620:). Ažbe discouraged beginners from focusing on minor details, instead of forcing them to build the image around one bold "Main Line". He enforced drawing in black charcoal that enabled quick and radical corrections of the students' work. Dobuzhinsky admitted that these intrusions into his early work were an eye-opener, "an excellent tool against dilettante, myopic copying of reality..." although for many students it spelled their end as painters: overwhelmed by the "Main Line", they did not dare to step over it and "beef it up" with relevant details.
585:
524:
191:
407:
20:
2137:
2589:
627:, in its most practical application, portrait, stipulated that a human head is simply a sphere; reproducing lighting of a human head follows the same rules as reproducing a plaster ball. Facial features in this system are merely protrusions and cavities of the ball's surface. Once the student mastered these basics, Ažbe carefully led him to a different interpretation, that of a head as a
310:
genius. The free-of-charge training should last no less than eight years. For this purpose, said Ažbe, Wolf entrusted Ažbe with the "secret" of his art. It is not clear how much of the "Wolf's myth" is real; the "great
Slovene painter" did not emerge, and Ažbe complained that all Slovene students, apart from faithful
534:
Loyal students Igor Grabar and Dmitry
Kardovsky noted portraits by Ažbe for his "superb drawing" marred by dry, if not dull, paint technique. Modern critics divide over Ažbe's significance as a painter, not in the least because his surviving undisputed legacy is limited to twenty-six works. Eleven of
497:
Ažbe never had a proper home, sleeping on an untidy sofa in a workshop filled with his students' paintings. He always painted in his studio and never ventured into open-air painting. Ažbe frequently spoke of his planned future masterpieces, none of which moved past the sketch stage. He left Munich
426:
Modern understanding of Ažbe's personality is based on the interpretation of biased and conflicting statements made by his alumni. Ažbe never wrote for the public and never attempted to formulate his own teaching methods on paper. His letters to Alois were destroyed according to the family's will;
309:
Wolf died in bitter poverty in 1884; later, Ažbe frequently spoke that shortly before death (rendered by Ažbe in chilling detail), Wolf dictated to him his last will – that he, Ažbe, must train a successor of Wolf's art, an ethnic
Slovene who would surpass his seniors and strike the world with his
670:
Painting in colour was a distant target that required prerequisite mastery of line, shape and anatomy. All memoirists noted Ažbe's aversion to mixing paints on a palette; instead, he recommended painting with raw paints and wide brushes. A wide brush covered with layers of different paints could,
662:
Kandinsky, in his mature years, stayed aside from portraiture or nude figures, and his few rare examples were "featureless, weightless and transparent, a mere cipher without substance" – an opposite of Ažbe's own intentions. Yet, Kandinsky also appreciated Ažbe's view that no theory and no set of
654:
sessions: "I quickly encountered a constraint upon my freedom that turned me into a slave, even only temporarily in a new guise – studying from a model. Two or three models 'sat for heads' or 'posed nude'. Students of both sexes and from various countries thronged around these smelly, apathetic,
321:
offered Ažbe the informal job of examining and correcting the students' paintings. The seven clients rented a study room and paid Ažbe for fixing their homework. Two months later, an inflow of new clients allowed Ažbe to rent his own premises, thus starting the Ažbe School. After a brief stay on
387:(1952): "Nobody ever saw his paintings. Nobody knew if he ever painted at all. Nobody knew his past. One chilly December night, intoxicated with cognac, he fell asleep in the snow. He was found dead in the morning. Nobody knew where he had come from." A similar story was retold by
514:
was completely alien to Ažbe, who never hesitated offering free tuition to students in need and lending them cash. An obituary noted that "he was a man of almost proverbial modesty... one of the most original and best-known personalities of Munich."
458:
noted that his wide forehead was covered with a web of red pulsing veins; the rest of the face was uniformly red, as if in a fever; at the age of 33 Ažbe seemed to be at least forty years old. He groomed his long chestnut moustache to the style of
502:
in 1897; otherwise, his life revolved between the school and local pubs. Their owners regularly allowed a drunken Ažbe to sleep on their premises. With age he became more and more sedentary and replaced his daily walkouts with a circle ride on a
368:
and by the spring of 1905, he could hardly swallow food. Matej
Sternen noted that the feeling of near death was obvious to all witnesses. Ažbe agreed to a surgery that passed without immediate complications, but on 5 or 6 August 1905, Ažbe died.
434:
bond between him and Kathi Kobus, owner of the Simpli pub, but they both took the secret of this relationship to their graves. According to
Sternen, he was consumed by a mysterious personality split that drove him into
301:
scenes to wholesale dealers. Half of Ažbe's surviving legacy dates back to the Munich
Academy years; by the end of this period, he was recognized as a professional portrait painter and was regularly exhibited in the
231:
at the age of forty when the boys were seven years old. Their mother lapsed into severe mental distress (there is unreliable evidence that she later committed suicide) and the boys were placed into
671:
according to Ažbe, paint a human forehead in a single powerful stroke, a skill that required years of rigorous, sometimes exhausting, training. Ažbe frequently compared a proper oil painting to a
646:. Igor Grabar, who approved this approach, recalled that in the process he memorized all human muscles and bones by heart to the point where he easily reproduced them in plaster with closed eyes.
550:
and its successor states. Baranovsky and
Khlebnikova noted that by the end of the twentieth century, Ažbe the creator has become a myth, just like Ažbe the person became a legend after his death.
2760:
510:
Ažbe maintained ties with brother Alois but eventually severed all contacts after Alois' savvy wife reprimanded Anton for wasting too many matches lighting his cigars. The housewife's
235:. By this time, it was evident that while Alois developed normally, Anton suffered serious congenital health problems: he lagged in physical growth, his legs were weak, and his
174:, Ažbe protected his personal secrets till the end, a mystery even to his students and fellow teachers. The public transformed the circumstances of his untimely death from
1708:
543:, has been irreversibly damaged by a botched restoration. Photographs and memoirs testify to the existence of his other works, now lost or hidden in private collections.
576:
who reasoned that any parallels between Ažbe and Cézanne are moot because Ažbe never mastered Cézanne's technique and there is no evidence that he ever attempted it.
535:
these are early paintings and classroom studies from his college years. Only four paintings, dated from 1890 to 1903, can be considered mature art influenced by the
281:, where Anton studied for two years. He was dissatisfied with outdated, uninspiring Viennese training and barely made passing grades. In 1884, he relocated to the
262:
who handled numerous church mural commissions. Little is known about Ažbe's experience with Wolf, apart from the facts that in 1880, Ažbe assisted Wolf with the
683:, Dobuzhinsky (who never mastered the power stroke) called it "an artful magicians' trick... colourful but greasy painting devoid of its essence, the 'tone'."
2770:
1398:
Shulamith Behr, p. 133, notes that "slavery" perceived by
Kandinsky was "an ironic inversion of an academic artist's mastery or control over the human body".
1439:
Russian: "этот ловкий приём казался мне фокусническим трюком... красочная и жирная живопись, лишённая главного – тона." – Baranovsky and
Khlebnikova, p. 50.
2775:
427:
the rest of his archive contained only business papers. The only evidence of Ažbe's own handwriting is limited to three postcards and a letter to
Sternen.
679:
of colour", only in the middle of the 1890s. While Igor Grabar praised this style and elevated it to a level of a whole system developing in parallel to
2795:
1831:
1796:
2780:
2220:
2136:
1717:
341:
The school was never short of students, with a normal complement reaching 80. The total number of Ažbe alumni stands at around 150. Some, notably
2653:
2790:
2755:
2750:
430:
It is not known if Ažbe ever had a personal life; he himself mentioned that he was engaged twice, and both marriage attempts failed. There was
1701:
470:
The oddly shaped and expensively (if not tastelessly) dressed schoolmaster, slowly walking with a cane and always smoking, became a target of
1680:
1664:
1597:
1572:
1527:
1502:
271:
2588:
1816:
1731:
285:, then a "liberal" and "modern" school as opposed to the conservative Viennese Academy. There, he made a superb impression on his teachers,
2745:
338:
in July 1944). Later, Ažbe rented another building for the school classes and moved into his private workshop (also in Georgenstrasse).
1936:
1926:
1756:
2628:
924:
Baranovsky and Khlebnikova provide 42 biographical entries for the Russian alumni of Ažbe school and 42 entries for their own trainees
2006:
1921:
1891:
1826:
1672:
1656:
1634:
1619:
1589:
1564:
1547:
1519:
1494:
1473:
939:"(DOC) Kiril Kutlik i počeci moderne umetnosti u Srbiji/Cyril Kutlík and Early Modernism in Serbia | Jasna M Jovanov - Academia.edu"
37:
painter and teacher of painting. Ažbe, crippled since birth and orphaned at the age of eight, learned painting as an apprentice to
2493:
1976:
1886:
1876:
1776:
1694:
349:, attended the school for nearly a decade. Ažbe remained the sole instructor, except for a brief period in 1899–1900 when he hired
2046:
2785:
1821:
2648:
2041:
1991:
1896:
1351:
Russian: "это был отличный приём против дилетантского и близорукого копирования натуры..." – Baranovsky and Khlebnikova, p. 47.
143:
Ažbe's own undisputed artistic legacy is limited to twenty-six graphic works, including classroom studies, most of them at the
2122:
1781:
2508:
2229:
2101:
2096:
1931:
793:
118:
243:
reasoned that Anton was not fit for farm work; after completing an elementary school, he sent Anton to "study commerce" in
2765:
2658:
2498:
2483:
2213:
1856:
546:
Lack of hard evidence prompted conflicts among historians and critics, further aggravated by the politics of the former
144:
675:: raw paints must retain their independence, like the facets of a gem. Ažbe himself adopted this style, later called "
282:
278:
2663:
2151:
2574:
2156:
1996:
810:
804:
471:
460:
388:
2333:
439:
and slovenly appearance. Likewise, Kandinsky wrote that Ažbe's apparently unremarkable life was itself a mystery.
2488:
2438:
608:) of Ažbe training system agree that it relied, at least in the beginners' classes, on two paramount ideas: the
354:
2428:
2283:
2026:
450:
described him as having unusually short and weak legs, with a twisted upper spine. His head combined a large
140:
and school and by Russian artists both at home (Grabar, Kardovsky) and in emigration (Bilibin, Dobuzhinsky).
2463:
2413:
2318:
2206:
2161:
1465:
844:
663:
rules should subdue the artist's will, and quoted Ažbe: "You must know your own anatomy but in front of an
314:, were leaving the school too early, preferring absolute freedom to the benefits of professional training.
2373:
2368:
490:("namely", "that is...") and was called "Professor Nähmlich". He normally spoke German in Munich but used
2618:
880:
783:
767:
102:
2638:
2278:
2268:
731:
659:
an hour... the people who were of no concern to them... they spent not one second thinking about art."
584:
346:
2518:
2513:
2348:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2273:
788:
749:
523:
114:
53:
that became a popular attraction for Eastern European students. Ažbe trained the "big four" Slovenian
2740:
2735:
2608:
2468:
816:
778:
719:
605:
463:. He always wore black, and of the best make; in winter his attire was complete with a tall oriental
342:
290:
110:
78:
190:
2633:
2548:
1257:
828:
755:
323:
303:
94:
2673:
553:
447:
406:
2643:
2623:
2478:
1916:
898:
822:
573:
491:
294:
255:
129:
38:
19:
638:
Ažbe, himself a master of human anatomy, enforced rigorous training in this subject, from nude
557:
1961:
1841:
1806:
1676:
1668:
1660:
1652:
1630:
1615:
1593:
1585:
1568:
1560:
1543:
1523:
1515:
1498:
1490:
1469:
874:
773:
743:
695:
647:
597:
335:
318:
259:
106:
86:
58:
2709:
1941:
886:
850:
838:
725:
536:
361:, recognized the Ažbe School and recommended it as a preparatory, or "refreshment", course.
358:
327:
250:
After five years of living and working at a grocery store, Ažbe ran away from Klagenfurt to
236:
90:
2288:
676:
483:
464:
267:
220:
2553:
2503:
2443:
2323:
1851:
1766:
1260:
and the Burliuk brothers were admitted free-of-charge -Baranovsky and Khlebnikova, p. 19.
569:
155:, he "never came into his own as an artist". His enigmatic personality blended together
2363:
2243:
2117:
1981:
1871:
902:
862:
701:
651:
639:
593:
561:
436:
380:
240:
216:
122:
34:
1686:
631:
composed of flat surfaces and sharp ridges – in Dobuzhinsky's opinion, a precursor to
2729:
2699:
2694:
2523:
2473:
2036:
1836:
1801:
856:
834:
761:
680:
565:
451:
365:
311:
286:
164:
160:
66:
54:
2328:
1761:
2603:
2031:
1971:
1956:
1881:
1846:
1811:
868:
798:
376:
228:
179:
133:
74:
2714:
2187:
2076:
1901:
1791:
1786:
212:
1580:
1555:
1510:
1485:
2704:
1946:
1533:
737:
713:
707:
455:
415:
395:
350:
232:
168:
148:
82:
70:
62:
1627:
Im Vorfeld des Expressionismus. Anton Azbe und die Malerei in München und Paris
655:
expressionless, characterless natural phenomena who were paid fifty to seventy
486:). Ažbe's own German was not perfect either; he, particularly, abused the word
2543:
2453:
2448:
2398:
2378:
2358:
2338:
2198:
2182:
2086:
1911:
1751:
1538:
960:
Only three works are on permanent display – Baranovsky and Khlebnikova, p. 36.
628:
547:
244:
156:
152:
2668:
394:
The school of Anton Ažbe survived its founder and existed until the onset of
2408:
2388:
2011:
906:
894:
511:
373:
331:
251:
171:
2528:
2433:
2423:
2418:
2051:
1951:
422:
has been lost (its existence attested by a single photograph made in 1902).
1481:
Veiling Venus: gender and painterly abstractions in early German modernism
568:, and considered Ažbe to be a forerunner of modernist art, a link between
353:
as an assistant. Long-established competitors, the Munich Academy and the
2533:
2458:
2298:
2263:
2091:
2071:
2061:
2021:
2001:
1986:
1906:
1866:
1861:
1746:
443:
224:
208:
31:
372:
The public had transformed a sad but ordinary and expected event into a
167:
in private, and eccentric behaviour in public. A public scarecrow and a
2613:
2403:
2383:
2293:
2258:
2081:
2056:
2016:
672:
656:
643:
589:
560:(1979) have extensively studied Ažbe's relationships with the emerging
293:, and earned a free scholarship. To make a living, Ažbe teamed up with
137:
2558:
2538:
2066:
1966:
1771:
632:
499:
298:
263:
175:
98:
50:
46:
42:
938:
572:
and Kandinsky. Both studies, in particular Weiss', were rejected by
2393:
2353:
2343:
1278:
Russian: "великолепно построенная и нарисованная голова" - Grabar.
664:
522:
405:
189:
18:
1556:
Wo die Geister wandern: Literarische Spaziergänge durch Schwabing
1542:(Автомонография) (in Russian). 2001 edition: Respublika, Moscow.
1143:
Citing Russian translation in Baranovsky and Khlebnikova, p. 19.
504:
204:
2202:
1690:
49:. At the age of 30, Ažbe founded his own school of painting in
893:
After the death of Anton Ažbe, the school trained a group of
474:
and cartoonists. Boys taunted him on the streets, shouting
1460:
Victor Baranovsky, Irina Khlebnikova (2001) (in Russian).
383:, who studied with Ažbe in 1904, reproduced the legend in
207:
Alois and Anton Ažbe were born in a peasant family in the
277:
In the same year, Wolf helped Ažbe with admission to the
1629:. Wiesbaden: Verlag des Institutes für Bildende Kunst.
446:
but still a man of a very short and irregular stature.
1483:, in: Katie Scott, Caroline Arscott (editors) (2000).
326:, the school relocated to its permanent base at 16,
2761:
People from the Municipality of Gorenja Vas-Poljane
2682:
2596:
2567:
2251:
2236:
2170:
2144:
2110:
1739:
1724:
1649:
Kandinsky in Munich: the formative Jugendstil years
1448:Years as in Baranovsky and Khlebnikova pp. 91–206.
128:Ažbe's training methods were adopted by Beta and
1612:Wege zur Moderne und die Ažbe-Schule in München
1511:Schönberg and Kandinsky: an historic encounter
932:
930:
691:In chronological order, by year of admission:
297:, selling classroom works and run-of-the-mill
2214:
1702:
8:
2654:St. Mary of the Immaculate Conception Church
364:In 1904, Ažbe, a lifelong smoker, developed
270:church and, in 1882, with the facade of the
254:. At some point in the late 1870s, he met
73:), a whole generation of Russian painters (
2248:
2221:
2207:
2199:
1736:
1709:
1695:
1687:
1486:Manifestations of Venus: art and sexuality
1380:, 1913, as cited by Shulamith Behr, p.133.
258:, a Slovenian painter associated with the
592:(an 1886 class study pictured), enforced
539:. The largest and most complex of these,
334:(the building was destroyed by an allied
30:(30 May 1862 – 5 or 6 August 1905) was a
604:Supporters (Igor Grabar) and opponents (
583:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1407:As cited in English in Boehmer, p. 209.
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1227:
1225:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1079:
1077:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1039:
1037:
1035:
917:
596:studies that were bitterly resented by
454:with a disproportionately narrow face.
1610:Katarina Ambrožič (1988) (in German).
1319:Baranovsky and Khlebnikova, pp. 54-56.
1310:Baranovsky and Khlebnikova, pp. 23–24.
1269:As cited, in English, by Selz, p. 176.
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1009:
1007:
1005:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
1215:
1213:
1211:
977:
975:
272:Franciscan Church of the Annunciation
151:never materialized and, according to
7:
2771:Academy of Fine Arts, Munich alumni
1718:Municipality of Gorenja Vas–Poljane
1640:Marijan Tršar (1991) (in Slovene).
1553:Dirk Heisserer (2008) (in German).
478:(incorrectly pronouncing Slovenian
413:, the last known work by Ažbe. His
2776:Academy of Fine Arts Vienna alumni
1625:Bernd Fäthke (1988) (in German).
1584:. University of California Press.
1430:Baranovsky and Khlebnikova, p. 49.
1421:Baranovsky and Khlebnikova, p. 48.
1367:Baranovsky and Khlebnikova, p. 47.
1342:Baranovsky and Khlebnikova, p. 46.
1328:Baranovsky and Khlebnikova, p. 58.
1301:Baranovsky and Khlebnikova, p. 27.
1292:Baranovsky and Khlebnikova, p. 22.
1231:Baranovsky and Khlebnikova, p. 16.
1205:Baranovsky and Khlebnikova, p. 39.
1196:Baranovsky and Khlebnikova, p. 18.
1174:Baranovsky and Khlebnikova, p. 23.
1152:Baranovsky and Khlebnikova, p. 91.
1125:Baranovsky and Khlebnikova, p. 19.
1101:Baranovsky and Khlebnikova, p. 43.
1092:Baranovsky and Khlebnikova, p. 38.
1083:Baranovsky and Khlebnikova, p. 37.
1071:Baranovsky and Khlebnikova, p. 15.
1043:Baranovsky and Khlebnikova, p. 13.
1029:Baranovsky and Khlebnikova, p. 14.
1013:Baranovsky and Khlebnikova, p. 12.
999:Baranovsky and Khlebnikova, p. 11.
163:, bitter loneliness, minimalistic
14:
1464:(Антон Ажбе и художники России).
981:Baranovsky and Khlebnikova, p. 8.
951:Baranovsky and Khlebnikova, p. 9.
227:). Their father died of familial
2796:Expatriates in the German Empire
2587:
2135:
588:Ažbe, himself a master of human
2781:19th-century Slovenian painters
1489:. Manchester University Press.
2494:Sveti Florijan nad Škofjo Loko
1651:. Princeton University Press.
1462:Anton Ažbe i hudozhniki Rossii
1244:in his autobiographic fiction
1240:Leonhard Frank used the alias
283:Academy of Fine Arts in Munich
279:Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna
1:
2791:Painters from Austria-Hungary
2756:Deaths from esophageal cancer
2751:Deaths from cancer in Germany
1581:German expressionist painting
195:
145:National Gallery of Slovenia
2230:Municipality of Škofja Loka
2102:Žirovski Vrh Svetega Urbana
2097:Žirovski Vrh Svetega Antona
1614:. Recklinghausen: Bongers.
650:, on the contrary, dreaded
442:Physically, Ažbe was not a
23:Anton Ažbe, 1904 photograph
16:Slovene painter (1862–1905)
2812:
2746:Slovenian realist painters
2157:St. Martin's Parish Church
1644:. Ljubljana: Založba Park.
1578:Peter Howard Selz (1974).
805:Olga Della-Vos-Kardovskaya
2649:Škofja Loka Parish Church
2585:
2133:
1857:Hobovše pri Stari Oselici
1514:. Taylor & Francos.
355:Imperial Academy of Arts
41:and at the Academies in
2786:Slovenian male painters
1997:Poljane nad Škofjo Loko
1508:Konrad Boehmer (1997).
1479:Shulamith Behr (2000).
1466:Moscow State University
1389:Shulamith Behr, p. 133.
845:Karl Friedrich Lippmann
113:, Borivoje Stevanović,
2162:Vlastja Simonič Museum
1246:Links, wo das Herz ist
601:
531:
423:
385:Links, wo das Herz ist
201:
24:
2429:Rovte v Selški Dolini
2279:Bukov Vrh nad Visokim
2269:Breznica pod Lubnikom
2241:Administrative seat:
1729:Administrative seat:
732:Marianne von Werefkin
667:you must forget it".
587:
526:
494:in a Slavic company.
409:
347:Marianne von Werefkin
345:, Matej Sternen, and
193:
22:
2766:Painters from Munich
817:Mstislav Dobuzhinsky
720:Alexej von Jawlensky
606:Mstislav Dobuzhinsky
498:only once, visiting
343:Alexej von Jawlensky
147:. His long-planned
132:when they took over
79:Mstislav Dobuzhinsky
2549:Visoko pri Poljanah
2374:Log nad Škofjo Loko
2027:Srednja Vas–Poljane
1258:Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin
881:Konstantin Dydyshko
829:Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin
784:Borivoje Stevanović
317:In 1892, Vesel and
121:or a Czech painter
95:Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin
2639:Škofja Loka Castle
2629:Križna Gora Church
2479:Svetega Petra Hrib
2334:Gorenja Vas–Reteče
1917:Krnice pri Novakih
1647:Peg Weiss (1979).
1242:Professor Nähmlich
1219:Grabar, chapter 6.
937:Jovanov, Jasna M.
899:Johannes Greenberg
823:Oleksandr Murashko
602:
532:
492:Slovenian language
424:
239:was deformed. His
202:
97:, to name a few),
25:
2723:
2722:
2659:Stara Loka Church
2583:
2582:
2196:
2195:
2152:Holy Cross Church
2131:
2130:
1681:978-0-691-00374-0
1665:978-0-691-03934-3
1598:978-0-520-02515-8
1573:978-3-406-56835-0
1528:978-90-5702-046-9
1503:978-0-7190-5522-5
1134:Heisserer, p. 189
811:Mikhail Shemyakin
794:Milan Milovanović
779:Ljubomir Ivanović
750:Yelena Makovskaya
744:Wassily Kandinsky
648:Wassily Kandinsky
598:Wassily Kandinsky
580:Ažbe as a teacher
541:The Village Choir
528:The Village Choir
519:Ažbe as a creator
389:Mikhail Shemyakin
291:Ludwig von Löfftz
260:Nazarene movement
119:Milan Milovanović
111:Ljubomir Ivanović
87:Wassily Kandinsky
2803:
2591:
2249:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2200:
2139:
1737:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1688:
1449:
1446:
1440:
1437:
1431:
1428:
1422:
1419:
1408:
1405:
1399:
1396:
1390:
1387:
1381:
1374:
1368:
1365:
1352:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1329:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1311:
1308:
1302:
1299:
1293:
1290:
1279:
1276:
1270:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1238:
1232:
1229:
1220:
1217:
1206:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1175:
1172:
1153:
1150:
1144:
1141:
1135:
1132:
1126:
1123:
1102:
1099:
1093:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1072:
1069:
1044:
1041:
1030:
1027:
1014:
1011:
1000:
997:
982:
979:
970:
967:
961:
958:
952:
949:
943:
942:
934:
925:
922:
887:Abraham Manevich
839:Vladimir Burliuk
768:Nadežda Petrović
726:Dmitry Kardovsky
537:Munich Secession
359:Saint Petersburg
200:
197:
103:Nadežda Petrović
91:Dmitry Kardovsky
2811:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2678:
2609:Capuchin Bridge
2592:
2579:
2563:
2247:
2232:
2227:
2197:
2192:
2166:
2140:
2127:
2106:
1832:Gorenja Dobrava
1797:Dolenja Dobrava
1735:
1720:
1715:
1667:(1985 edition:
1607:
1605:Further reading
1457:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1256:
1252:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1223:
1218:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1178:
1173:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1075:
1070:
1047:
1042:
1033:
1028:
1017:
1012:
1003:
998:
985:
980:
973:
968:
964:
959:
955:
950:
946:
936:
935:
928:
923:
919:
915:
789:Kosta Miličević
689:
677:crystallization
582:
521:
476:"Atzpe! Atzpe!"
404:
268:Zagorje ob Savi
221:Austrian Empire
198:
194:Self-portrait,
188:
130:Rista Vukanović
115:Kosta Miličević
17:
12:
11:
5:
2809:
2807:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2728:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2686:
2684:
2683:Notable people
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2614:Crngrob Church
2611:
2606:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2255:
2253:
2240:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2203:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2174:
2172:
2171:Notable people
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2118:Sestranska Vas
2114:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1982:Podjelovo Brdo
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1962:Mlaka nad Lušo
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1842:Gorenja Žetina
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1807:Dolenja Žetina
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1743:
1741:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1706:
1699:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1645:
1638:
1623:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1576:
1551:
1539:Avtomonografia
1531:
1506:
1477:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1441:
1432:
1423:
1409:
1400:
1391:
1382:
1369:
1353:
1344:
1330:
1321:
1312:
1303:
1294:
1280:
1271:
1262:
1250:
1233:
1221:
1207:
1198:
1176:
1154:
1145:
1136:
1127:
1103:
1094:
1085:
1073:
1045:
1031:
1015:
1001:
983:
971:
962:
953:
944:
926:
916:
914:
911:
903:Anton Starkopf
891:
890:
884:
878:
872:
866:
863:Leonhard Frank
860:
854:
848:
842:
832:
826:
820:
814:
808:
802:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
774:Beta Vukanović
771:
765:
759:
753:
747:
741:
735:
729:
723:
717:
711:
705:
699:
696:Rihard Jakopič
688:
687:Notable alumni
685:
652:figure drawing
640:figure drawing
625:Ball Principle
614:Ball Principle
594:figure drawing
581:
578:
562:avantgarde art
520:
517:
437:binge drinking
403:
400:
381:Leonhard Frank
328:Georgenstrasse
319:Rihard Jakopič
274:in Ljubljana.
241:legal guardian
187:
184:
107:Beta Vukanović
59:Rihard Jakopič
55:impressionists
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2808:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2710:Lovrenc Košir
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2700:Tine Debeljak
2698:
2696:
2695:Andrej Glavan
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2634:Puštal Castle
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2590:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2524:Valterski Vrh
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2474:Sveta Barbara
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2224:
2219:
2217:
2212:
2210:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2037:Stara Oselica
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1942:Lom nad Volčo
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1837:Gorenja Ravan
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1802:Dolenja Ravan
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1712:
1707:
1705:
1700:
1698:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1673:0-691-00374-2
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1657:0-691-03934-8
1654:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1635:3-926899-01-8
1632:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1620:3-7647-0388-1
1617:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1590:0-520-02515-6
1587:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1565:3-406-56835-1
1562:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1549:
1548:5-250-01789-4
1545:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1520:90-5702-046-7
1517:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1495:0-7190-5522-9
1492:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1474:961-90936-0-7
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1445:
1442:
1436:
1433:
1427:
1424:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1401:
1395:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1378:Reminiscences
1373:
1370:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1348:
1345:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1316:
1313:
1307:
1304:
1298:
1295:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1237:
1234:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1202:
1199:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1131:
1128:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1098:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1002:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
984:
978:
976:
972:
966:
963:
957:
954:
948:
945:
940:
933:
931:
927:
921:
918:
912:
910:
908:
904:
900:
896:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
857:Hakob Kojoyan
855:
852:
851:Eugeniusz Żak
849:
846:
843:
840:
836:
835:David Burliuk
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
762:Matej Sternen
760:
757:
756:Pavel Shmarov
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
693:
692:
686:
684:
682:
681:impressionism
678:
674:
668:
666:
660:
658:
653:
649:
645:
642:to attending
641:
636:
634:
630:
626:
621:
619:
615:
611:
607:
599:
595:
591:
586:
579:
577:
575:
571:
567:
566:impressionism
563:
559:
555:
551:
549:
544:
542:
538:
530:, around 1900
529:
525:
518:
516:
513:
508:
506:
501:
495:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
468:
466:
462:
457:
453:
449:
445:
440:
438:
433:
428:
421:
418:
417:
412:
408:
401:
399:
397:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
375:
370:
367:
366:throat cancer
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
324:Türkenstrasse
320:
315:
313:
312:Matej Sternen
307:
305:
300:
296:
292:
288:
287:Gabriel Hackl
284:
280:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
248:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
192:
185:
183:
181:
177:
173:
170:
166:
165:simple living
162:
161:chain smoking
158:
154:
150:
146:
141:
139:
135:
131:
126:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
67:Matej Sternen
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
33:
29:
21:
2689:
2674:Visoko Manor
2604:Ajman Castle
2554:Zgornja Luša
2504:Sveti Ožbolt
2499:Sveti Lenart
2484:Sveti Andrej
2444:Spodnja Luša
2324:Gabrška Gora
2242:
2177:
2032:Srednje Brdo
1972:Nova Oselica
1957:Malenski Vrh
1882:Javorjev Dol
1852:Hlavče Njive
1847:Gorenje Brdo
1812:Dolenje Brdo
1767:Četena Ravan
1730:
1648:
1641:
1626:
1611:
1579:
1559:. C.H.Beck.
1554:
1537:
1509:
1484:
1480:
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1444:
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1394:
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1201:
1148:
1139:
1130:
1097:
1088:
969:Selz, p. 176
965:
956:
947:
920:
892:
869:Oskar Herman
799:Ivan Bilibin
690:
669:
661:
637:
624:
622:
618:Kugelprinzip
617:
613:
609:
603:
554:Frantz Stele
552:
545:
540:
533:
527:
509:
496:
487:
479:
475:
469:
448:Niko Zupanič
441:
431:
429:
425:
419:
414:
410:
393:
384:
377:urban legend
374:melodramatic
371:
363:
340:
316:
308:
276:
249:
229:tuberculosis
203:
180:urban legend
149:masterpieces
142:
134:Kiril Kutlik
127:
75:Ivan Bilibin
27:
26:
2741:1905 deaths
2736:1862 births
2705:Janez Kalan
2664:Suha Church
2624:Homan House
2509:Sveti Tomaž
2364:Križna Gora
2244:Škofja Loka
2237:Settlements
1947:Lovsko Brdo
1872:Jarčje Brdo
1817:Dolge Njive
1732:Gorenja Vas
1725:Settlements
1534:Igor Grabar
1376:Kandinsky,
875:Josip Račić
859:(1903–1905)
853:(1903–1904)
847:(1903–1906)
819:(1899–1901)
813:(1900–1902)
807:(1899–1900)
770:(1898–1901)
764:(1897–1905)
758:(1897–1898)
752:(1897–1899)
746:(1897–1899)
738:Matija Jama
734:(1896–1905)
728:(1896–1900)
722:(1896–1905)
716:(1896–1901)
714:Igor Grabar
708:Ivan Grohar
704:(1895–1904)
702:Ludvík Kuba
574:Tomaž Brejc
564:and mature
556:(1962) and
465:karakul hat
456:Igor Grabar
416:opus magnum
402:Personality
396:World War I
351:Igor Grabar
295:Ferdo Vesel
233:foster care
217:Škofja Loka
211:village of
199: 1886
123:Ludvik Kuba
83:Igor Grabar
71:Matija Jama
63:Ivan Grohar
2730:Categories
2690:Anton Ažbe
2575:Stari Dvor
2454:Stara Loka
2399:Podpulfrca
2359:Kovski Vrh
2289:Bukovščica
2183:Ivan Regen
2178:Anton Ažbe
2087:Zakobiljek
1912:Krivo Brdo
1752:Brebovnica
1642:Anton Ažbe
913:References
897:painters:
629:polyhedron
548:Yugoslavia
461:Wilhelm II
304:Glaspalast
256:Janez Wolf
245:Klagenfurt
157:alcoholism
153:Peter Selz
39:Janez Wolf
28:Anton Ažbe
2715:Ive Šubic
2597:Landmarks
2489:Sveti Duh
2439:Sopotnica
2409:Praprotno
2389:Papirnica
2188:Ive Šubic
2145:Landmarks
2077:Žabja Vas
2012:Robidnica
1937:Leskovica
1902:Kopačnica
1792:Dolenčice
1787:Dobravšce
1757:Bukov Vrh
907:Ado Vabbe
644:autopsies
616:(German:
610:Main Line
558:Peg Weiss
512:frugality
420:Odalisque
411:The Harem
332:Schwabing
252:Ljubljana
213:Dolenčice
209:Carniolan
186:Biography
172:socialite
101:painters
2534:Vincarje
2459:Stirpnik
2299:Dorfarje
2284:Bukovica
2264:Bodovlje
2092:Zapreval
2062:Vinharje
2022:Sovodenj
2007:Prelesje
2002:Predmost
1987:Podobeno
1907:Kremenik
1892:Jelovica
1867:Hotovlja
1862:Hotavlje
1827:Goli Vrh
895:Estonian
710:(1896–?)
698:(1892–?)
612:and the
488:nähmlich
472:tabloids
336:air raid
264:frescoes
225:Slovenia
223:(now in
178:into an
169:bohemian
2644:Slatnik
2619:Granary
2544:Virmaše
2464:Strmica
2449:Staniše
2414:Pungert
2404:Pozirno
2384:Na Logu
2379:Moškrin
2339:Gosteče
2329:Godešič
2319:Gabrovo
2294:Crngrob
2259:Binkelj
2252:Current
2082:Zadobje
2057:Trebija
2017:Smoldno
1977:Podgora
1887:Jazbine
1877:Javorje
1777:Delnice
1762:Čabrače
1740:Current
1455:Sources
740:(1897–)
673:diamond
657:pfennig
590:anatomy
570:Cézanne
452:cranium
266:of the
219:in the
138:atelier
99:Serbian
35:realist
32:Slovene
2568:Former
2559:Zminec
2539:Virlog
2529:Vešter
2434:Ševlje
2424:Reteče
2419:Puštal
2369:Lipica
2111:Former
2067:Volaka
2052:Todraž
2042:Studor
1992:Podvrh
1967:Murave
1952:Lučine
1927:Laniše
1897:Kladje
1822:Fužine
1772:Debeni
1679:
1671:
1663:
1655:
1633:
1618:
1596:
1588:
1571:
1563:
1546:
1526:
1518:
1501:
1493:
1472:
905:, and
889:(1905)
883:(1905)
877:(1904)
871:(1904)
865:(1904)
841:(1903)
831:(1901)
825:(1901)
801:(1899)
633:cubism
500:Venice
484:German
299:kitsch
176:cancer
117:, and
51:Munich
47:Munich
43:Vienna
2519:Trnje
2514:Trata
2394:Pevno
2354:Knape
2349:Hosta
2344:Grenc
2314:Gabrk
2309:Forme
2304:Draga
2274:Brode
2123:Trata
2072:Volča
1922:Lajše
1782:Dobje
1747:Bačne
665:easel
444:dwarf
237:spine
215:near
205:Twins
2669:Tošč
2469:Suha
2047:Suša
1932:Laze
1677:ISBN
1669:ISBN
1661:ISBN
1653:ISBN
1631:ISBN
1616:ISBN
1594:ISBN
1586:ISBN
1569:ISBN
1561:ISBN
1544:ISBN
1524:ISBN
1516:ISBN
1499:ISBN
1491:ISBN
1470:ISBN
837:and
623:The
505:tram
480:Ažbe
432:some
289:and
93:and
45:and
482:in
357:in
330:in
136:'s
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1683:).
1675:,
1659:,
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1567:,
1536:.
1522:,
1497:,
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1356:^
1333:^
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1224:^
1210:^
1179:^
1157:^
1106:^
1076:^
1048:^
1034:^
1018:^
1004:^
986:^
974:^
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909:.
901:,
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196:c.
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