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1415:
986:
1103:
970:, he declared in November 1896 in a press interview: "Blacks in Cuba are free; they can enter into contracts, work or not work, and I think that slavery was much better than this freedom which they only took advantage of to do nothing and form masses of unemployed. Anyone who knows the blacks will tell you that in Madagascar, the Congo, as in Cuba, they are lazy, savage, prone to misbehavior, and that you have to lead them with authority and firmness to get anything out of them. These savages have no owner other than their own instincts, their primitive appetites".
73:
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881:
667:, and director general of local administration. That period of his political career culminated in his being twice made a government minister, first taking the interior portfolio in 1864 and then the overseas territories portfolio in 1865 to 1866. After the 1868 Glorious Revolution (Revolución Gloriosa), he retired from the government, but he was a strong supporter of the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy during the
1003:
724:
823:
in
Barcelona and tortured. After a number had been killed, or had gone insane, their cases were taken up by the liberal press of Europe, resulting in the release of a few survivors. Reputedly it was Cánovas del Castillo who ordered the torture, including the burning of the victims' flesh, the
791:
By the late 1880s, Cánovas' policies were under threat from two sources. First, his overseas policy was increasingly untenable. A policy of repression against Cuban nationalists was ultimately ineffective and Spain's authority was challenged most seriously by the 1895 rebellion led by
1071:
and set the stage for labour unrest during the first two decades of the 20th century. The disastrous colonial policy not only led to the loss of Spain's remaining colonial possessions in the
Pacific and Caribbean but also seriously weakened the government at home. A failed postwar
719:
of 1876, which formalised the constitutional monarchy that had resulted from the restoration of
Alfonso and limited suffrage to reduce the political influence of the working class and assuage the voting support from the wealthy minority becoming the protected status quo.
619:
655:, which accompanied the military overthrow of the sitting government, laid out the political goals of the movement, and played a critical role as it attracted the masses' support when the coup seemed to fail. During the final years of
844:. Yet, it would be decades before universal male suffrage and other typical characteristics of modern democratic systems were implemented; it was still very much an electoral system dominated by parties of established local elites.
741:
threat to
Bourbon authority (1876) by merging a group of dissident Carlist deputies with his own Conservative party. More significantly, his term in office saw the victory achieved by the governmental Spanish troops in the
934:
He married María de la
Concepción Espinosa de los Monteros y Rodrigo de Villamayor on 20 October 1860; he was widowed on 3 September 1863. He married Joaquina de Osma y Zavala on 14 November 1887. No progeny survived him.
824:
crushing of their bones, and the cutting out of their tongues. Similar acts of brutality and barbarism had occurred during his regime in Cuba, and
Canovas remained deaf to the appeals and protests of civilized conscience.
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2110:
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2115:
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of 1898. Second, the political repression of Spain's working class was growing increasingly troublesome, and pressure for expanded suffrage mounted amid widespread discontent with the
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2209:
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During a religious procession in 1896, at
Barcelona, a bomb was thrown. Immediately three hundred men and women were arrested. Some were Anarchists, but the majority were
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2132:
1080:
set off a long period of political instability, which ultimately led to the collapse of the monarchy and the dissolution of the constitution that Cánovas had authored.
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769:
An artificial two-party system designed to reconcile the competing militarist, Catholic and
Carlist power bases led to an alternating prime ministership (known as the
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regime, that strived for bringing stability to the
Spanish society. It has been emphasized that the two figures most influential to his political ideas were
1318:
Roldán de
Montaud, Inés (2015). "La elite político-administrativa del Ministerio de Ultramar: los subsecretarios (1863-1899)". In Jean-Philippe Luis (ed.).
2199:
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in which Spain was not spared the disturbances that ravaged much of the European continent. According to some views, his regime was a welcomed change from
2220:
1063:
The policies of repression and political manipulation that Cánovas made a cornerstone of his government helped foster the nationalist movements in both
558:
607:—also known more simply as the Conservative Party—the name of Cánovas became symbolic of the alternate succession in the Restoration regime along with
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648:
2443:
2406:
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467:
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796:. Spain's policy against Cuban independence brought her increasingly into conflict with the United States, an antagonism that culminated in the
2015:
647:, he showed an early interest in politics and Spanish history. His active involvement in politics dates to the 1854 revolution, led by General
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At the same time, Cánovas remained an active man of letters. His historical writings earned him a considerable reputation, particularly his
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2008:
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584:(8 February 1828 – 8 August 1897) was a Spanish politician and historian known principally for serving six terms as
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1572:
Ruiz, Octavio (1998). "Spain on the Threshold of a New Century: Society and Politics before and after the Disaster of 1898".
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715:) for six years starting in 1874 (although he was twice briefly replaced in 1875 and 1879). He was a principal author of the
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1961:
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952:
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754:(July 1876) that resulted in its annexation to a centralist Spain. Against a backdrop of martial law imposed across the
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84:
72:
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2586:
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2189:
1863:
1714:
1704:
963:, he held the view that "universal suffrage begets socialism in a natural, necessary and inevitable way".
837:
716:
688:
668:
585:
201:
2766:
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2428:
1907:
762:), heated negotiations with Liberal Basque high-ranking officials led to the establishment of the first
2316:
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951:(from whom he derived a brand of traditionalism with a historicist rather than religious matrix) and
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and other Barcelona anarchists. He thus did not live to see Spain's loss of her final colonies to the
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and prevailed upon Alfonso XII to issue it, just as he had done years previously with O'Donnell.
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597:
60:
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in the Spanish-language Knowledge (XXG), which was accessed in the version of 6 September 2007.
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in 1887. He also served as the head of the Athenaeum in Madrid (1870–74, 1882–84 and 1888–89).
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1992:
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856:(Historia de la decadencia de España) for which he was elected at the young age of 32 to the
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17:
828:
His attempts to stabilize Spain's parliamentary system achieved a measure of success until
793:
631:
as the son of Antonio Cánovas García and Juana del Castillo y Estébanez, Cánovas moved to
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840:
recognized the principle of allowing rival political opponents within the framework of a
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880:
771:
31:
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after 1881. He also assumed the functions of the head of state during the regency of
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959:, metaphysical and providentialist conception of the nation. A staunch opponent to
956:
948:
914:, Guipúzcoa. Angiolillo invoked vengeance on Canovas on behalf of the execution of
841:
836:, considered by some to deny equal participation to political rivals. The restored
672:
105:
38:
1324:. Collection de la Casa de Velázquez. Madrid: Casa de Velázquez. pp. 99–118.
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885:
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in 1860. That was followed by elevation to other bodies of letters, including the
635:
after the death of his father where he lived with his mother's cousin, the writer
526:
973:
In reference to his political and intellectual stature, Cánovas was nicknamed as
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depicting Cánovas and Sagasta on a see-saw whose fulcrum is an allegory of Spain
2792:
1765:
1520:"Ideología y cultura política en el pensamiento de Antonio Cánovas del Castillo"
1488:"El desconocido y oculto Panteón de los Hombres Ilustres en el centro de Madrid"
1282:
1002:
829:
820:
816:
729:
708:
189:
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Cánovas returned to active politics with the 1874 overthrow of the Republic by
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and Socialists. They were thrown into the notorious prison at the fortress of
1619:
1564:
1537:
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1649:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 206–207.
903:
593:
2000:
628:
588:
and his overarching role as "architect" of the regime that ensued with the
509:
664:
1547:"El sistema de Cánovas del Castillo. Las verdades madres en la política"
967:
808:
759:
738:
42:
868:
in 1867, the Academia de Ciencias Morales y Políticas in 1871 and the
737:
Cánovas del Castillo played a key role in bringing an end to the last
1347:"Civil and Military Relations in Spain in the Context of World War I"
632:
723:
659:, he served in a number of posts, including a diplomatic mission to
2035:
984:
879:
751:
722:
618:
1073:
884:
Assassination of Antonio Cánovas del Castillo on 8 August 1897,
660:
27:
Spanish politician and Bourbon Restoration architect (1828–1897)
2796:
2004:
1600:"El centenario de Cánovas: aproximación cordial al 'Monstruo'"
1349:. In Gearóid Barry, Enrico Dal Lago & Róisín Healy (ed.).
1252:
Under Three Flags: Anarchism and the Anti-Colonial Imagination
996:
640:
1276:
Espinosa de los Monteros y Ortega, Eugenio (8 August 2019).
1220:"Michele Angiolillo e l' assassinio de Cánovas del Castillo"
1669:
The original version of this article draws heavily on the
1654:
1893: Spanish Conservative Leader Escapes Dynamite Attack
750:
and the decree establishing an end to the centuries-long
807:
Cánovas' policies included mass arrests and a policy of
1455:"El arte y la muerte en el Panteón de Hombres Ilustres"
1186:
Goldman, Emma. "The Psychology Of Political Violence".
1351:
Small Nations and Colonial Peripheries in World War I
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1604:Boletín Oficial de la Real Academia de la Historia
1133:In Our Image: America's Empire in the Philippines
1557:Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales
1530:Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales
49: and the second or maternal family name is
2982:Presidents of the Congress of Deputies (Spain)
2904:He was elected in 1987 but never took the seat
1205:The Collapse of the Spanish Republic 1933-1936
2808:
2016:
894:Assassination of Antonio Cánovas del Castillo
870:Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando
861:
440:
8:
1440:
1401:
1389:
711:to the throne. He served as Prime Minister (
304:10 January 1875 – 12 September 1875
224:11 December 1879 – 10 February 1881
1377:
1278:"Una carta inédita de Cánovas del Castillo"
1031:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
352:31 December 1874 – 10 January 1875
181:20 January 1884 – 28 November 1885
2815:
2801:
2793:
2023:
2009:
2001:
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713:Primer presidente del Consejo de Ministros
71:
55:
1083:His white marble mausoleum was carved by
1051:Learn how and when to remove this message
1486:Rincón, David Alonso (31 October 2019).
590:1874 restoration of the Bourbon monarchy
457:3 November 1867 – 8 August 1897
2972:Members of the Royal Academy of Belgium
1207:. United States: Yale University Press.
1120:
1098:
943:Cánovas was the chief architect of the
265:3 December 1875 – 8 March 1879
142:8 July 1890 – 13 December 1892
2987:Conservative Party (Spain) politicians
2977:Economy and finance ministers of Spain
97:24 March 1895 – 8 August 1897
3027:Politicians assassinated in the 1890s
2962:Leaders of political parties in Spain
2957:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain
1898:President of the Congress of Deputies
1640:"Canovas del Castillo, Antonio"
671:(1873–1874) and as the leader of the
7:
2967:Members of the Royal Spanish Academy
1298:"La Duquesa de Cánovas del Castillo"
1173:
1029:adding citations to reliable sources
1417:Enigmas de la historia de Barcelona
1414:Caballero, José Luis (2021-02-19).
1891:Francisco de Borja Queipo de Llano
1545:Osés Gorráiz, Jesús María (1999).
804:system of electoral manipulation.
25:
1756:President of the Minister-Regency
1345:Gow, Richard (11 February 2016).
340:President of the Minister-Regency
3022:Spanish political party founders
2952:Knights of St. Gregory the Great
2942:Assassinated Spanish politicians
2044:Acting prime ministers shown in
1101:
1001:
557:
1575:Mediterranean Historical Review
1255:. London: Verson. p. 193.
854:History of the Decline of Spain
783:after Alfonso's death in 1885.
1453:Heatley, Pilar (8 June 2010).
977:("The Monster") by his peers.
1:
1837:Arsenio Martínez-Campos Antón
1827:Arsenio Martínez-Campos Antón
1552:Revista de Estudios Políticos
1525:Revista de Estudios Políticos
1420:(in Spanish). Ma Non Troppo.
1218:Tamburini, Francesco (1996).
898:In 1897, he was shot dead by
2937:Assassinated prime ministers
2850:Antonio Cánovas del Castillo
1612:Real Academia de la Historia
858:Real Academia de la Historia
582:Antonio Cánovas del Castillo
497:Antonio Cánovas del Castillo
65:Antonio Cánovas del Castillo
41:, the first or paternal
18:Antonio Canovas del Castillo
1695:Minister of the Governation
1518:Gómez Ochoa, Fidel (2000).
1249:Anderson, Benedict (2005).
1226:(in Italian) (9): 101–130.
1131:(1989). "Antonio Canovas".
1089:Pantheon of Illustrious Men
991:Pantheon of Illustrious Men
538:Pantheon of Illustrious Men
3048:
2947:Deaths by firearm in Spain
2892:Víctor García de la Concha
1203:Payne, Stanley G. (2006).
1189:Anarchism And Other Essays
891:
637:Serafín Estébanez Calderón
605:Liberal-Conservative Party
36:
29:
3002:Spanish untitled nobility
2902:
2836:
2042:
1989:
1979:
1973:
1968:
1962:Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero
1958:
1949:
1941:
1931:
1922:
1914:
1904:
1895:
1887:
1877:
1868:
1860:
1850:
1841:
1833:
1823:
1814:
1806:
1796:
1787:
1779:
1762:
1753:
1738:
1732:Alejandro de Castro Casal
1728:
1719:
1711:
1701:
1692:
1684:
1679:
1588:10.1080/09518969808569733
953:Joaquín Francisco Pacheco
764:Basque Economic Agreement
592:. He was assassinated by
575:
483:
450:
345:
297:
258:
217:
174:
135:
90:
79:
70:
2997:Prime ministers of Spain
2992:People murdered in Spain
2878:Manuel Fernández-Galiano
1969:Party political offices
1722:Minister of the Overseas
1321:L'État dans ses colonies
746:, the occupation of the
30:Not to be confused with
1952:Prime Minister of Spain
1925:Prime Minister of Spain
1871:Prime Minister of Spain
1844:Prime Minister of Spain
1817:Prime Minister of Spain
1790:Prime Minister of Spain
1646:Encyclopædia Britannica
775:) with the progressive
701:General Martínez Campos
679:, he declaimed against
653:Manifesto of Manzanares
293:Arsenio Martínez Campos
243:Arsenio Martínez Campos
85:Prime Minister of Spain
3017:1890s murders in Spain
3012:1897 murders in Europe
3007:Spanish murder victims
2857:Daniel Cortázar (1899)
2824:Real Academia Española
1945:Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
1935:Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
1918:Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
1881:Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
1854:Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
1810:Joaquín Jovellar Soler
1800:Joaquín Jovellar Soler
1783:Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
1157:"Canovas nunca morirá"
1085:Agustí Querol Subirats
994:
989:Cánovas's tomb at the
955:. Cánovas embraced an
889:
864:Real Academia Española
862:
838:parliamentary monarchy
826:
777:Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
752:Basque specific status
734:
689:Manifesto of Sandhurst
687:. He also drafted the
669:First Spanish Republic
651:, when he drafted the
639:. Although he studied
624:
609:Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
443:Real Academia Española
441:
375:Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
322:Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
254:Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
213:Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
170:Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
160:Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
118:Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
2871:Pedro Sainz Rodríguez
1908:Cristino Martos Balbi
1671:corresponding article
1353:. Leiden and Boston:
988:
883:
813:
726:
622:
3032:19th-century regents
2515:Fernández-Villaverde
2342:Democratic Sexennium
1715:Manuel Seijas Lozano
1688:Antonio de Benavides
1596:Seco Serrano, Carlos
1224:Spagna Contemporanea
1069:the Basque provinces
1025:improve this section
939:Ideology and thought
924:Spanish–American War
798:Spanish–American War
717:Spanish Constitution
707:of Isabell II's son
645:University of Madrid
2069:Martínez de la Rosa
1864:José Posada Herrera
1705:Luis González Bravo
1078:Camilo de Polavieja
685:freedom of religion
202:José Posada Herrera
2932:People from Málaga
2691:Spain under Franco
2084:Álvarez Mendizábal
1983:Conservative Party
1680:Political offices
1658:The New York Times
995:
961:universal suffrage
900:Michele Angiolillo
890:
834:Spanish liberalism
735:
681:universal suffrage
649:Leopoldo O'Donnell
625:
623:Portrait (c. 1869)
598:Michele Angiolillo
548:Conservative Party
479:Daniel de Cortázar
61:The Most Excellent
2909:
2908:
2842:Ángel de Saavedra
2790:
2789:
2716:Fernández-Miranda
2055:Queen Isabella II
1999:
1998:
1993:Francisco Silvela
1990:Succeeded by
1959:Succeeded by
1932:Succeeded by
1905:Succeeded by
1878:Succeeded by
1851:Succeeded by
1824:Succeeded by
1797:Succeeded by
1775:
1763:Succeeded by
1751:
1742:Francisco Serrano
1729:Succeeded by
1702:Succeeded by
1441:Seco Serrano 1997
1427:978-84-9917-620-8
1402:Osés Gorráiz 1999
1390:Osés Gorráiz 1999
1364:978-90-04-29296-3
1307:. 21 August 1901.
1176:, pp. 14–15.
1061:
1060:
1053:
744:Third Carlist War
579:
578:
468:Ángel de Saavedra
415:as Prime Minister
384:Francisco Serrano
379:as Prime Minister
130:Marcelo Azcárraga
16:(Redirected from
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2002:
1974:Preceded by
1942:Preceded by
1915:Preceded by
1888:Preceded by
1861:Preceded by
1834:Preceded by
1807:Preceded by
1780:Preceded by
1772:as King of Spain
1769:
1745:
1739:Preceded by
1712:Preceded by
1685:Preceded by
1677:
1650:
1642:
1623:
1591:
1568:
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1506:
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1493:Libertad Digital
1483:
1477:
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1474:
1472:
1465:Unidad Editorial
1450:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1411:
1405:
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1393:
1387:
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1378:Gómez Ochoa 2000
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1342:
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1159:. Archived from
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1147:
1146:
1135:. Random House.
1125:
1105:
1056:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1036:
1005:
997:
867:
787:Political crisis
756:Basque Provinces
748:Basque territory
675:minority in the
561:
523:
506:
504:
488:Personal details
476:
464:
455:
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380:
369:
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333:Joaquín Jovellar
329:
319:
302:
290:
283:Joaquín Jovellar
280:
263:
251:
239:
222:
210:
198:
179:
167:
157:
140:
126:
114:
95:
75:
56:
21:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3036:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2898:
2890:
2882:
2877:
2869:
2861:
2856:
2848:
2840:
2832:
2821:
2791:
2786:
2726:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2685:
2666:Martínez Barrio
2636:Martínez Barrio
2611:
2610:
2609:
2607:Second Republic
2601:
2587:Primo de Rivera
2570:Sánchez de Toca
2535:López Domínguez
2488:Martínez Campos
2468:
2467:
2466:
2464:The Restoration
2458:
2449:Sierra Bullones
2346:
2345:
2344:
2336:
2128:Pérez de Castro
2111:Heredia-Spínola
2059:
2058:
2057:
2049:
2038:
2032:Prime ministers
2029:
1995:
1986:
1977:
1964:
1955:
1947:
1937:
1928:
1920:
1910:
1901:
1893:
1883:
1874:
1866:
1856:
1847:
1839:
1829:
1820:
1812:
1802:
1793:
1785:
1768:
1759:
1744:
1734:
1725:
1717:
1707:
1698:
1690:
1666:
1633:
1630:
1628:Further reading
1610:(III). Madrid:
1594:
1571:
1555:(103). Madrid:
1544:
1528:(108). Madrid:
1517:
1509:
1499:
1497:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1470:
1468:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1439:
1435:
1428:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1400:
1396:
1388:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1365:
1357:. p. 108.
1344:
1343:
1339:
1332:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1172:
1168:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1143:
1129:Karnow, Stanley
1127:
1126:
1122:
1113:
1106:
1097:
1057:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1022:
1006:
983:
966:A supporter of
941:
932:
896:
878:
850:
817:trade unionists
789:
697:
617:
544:Political party
525:
521:
508:
507:8 February 1828
502:
500:
499:
498:
474:
462:
456:
451:
430:
422:
414:
401:
396:
388:
378:
367:
351:
346:
327:
317:
303:
298:
288:
278:
264:
259:
249:
237:
223:
218:
208:
196:
180:
175:
165:
155:
141:
136:
124:
112:
96:
91:
66:
63:
54:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3045:
3043:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2914:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2888:
2884:Ricardo Gullón
2880:
2875:
2867:
2859:
2854:
2846:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2797:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2742:
2736:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2712:
2710:Carrero Blanco
2707:
2701:
2699:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2582:Sánchez-Guerra
2579:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2540:Vega de Armijo
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2474:
2472:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2409:
2404:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2352:
2350:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2327:González Bravo
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2190:González Bravo
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2065:
2063:
2051:
2050:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2020:
2013:
2005:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1988:
1981:Leader of the
1978:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1957:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1930:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1903:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1876:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1849:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1822:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1795:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1764:
1761:
1752:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1727:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1700:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1651:
1637:, ed. (1911).
1635:Chisholm, Hugh
1629:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1592:
1569:
1542:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1478:
1445:
1443:, p. 415.
1433:
1426:
1406:
1404:, p. 202.
1394:
1392:, p. 193.
1382:
1380:, p. 152.
1370:
1363:
1337:
1330:
1310:
1305:Gente Conocida
1289:
1268:
1261:
1241:
1210:
1195:
1178:
1166:
1163:on 2015-09-20.
1148:
1142:978-0394549750
1141:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1059:
1058:
1009:
1007:
1000:
982:
979:
940:
937:
931:
928:
892:Main article:
877:
874:
849:
848:Man of letters
846:
788:
785:
781:María Cristina
772:turno pacifico
758:(and possibly
696:
695:Prime minister
693:
663:, governor of
616:
613:
603:Leader of the
586:prime minister
577:
576:
573:
572:
567:
563:
562:
555:
551:
550:
545:
541:
540:
535:
531:
530:
524:(aged 69)
518:
514:
513:
496:
494:
490:
489:
485:
484:
481:
480:
477:
471:
470:
465:
459:
458:
448:
447:
432:
431:
429:
428:
420:
417:
412:
406:
404:
398:
397:
395:
394:
386:
381:
376:
372:
370:
364:
363:
358:
354:
353:
343:
342:
336:
335:
330:
324:
323:
320:
314:
313:
310:
306:
305:
295:
294:
291:
285:
284:
281:
275:
274:
271:
267:
266:
256:
255:
252:
246:
245:
240:
234:
233:
230:
226:
225:
215:
214:
211:
205:
204:
199:
193:
192:
187:
183:
182:
172:
171:
168:
162:
161:
158:
152:
151:
148:
144:
143:
133:
132:
127:
121:
120:
115:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
88:
87:
81:
80:
77:
76:
68:
67:
64:
59:
32:Antonio Canova
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3044:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2901:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2863:Amalio Gimeno
2860:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2818:
2813:
2811:
2806:
2804:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2621:Alcalá-Zamora
2619:
2618:
2616:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2597:Aznar-Cabañas
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2550:García Prieto
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2465:
2461:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2419:Ruiz Zorrilla
2417:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2385:Ruiz Zorrilla
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2343:
2339:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2242:Bravo Murillo
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2227:García Goyena
2225:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2180:Gómez Becerra
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2014:
2012:
2007:
2006:
2003:
1994:
1985:
1984:
1976:Party created
1972:
1967:
1963:
1954:
1953:
1946:
1940:
1936:
1927:
1926:
1919:
1913:
1909:
1900:
1899:
1892:
1886:
1882:
1873:
1872:
1865:
1859:
1855:
1846:
1845:
1838:
1832:
1828:
1819:
1818:
1811:
1805:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1784:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1767:
1758:
1757:
1750:
1749:
1743:
1737:
1733:
1724:
1723:
1716:
1710:
1706:
1697:
1696:
1689:
1683:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1664:Other sources
1663:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1582:(1/2): 7–27.
1581:
1577:
1576:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1482:
1479:
1467:Internet, S.L
1466:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1434:
1429:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1371:
1366:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1341:
1338:
1333:
1331:9788490961506
1327:
1323:
1322:
1314:
1311:
1306:
1299:
1293:
1290:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1272:
1269:
1264:
1262:1-84467-037-6
1258:
1254:
1253:
1245:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1214:
1211:
1206:
1199:
1196:
1191:
1190:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1167:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1149:
1144:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1091:, in Madrid.
1090:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1055:
1052:
1044:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1010:This section
1008:
1004:
999:
998:
992:
987:
980:
978:
976:
971:
969:
964:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
938:
936:
930:Personal life
929:
927:
925:
921:
920:United States
917:
913:
909:
906:, at the spa
905:
902:, an Italian
901:
895:
887:
882:
876:Assassination
875:
873:
871:
866:
865:
859:
855:
847:
845:
843:
839:
835:
831:
825:
822:
818:
812:
810:
805:
803:
799:
795:
786:
784:
782:
778:
774:
773:
767:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
740:
732:
731:
725:
721:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
694:
692:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
621:
614:
612:
610:
606:
601:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
574:
571:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
549:
546:
542:
539:
536:
534:Resting place
532:
528:
520:8 August 1897
519:
515:
511:
495:
491:
486:
482:
478:
472:
469:
466:
460:
454:
449:
445:
444:
438:
433:
426:
421:
418:
413:
411:
408:
407:
405:
399:
392:
387:
385:
382:
377:
374:
373:
371:
365:
362:
359:
355:
349:
344:
341:
337:
334:
331:
325:
321:
315:
311:
307:
301:
296:
292:
286:
282:
276:
272:
268:
262:
257:
253:
247:
244:
241:
235:
231:
227:
221:
216:
212:
206:
203:
200:
194:
191:
188:
184:
178:
173:
169:
163:
159:
153:
149:
145:
139:
134:
131:
128:
122:
119:
116:
110:
107:
104:
100:
94:
89:
86:
82:
78:
74:
69:
62:
57:
52:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
2849:
2828:
2757:Calvo-Sotelo
2744:
2714:
2574:
2502:
2477:
2411:
2399:
2372:
2355:
2219:
2142:
2120:
2093:
2045:
1980:
1950:
1923:
1896:
1869:
1842:
1815:
1788:
1771:
1770:
1754:
1748:as President
1747:
1746:
1720:
1693:
1668:
1667:
1644:
1607:
1603:
1579:
1573:
1550:
1523:
1512:Bibliography
1498:. Retrieved
1496:(in Spanish)
1491:
1481:
1469:. Retrieved
1458:
1448:
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522:(1897-08-08)
475:Succeeded by
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409:
402:Succeeded by
360:
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328:Succeeded by
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289:Succeeded by
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176:
166:Succeeded by
150:Alfonso XIII
137:
125:Succeeded by
106:Alfonso XIII
92:
51:del Castillo
50:
46:
39:Spanish name
2927:1897 deaths
2922:1828 births
2762:F. González
2696:(1936–1975)
2646:Chapaprieta
2612:(1931–1939)
2469:(1874–1931)
2413:Mendigorría
2347:(1868–1874)
2262:Mendigorría
2175:J. M. López
2165:A. González
2133:A. González
2060:(1833–1868)
1766:Alfonso XII
1614:: 411–424.
1559:: 187–212.
1532:: 143–166.
1500:23 November
1471:23 November
975:el Monstruo
945:Restoration
830:World War I
727:Cartoon in
709:Alfonso XII
570:El Monstruo
463:Preceded by
419:Alfonso XII
368:Preceded by
318:Preceded by
312:Alfonso XII
279:Preceded by
273:Alfonso XII
238:Preceded by
232:Alfonso XII
197:Preceded by
190:Alfonso XII
156:Preceded by
113:Preceded by
2916:Categories
2732:Since 1975
2200:Miraflores
1987:1874–1897
1956:1895–1897
1929:1890–1892
1902:1885–1886
1875:1884–1885
1848:1879–1881
1821:1875–1879
1760:1874-1875
1726:1865–1866
1463:. Madrid:
1111:References
922:after the
916:Jose Rizal
794:José Martí
503:1828-02-08
2592:Berenguer
2555:Romanones
2545:Canalejas
2504:Azcárraga
2317:O'Donnell
2297:O'Donnell
2277:O'Donnell
2272:Espartero
2257:Sartorius
2221:Salamanca
2210:Sotomayor
2155:Espartero
2101:Espartero
2095:Calatrava
1620:0034-0626
1565:0048-7694
1538:0048-7694
1232:1121-7480
1174:Ruiz 1998
1116:Citations
1065:Catalonia
1041:July 2019
1012:does not
993:in Madrid
912:Mondragón
904:anarchist
886:Mondragón
705:elevation
657:Isabel II
594:anarchist
554:Signature
527:Mondragón
453:In office
391:President
357:President
348:In office
300:In office
261:In office
220:In office
177:In office
138:In office
93:In office
2772:Zapatero
2746:Santiago
2576:Bugallal
2483:Jovellar
2439:Castelar
2434:Salmerón
2424:Figueras
2390:Malcampo
2302:Arrazola
2252:Lersundi
2144:Cortázar
1598:(1997).
1460:El Mundo
821:Montjuïc
766:(1878).
730:El Motín
703:and the
627:Born in
566:Nickname
37:In this
2782:Sánchez
2661:Casares
2651:Portela
2631:Lerroux
2525:Montero
2510:Silvela
2493:Sagasta
2478:Cánovas
2454:Sagasta
2444:Serrano
2407:Serrano
2395:Sagasta
2380:Serrano
2363:Serrano
2322:Narváez
2312:Narváez
2292:Istúriz
2282:Narváez
2247:Roncali
2237:Clonard
2232:Narváez
2215:Pacheco
2205:Narváez
2195:Narváez
2185:Olózaga
2106:Bardají
2089:Istúriz
2046:italics
1236:Dialnet
1087:at the
1033:removed
1018:sources
968:slavery
809:torture
802:cacique
760:Navarre
739:Carlist
643:at the
529:, Spain
512:, Spain
439:of the
410:Himself
361:Himself
309:Monarch
270:Monarch
229:Monarch
186:Monarch
147:Monarch
102:Monarch
47:Cánovas
43:surname
2894:(1992)
2886:(1990)
2873:(1979)
2865:(1927)
2852:(1867)
2844:(1847)
2752:Suárez
2705:Franco
2681:Negrín
2656:Barcía
2641:Samper
2498:Posada
2401:Topete
2374:Topete
2332:Havana
2287:Armero
2160:Ferrer
2150:Sancho
2138:Ferraz
2074:Toreno
1618:
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981:Legacy
677:Cortes
633:Madrid
629:Málaga
510:Málaga
2827:seat
2777:Rajoy
2767:Aznar
2740:Arias
2722:Arias
2676:Largo
2671:Giral
2626:Azaña
2565:Maura
2530:Moret
2520:Maura
2357:Madoz
2267:Rivas
2170:Rodil
2122:Alaix
2116:Frías
2079:Álava
2036:Spain
1794:1875
1699:1864
1608:CXCIV
1355:Brill
1301:(PDF)
910:, in
665:Cádiz
435:Seat
2560:Dato
2368:Prim
1616:ISSN
1561:ISSN
1534:ISSN
1502:2019
1473:2019
1422:ISBN
1359:ISBN
1326:ISBN
1257:ISBN
1228:ISSN
1137:ISBN
1095:Arms
1074:coup
1067:and
1016:any
1014:cite
683:and
661:Rome
611:'s.
517:Died
493:Born
425:King
2307:Mon
2034:of
1584:doi
1283:ABC
1076:by
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641:law
423:as
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