:Akragas
7120:Sybaris
7105:Rhegion
7060:Krimisa
7010:Alision
6919:Writing
6892:Locrian
6882:Epirote
6852:Homeric
6785:Artemis
6772:Temples
6713:Olympia
6683:Eleusis
6618:Theatre
6603:Pottery
6530:Warfare
6525:Slavery
6460:Economy
6455:Cuisine
6450:Coinage
6427:Society
6412:Culture
6407:Society
6355:Tyrants
6194:Alcaeus
6176:Authors
6126:Hypatia
6116:Gorgias
6053:Writers
5875:Toxotai
5845:Sarissa
5835:Peltast
5830:Phalanx
5810:Hoplite
5805:Hippeis
5728:Macedon
5700:Spartan
5685:Heliaia
5632:Proxeny
5341:Larissa
5336:Kerkyra
5331:Eretria
5321:Miletus
5316:Ephesus
5311:Corinth
5306:Chalcis
5227:Taurica
5097:Periods
5078:History
4929:Memrise
4863:at the
4590:12 July
3678:"Greek"
3501:species
3441:Asterix
3399:lyceums
3361:Germany
3346:Croatia
3336:Austria
3330:in the
3312:in the
3226:Apology
2903:Digamma
2859:Digamma
2838:History
2755:Upsilon
2693:Epsilon
2665:Omicron
2576:eilēpha
2558:lelēpha
2552:eilēpha
2540:lambanō
2525:h₃leh₃l
2356:ou → ou
2347:oi → ōi
2341:ai → ēi
2304:augment
2294:Augment
2255:present
2240:persons
2236:passive
2196:numbers
2180:genders
1955:rounded
1610:Plosive
1553:Glottal
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1397:became
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1026:Lesbian
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625:Dorians
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390:Odyssey
367:Unicode
340:Map of
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119:scholar
8733:Modern
8486:Modern
8340:accent
8296:Pontic
8286:Maniot
8249:Cretan
8213:Modern
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8071:–1453)
7906:Portal
7854:People
7842:Cities
7781:Sinope
7766:Rhizos
7756:Phasis
7706:Bathus
7701:Athina
7686:Amisos
7648:Tanais
7643:Pityus
7568:Charax
7519:Pharos
7514:Orikon
7411:Helike
7401:Alonis
7368:Cyrene
7300:Didyme
7213:Himera
7188:Catana
7150:Sicily
7140:Thurii
7135:Terina
7100:Pixous
7055:Hydrus
7030:Croton
6862:Aeolic
6780:Aphaea
6703:Dodona
6688:Delphi
6657:Temple
6333:Others
6284:Sappho
6269:Pindar
6244:Lucian
6239:Ibycus
6224:Hesiod
6161:Thales
5929:Rulers
5908:People
5885:Xyston
5880:Xiphos
5741:Koinon
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5637:Stasis
5627:Koinon
5427:Pontus
5402:Epirus
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5351:Thebes
5296:Athens
5222:Pontus
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5177:Cyprus
5162:Aeolis
4825:about
4755:
4683:
4562:
4558:2004,
4266:
4232:
4222:
4218:–231.
4177:, ed.
4132:
4088:
4042:
4017:
3973:
3948:
3908:
3874:
3800:
3762:22 May
3729:
3656:
3443:, and
3403:Greece
3254:
3057:Coptic
2801:Lambda
2555:(not *
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2416:poetry
2300:tenses
2271:aorist
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2202:, and
2192:neuter
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1923:Vowels
1616:voiced
1538:Labial
1506:glides
1486:double
1369:ϝέργον
1307:/(d)z/
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1272:γένεος
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1124:) and
1050:Sparta
1034:Lesbos
1030:Sappho
1009:was a
970:Pindar
871:
858:
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850:group:
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717:
715:
709:group:
695:
693:
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671:
665:group:
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568:, and
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204:Region
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114:
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100:
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8715:Koine
8626:Greek
8521:Other
8376:Koine
8350:Koine
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8148:Doric
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8122:East
7864:Stoae
7832:Lists
7751:Oinòe
7674:coast
7672:South
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7628:Olbia
7598:Kepoi
7551:coast
7549:North
7542:basin
7484:Aulon
7446:Rhode
7358:Barca
7248:Naxos
7203:Henna
7163:Akrai
7130:Taras
7115:Siris
7075:Medma
7070:Locri
7035:Cumae
7025:Chone
7003:Italy
6909:Koine
6887:Ionic
6877:Doric
6872:Attic
6693:Delos
6591:Music
6234:Homer
6189:Aesop
6141:Plato
6043:Poets
5713:Ephor
5665:Agora
5642:Tagus
5617:Boule
5366:Samos
5291:Argos
5197:Ionia
5182:Doris
5167:Crete
4681:JSTOR
4517:(PDF)
4510:(PDF)
4491:3 May
4465:3 May
4401:3 May
4363:(PDF)
4352:(PDF)
4130:S2CID
4084:–80.
3845:(PDF)
3822:(PDF)
3609:Notes
3407:Greek
3380:Latin
3338:, in
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3290:Latin
3268:true.
3230:Plato
3194:Iliad
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3034:(900)
2914:Sampi
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2827:Omega
2783:Kappa
2747:Theta
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2675:Delta
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2621:Alpha
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2208:Verbs
2156:cases
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2133:Cimon
1963:Close
1933:Front
1823:Trill
1560:Nasal
1548:Velar
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1412:/pôː/
1382:ἔργον
1347:ζυγός
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1249:>
1161:/nsr/
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7558:Akra
7499:Issa
7193:Gela
7065:Laüs
7040:Elea
6698:Dion
6550:Arts
6540:Wine
6166:Zeno
5763:Wars
4753:ISBN
4618:2018
4592:2011
4560:ISBN
4525:2018
4493:2015
4467:2015
4403:2015
4371:2010
4264:ISBN
4230:OCLC
4220:ISBN
4086:ISBN
4040:ISBN
4015:ISBN
3971:ISBN
3946:ISBN
3924:2020
3906:ISBN
3872:ISBN
3853:2021
3798:ISBN
3764:2019
3727:ISBN
3706:2021
3654:ISBN
3397:and
3308:and
3026:(90)
2898:Tsan
2867:Heta
2765:Iota
2711:Zeta
2639:Beta
2529:olōl
2507:edēd
2499:olōl
2491:anēn
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2420:epic
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2080:Open
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1356:PIE
1342:yoke
1292:PIE
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1179:PIE
1166:γάλα
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4927:on
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4216:226
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3320:in
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3244:.)
3238:IPA
3228:by
3192:'s
3018:(6)
2877:San
2809:Psi
2791:Chi
2773:Phi
2737:Tau
2729:Eta
2715:Σσς
2701:Rho
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2521:h₃l
2473:or
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2206:).
1894:/r/
1884:/h/
1880:eta
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3032:ϡ
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2805:Ψψ
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2769:Φφ
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2166:,
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2099:aː
2072:ɔː
2057:ɛː
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