828:. He translated the Declaration of the Rights of Man from its original French into Spanish and printed several copies from his own private press. He then circulated these translated pamphlets among his politically like-minded friends. Copies of the pamphlet were distributed to all corners of the continent and created a stirring in the political mentalities of the time. The government soon discovered the material, and any copy that was found was burned. Nariño was arrested on August 29, 1794, as were many of the fellow attendees of his Sanctuary meetings, and underwent trials during the rest of the year and the next one. His attorney,
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opponents to federalism and to the congress, and were convinced that the economic and political power of
Cundinamarca would allow the province to dominate and unify New Granada. Nariño convened an assembly to revise the constitution of the state and make it even more centralist, and then decided to annex the surrounding provinces of Tunja, Socorro, Pamplona, Mariquita, and Neiva, but was mostly unsuccessful on both enterprises. Nevertheless, the relentless hostility and harassment from Nariño's partisans pushed the members of the Congress to leave Santafé and to escape, first to
1176:" (The Bulls from Fucha), to publish his opposition against Santander and his government, but unlike Lozano, Santander was far from weak, and Nariño instead of returning to power came to be interrogated by Santander. His enemies did not want him to be in power because of his origin from Cundinamarca. According to his biographers (arguably partisans), to make sure he did not get elected they accused him of malfeasance of public funds, cowardice, and treason, but Nariño managed to defend himself. Tired and ill with tuberculosis, he decided to quit his public roles and move to
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991:, Nariño became a ruthless critic of Lozano, whom he accused of indecisiveness. The aggressive criticisms by Nariño and his followers led to a riot in the city on September 19, 1811, following which president Lozano and his vice president were forced to resign. Fearful of popular rioting, the legislature elected Nariño as president and conceded to his demands, which increased the influence of the executive power.
897:. Nariño remained imprisoned in Cartagena, and was about to be sent to Puerto Rico, but he was freed in June 1810, following the city's declaration of independence. Following his release from prison, he had to wait for a few months in Cartagena before returning to his family. In December, 1810, Nariño returned to Santafé, and became deeply involved in the creation of a sovereign state, independent from Spain.
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Congress' army on
December 24, 1812. Nevertheless, on January 9, 1813, in the Battle of San Victorino, Nariño's troops proved superior and the federalist armies were completely defeated. In June 1813, he was appointed dictator for life, and the following month, the Republic of Cundinamarca finally declared independence from the Spanish Monarchy.
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1164:(a former federalist soldier) eventually defeated by a 38 to 19 vote margin after several heated rounds of voting. Santander and others had been victorious in battle, while Nariño was not, and his popularity had been severely affected. This is also the year where a constituent assembly met in Cúcuta to draft a constitution for the new state.
933:, where each province would be represented in proportion to their populations, the Supreme Junta of Santafé decided to counter by inviting each province to send a delegate to form an interim government while a general congress was summoned to establish a Constitutional Assembly for the whole New Granada.
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in 1785, with whom he had six children. By then, he was already a merchant and proactively involved in politics. In 1789, he was appointed ordinary major of Santafé, as well as
General Treasurer of Tithes. By 1793, he had opened his own print shop, and had obtained a license from the government to be
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Nariño returned to Santafé, now officially called Bogotá, in 1821, defeated politically and in poor health, following the many years of struggles and imprisonment. He was appointed military commander, a nominal charge without effective power. By then, he had lost the popularity he had enjoyed in the
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After stopping to reorganize the city's government and his own forces, he pressed on towards Pasto. Historians have speculated that, had he not stopped at Popayán but actually decisively pursued the fleeing
Royalist army, he might have been able to successfully capture a relatively undefended Pasto.
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became a matter of heated debate. The provinces, led by the province of
Cartagena, called for a federal solution that gave them equal rights, and were not willing to submit to authorities sent from the capital just like they had submitted to Spanish authorities in the past. In contrast, the province
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on
November 27, 1811, a heavily federalist act. The act provided a lot of autonomy to each province, and an extremely weak president who would be subordinate to the congress. This only made the differences between centralist and federalist ideas even stronger. Nariño and his followers became ardent
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was a superior form of government. After spending some time in France, Nariño went to
England to look for economic and military support from the British but when he was denied it, he decided to return to Santafé (modern-day Bogotá). He traveled in disguise, but eventually he found himself forced to
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After his release in
Cartagena in June of 1810, Nariño returned to Santa Fe in time to collaborate in the organization of the first Neogranadine congress of which he was appointed secretary at the beginning of sessions in December 1810. However as time passed the unity between the delegates opf the
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in the Urban
Infantry Militia Regiment to defend the viceregal government from the uprising, however he did not take place in any of the confrontations of the revolution. With the rebellion crushed, he returned to civilian life as a merchant establishing business contacts in the important ports of
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Born to an artistocratic family in 1765 in
Santafe de Bogota, From his youth, Nariño was involved in political activities that he knew how to combine with financial and commercial activities that led him to accumulate a fortune. His foray into politics would see him become mayor of the second vote
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above the mantle. In his youth, Nariño was a strong influence among the progressive young people of Bogotá, Colombia, hosting secret political gatherings that he called "The Sanctuary," where the need for independence and the means of achieving it were discussed. Attendees included later notables
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attacked Nariño's army. After being wounded during combat, a false rumor of his death was spread, and most of the remaining soldiers scattered, only some 400 returning to Popayán. Waiting for reinforcements, Nariño decided to send his officers back to Popayán while he harangued his few remaining
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Following this defeat, and the subsequent declaration of independence from the Province of Socorro, Nariño resigned as soon as he arrived to the city, but not finding a suitable replacement, he was reinstalled as dictator. Nariño then prepared to defend the city, which was put under siege by the
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His fortune allowed him to import his own printing press, which allowed him to create the Patriotic Press (Imprenta Patriotica) where he began to publish and distribute clandestinely various texts amongst his literary circle of which many prominent creoles of Santafe were apart of. In 1793 after
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Nariño returned to Santafé just on time to participate in the organization of the Congress of the United Provinces of New Granada, being appointed secretary. The congress was irregular from the start, as it was formed by delegates from barely a handful of provinces (Santa Fe, Socorro, Neiva,
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troops. Nariño was left practically alone in the battlefield, and attempted to hide in the surrounding mountains, but finally surrendered himself when Royalist scouts found him, hungry and exhausted, on May 14. He had hoped he would be able to negotiate an armistice. He was taken into
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Narino translated the portion of the text that contained the Declarations of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen from french to spanish and distributed it among his circle. This event would see his arrest along with other members of his literary society by Spanish authorities.
1101:, and the delays in bringing up his army's artillery contributed to weakening the morale of many of the troops under Nariño's command, when they had practically reached the gates of Pasto. On May 10, 1814, in the Battle of the Ejidos (Commons) of Pasto, the royalist army led by
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joined him. Baraya, and the rebels with him, signed an act that declared Nariño an usurper and a tyrant, and pledged loyalty to the Congress. Nariño used the opportunity to request extraordinary powers from the legislature of Cundinamarca, which allowed him to be appointed as a
963:, the Junta Suprema in Santafé called for a constitutional assembly for the province. In March, 1811, the province convened a "Constituent Electoral College of the State of Cundinamarca," which promulgated a constitution the following month declaring the creation of the
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While the constitution was mostly federalist, centralist ideas were evident in its writing, and it provided for the eventual annexation of other provinces which would then have to obey the provincial constitution. Nariño, who was recently widowed, was appointed as
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against other provinces, particularly Tunja, where the Congress had settled. Nariño ordered General Antonio Baraya to defeat the federalist leaders in Tunja, but Baraya decided to switch sides and support the federalist forces, and many important leaders like
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610:, Nariño was a staunch centralist and vehemently attacked and criticized his federalist opponents through the press that he owned. This tension would see the federlaists split from the centralist congress in Santafe and form a federalist one in
839:, was arrested as well, so no other lawyer wanted to defend his case, and he and his followers were sentenced to ten years of imprisonment in Africa for his leading role in the political group and was exiled from
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all over the country, profound divisions became evident when trying to determine what type of government should be placed instead of the Spanish crown. In particular, disagreements on whether there should be a
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the constitutional congress that would ultimately create the 1821 Constitution and where he ran as a candidate to continue being vice-president of Colombia, however he would ultimately lose the race to General
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While playing a minor role in the independence war against Spain, Nariño was widely acknowledged at his time and afterwards as a precursor of separatist ideas. He is mentioned in the last stanza of the
719:, and Catalina Álvarez del Casal a noblewoman from Santafe. His father had moved to New Granada in 1751 as the Official Royal Accountant of New Granada, and headed the first gunpowder factory in
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decided to crush the rebellion before it started, and Nariño found himself arrested yet again when insurrections started to break all over the American colonies. He was moved to the prison in
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Andrés Rosillo y Meruelo, started discussing a coup to overthrow the government and establish a republic in its stead, and the name of Nariño started circulating. Hearing of said rumors,
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The "Congress of the United Provinces," meanwhile, had started meeting again. In spite of Cundinamarca's opposition, the Congress finally achieved an agreement and delivered the
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MacFarlane, Anthony. Colombia before Independence: Economy, Society, and Politics under Bourbon Rule. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. 284-5. Print.
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723:(modern-day Bogotá). He was later promoted to Major Accountant, an important role that he played up to his death in 1778. Nariño's mother was the sister of
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of the city of Santafé on August 30, 1811, and being a fervent centralist, started pushing for a strong centralist position from the newspaper he created,
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683:" (The Bulls from Fucha). Towards the last years of his life he became tired and ill with tuberculosis, he decided to quit his public roles and move to
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elected by the council of Santafe in 1789, as well as interim treasurer of tithes of the archbishopric, appointed in July of the same year.
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Nariño was not originally a military officer by nature, but would take his first steps in that direction in 1813 when he was president of
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562:) as well as one of its early political and military leaders. In 1793 he published the first French to Spanish translation of the
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and prevent Spanish royalist troops from advancing into the interior of the Republic in an invasion effort ordered by the
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Bowman, Charles H. Jr. (September 1971). "Antonio Caballero y Góngora y Manuel Torres: La Cultura en la Nueva Granada".
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in June 1810, for a period of almost sixteen years, Nariño was imprisoned except for the interval he spent hidden in
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Hector, M., and A. Ardila. Hombres y mujeres en las letras de Colombia. 2. Bogota: Magisterio, 2008. 25. Print.
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made him interim vicepresident of the new the new republic. Bolívar also asked Nariño to proceed to install in
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Defeated politically he was given nominal roles within the government and continued publishing his newspaper "
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in January 1814 after defeating the Royalist forces in the area in a series of initially successful battles.
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and a hero of the war of indepenedence. Many monuments, towns and provinces carry his name in his honor.
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As provinces were already busy establishing their own autonomous governments, under the lead of
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Nariño was intellectually curious and admired the political ideologies of the leaders of the
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or Palacio de Nariño, was constructed at the site of his birthplace and named in his honor.
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and he offered to command the united forces of the State that he governed with those of the
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via Quito on July 15, 1815. From there, he was sent to Lima, where he was taken by ship to
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Between the time of his arrest in his house in Santa Fe, in August 1794 and his release in
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In July 1813, General Nariño began an intensive military campaign against the Spanish and
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he is quoted: "I have loved my country; only History will say what this love has been."
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in the place of the old New Kingdom of Granada or whether the provinces should become
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Pamplona, Nóvita, and Mariquita), and was deeply divided on whether the cities of
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Nariño eventually returned to America in 1820 traveling through the Caribbean and
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Antonio Amador José de Nariño y Álvarez del Casal was born on April 9, 1765 in
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The Aftermath of the Declaration of Independence and The Foolish Fatherland
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Details about his early life are scarce, but apparently he studied in the
602:(March 17, 1796) and his voluntary surrender in Santa Fe (July 19, 1797).
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By 1809, however, following the unrest all around the colonies over the
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surrender to the authorities, on July 19, 1797. In prison he contracted
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various provinces of New Granada would crumble as the argument between
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city during the Foolish Fatherland times. As he had done before with
975:(it would only declare full independence from Spain in August 1813).
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Nariño was freed from imprisonment in 1821, following the revolt of
715:, he was the third son of Vicente Nariño y Vásquez, a Spaniard from
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by the significant margin of 50 to 6 votes in the Congress held at
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Nariño was one of the candidates for election to the presidency of
987:(or The Triffle), which he started publishing on July 14, 1811. In
550:( April 9, 1765 – December 13, 1823), was a Colombian ideological
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1412:"Batalla de los ejidos de Pasto – Enciclopedia | Banrepcultural"
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1341:. Bogotá. Imprenta y Litografía de las Fuerzas Armadas. p.54.
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Hernandez de Alba, Guillermo; Restrepo Uribe, Fernando (1983).
1248:"1. Biografía · Antonio Nariño · Biblioteca Virtual Colombiana"
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the Socorro Province, Nariño was enlisted as second lieutenant
1328:. Bogotá. Imprenta y Litografía de las Fuerzas Armadas. p.53.
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he dealt in the export of tobacco, cacao, and other crops. .
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of Cundinamarca, which held the former viceroyal capital,
1531:(4th ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN
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Iconografia de Don Antonio Nariño y Recuerdos de su vida
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As things went, however, the constant raids by Royalist
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Act of Federation of the United Provinces of New Granada
1287:"Vicente Nariño Vásquez | Real Academia de la Historia"
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forces in the south of the country, intending to reach
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and its aftermath. This convinced him of the idea that
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allowed to print, which would later bring him trouble.
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in 1795, where he devoted himself to the study of the
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The presidential palace of the Republic of Colombia,
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Soon, the Cundinamarca province became embroiled in
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Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
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Antonio de la Santísima Concepción Nariño y Álvarez
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1110:in May 1814, and then sent to the Royal prison at
548:Antonio Amador José de Nariño y Álvarez del Casal
629:, contributed from Tunja by his political rival
344:September 12, 1812 – September 19, 1813
1490:El colombiano de todos los tiempos - semana.com
727:, one of the attorneys of the Royal Audience.
151: and the second or maternal family name is
1314:. Pasto: Imprenta del departamento. p. 9.
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941:(by then part of the Cartagena province) and
299:September 21, 1811 – August 19, 1812
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2390:Burials at the Primatial Cathedral of Bogotá
1275:. Bogotá: Publicismo y Ediciones. p. 9.
27:Colombian politician and independence leader
2365:People of the Colombian War of Independence
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965:Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca
255:September 19, 1813 – May 14, 1814
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127:Learn how and when to remove this message
1193:. At the foot of his memorial statue in
820:In 1794, Nariño procured a copy of the "
1672:Estanislao Vergara y Sanz de Santamaría
1227:
1216:$ 10 and $ 100 Colombian peso banknotes
578:having a acquired a french copy of the
1524:. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
1522:Nariño: Hero of Colombian Independence
1339:El Teniente General Don Antonio Nariño
1326:El Teniente General Don Antonio Nariño
824:", which was being distributed by the
2214:Joaquín José Gori y Álvarez de Castro
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1379:
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1172:, he decided to create a newspaper: "
737:In 1781 during the crisis sparked by
633:, in order to march south to recover
202:April 4, 1821 – June 6, 1821
7:
2385:Colombian people of Galician descent
2210:Domingo Caycedo y Sanz de Santamaría
2167:Domingo Caycedo y Sanz de Santamaría
2162:Francisco de Paula Santander y Omaña
1605:Felipe de Vergara Azcarate y Caycedo
1498:Biografía del General Antonio Nariño
1312:Biografía del general Antonio Nariño
661:Republic of Colombia (Gran Colombia)
598:between the moment of his escape to
278:Manuel de Bernardo Álvarez del Casal
65:adding citations to reliable sources
2200:Joaquín Mariano Mosquera y Arboleda
1388:The Independence of Spanish America
614:. The two sides engaged in a brief
288:and Viceregent of the King's Person
284:Governor President of the State of
241:Governor President of the State of
190:Vice President of the Gran Colombia
1436:"Bicentenario en Bogotá 1810–2010"
1353:Boletín de Historia y Antigüedades
1310:Acosta de Samper, Soledad (1910).
1214:Nariño's face has appeared in the
580:History of the Revolution of 1789,
25:
2335:Viceroyalty of New Granada people
969:Constitution of the United States
922:autonomous and independent states
2370:Prisoners and detainees of Spain
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822:Declaration of the Rights of Man
554:of the independence movement in
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450:
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30:For the locality of Bogotá, see
2226:Manuel María Mallarino Ibargüen
2205:José Ignacio de Márquez Barreto
2195:José Ignacio de Márquez Barreto
2177:José Ignacio de Márquez Barreto
1577:United Provinces of New Granada
1416:enciclopedia.banrepcultural.org
627:United Provinces of New Granada
608:Federalism and Centralism arose
52:needs additional citations for
2157:José María del Castillo y Rada
1390:. Cambridge University Press.
732:Colegio Mayor de San Bartolomé
1:
1211:was also named in his honor.
521:Colombian War of Independence
2380:Colombian newspaper founders
1836:Santiago Pérez de Manosalbas
1710:Francisco de Paula Santander
1687:Francisco de Paula Santander
1469:. 2017-10-27. Archived from
1441:. 2014-03-16. Archived from
1162:Francisco de Paula Santander
952:Statue of Antonio Nariño in
879:Napoleonic invasion of Spain
857:, however, and then fled to
853:Nariño managed to escape in
707:a territorial entity of the
674:Francisco de Paula Santander
143:, the first or paternal
2375:Vice presidents of Colombia
2172:José María Obando del Campo
2091:Vice Presidents of Colombia
1467:"Historia del Departamento"
711:. Born to an aristocratic
644:The initial success of the
2416:
2360:Colombian male journalists
2221:José de Obaldía y Orejuela
2142:Francisco Antonio Zea Díaz
2093:and its predecessor states
1894:Manuel Antonio Sanclemente
1811:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera
1801:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera
1778:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera
1725:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera
1615:Manuel de Bernardo Álvarez
1152:in 1821, which he lost to
1058:Nariño's Southern Campaign
1055:
904:
705:Viceroyalty of New Granada
531:Nariño's Southern Campaign
391:Viceroyalty of New Granada
138:
29:
2345:Colombian Roman Catholics
2279:Francisco Santos Calderón
2249:Miguel Antonio Caro Tobar
2147:Juan Germán Roscio Nieves
2134:Republic of Gran Colombia
2121:
1793:United States of Colombia
1783:Ignacio Gutierrez Vergara
1659:Republic of Gran Colombia
1646:
1529:The Epic of Latin America
1386:Rodriguez, Jaime (1998).
1191:Colombian national anthem
568:Spain's american colonies
541:
360:
337:
292:
248:
195:
183:
167:
2152:Antonio Nariño y Álvarez
2110:Manuel Rodríguez Torices
2004:Julio César Turbay Ayala
1934:Pedro Nel Ospina Vázquez
1846:Julián Trujillo Largacha
1763:Mariano Ospina Rodríguez
1745:Mariano Ospina Rodríguez
1595:Antonio Nariño y Álvarez
1520:Blossom, Thomas (1967).
766:Early political activity
725:Manuel Álvarez del Casal
18:Antonio Nariño y Álvarez
2340:Politicians from Bogotá
2259:Ramón González Valencia
2217:Rufino Cuervo y Barreto
2187:Republic of New Granada
2115:Liborio Mejía Gutiérrez
1999:Alfonso López Michelsen
1994:Misael Pastrana Borrero
1984:Guillermo León Valencia
1914:Carlos Eugenio Restrepo
1909:Ramón González Valencia
1856:Francisco Javier Zaldúa
1755:Granadine Confederation
1715:José Ignacio de Márquez
1702:Republic of New Granada
1635:Liborio Mejía Gutiérrez
1600:Luis de Ayala y Vergara
1527:Crow, John A. (1992) .
1252:www.humanas.unal.edu.co
759:Magdalena Ortega y Mesa
442:Magdalena Ortega y Mesa
355:Manuel Benito de Castro
332:Manuel Benito de Castro
266:Manuel Benito de Castro
235:José María del Castillo
32:Antonio Nariño (Bogotá)
2029:Andrés Pastrana Arango
1989:Carlos Lleras Restrepo
1979:Alberto Lleras Camargo
1959:Alfonso López Pumarejo
1954:Eduardo Santos Montejo
1949:Alfonso López Pumarejo
1720:Pedro Alcántara Herrán
1640:Fernando Serrano Uribe
1569:Presidents of Colombia
1506:Defensa ante el senado
1134:
1132:Ricardo Acevedo Bernal
1090:
956:
867:centralized government
785:Pedro Fermín de Vargas
739:Revolt of Comuneros of
176:Ricardo Acevedo Bernal
2355:Colombian journalists
2269:Carlos Lemos Simmonds
2254:José Manuel Marroquín
2014:Virgilio Barco Vargas
1974:Gustavo Rojas Pinilla
1944:Enrique Olaya Herrera
1899:José Manuel Marroquín
1630:Antonio Villavicencio
1625:José Fernández Madrid
1610:Camilo Torres Tenorio
1129:
1088:
951:
887:viceroy Amar y Borbón
830:José Antonio Ricaurte
815:Francisco Antonio Zea
796:José Antonio Ricaurte
703:, the capital of the
631:Camilo Torres Tenorio
526:New Granada Civil War
490:Years of service
2289:Germán Vargas Lleras
2264:Humberto De la Calle
2244:Eliseo Payán Hurtado
2236:Republic of Colombia
1964:Mariano Ospina Pérez
1939:Miguel Abadía Méndez
1876:Republic of Colombia
1861:José Eusebio Otalora
1337:Riaño, Camilo (1973)
1324:Riaño, Camilo (1973)
1209:department of Nariño
776:American Revolutions
689:Republic of Colombia
485:Army of Cundinamarca
61:improve this article
2350:Colombian governors
2299:Marta Lucía Ramírez
1919:José Vicente Concha
1889:Miguel Antonio Caro
1831:Manuel Murillo Toro
1806:Manuel Murillo Toro
1773:Juan José Nieto Gil
913:formation of Juntas
891:Cartagena de Indias
639:presidency of Quito
2039:Juan Manuel Santos
2009:Belisario Betancur
1924:Marco Fidel Suárez
1730:José Hilario López
1590:Jorge Tadeo Lozano
1174:Los Toros de Fucha
1135:
1091:
1009:Foolish Fatherland
961:Jorge Tadeo Lozano
957:
907:Foolish Fatherland
681:Los Toros de Fucha
501:Lieutenant General
320:Jorge Tadeo Lozano
223:Juan Germán Roscio
2312:
2311:
2100:United Provinces
2057:
2056:
1735:José María Obando
1397:978-0-521-62673-6
1103:Melchior Aymerich
1052:Southern campaign
1040:in the Battle of
1038:Atanasio Girardot
863:French Revolution
780:Benjamin Franklin
701:Santafe de Bogota
669:Villa del Rosario
616:civil war in 1812
545:
544:
509:Army of the South
400:December 13, 1823
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
2407:
2127:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2061:
1826:Eustorgio Salgar
1821:Santos Gutiérrez
1677:Joaquín Mosquera
1652:
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1268:
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1259:
1258:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1143:Battle of Boyacá
1139:Rafael del Riego
1034:Antonio Ricaurte
838:
804:
793:
474:
472:
471:
459:Military service
454:
403:
383:
381:
365:Personal details
351:
342:
328:
316:
297:
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231:
219:
200:
174:Oil painting by
172:
158:
132:
125:
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118:
112:
110:
76:"Antonio Nariño"
69:
45:
37:
21:
2415:
2414:
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2308:
2304:Francia Márquez
2284:Angelino Garzón
2230:
2181:
2128:
2119:
2101:
2094:
2088:
2058:
2053:
1870:
1787:
1768:Bartolomé Calvo
1749:
1740:José María Melo
1696:
1692:Domingo Caycedo
1682:Rafael Urdaneta
1653:
1644:
1620:Joaquin Camacho
1585:José Miguel Pey
1571:
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1070:and eventually
1060:
1054:
1003:and finally to
909:
903:
832:
826:French Assembly
798:
787:
768:
757:Nariño married
697:
537:
469:
467:
431:Political party
405:
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2400:Álvarez family
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2112:
2106:
2104:
2102:of New Granada
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2024:Ernesto Samper
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
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1969:Laureano Gómez
1966:
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1355:(in Spanish).
1343:
1330:
1317:
1302:
1278:
1263:
1239:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1202:Casa de Nariño
1185:
1182:
1178:Villa de Leyva
1130:Watercolor by
1123:
1120:
1089:Antonio Nariño
1056:Main article:
1053:
1050:
954:Villa de Leyva
911:Following the
905:Main article:
902:
899:
845:Recaudador de
767:
764:
709:Spanish Empire
696:
693:
685:Villa de Leyva
543:
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482:Branch/service
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407:Villa de Leyva
404:(aged 58)
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2294:Óscar Naranjo
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2049:Gustavo Petro
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2025:
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2020:
2019:César Gaviria
2017:
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1929:Jorge Holguín
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1667:Simón Bolívar
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1473:on 2017-10-27
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1448:on 2014-03-16
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1154:Simón Bolívar
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1150:Gran Colombia
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811:Manuel Torres
808:
807:Luis de Rieux
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2319:Categories
2044:Iván Duque
1477:2020-09-07
1452:2020-09-07
1421:2020-09-07
1296:2023-10-16
1291:dbe.rah.es
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1222:References
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695:Early life
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434:Centralist
380:1765-04-09
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1099:Antioquia
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588:Cartagena
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415:Colombia
139:In this
1076:Popayán
927:Santafé
847:diezmos
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717:Galicia
635:Popayán
596:America
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1158:Cúcuta
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