765:. This can also increase the possibility of 'exotic' injuries to humans. In 2015 a man was rescued from a South Georgia Island by British Forces after receiving a serious bite from a fur seal. Due to the remote location of where these injuries occur, this can lead to complications in getting people to a physician with the relevant experience in treating exotic animal bites. This issue is compounded by the complexity of fur seal behavior and how serious a bite can be and the risk of transfer of diseases. The implication for Antarctic Fur Seals but this species is considered to be one of several pinnipeds at high risk of future disease outbreaks because of their tendency to congregate in large dense aggregations and the effect of environmental changes associated with
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515:
42:
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activities developing around
Macquarie Island may affect the prey base of the primarily fish-eating Antarctic fur seals that breed on those islands. Recent work indicates that there is significant overlap between foraging areas and fisheries activities, suggesting a potential for competition for prey
685:
South
Georgia islands, which hold approximately 95% of the global population, had a total population in 1999/2000 between 4.5 and 6.2 million. The South Georgia population reached carrying capacity fairly recently and may thus be spilling over into relatively nearby, lower density sites. However, the
403:
Males are substantially larger than females. Males grow up to 2 m (6.5 ft) long and with a mean weigh of 133 kg (293 lb). Females reach 1.4 m (4.6 ft) with a mean weight of 34 kg (74.9 lb). At birth, mean standard length is 67.4 cm (58–66) and mass is
730:
campaigned for compliance with MARPOL provisions relating to waste disposal at sea, and for cutting of any material jettisoned which could form collars to entangle seals. Subsequent monitoring of entangled fur seals confirmed that entanglement is still a persistent problem, but it has halved in
537:
lasts between 8 and 9 months and it has been observed a high breeding synchrony across the species' range, concentrating 90% of pup births in a 10-day window. Pups are weaned at about four months old. Juveniles may then spend several years at sea before returning to begin their breeding cycles.
725:
Waters inhabited by
Antarctic fur seals are exploited by few fisheries, but these may expand in their range in the future. A 1997 study at South Georgia indicated that several thousand Antarctic fur seals were entangled in man-made debris such as discarded fishing line, nets, packing bands and
533:, and dominant breeding males mate with as many as 20 females during a successful season. Males establish breeding grounds in October to early November. Females generally reach the colonies in December and give birth to a single pup several days later.
557:
other than the strong bond they establish with their pups, although there are occasional aggressive encounters with nearby females or other pups and brief interactions with adult males to mate. These seals appear to be
384:
with a relatively long neck and pointed muzzle compared with others in the family. The nose does not extend much past the mouth, the external ears are long, prominent, and naked at the tip. Adults have very long
8152:
757:, the numbers of humans visiting the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic each year for tourism and scientific expeditions have risen. This increase in visits has led to greater interaction between the local
392:
Adult males are dark brown in colour. Females and juveniles tend to be paler, almost grey with lighter undersides. Colour patterns are highly variable, and scientists reported that some
1675:
Polito MJ, Goebel ME (2010). "Investigating the use of stable isotope analysis of milk to infer seasonal trends in the diets and foraging habitats of female
Antarctic fur seals".
8147:
7948:
1406:
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by the 19th century. Since sealing operations ceased in the early 20th century, the species has recovered at different rates across its former geographic range.
690:
of adult females is estimated to have declined by some 30% between 2003 and 2012, and by 24% since 1984 to around 550,000. The population trend according to the
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8013:
431:
has the second largest population with 46,834 animals. However, there are regional differences in population trends: some colonies are increasing in size (e.g.
8132:
455:
8167:
389:, particularly males, up to 35 to 50 cm. The fore flippers are about one-third, and hind flippers slightly more than one-fourth of the total length.
396:
between
Subantarctic and Antarctic fur seals has occurred. Pups are dark brown at birth, almost black in color. However, a very small number of partially
282:
islands and its scientific name is thought to have come from the German vessel SMS Gazelle, which was the first to collect specimens of this species from
1056:
Lancaster ML, Gemmell NJ, Negro S, Goldsworthy S, Sunnucks P (2006). "Ménage à trois on
Macquarie Island: hybridization among three species of fur seal (
1628:"Stable isotopes document seasonal changes in trophic niches and winter foraging individual specialization in diving predators from the Southern Ocean"
1583:
Croll DA, Tershy BR (1998). "Penguins, fur seals, and fishing: prey requirements and potential competition in the South
Shetland Islands, Antarctica".
525:
Antarctic fur seals are one of the better-studied
Southern Ocean predators. However, the vast majority of information has been collected during summer
8172:
7922:
1111:
Kingston JJ, Gwilliam J (2007). "Hybridization between two sympatrically breeding species of fur seal at Iles Crozet revealed by genetic analysis".
519:
333:). Genetic studies on population structure suggest that there are two genetically distinct regions: a western region including the islands of the
8177:
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815:) and by the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals in waters south of 60° S. The animal is also listed in Appendix 2 of CITES.
2303:
8212:
2335:
781:
1532:
Hoffman JI, Forcada J, Trathan PN, Amos W (2007). "Female fur seals show active choice for males that are heterozygous and unrelated".
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have been recorded across colonies, seasons and years. Studies have showed that female
Antarctic fur seals can undertake wide-ranging
3705:
354:
365:
8202:
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have been noted to take as many as a third of the
Antarctic Fur Seal pups born at sites in the South Shetland Islands. Levels of
8207:
4049:
2293:
8005:
986:"Unexpected genetic differentiation between recently recolonized populations of a long-lived and highly vagile marine mammal"
370:
7966:
665:
545:
of Antarctic fur seals during the non-breeding winter is poorly understood. Adult and subadult males may form groups while
8192:
6267:
2131:"Serum chemistry and antibodies against pathogens in antarctic fur seals, Weddell seals, crabeater seals, and Ross seals"
605:
migrations during winter. Interannual differences appear to be related to differences in local oceanographic conditions.
8142:
2298:
761:
and humans. With this greater interaction comes the risk of affecting the territoriality of seals especially during the
110:
8000:
7883:
3461:
2170:
Lavigne DM, Schmitz OJ (1990). "Global warming and increasing population densities: a prescription for seal plagues".
6258:
677:
7723:
7379:
5745:
1895:
Walker TR, Reid K, Arnould JP, Croxall JP (1997). "Marine debris surveys at Bird Island, South Georgia 1990–1995".
8018:
8197:
7861:
4584:
1355:
Warren NL, Trathan PN, Forcada J, Fleming A, Jessopp MJ (2006). "Distribution of post-weaning Antarctic fur seal
7901:
2001:
7642:
7537:
6276:
4566:
4261:
3310:
1810:
Forcada J, Hoffman, JI (2014). "Climate change selects for heterozygosity in a declining fur seal population".
1788:
1454:
Boyd IL, McCafferty DJ, Reid K, Taylor R, Walker TR (1998). "Dispersal of male and female Antarctic fur seals (
514:
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6016:
5709:
5644:
5026:
4602:
4075:
3597:
2328:
1216:
Arnbom TA, Lunn NJ, Boyd IL, Barton T (1992). "Aging live Antarctic fur seals and southern elephant seals".
393:
1289:
Croxall JP (1992). "Southern Ocean environmental changes: effects on seabird, seal and whale populations".
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in man-made debris at Bird Island, South Georgia during the 1994 winter and 1994/95 pup-rearing season".
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in relation to oceanographic variables: a scale-dependent approach using geographic information systems"
773:
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are also consumed. Penguins are occasionally taken by Antarctic fur seal males. Seasonal differences in
451:
342:
218:
5727:
5623:
4533:
4108:
1154:
Acevedo J, Torres D, Aguayo-Lobo A (2009). "Rare piebald and partially leucistic Antarctic fur seals,
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Red list is 'decreasing' and it has been suggested that this decline is due to the effects of global
526:
459:
427:. The current best estimate of the South Georgia population is between 4.5 and 6.2 million animals.
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2064:‘British man bitten by fur seal on South Georgia rescued’, BBC News, Retrieved 28 November 2015,
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1986:"Population growth of Antarctic fur seals: limitation by a top predator, the leopard seal?"
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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
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1985:
1970:
1950:
1749:"Impacts of climatic anomalies on provisioning strategies of a Southern Ocean predator"
1485:
Doidge DW, Croxall JP (1989). "Factors affecting weaning weight in Antarctic fur seals
1272:
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1018:
985:
766:
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475:
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234:
1916:
1407:"Winter habitat predictions of a key Southern Ocean predator, the Antarctic fur seal (
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2016:
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Tryland M, Nymo IH, Nielsen O, Nordøy ES, Kovacs KM, Krafft BA, Lydersen C (2012).
1847:
1702:
Guinet C, Dubroca L, Lea MA, Goldsworthy S, Cherel Y, Duhamel G, Donnay JP (2001).
1569:
1323:
808:
711:
699:
670:
590:
487:
483:
279:
2076:"Treatment and prevention of infection following bites of the Antarctic fur seal (
1342:
Changing climate and the winter foraging ecology of Antarctic fur seal populations
1097:
901:
Boyd IL (1993). "Pup production and distribution of breeding Antarctic fur seals (
407:
Antarctic fur seals live up to 20 years with a maximum observed for female of 24.
298:. Recently, a proposal was made to reassign this species to the resurrected genus
278:. Despite what its name suggests, the Antarctic fur seal is mostly distributed in
17:
1876:
Hanchet S, Horn P, Stevenson M (2003). "Fishing in the ice: is it sustainable?".
549:
along the Antarctic Peninsula in late summer and early autumn. Adult females are
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Arthur B, Hindell M, Bester M, De Bruyn PN, Trathan P, Goebel M, Lea MA (2017).
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1747:
Lea MA, Guinet C, Cherel Y, Duhamel G, Dubroca L, Pruvost P, Hindell M (2006).
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2015:
Hofmeyr, GJG, Krafft BA, Kirkman SP, Bester MN, Lydersen C, Kovacs KM (2005).
1380:
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594:
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7846:
1203:
Whales, dolphins, and seals: A field guide to the marine mammals of the world
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in the southern Atlantic Ocean, which holds approximately 95% of the global
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386:
162:
122:
2313:
2156:
2115:
1839:
1661:
1561:
1302:
1251:
Wickens P, York AE (1997). "Comparative population dynamics of fur seals".
1089:
1027:
876:
1604:
1324:"Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research Expert Group on Seals Report"
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3128:
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is important to the reproductive success of this animal. The colonies at
629:
are eaten occasionally outside the breeding season. Nursing mothers near
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546:
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381:
377:
306:
175:
142:
2096:
1831:
1553:
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The species is protected by the governments in whose waters it resides (
443:, Heard islands), and some are showing a decrease (e.g. Bouvet Island).
415:
Antarctic fur seals are believed to be the most abundant species of fur
7927:
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7295:
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6522:
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4705:
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2628:
2605:
2498:
1773:
1748:
1732:
1703:
1510:
754:
750:
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498:, Antarctic fur seals range widely from the Antarctic continent to the
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5.9 kg (4.9–6.6) in males and 5.4 kg (4.8–5.9) in females.
152:
132:
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1471:
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2578:
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573:); while in the Indian Ocean the diet is mostly based on fish and
513:
364:
95:
89:
2017:"Population changes of Antarctic fur seals at Nyrøysa, Bouvetøya"
746:
may be high enough to cause a population decline at these sites.
8044:
7034:
5930:
5255:
5191:
2864:
2596:
1704:"Spatial distribution of foraging in female Antarctic fur seals
691:
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578:
565:
The usual food source for individuals in the Atlantic Region is
7821:
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5487:
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2395:
2317:
5164:
4773:
3101:
984:
Bonin CA, Goebel ME, Forcada J, Burton RS, Hoffman JI (2013).
715:
784:. In particular, the Antarctic fur seal's primary prey base,
2002:
10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2863:PGOAFS]2.0.CO;2
1418:
Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography
792:, or the distribution could be altered by climate change.
637:
during the breeding season, therefore the availability of
529:
months. The breeding system of the Antarctic Fur Seal is
2308:
2229:
776:
led to reduced genetic diversity, leaving it again more
1984:
Boveng PL, Hiruki LM, Schwartz MK, Bengtson JL (1998).
1930:
Walker TR (1995). "Entanglement of Antarctic fur seals
506:
reaching as far as the Mar del Plata and Gough Island.
1789:"Antarctic Fur Seals ~ MarineBio Conservation Society"
8153:
Fauna of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
1955:) at Seal Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica"
1400:
1398:
1158:, at Cape Shirreff, Livingston Island, Antarctica".
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419:. The largest congregation occurs on the island of
1677:Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology
1460:Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
305:Antarctic fur seals may be confused with southern
345:, and an eastern region, including Kerguelen and
1861:Bonner WN, Laws RM (1964). "Seals and sealing".
1344:(Doctoral Dissertation). University of Tasmania.
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1951:"Hunting and social behavior of leopard seals (
1626:Cherel Y, Hobson KA, Guinet C, Vanpe C (2007).
1284:
1282:
1060:) following historical population extinction".
1041:Jefferson TA, Leatherwood S, Webber MA (1993).
726:anything that can form a collar. Consequently,
710:Historically the species were decimated by the
2249:To learn more about Antarctic fur seal visit:
2329:
2279:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T2058A66993062.en
862:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T2058A66993062.en
681:Pale fur seal pup in Grytviken, South Georgia
657:. Antarctic fur seals dive at night to feed.
274:, and one of nine fur seals in the subfamily
8:
2216:"CCAMLR Ecosystem Monitoring Program (CEMP)"
456:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
294:Antarctic fur seals are member of the genus
309:that share their range, like Subantarctic (
8148:Fauna of Heard Island and McDonald Islands
7818:
7569:
7348:
7249:
7170:
7161:
6988:
6805:
6747:
6736:
6723:
6617:
6441:
6236:
6193:
6180:
6112:
6009:
5992:
5857:
5822:
5805:
5583:
5550:
5500:
5484:
5417:
5323:
5266:
5251:
5082:
4927:
4912:
4710:
4668:
4652:
4636:
4344:
4156:
4147:
4018:
3946:
3937:
3920:
3842:
3803:
3788:
3784:
3771:
3735:
3511:
3421:
3406:
3388:
3294:
3236:
3225:
3212:
2997:
2919:
2718:
2648:
2639:
2522:
2513:
2509:
2493:
2451:
2440:
2419:
2408:
2392:
2336:
2322:
2314:
1949:Hiruki LM, Schwartz MK, Boveng PL (1999).
951:Perrin WF, Würsig B, Thewissen JM (2009).
243:
67:
40:
31:
2277:
2199:
2146:
2105:
2095:
1772:
1731:
1651:
1017:
860:
800:IUCN Conservation status: Least Concern.
450:distribution and breed from 61° S to the
824:
718:and its population was driven close to
490:; and Macquarie Island in the Southern
966:Wilson Don E, Reeder DeeAnn M (1993).
832:
830:
828:
613:Antarctic fur seals feed primarily on
400:Antarctic fur seals have been found.
268:) is one of eight seals in the genus
7:
8183:Least concern biota of South America
321:), and the Juan Fernandez fur seal (
8133:IUCN Red List least concern species
3706:South African small-spotted genet (
2265:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
848:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
8168:Fauna of the Prince Edward Islands
1971:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01063.x
1273:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1997.tb00631.x
1238:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1992.tb00123.x
788:, could be reduced as a result of
466:and Bouvet Island in the Southern
325:), as well as the South American (
25:
4050:Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose (
955:. Academic Press. pp. 36–42.
673:at Salisbury Plain, South Georgia
518:Antarctic fur seal swimming near
454:. Breeding colonies are found at
317:), and South American fur seals (
8173:Least concern biota of Australia
1653:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01238.x
1082:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03041.x
357:are mixtures from both regions.
109:
8178:Least concern biota of Oceania
8163:Fauna of the Kerguelen Islands
2084:Open Access Emergency Medicine
1753:Marine Ecology Progress Series
1712:Marine Ecology Progress Series
953:Encyclopedia of marine mammals
371:Salisbury Plain, South Georgia
1:
8158:Fauna of subantarctic islands
3462:Malabar large-spotted civet (
2304:Australian Antarctic Division
1917:10.1016/S0025-326X(96)00053-7
562:when foraging and migrating.
329:) and New Zealand sea lions (
8218:Taxa named by Wilhelm Peters
7724:Indonesian mountain weasel (
7380:North American river otter (
6268:Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk (
3322:Macrogalidia musschenbroekii
2192:10.1016/0025-326X(90)90590-5
2135:Journal of Wildlife Diseases
968:Mammals species of the world
589:, and Notothenids, although
4585:Somalian slender mongoose (
1689:10.1016/j.jembe.2010.08.015
1045:. Food and Agriculture Org.
1043:Marine mammals of the world
769:on the spread of diseases.
446:Antarctic fur seals have a
369:Antarctic fur seal pups on
49:Male Antarctic fur seal on
8234:
8213:Pinnipeds of South America
7538:Asian small-clawed otter (
6277:American hog-nosed skunk (
6259:Molina's hog-nosed skunk (
4567:Angolan slender mongoose (
4262:Ethiopian dwarf mongoose (
3311:Small-toothed palm civet (
2148:10.7589/0090-3558-48.3.632
1438:10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.10.009
782:stresses of climate change
772:Finally, the 19th century
749:As well as the effects of
8188:Mammals described in 1875
7443:
7351:
7305:Saharan striped polecat (
7276:
7173:
6991:
6750:
6735:
6722:
6444:
6286:Striped hog-nosed skunk (
6192:
6179:
6115:
6017:Mediterranean monk seal (
6012:
5860:
5825:
5746:Juan Fernández fur seal (
5710:South American fur seal (
5681:
5645:South American sea lion (
5640:
5586:
5499:
5483:
5326:
5118:
5027:South American gray fox (
4971:
4930:
4713:
4651:
4635:
4603:Common slender mongoose (
4469:
4347:
4233:
4183:
4076:Narrow-striped mongoose (
4071:
4021:
3949:
3845:
3787:
3783:
3770:
3734:
3598:Crested servaline genet (
3424:
3387:
3297:
3224:
3211:
3000:
2946:
2721:
2512:
2492:
2439:
2422:
2407:
2391:
2353:
2294:Fur Seal Preys on Penguin
2172:Marine Pollution Bulletin
2074:Kouliev T, Cui V (2015).
2044:10.1007/s00300-005-0732-7
1897:Marine Pollution Bulletin
1632:Journal of Animal Ecology
1381:10.1007/s00300-005-0037-x
1180:10.1007/s00300-008-0500-6
1133:10.1007/s10592-006-9269-8
927:10.1017/S0954102093000045
439:), some are stable (e.g.
252:Antarctic fur seal range
251:
242:
224:
217:
106:Scientific classification
104:
87:
65:
56:
48:
39:
34:
7661:Stoat/Beringian ermine (
7529:African clawless otter (
7281:African striped weasel (
7094:Yellow-throated marten (
6970:Formosan ferret-badger (
6674:Western mountain coati (
6665:Eastern mountain coati (
6582:Western lowland olingo (
6564:Eastern lowland olingo (
6392:Southern spotted skunk (
6086:Southern elephant seal (
6077:Northern elephant seal (
5867:Pagophilus groenlandicus
4644:("dog-like" carnivorans)
4457:Stripe-necked mongoose (
4078:Mungotictis decemlineata
2953:Herpailurus yagouaroundi
2400:("cat-like" carnivorans)
2254:Hofmeyr, G.J.G. (2016).
2218:. CCAMLR. 24 March 2016.
1936:Report SC-CAMLR-XIV/BG/8
1359:pups at South Georgia".
837:Hofmeyr, G.J.G. (2016).
669:Antarctic fur seals and
8203:Pinnipeds of Antarctica
7706:Yellow-bellied weasel (
6961:Burmese ferret-badger (
6943:Chinese ferret-badger (
6934:Bornean ferret badger (
6925:Vietnam ferret-badger (
6410:Eastern spotted skunk (
6401:Western spotted skunk (
6131:Leptonychotes weddellii
5773:Subantarctic fur seal (
5719:Australasian fur seal (
4543:Black-footed mongoose (
4525:Bushy-tailed mongoose (
4474:White-tailed mongoose (
4412:Indian brown mongoose (
4394:Short-tailed mongoose (
4385:Small Indian mongoose (
4322:Flat-headed kusimanse (
4295:Alexander's kusimanse (
4271:Common dwarf mongoose (
4238:Pousargues's mongoose (
4100:Brown-tailed mongoose (
4059:Grandidier's mongoose (
3313:Arctogalidia trivirgata
2537:Sunda clouded leopard (
649:rely more on a diet of
8208:Pinnipeds of Australia
7547:Congo clawless otter (
7450:Hydrictis maculicollis
7448:Spotted-necked otter (
7407:Southern river otter (
7358:Pteronura brasiliensis
7121:European pine marten (
6632:South American coati (
6360:Palawan stink badger (
5686:New Zealand sea lion (
4751:Japanese raccoon dog (
4448:Crab-eating mongoose (
4403:Indian grey mongoose (
4026:Ring-tailed vontsira (
3837:(bone-crushing hyenas)
3532:Central African oyan (
3093:Chinese mountain cat (
1303:10.1098/rstb.1992.0152
682:
674:
522:
464:South Shetland Islands
373:
8066:Paleobiology Database
7902:arctocephalus-gazella
7889:Arctocephalus_gazella
7876:Arctocephalus_gazella
7862:Arctocephalus gazella
7832:Arctocephalus gazella
7787:Back-striped weasel (
7733:Black-footed ferret (
7505:Smooth-coated otter (
7283:Poecilogale albinucha
6952:Javan ferret-badger (
6838:Sumatran hog badger (
6820:Northern hog badger (
6514:Crab-eating raccoon (
6419:Pygmy spotted skunk (
6140:Lobodon carcinophagus
5876:Histriophoca fasciata
5669:Australian sea lion (
5615:California sea lion (
5364:American black bear (
5106:Black-backed jackal (
5097:Side-striped jackal (
4937:Chrysocyon brachyurus
4361:Long-nosed mongoose (
3634:Rusty-spotted genet (
3471:Large-spotted civet (
3320:Sulawesi palm civet (
3249:Owston's palm civet (
2823:Andean mountain cat (
2258:Arctocephalus gazella
2078:Arctocephalus gazella
1932:Arctocephalus gazelle
1706:Arctocephalus gazella
1605:10.1007/s003000050261
1487:Arctocephalus gazella
1456:Arctocephalus gazella
1409:Arctocephalus gazella
1357:Arctocephalus gazella
1253:Marine Mammal Science
1218:Marine Mammal Science
1156:Arctocephalus gazella
1113:Conservation Genetics
990:Ecology and Evolution
905:) at South Georgia".
903:Arctocephalus gazella
841:Arctocephalus gazella
774:population bottleneck
736:resources may exist.
680:
668:
517:
452:Antarctic Convergence
368:
265:Arctocephalus gazella
228:Arctocephalus gazella
8193:Mammals of Argentina
7602:Long-tailed weasel (
7180:Lyncodon patagonicus
6829:Greater hog badger (
6351:Sunda stink badger (
6041:Hawaiian monk seal (
5764:Guadalupe fur seal (
5737:Antarctic fur seal (
5728:Galápagos fur seal (
5624:Galápagos sea lion (
4742:Common raccoon dog (
4594:Cape gray mongoose (
4534:Jackson's mongoose (
4494:Paracynictis selousi
4485:Cynictis penicillata
4109:Durrell's vontsira (
3697:Giant forest genet (
3489:Large Indian civet (
3429:Small Indian civet (
3038:Sunda leopard cat (
2814:Southern tiger cat (
2750:African golden cat (
2427:African palm civet (
2299:Facts about Fur Seal
2272:: e.T2058A66993062.
2230:"Front | CITES"
877:"Appendices | CITES"
855:: e.T2058A66993062.
460:South Orkney Islands
27:Species of carnivore
8143:Fauna of Antarctica
7645:M. aistoodonnivalis
7481:Hairy-nosed otter (
7398:Neotropical otter (
7178:Patagonian weasel (
6641:White-nosed coati (
5841:Cystophora cristata
5832:Erignathus barbatus
5565:Northern fur seal (
5342:Helarctos malayanus
4978:Atelocynus microtis
4685:U. cinereoargenteus
4576:Egyptian mongoose (
4503:Rhynchogale melleri
4501:Meller's mongoose (
4492:Selous's mongoose (
4476:Ichneumia albicauda
4430:Collared mongoose (
4304:Angolan kusimanse (
4188:Liberian mongoose (
3541:West African oyan (
3440:Civettictis civetta
3371:Golden palm civet (
3329:Masked palm civet (
3304:Arctictis binturong
3278:Hemigalus derbyanus
3276:Banded palm civet (
3267:Hose's palm civet (
3056:Rusty-spotted cat (
2184:1990MarPB..21..280L
2097:10.2147/OAEM.S75442
2036:2005PoBio..28..725H
1909:1997MarPB..34...61W
1832:10.1038/nature13542
1824:2014Natur.511..462F
1765:2006MEPS..310...77L
1724:2001MEPS..219..251G
1644:2007JAnEc..76..826C
1597:1998PoBio..19..365C
1554:10.1038/nature05558
1546:2007Natur.445..912H
1503:1989PoBio...9..155D
1489:at South Georgia".
1430:2017DSRII.140..171A
1373:2006PoBio..29..179W
1265:1997MMamS..13..241W
1230:1992MMamS...8...37A
1201:Shirihai H (2006).
1172:2009PoBio..32...41A
1125:2007ConG....8.1133K
1074:2006MolEc..15.3681L
1002:2013EcoEv...3.3701B
919:1993AntSc...5...17B
796:Conservation status
790:ocean acidification
59:Conservation status
35:Antarctic fur seal
7760:European polecat (
7593:Colombian weasel (
7243:(African polecats)
6871:Caucasian badger (
6799:(Eurasian badgers)
6249:(hog-nosed skunks)
5986:("southern seals")
5885:Halichoerus grypus
5816:("northern seals")
5688:Phocarctos hookeri
5593:Eumetopias jubatus
5591:Steller sea lion (
5373:Asian black bear (
5123:African wild dog (
5077:(wolf-like canids)
4354:Atilax paludinosus
4313:Common kusimanse (
4240:Dologale dybowskii
4212:Gambian mongoose (
3996:Western falanouc (
3987:Eastern falanouc (
3956:Cryptoprocta ferox
3861:Parahyaena brunnea
3616:Johnston's genet (
3571:Abyssinian genet (
3523:(African linsangs)
3431:Viverricula indica
3362:Brown palm civet (
3353:Asian palm civet (
3260:Cynogale bennettii
3251:Chrotogale owstoni
3147:European wildcat (
3138:Black-footed cat (
2728:Leptailurus serval
2696:Asian golden cat (
2462:(Asiatic linsangs)
1959:Journal of Zoology
1863:Antarctic Research
1774:10.3354/meps310077
1733:10.3354/meps219251
1511:10.1007/BF00297170
1340:Arthur BT (2016).
1205:. A. and C. Black.
1058:Arctocephalus spp.
683:
675:
523:
374:
331:Phocarctos hookeri
260:Antarctic fur seal
18:Antarctic Fur Seal
8120:
8119:
8053:Open Tree of Life
7824:Taxon identifiers
7815:
7814:
7811:
7810:
7807:
7806:
7803:
7802:
7799:
7798:
7778:Siberian weasel (
7769:American ermine (
7697:Japanese weasel (
7652:Mountain weasel (
7636:
7559:
7558:
7345:
7330:
7329:
7326:
7325:
7314:Striped polecat (
7264:Marbled polecat (
7246:
7231:
7230:
7203:
7151:
7150:
7130:Japanese marten (
7076:American marten (
7069:
6927:M. cucphuongensis
6918:
6901:
6900:
6889:European badger (
6862:Japanese badger (
6802:
6755:American badger (
6718:
6717:
6714:
6713:
6690:
6689:
6686:
6685:
6614:
6573:Northern olingo (
6557:
6532:Cozumel raccoon (
6507:
6431:
6430:
6385:
6344:
6252:
6233:
6175:
6174:
6171:
6170:
6167:
6166:
6163:
6162:
6159:
6158:
6149:Ommatophoca rossi
6122:Hydrurga leptonyx
6109:
6106:(Antarctic seals)
6079:M. angustirostris
6070:
6053:
6052:
6019:Monachus monachus
6006:
5989:
5974:
5973:
5970:
5969:
5819:
5802:
5785:
5784:
5647:Otaria flavescens
5636:
5635:
5547:
5515:Odobenus rosmarus
5479:
5478:
5475:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5430:
5407:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5305:Spectacled bear (
5263:
5239:
5238:
5235:
5234:
5231:
5230:
5079:
5066:
5065:
4985:Crab-eating fox (
4976:Short-eared dog (
4924:
4909:
4896:
4895:
4778:
4720:Otocyon megalotis
4664:
4631:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4483:Yellow mongoose (
4334:
4333:
4221:Banded mongoose (
4190:Liberiictus kuhni
4144:
4125:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4008:
4007:
3934:
3903:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3839:
3800:
3766:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3730:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3670:Servaline genet (
3589:Bourlon's genet (
3564:
3525:
3501:
3500:
3383:
3382:
3355:P. hermaphroditus
3207:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3120:African wildcat (
3077:
3076:
3047:Flat-headed cat (
2987:
2986:
2771:
2770:
2708:
2707:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2546:Clouded leopard (
2505:
2480:Spotted linsang (
2464:
2429:Nandinia binotata
1953:Hydrurga leptonyx
1329:. SCAR-EGS. 2008.
1297:(1285): 319–328.
1068:(12): 3681–3692.
1062:Molecular Ecology
907:Antarctic Science
714:industry for its
661:Population status
647:Kerguelen Islands
633:are dependent on
571:Euphausia superba
433:Kerguelen Islands
347:Macquarie Islands
327:Otaria flavescens
284:Kerguelen Islands
256:
255:
99:
82:
16:(Redirected from
8225:
8198:Mammals of Chile
8113:
8112:
8100:
8099:
8087:
8086:
8074:
8073:
8061:
8060:
8048:
8047:
8035:
8034:
8022:
8021:
8009:
8008:
7996:
7995:
7983:
7982:
7970:
7969:
7957:
7956:
7944:
7943:
7931:
7930:
7918:
7917:
7905:
7904:
7892:
7891:
7879:
7878:
7866:
7865:
7864:
7851:
7850:
7849:
7819:
7751:Malayan weasel (
7670:Steppe polecat (
7643:Sichuan weasel (
7635:
7634:
7630:
7570:
7507:L. perspicillata
7472:Eurasian otter (
7349:
7344:
7343:
7339:
7250:
7245:
7244:
7240:
7219:Greater grison (
7202:
7201:
7197:
7171:
7162:
7112:Nilgiri marten (
7085:Pacific marten (
7068:
7067:
7063:
6989:
6972:M. subaurantiaca
6917:
6916:
6915:(ferret-badgers)
6912:
6806:
6801:
6800:
6796:
6748:
6737:
6724:
6618:
6613:
6612:
6608:
6556:
6555:
6551:
6506:
6505:
6501:
6442:
6384:
6383:
6382:(spotted skunks)
6379:
6343:
6342:
6338:
6251:
6250:
6246:
6237:
6232:
6231:
6223:
6194:
6181:
6138:Crabeater seal (
6113:
6108:
6107:
6103:
6069:
6068:
6067:(elephant seals)
6064:
6043:N. schauinslandi
6010:
6005:
6004:
6000:
5993:
5988:
5987:
5983:
5858:
5823:
5818:
5817:
5813:
5806:
5801:
5800:
5794:
5755:Brown fur seal (
5730:A. galapagoensis
5617:Z. californianus
5584:
5551:
5546:
5545:
5531:
5501:
5493:
5485:
5429:
5428:
5424:
5418:
5333:Melursus ursinus
5324:
5267:
5262:
5259:
5252:
5219:Ethiopian wolf (
5083:
5078:
5075:
4928:
4923:
4920:
4913:
4908:
4905:
4794:Blanford's fox (
4777:
4770:
4711:
4669:
4663:
4660:
4653:
4645:
4637:
4439:Ruddy mongoose (
4421:Javan mongoose (
4352:Marsh mongoose (
4345:
4324:C. platycephalus
4157:
4148:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4019:
3963:Malagasy civet (
3947:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3921:
3916:
3843:
3838:
3835:
3804:
3799:
3796:
3789:
3785:
3772:
3736:
3563:
3560:
3524:
3521:
3512:
3422:
3418:
3407:
3402:
3389:
3295:
3237:
3226:
3213:
3007:Otocolobus manul
2998:
2920:
2796:Geoffroy's cat (
2719:
2649:
2640:
2635:
2523:
2514:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2494:
2471:Banded linsang (
2463:
2460:
2452:
2441:
2420:
2409:
2401:
2393:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2315:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2281:
2238:
2237:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2150:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2109:
2099:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2021:
2012:
2006:
2005:
1996:(8): 2863–2877.
1981:
1975:
1974:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1655:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1451:
1442:
1441:
1415:
1402:
1393:
1392:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1320:
1307:
1306:
1286:
1277:
1276:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1119:(5): 1133–1145.
1108:
1102:
1101:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1021:
1010:10.1002/ece3.732
981:
972:
971:
963:
957:
956:
948:
939:
938:
898:
892:
891:
889:
887:
873:
867:
866:
864:
834:
643:Macquarie Island
581:are principally
500:Falkland Islands
486:in the Southern
441:Macquarie Island
437:McDonald Islands
313:), New Zealand (
247:
230:
114:
113:
93:
76:
71:
70:
44:
32:
21:
8233:
8232:
8228:
8227:
8226:
8224:
8223:
8222:
8123:
8122:
8121:
8116:
8108:
8103:
8095:
8090:
8082:
8077:
8069:
8064:
8056:
8051:
8043:
8038:
8030:
8027:Observation.org
8025:
8017:
8012:
8004:
7999:
7991:
7986:
7978:
7973:
7965:
7960:
7952:
7947:
7939:
7934:
7926:
7921:
7913:
7908:
7900:
7895:
7887:
7882:
7874:
7869:
7860:
7859:
7854:
7845:
7844:
7839:
7826:
7816:
7795:
7771:M. richardsonii
7715:European mink (
7632:
7631:
7629:
7619:
7611:American mink (
7584:Amazon weasel (
7555:
7513:
7489:
7456:
7439:
7415:
7364:
7341:
7340:
7338:
7322:
7289:
7272:
7242:
7241:
7239:
7227:
7210:Lesser grison (
7199:
7198:
7196:
7186:
7147:
7065:
7064:
7062:
7052:
7028:
7004:
6978:
6914:
6913:
6911:
6897:
6846:
6798:
6797:
6795:
6787:
6763:
6744:
6731:
6710:
6682:
6649:
6610:
6609:
6607:
6599:
6553:
6552:
6550:
6540:
6503:
6502:
6500:
6490:
6457:
6427:
6394:S. angustifrons
6381:
6380:
6378:
6368:
6341:(stink badgers)
6340:
6339:
6337:
6327:
6319:Striped skunk (
6294:
6288:C. semistriatus
6248:
6247:
6245:
6225:
6224:
6222:
6214:
6208:Ailurus fulgens
6188:
6155:
6105:
6104:
6102:
6094:
6066:
6065:
6063:
6049:
6025:
6002:
6001:
5999:
5985:
5984:
5982:
5966:
5924:
5891:
5847:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5798:
5796:
5795:
5793:
5781:
5694:
5677:
5653:
5632:
5599:
5573:
5540:
5535:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5526:
5521:
5495:
5491:
5463:
5443:
5426:
5425:
5399:
5348:
5313:
5289:
5260:
5258:
5248:
5227:
5156:Golden jackal (
5140:
5114:
5076:
5074:
5062:
4993:
4987:Cerdocyon thous
4967:
4943:
4921:
4919:
4906:
4904:
4892:
4857:Rüppell's fox (
4771:
4769:
4759:
4744:N. procyonoides
4726:
4718:Bat-eared fox (
4700:
4665:
4661:
4647:
4643:
4611:
4596:H. pulverulenta
4551:
4509:
4465:
4432:U. semitorquata
4387:U. auropunctata
4369:
4330:
4279:
4246:
4229:
4196:
4179:
4141:
4139:
4134:
4133:
4117:
4084:
4067:
4034:
4028:Galidia elegans
4004:
3971:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3917:
3912:
3891:
3883:Spotted hyena (
3867:
3850:Striped hyena (
3836:
3834:
3826:
3797:
3795:
3779:
3754:
3714:
3652:Aquatic genet (
3643:Pardine genet (
3580:Angolan genet (
3561:
3559:
3549:
3534:P. richardsonii
3522:
3520:
3497:
3480:Malayan civet (
3446:
3438:African civet (
3414:
3413:
3403:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3379:
3337:
3284:
3269:Diplogale hosei
3233:
3220:
3195:
3155:
3073:
3013:
2993:
2983:
2959:
2942:
2915:
2909:
2883:Eurasian lynx (
2858:
2767:
2734:
2714:
2704:
2671:
2644:
2636:
2631:
2614:
2554:
2506:
2502:
2488:
2461:
2448:
2435:
2416:
2403:
2399:
2387:
2349:
2342:
2284:
2282:
2253:
2247:
2242:
2241:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2009:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1818:(7510): 462–5.
1809:
1808:
1804:
1794:
1792:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1540:(7130): 912–4.
1531:
1530:
1526:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1472:10.1139/f97-314
1453:
1452:
1445:
1413:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1310:
1288:
1287:
1280:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1040:
1039:
1035:
996:(11): 37–3712.
983:
982:
975:
965:
964:
960:
950:
949:
942:
900:
899:
895:
885:
883:
875:
874:
870:
836:
835:
826:
821:
798:
780:to disease and
708:
663:
611:
567:Antarctic krill
553:but relatively
520:Clarence Island
512:
502:, and southern
413:
363:
292:
276:Arctocephalinae
238:
232:
226:
213:
210:A. gazella
108:
100:
83:
72:
68:
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8231:
8229:
8221:
8220:
8215:
8210:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8190:
8185:
8180:
8175:
8170:
8165:
8160:
8155:
8150:
8145:
8140:
8135:
8125:
8124:
8118:
8117:
8115:
8114:
8101:
8088:
8075:
8062:
8049:
8036:
8023:
8010:
7997:
7984:
7971:
7958:
7945:
7932:
7919:
7906:
7893:
7880:
7867:
7852:
7836:
7834:
7828:
7827:
7822:
7813:
7812:
7809:
7808:
7805:
7804:
7801:
7800:
7797:
7796:
7794:
7793:
7789:M. strigidorsa
7784:
7775:
7766:
7757:
7748:
7742:Least weasel (
7739:
7730:
7721:
7712:
7703:
7694:
7688:Haida ermine (
7685:
7676:
7672:M. eversmannii
7667:
7658:
7649:
7639:
7637:
7621:
7620:
7618:
7617:
7608:
7599:
7590:
7580:
7578:
7567:
7561:
7560:
7557:
7556:
7554:
7553:
7544:
7535:
7525:
7523:
7515:
7514:
7512:
7511:
7501:
7499:
7491:
7490:
7488:
7487:
7478:
7468:
7466:
7458:
7457:
7455:
7454:
7444:
7441:
7440:
7438:
7437:
7427:
7425:
7417:
7416:
7414:
7413:
7404:
7400:L. longicaudis
7395:
7389:Marine otter (
7386:
7376:
7374:
7366:
7365:
7363:
7362:
7352:
7346:
7332:
7331:
7328:
7327:
7324:
7323:
7321:
7320:
7311:
7301:
7299:
7291:
7290:
7288:
7287:
7277:
7274:
7273:
7271:
7270:
7260:
7258:
7247:
7233:
7232:
7229:
7228:
7226:
7225:
7216:
7206:
7204:
7188:
7187:
7185:
7184:
7174:
7168:
7159:
7153:
7152:
7149:
7148:
7146:
7145:
7136:
7127:
7118:
7109:
7103:Beech marten (
7100:
7091:
7082:
7072:
7070:
7054:
7053:
7051:
7050:
7040:
7038:
7030:
7029:
7027:
7026:
7016:
7014:
7006:
7005:
7003:
7002:
6992:
6986:
6980:
6979:
6977:
6976:
6967:
6958:
6949:
6940:
6931:
6921:
6919:
6903:
6902:
6899:
6898:
6896:
6895:
6886:
6880:Asian badger (
6877:
6868:
6858:
6856:
6848:
6847:
6845:
6844:
6835:
6826:
6822:A. albogularis
6816:
6814:
6803:
6789:
6788:
6786:
6785:
6779:Honey badger (
6775:
6773:
6765:
6764:
6762:
6761:
6751:
6745:
6740:
6733:
6732:
6727:
6720:
6719:
6716:
6715:
6712:
6711:
6709:
6708:
6707:
6706:
6700:
6698:
6692:
6691:
6688:
6687:
6684:
6683:
6681:
6680:
6671:
6661:
6659:
6651:
6650:
6648:
6647:
6638:
6628:
6626:
6615:
6601:
6600:
6598:
6597:
6588:
6579:
6570:
6560:
6558:
6542:
6541:
6539:
6538:
6529:
6520:
6516:P. cancrivorus
6510:
6508:
6492:
6491:
6489:
6488:
6484:B. sumichrasti
6479:
6469:
6467:
6459:
6458:
6456:
6455:
6445:
6439:
6433:
6432:
6429:
6428:
6426:
6425:
6416:
6407:
6398:
6388:
6386:
6370:
6369:
6367:
6366:
6357:
6347:
6345:
6329:
6328:
6326:
6325:
6316:
6310:Hooded skunk (
6306:
6304:
6296:
6295:
6293:
6292:
6283:
6274:
6265:
6255:
6253:
6234:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6212:
6202:
6200:
6190:
6189:
6184:
6177:
6176:
6173:
6172:
6169:
6168:
6165:
6164:
6161:
6160:
6157:
6156:
6154:
6153:
6144:
6135:
6129:Weddell seal (
6126:
6120:Leopard seal (
6116:
6110:
6096:
6095:
6093:
6092:
6083:
6073:
6071:
6055:
6054:
6051:
6050:
6048:
6047:
6037:
6035:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6023:
6013:
6007:
5990:
5976:
5975:
5972:
5971:
5968:
5967:
5965:
5964:
5955:
5946:
5940:Caspian seal (
5936:
5934:
5926:
5925:
5923:
5922:
5913:
5907:Spotted seal (
5903:
5901:
5893:
5892:
5890:
5889:
5880:
5871:
5861:
5855:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5845:
5836:
5830:Bearded seal (
5826:
5820:
5803:
5799:or true seals)
5797:(earless seals
5787:
5786:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5779:
5770:
5761:
5752:
5743:
5734:
5725:
5716:
5706:
5704:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5692:
5682:
5679:
5678:
5676:
5675:
5665:
5663:
5655:
5654:
5652:
5651:
5641:
5638:
5637:
5634:
5633:
5631:
5630:
5621:
5611:
5609:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5597:
5587:
5581:
5575:
5574:
5572:
5571:
5561:
5559:
5548:
5523:
5522:
5520:
5519:
5509:
5507:
5497:
5496:
5488:
5481:
5480:
5477:
5476:
5473:
5472:
5469:
5468:
5465:
5464:
5462:
5461:
5460:
5459:
5453:
5451:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5433:
5431:
5415:
5409:
5408:
5405:
5404:
5401:
5400:
5398:
5397:
5388:
5379:
5370:
5360:
5358:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5346:
5337:
5327:
5321:
5315:
5314:
5312:
5311:
5301:
5299:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5287:
5283:A. melanoleuca
5277:
5275:
5264:
5249:
5244:
5241:
5240:
5237:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5229:
5228:
5226:
5225:
5216:
5207:
5201:Eastern wolf (
5198:
5189:
5183:African wolf (
5180:
5171:
5165:Domestic dog (
5162:
5152:
5150:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5138:
5129:
5119:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5112:
5103:
5093:
5091:
5080:
5068:
5067:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5060:
5051:
5045:Sechuran fox (
5042:
5038:L. gymnocercus
5033:
5024:
5018:Darwin's fox (
5015:
5005:
5003:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4991:
4982:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4965:
4955:
4953:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4941:
4931:
4925:
4910:
4898:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4890:
4881:
4872:
4863:
4854:
4845:
4836:
4827:
4818:
4809:
4800:
4791:
4787:V. bengalensis
4781:
4779:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4757:
4748:
4738:
4736:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4714:
4708:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4689:
4679:
4677:
4666:
4656:
4649:
4648:
4640:
4633:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4600:
4591:
4582:
4573:
4563:
4561:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4549:
4540:
4531:
4527:B. crassicauda
4521:
4519:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4507:
4498:
4489:
4480:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4454:
4445:
4436:
4427:
4418:
4409:
4400:
4391:
4381:
4379:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4367:
4358:
4348:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4328:
4319:
4310:
4301:
4291:
4289:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4268:
4258:
4256:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4218:
4208:
4206:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4177:
4167:
4165:
4154:
4145:
4127:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4106:
4096:
4094:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4061:G. grandidieri
4056:
4046:
4044:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4022:
4016:
4010:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3993:
3983:
3981:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3960:
3950:
3944:
3935:
3918:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3879:
3877:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3856:
3846:
3840:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3814:
3812:
3801:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3768:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3744:
3742:
3732:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3703:
3694:
3685:
3676:
3667:
3658:
3649:
3640:
3631:
3625:Letaba genet (
3622:
3613:
3607:Common genet (
3604:
3595:
3586:
3577:
3567:
3565:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3547:
3538:
3528:
3526:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3486:
3477:
3468:
3458:
3456:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3435:
3425:
3419:
3404:
3392:
3385:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3373:P. zeylonensis
3368:
3359:
3349:
3347:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3331:Paguma larvata
3326:
3317:
3308:
3298:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3273:
3264:
3255:
3245:
3243:
3234:
3229:
3222:
3221:
3216:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3185:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3144:
3135:
3126:
3117:
3108:
3102:Domestic cat (
3099:
3089:
3087:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3062:
3058:P. rubiginosus
3053:
3044:
3035:
3031:P. bengalensis
3025:
3023:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3005:Pallas's cat (
3001:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2971:
2969:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2930:
2928:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2898:
2892:Iberian lynx (
2889:
2880:
2870:
2868:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2847:
2838:
2829:
2820:
2811:
2802:
2793:
2783:
2781:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2756:
2746:
2744:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2722:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2693:
2683:
2681:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2659:
2657:
2646:
2637:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2603:
2594:
2585:
2576:
2570:Snow leopard (
2566:
2564:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2543:
2533:
2531:
2520:
2507:
2497:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2477:
2467:
2465:
2449:
2444:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2423:
2417:
2412:
2405:
2404:
2396:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2383:Laurasiatheria
2379:
2373:
2367:
2361:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2246:
2245:External links
2243:
2240:
2239:
2221:
2207:
2178:(6): 280–284.
2162:
2141:(3): 632–645.
2121:
2066:
2057:
2030:(9): 725–731.
2007:
1976:
1941:
1922:
1887:
1868:
1853:
1802:
1780:
1739:
1694:
1667:
1638:(4): 826–836.
1618:
1591:(6): 826–836.
1575:
1524:
1497:(3): 155–160.
1477:
1466:(4): 845–852.
1443:
1394:
1367:(3): 179–188.
1347:
1332:
1308:
1278:
1259:(2): 241–292.
1243:
1208:
1193:
1146:
1103:
1048:
1033:
973:
958:
940:
893:
868:
823:
822:
820:
817:
797:
794:
767:global warming
731:recent years.
707:
704:
696:climate change
662:
659:
610:
607:
511:
508:
476:Crozet Islands
468:Atlantic Ocean
412:
409:
380:is a midsized
362:
359:
351:Crozet Islands
343:Marion Islands
291:
288:
254:
253:
249:
248:
240:
239:
233:
222:
221:
215:
214:
207:
205:
201:
200:
193:
189:
188:
183:
179:
178:
173:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
102:
101:
88:
85:
84:
66:
63:
62:
57:
54:
53:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8230:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8209:
8206:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8194:
8191:
8189:
8186:
8184:
8181:
8179:
8176:
8174:
8171:
8169:
8166:
8164:
8161:
8159:
8156:
8154:
8151:
8149:
8146:
8144:
8141:
8139:
8138:Arctocephalus
8136:
8134:
8131:
8130:
8128:
8111:
8106:
8102:
8098:
8093:
8089:
8085:
8080:
8076:
8072:
8067:
8063:
8059:
8054:
8050:
8046:
8041:
8037:
8033:
8028:
8024:
8020:
8015:
8011:
8007:
8002:
7998:
7994:
7989:
7985:
7981:
7976:
7972:
7968:
7963:
7959:
7955:
7950:
7946:
7942:
7937:
7933:
7929:
7924:
7920:
7916:
7911:
7907:
7903:
7898:
7894:
7890:
7885:
7881:
7877:
7872:
7868:
7863:
7857:
7853:
7848:
7842:
7838:
7837:
7835:
7833:
7829:
7825:
7820:
7792:
7790:
7785:
7783:
7781:
7776:
7774:
7772:
7767:
7765:
7763:
7758:
7756:
7754:
7749:
7747:
7745:
7740:
7738:
7736:
7731:
7729:
7727:
7726:M. lutreolina
7722:
7720:
7718:
7713:
7711:
7709:
7704:
7702:
7700:
7695:
7693:
7691:
7686:
7684:
7682:
7677:
7675:
7673:
7668:
7666:
7664:
7659:
7657:
7655:
7650:
7648:
7646:
7641:
7640:
7638:
7628:
7627:
7622:
7616:
7614:
7609:
7607:
7605:
7600:
7598:
7596:
7591:
7589:
7587:
7582:
7581:
7579:
7577:
7576:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7562:
7552:
7550:
7545:
7543:
7541:
7536:
7534:
7532:
7527:
7526:
7524:
7522:
7521:
7516:
7510:
7508:
7503:
7502:
7500:
7498:
7497:
7492:
7486:
7484:
7479:
7477:
7475:
7470:
7469:
7467:
7465:
7464:
7459:
7453:
7451:
7446:
7445:
7442:
7436:
7434:
7429:
7428:
7426:
7424:
7423:
7418:
7412:
7410:
7405:
7403:
7401:
7396:
7394:
7392:
7387:
7385:
7383:
7382:L. canadensis
7378:
7377:
7375:
7373:
7372:
7367:
7361:
7359:
7356:Giant otter (
7354:
7353:
7350:
7347:
7337:
7333:
7319:
7317:
7312:
7310:
7308:
7303:
7302:
7300:
7298:
7297:
7292:
7286:
7284:
7279:
7278:
7275:
7269:
7267:
7262:
7261:
7259:
7257:
7256:
7251:
7248:
7238:
7234:
7224:
7222:
7217:
7215:
7213:
7208:
7207:
7205:
7195:
7194:
7189:
7183:
7181:
7176:
7175:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7154:
7144:
7142:
7137:
7135:
7133:
7128:
7126:
7124:
7119:
7117:
7115:
7114:M. gwatkinsii
7110:
7108:
7106:
7101:
7099:
7097:
7092:
7090:
7088:
7083:
7081:
7079:
7074:
7073:
7071:
7061:
7060:
7055:
7049:
7047:
7042:
7041:
7039:
7037:
7036:
7031:
7025:
7023:
7018:
7017:
7015:
7013:
7012:
7007:
7001:
6999:
6994:
6993:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6981:
6975:
6973:
6968:
6966:
6964:
6959:
6957:
6955:
6954:M. orientalis
6950:
6948:
6946:
6941:
6939:
6937:
6932:
6930:
6928:
6923:
6922:
6920:
6910:
6909:
6904:
6894:
6892:
6887:
6885:
6883:
6878:
6876:
6874:
6869:
6867:
6865:
6860:
6859:
6857:
6855:
6854:
6849:
6843:
6841:
6836:
6834:
6832:
6827:
6825:
6823:
6818:
6817:
6815:
6813:
6812:
6807:
6804:
6794:
6790:
6784:
6782:
6777:
6776:
6774:
6772:
6771:
6766:
6760:
6758:
6757:Taxidea taxus
6753:
6752:
6749:
6746:
6743:
6738:
6734:
6730:
6725:
6721:
6704:
6703:
6702:
6701:
6699:
6697:
6693:
6679:
6677:
6672:
6670:
6668:
6667:N. meridensis
6663:
6662:
6660:
6658:
6657:
6652:
6646:
6644:
6639:
6637:
6635:
6630:
6629:
6627:
6625:
6624:
6619:
6616:
6606:
6602:
6596:
6594:
6589:
6587:
6585:
6580:
6578:
6576:
6571:
6569:
6567:
6562:
6561:
6559:
6549:
6548:
6543:
6537:
6535:
6530:
6528:
6526:
6521:
6519:
6517:
6512:
6511:
6509:
6499:
6498:
6493:
6487:
6485:
6480:
6478:
6476:
6471:
6470:
6468:
6466:
6465:
6460:
6454:
6452:
6447:
6446:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6434:
6424:
6422:
6417:
6415:
6413:
6408:
6406:
6404:
6399:
6397:
6395:
6390:
6389:
6387:
6377:
6376:
6371:
6365:
6363:
6358:
6356:
6354:
6353:M. javanensis
6349:
6348:
6346:
6336:
6335:
6330:
6324:
6322:
6317:
6315:
6313:
6308:
6307:
6305:
6303:
6302:
6297:
6291:
6289:
6284:
6282:
6280:
6279:C. leuconotus
6275:
6273:
6271:
6270:C. humboldtii
6266:
6264:
6262:
6257:
6256:
6254:
6244:
6243:
6238:
6235:
6229:
6221:
6217:
6211:
6209:
6204:
6203:
6201:
6199:
6195:
6191:
6187:
6182:
6178:
6152:
6150:
6145:
6143:
6141:
6136:
6134:
6132:
6127:
6125:
6123:
6118:
6117:
6114:
6111:
6101:
6097:
6091:
6089:
6084:
6082:
6080:
6075:
6074:
6072:
6062:
6061:
6056:
6046:
6044:
6039:
6038:
6036:
6034:
6033:
6028:
6022:
6020:
6015:
6014:
6011:
6008:
5998:
5994:
5991:
5981:
5977:
5963:
5961:
5958:Baikal seal (
5956:
5954:
5952:
5949:Ringed seal (
5947:
5945:
5943:
5938:
5937:
5935:
5933:
5932:
5927:
5921:
5919:
5916:Harbor seal (
5914:
5912:
5910:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5900:
5899:
5894:
5888:
5886:
5881:
5879:
5877:
5874:Ribbon seal (
5872:
5870:
5868:
5863:
5862:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5850:
5844:
5842:
5839:Hooded seal (
5837:
5835:
5833:
5828:
5827:
5824:
5821:
5811:
5807:
5804:
5792:
5788:
5778:
5776:
5775:A. tropicalis
5771:
5769:
5767:
5762:
5760:
5758:
5753:
5751:
5749:
5744:
5742:
5740:
5735:
5733:
5731:
5726:
5724:
5722:
5717:
5715:
5713:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5703:
5702:
5701:Arctocephalus
5697:
5691:
5689:
5684:
5683:
5680:
5674:
5672:
5667:
5666:
5664:
5662:
5661:
5656:
5650:
5648:
5643:
5642:
5639:
5629:
5627:
5626:Z. wollebaeki
5622:
5620:
5618:
5613:
5612:
5610:
5608:
5607:
5602:
5596:
5594:
5589:
5588:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5576:
5570:
5568:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5558:
5557:
5552:
5549:
5543:
5538:
5534:(eared seals:
5529:
5524:
5518:
5516:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5506:
5502:
5498:
5494:
5486:
5482:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5450:
5446:
5437:
5436:
5435:
5434:
5432:
5423:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5410:
5396:
5394:
5389:
5387:
5385:
5380:
5378:
5376:
5375:U. thibetanus
5371:
5369:
5367:
5366:U. americanus
5362:
5361:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5351:
5345:
5343:
5338:
5336:
5334:
5329:
5328:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5316:
5310:
5308:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5292:
5286:
5284:
5281:Giant panda (
5279:
5278:
5276:
5274:
5273:
5268:
5265:
5257:
5253:
5250:
5247:
5242:
5224:
5222:
5217:
5215:
5213:
5208:
5206:
5204:
5199:
5197:
5195:
5190:
5188:
5186:
5181:
5179:
5177:
5172:
5170:
5168:
5167:C. familiaris
5163:
5161:
5159:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5149:
5148:
5143:
5137:
5135:
5130:
5128:
5126:
5125:Lycaon pictus
5121:
5120:
5117:
5111:
5109:
5104:
5102:
5100:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5090:
5089:
5084:
5081:
5073:
5069:
5059:
5057:
5052:
5050:
5048:
5043:
5041:
5039:
5034:
5032:
5030:
5025:
5023:
5021:
5016:
5014:
5012:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5002:
5001:
4996:
4990:
4988:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4974:
4973:
4970:
4964:
4962:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4952:
4951:
4946:
4940:
4938:
4933:
4932:
4929:
4926:
4918:
4914:
4911:
4903:
4899:
4889:
4887:
4882:
4880:
4878:
4873:
4871:
4869:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4855:
4853:
4851:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4837:
4835:
4833:
4828:
4826:
4824:
4821:Tibetan fox (
4819:
4817:
4815:
4810:
4808:
4806:
4801:
4799:
4797:
4792:
4790:
4788:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4775:
4768:
4767:
4762:
4756:
4754:
4753:N. viverrinus
4749:
4747:
4745:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4723:
4721:
4716:
4715:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4703:
4697:
4695:
4694:U. littoralis
4690:
4688:
4686:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4676:
4675:
4670:
4667:
4659:
4654:
4650:
4646:
4638:
4634:
4608:
4606:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4592:
4590:
4588:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4574:
4572:
4570:
4569:H. flavescens
4565:
4564:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4554:
4548:
4546:
4541:
4539:
4537:
4532:
4530:
4528:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4512:
4506:
4504:
4499:
4497:
4495:
4490:
4488:
4486:
4481:
4479:
4477:
4472:
4471:
4468:
4462:
4460:
4459:U. vitticolla
4455:
4453:
4451:
4446:
4444:
4442:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4428:
4426:
4424:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4366:
4364:
4363:Xenogale naso
4359:
4357:
4355:
4350:
4349:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4337:
4327:
4325:
4320:
4318:
4316:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4287:
4282:
4276:
4274:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4255:
4254:
4249:
4243:
4241:
4236:
4235:
4232:
4226:
4224:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4193:
4191:
4186:
4185:
4182:
4176:
4174:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4149:
4146:
4137:
4136:sensu stricto
4132:
4128:
4114:
4112:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4081:
4079:
4074:
4073:
4070:
4064:
4062:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4043:
4042:
4037:
4031:
4029:
4024:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4001:
3999:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3968:
3966:
3965:Fossa fossana
3961:
3959:
3957:
3952:
3951:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3926:
3922:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3906:
3888:
3886:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3864:
3862:
3859:Brown hyena (
3857:
3855:
3853:
3852:Hyaena hyaena
3848:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3833:
3829:
3823:
3821:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3802:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3773:
3769:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3711:
3709:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3679:Hausa genet (
3677:
3675:
3673:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3582:G. angolensis
3578:
3576:
3574:
3573:G. abyssinica
3569:
3568:
3566:
3558:
3557:
3552:
3546:
3544:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3494:
3492:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3482:V. tangalunga
3478:
3476:
3474:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3443:
3441:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3416:sensu stricto
3412:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3396:
3390:
3386:
3376:
3374:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3334:
3332:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3290:Paradoxurinae
3287:
3281:
3279:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3258:Otter civet (
3256:
3254:
3252:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3214:
3210:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3152:
3150:
3149:F. silvestris
3145:
3143:
3141:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3070:
3068:
3067:P. viverrinus
3065:Fishing cat (
3063:
3061:
3059:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3040:P. javanensis
3036:
3034:
3032:
3029:Leopard cat (
3027:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3010:
3008:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2990:
2980:
2978:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2956:
2954:
2949:
2948:
2945:
2939:
2937:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2918:
2912:
2906:
2904:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2876:L. canadensis
2874:Canada lynx (
2872:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2855:
2853:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2764:
2762:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2731:
2729:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2711:
2701:
2699:
2698:C. temminckii
2694:
2692:
2690:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2668:
2666:
2663:Marbled cat (
2661:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2647:
2641:
2638:
2634:
2633:sensu stricto
2630:
2625:
2611:
2609:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2551:
2549:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2500:
2495:
2491:
2485:
2483:
2482:P. pardicolor
2478:
2476:
2474:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2430:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2352:
2347:
2339:
2334:
2332:
2327:
2325:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2280:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2259:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2244:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2217:
2211:
2208:
2202:
2201:2027.42/28544
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2125:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2070:
2067:
2061:
2058:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2024:Polar Biology
2018:
2011:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1965:(1): 97–109.
1964:
1960:
1956:
1954:
1945:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1926:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1891:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1872:
1869:
1864:
1857:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1803:
1791:. 18 May 2017
1790:
1784:
1781:
1775:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1743:
1740:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1707:
1698:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1671:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1622:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1585:Polar Biology
1579:
1576:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1528:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1491:Polar Biology
1488:
1481:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1412:
1410:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1361:Polar Biology
1358:
1351:
1348:
1343:
1336:
1333:
1325:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1247:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1212:
1209:
1204:
1197:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1160:Polar Biology
1157:
1150:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1107:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1052:
1049:
1044:
1037:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
980:
978:
974:
969:
962:
959:
954:
947:
945:
941:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
897:
894:
882:
878:
872:
869:
863:
858:
854:
850:
849:
844:
842:
833:
831:
829:
825:
818:
816:
814:
810:
806:
801:
795:
793:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
770:
768:
764:
763:mating season
760:
756:
752:
747:
745:
741:
740:Leopard seals
737:
734:
729:
723:
721:
717:
713:
705:
703:
701:
697:
693:
689:
679:
672:
671:king penguins
667:
660:
658:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
631:South Georgia
628:
624:
620:
616:
608:
606:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
563:
561:
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
536:
532:
528:
521:
516:
509:
507:
505:
501:
497:
493:
492:Pacific Ocean
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
472:Marion Island
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
429:Bouvet Island
426:
422:
421:South Georgia
418:
410:
408:
405:
401:
399:
395:
394:hybridization
390:
388:
383:
379:
372:
367:
360:
358:
356:
352:
349:. Seals from
348:
344:
340:
339:Bouvet Island
336:
332:
328:
324:
323:A. phillippii
320:
316:
312:
311:A. tropicalis
308:
303:
301:
297:
296:Arctocephalus
289:
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
272:
271:Arctocephalus
267:
266:
261:
250:
246:
241:
236:
231:
229:
223:
220:
219:Binomial name
216:
212:
211:
206:
203:
202:
199:
198:
197:Arctocephalus
194:
191:
190:
187:
184:
181:
180:
177:
174:
171:
168:
167:
164:
161:
158:
157:
154:
151:
148:
147:
144:
141:
138:
137:
134:
131:
128:
127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
112:
107:
103:
97:
91:
86:
80:
75:
74:Least Concern
64:
60:
55:
52:
51:South Georgia
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
7831:
7788:
7779:
7770:
7761:
7752:
7743:
7734:
7725:
7716:
7707:
7698:
7689:
7680:
7671:
7662:
7653:
7644:
7624:
7612:
7603:
7594:
7585:
7573:
7548:
7539:
7530:
7518:
7506:
7494:
7483:L. sumatrana
7482:
7473:
7461:
7449:
7432:
7420:
7408:
7399:
7390:
7381:
7369:
7357:
7315:
7306:
7294:
7282:
7266:V. peregusna
7265:
7253:
7220:
7211:
7191:
7179:
7166:Lyncodontini
7157:Ictonychinae
7141:M. zibellina
7140:
7131:
7122:
7113:
7104:
7096:M. flavigula
7095:
7086:
7078:M. americana
7077:
7057:
7045:
7033:
7021:
7009:
6998:Eira barbara
6997:
6971:
6963:M. personata
6962:
6953:
6944:
6935:
6926:
6906:
6890:
6881:
6873:M. canescens
6872:
6863:
6851:
6839:
6830:
6821:
6809:
6780:
6768:
6756:
6675:
6666:
6654:
6642:
6633:
6621:
6592:
6583:
6574:
6565:
6545:
6533:
6524:
6515:
6495:
6483:
6482:Cacomistle (
6474:
6462:
6451:Potos flavus
6450:
6420:
6411:
6402:
6393:
6373:
6361:
6352:
6332:
6320:
6311:
6299:
6287:
6278:
6269:
6260:
6240:
6207:
6148:
6139:
6130:
6121:
6087:
6078:
6058:
6042:
6030:
6018:
6003:(monk seals)
5959:
5950:
5941:
5929:
5917:
5908:
5896:
5884:
5875:
5866:
5840:
5831:
5774:
5766:A. townsendi
5765:
5756:
5748:A. philippii
5747:
5738:
5736:
5729:
5720:
5712:A. australis
5711:
5699:
5687:
5670:
5658:
5646:
5625:
5616:
5604:
5592:
5566:
5554:
5514:
5393:U. maritimus
5392:
5391:Polar bear (
5383:
5382:Brown bear (
5374:
5365:
5353:
5341:
5332:
5331:Sloth bear (
5306:
5294:
5282:
5270:
5220:
5211:
5202:
5193:
5184:
5175:
5166:
5157:
5145:
5134:Cuon alpinus
5133:
5124:
5108:L. mesomelas
5107:
5098:
5086:
5055:
5046:
5037:
5036:Pampas fox (
5028:
5019:
5010:
4998:
4986:
4977:
4961:S. venaticus
4960:
4948:
4936:
4935:Maned wolf (
4917:Cerdocyonina
4885:
4884:Fennec fox (
4876:
4867:
4859:V. rueppelli
4858:
4849:
4840:
4831:
4830:Arctic fox (
4823:V. ferrilata
4822:
4813:
4812:Corsac fox (
4804:
4795:
4786:
4785:Bengal fox (
4764:
4752:
4743:
4731:
4719:
4693:
4692:Island fox (
4684:
4672:
4605:H. sanguinea
4604:
4595:
4586:
4578:H. ichneumon
4577:
4568:
4556:
4544:
4535:
4526:
4514:
4502:
4493:
4484:
4475:
4458:
4449:
4440:
4431:
4422:
4413:
4405:U. edwardsii
4404:
4396:U. brachyura
4395:
4386:
4374:
4362:
4353:
4323:
4314:
4305:
4297:C. alexandri
4296:
4284:
4272:
4263:
4251:
4239:
4222:
4214:M. gambianus
4213:
4201:
4189:
4173:S. suricatta
4172:
4160:
4135:
4110:
4101:
4089:
4077:
4060:
4051:
4039:
4027:
3997:
3988:
3976:
3964:
3955:
3932:carnivorans)
3913:
3884:
3872:
3860:
3851:
3819:
3807:
3777:Herpestoidea
3740:Herpestoidea
3707:
3699:G. victoriae
3698:
3689:
3688:Cape genet (
3680:
3672:G. servalina
3671:
3662:
3661:King genet (
3654:G. piscivora
3653:
3644:
3635:
3626:
3618:G. johnstoni
3617:
3608:
3599:
3590:
3581:
3572:
3554:
3543:P. leightoni
3542:
3533:
3515:
3490:
3481:
3473:V. megaspila
3472:
3464:V. civettina
3463:
3451:
3439:
3430:
3415:
3399:
3372:
3363:
3354:
3342:
3330:
3321:
3312:
3303:
3277:
3268:
3259:
3250:
3148:
3139:
3131:F. margarita
3130:
3121:
3112:
3111:Jungle cat (
3103:
3094:
3082:
3066:
3057:
3049:P. planiceps
3048:
3039:
3030:
3020:Prionailurus
3018:
3006:
2976:
2964:
2952:
2951:Jaguarundi (
2935:
2923:
2902:
2893:
2884:
2875:
2863:
2851:
2842:
2833:
2824:
2815:
2806:
2798:L. geoffroyi
2797:
2788:
2787:Pampas cat (
2776:
2760:
2751:
2739:
2727:
2697:
2688:
2676:
2665:P. marmorata
2664:
2652:
2632:
2607:
2598:
2589:
2580:
2571:
2559:
2547:
2538:
2526:
2481:
2472:
2455:
2428:
2381:Superorder:
2375:Infraclass:
2283:. Retrieved
2269:
2263:
2257:
2248:
2233:
2224:
2210:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2138:
2134:
2124:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2069:
2060:
2027:
2023:
2010:
1993:
1989:
1979:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1944:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1903:(1): 61–65.
1900:
1896:
1890:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1862:
1856:
1815:
1811:
1805:
1793:. Retrieved
1783:
1756:
1752:
1742:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1697:
1683:(1–2): 1–9.
1680:
1676:
1670:
1635:
1631:
1621:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1480:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1421:
1417:
1408:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1341:
1335:
1294:
1290:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1224:(1): 37–43.
1221:
1217:
1211:
1202:
1196:
1166:(1): 41–45.
1163:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1051:
1042:
1036:
993:
989:
967:
961:
952:
913:(1): 17–24.
910:
906:
902:
896:
884:. Retrieved
880:
871:
852:
846:
840:
809:South Africa
802:
799:
771:
748:
738:
724:
709:
700:availability
684:
612:
570:
564:
540:
524:
488:Indian Ocean
484:Heard Island
445:
414:
411:Distribution
406:
402:
391:
375:
355:Heard Island
330:
326:
322:
319:A. australis
318:
314:
310:
304:
299:
295:
293:
280:Subantarctic
269:
264:
263:
259:
257:
227:
225:
209:
208:
196:
169:
29:
8079:SeaLifeBase
7936:iNaturalist
7856:Wikispecies
7780:M. sibirica
7762:M. putorius
7735:M. nigripes
7717:M. lutreola
7690:M. haidarum
7586:N. africana
7549:A. congicus
7540:A. cinereus
7531:A. capensis
7431:Sea otter (
7409:L. provocax
7316:I. striatus
7237:Ictonychini
7132:M. melampus
7044:Wolverine (
7022:P. pennanti
6945:M. moschata
6936:M. everetti
6882:M. leucurus
6840:A. hoevenii
6831:A. collaris
6781:M. capensis
6676:N. olivacea
6591:Olinguito (
6547:Bassaricyon
6534:P. pygmaeus
6464:Bassariscus
6437:Procyonidae
6412:S. putorius
6403:S. gracilis
6321:M. mephitis
6312:M. macroura
6206:Red panda (
6186:Musteloidea
6147:Ross seal (
6100:Lobodontini
6032:Neomonachus
5960:P. sibirica
5918:P. vitulina
5883:Grey seal (
5865:Harp seal (
5757:A. pusillus
5721:A. forsteri
5556:Callorhinus
5490:Pinnipedia
5449:Musteloidea
5221:C. simensis
5185:C. lupaster
5054:Hoary fox (
5047:L. sechurae
5020:L. fulvipes
5011:L. culpaeus
4907:(true dogs)
4866:Swift fox (
4841:V. macrotis
4733:Nyctereutes
4642:Caniformia
4587:H. ochracea
4545:B. nigripes
4536:B. jacksoni
4423:U. javanica
4340:Herpestinae
4315:C. obscurus
4306:C. ansorgei
4286:Crossarchus
4142:(mongooses)
4131:Herpestidae
4111:S. durrelli
4102:S. concolor
4052:G. fasciata
3989:E. goudotii
3910:Herpestidae
3820:P. cristata
3681:G. thierryi
3636:G. maculata
3600:G. cristata
3591:G. bourloni
3344:Paradoxurus
3302:Binturong (
3241:Hemigalinae
3218:Viverroidea
3181:Viverroidea
3140:F. nigripes
2992:Leopard cat
2977:P. concolor
2894:L. pardinus
2843:L. tigrinus
2834:L. pardalis
2825:L. jacobita
2816:L. guttulus
2789:L. colocola
2548:N. nebulosa
2518:Pantherinae
2398:Feliformia
2285:19 November
1718:: 251–264.
1424:: 171–181.
577:. The fish
448:circumpolar
361:Description
315:A. forsteri
92:Appendix II
8127:Categories
7753:M. nudipes
7744:M. nivalis
7708:M. kathiah
7663:M. erminea
7654:M. altaica
7604:N. frenata
7595:N. felipei
7565:Mustelinae
7307:I. libycus
7221:G. vittata
7087:M. caurina
6864:M. anakuma
6742:Mustelidae
6729:Mustelidae
6705:see below↓
6696:Mustelidae
6593:B. neblina
6504:(raccoons)
6475:B. astutus
6473:Ringtail (
6449:Kinkajou (
6421:S. pygmaea
6362:M. marchei
6220:Mephitidae
6088:M. leonina
5980:Monachinae
5951:P. hispida
5942:P. caspica
5739:A. gazella
5671:N. cinerea
5567:C. ursinus
5505:Odobenidae
5458:see below↓
5438:see below↓
5422:Pinnipedia
5340:Sun bear (
5307:T. ornatus
5296:Tremarctos
5272:Ailuropoda
5210:Red wolf (
5176:C. latrans
5099:L. adustus
5056:L. vetulus
5029:L. griseus
4959:Bush dog (
4850:V. pallida
4848:Pale fox (
4832:V. lagopus
4803:Cape fox (
4683:Gray fox (
4441:U. smithii
4273:H. parvula
4264:H. hirtula
4152:Mungotinae
4041:Galidictis
4014:Galidiinae
3942:Euplerinae
3925:Eupleridae
3914:sensu lato
3885:C. crocuta
3818:Aardwolf (
3749:see below↓
3690:G. tigrina
3663:G. poensis
3645:G. pardina
3627:G. letabae
3609:G. genetta
3507:Genettinae
3491:V. zibetha
3411:Viverrinae
3400:sensu lato
3395:Viverrinae
3364:P. jerdoni
3231:Viverridae
3190:see below↓
3129:Sand cat (
2936:A. jubatus
2761:C. caracal
2654:Pardofelis
2473:P. linsang
2414:Feliformia
1865:: 163–190.
1795:1 December
886:14 January
819:References
778:vulnerable
720:extinction
583:myctophids
551:gregarious
531:polygynous
425:population
335:Scotia Arc
300:Arctophoca
176:Pinnipedia
7699:M. itatsi
7633:(weasels)
7496:Lutrogale
7433:E. lutris
7391:L. felina
7200:(grisons)
7123:M. martes
7066:(martens)
6984:Guloninae
6770:Mellivora
6643:N. narica
6584:B. medius
6575:B. gabbii
6566:B. alleni
6554:(olingos)
6523:Raccoon (
6375:Spilogale
6261:C. chinga
6242:Conepatus
6198:Ailuridae
5997:Monachini
5909:P. largha
5579:Otariinae
5542:sea lions
5537:fur seals
5528:Otariidae
5413:Mustelida
5384:U. arctos
5246:Arctoidea
5203:C. lycaon
5158:C. aureus
5088:Lupulella
5000:Lycalopex
4877:V. vulpes
4875:Red fox (
4839:Kit fox (
4814:V. corsac
4558:Herpestes
4171:Meerkat (
3930:(Malagasy
3832:Hyaeninae
3793:Hyaenidae
3708:G. felina
3122:F. lybica
2934:Cheetah (
2852:L. wiedii
2841:Oncilla (
2807:L. guigna
2778:Leopardus
2759:Caracal (
2752:C. aurata
2687:Bay cat (
2608:P. pardus
2606:Leopard (
2581:P. tigris
2539:N. diardi
2457:Prionodon
2357:Kingdom:
2346:Carnivora
2234:cites.org
2090:: 17–20.
1878:Geography
1759:: 77–94.
935:130520115
881:cites.org
805:Australia
744:predation
688:abundance
535:Gestation
510:Behaviour
504:Argentina
494:. During
480:Kerguelen
398:leucistic
387:vibrissae
204:Species:
186:Otariidae
163:Carnivora
129:Kingdom:
123:Eukaryota
8092:Species+
8006:14001001
7954:11130849
7841:Wikidata
7679:Ferret (
7613:N. vison
7474:L. lutra
7342:(otters)
7336:Lutrinae
7193:Galictis
7105:M. foina
7020:Fisher (
6908:Melogale
6891:M. meles
6811:Arctonyx
6656:Nasuella
6634:N. nasua
6611:(coatis)
6525:P. lotor
6301:Mephitis
6060:Mirounga
5810:Phocinae
5791:Phocidae
5660:Neophoca
5606:Zalophus
5513:Walrus (
5212:C. rufus
5194:C. lupus
5174:Coyote (
5009:Culpeo (
4950:Speothos
4886:V. zerda
4868:V. velox
4805:V. chama
4516:Bdeogale
4414:U. fusca
4253:Helogale
4223:M. mungo
4162:Suricata
4091:Salanoia
3998:E. major
3978:Eupleres
3809:Proteles
3798:(hyenas)
3562:(genets)
3113:F. chaus
3104:F. catus
3095:F. bieti
2975:Cougar (
2925:Acinonyx
2903:L. rufus
2901:Bobcat (
2850:Margay (
2832:Ocelot (
2805:Kodkod (
2726:Serval (
2689:C. badia
2678:Catopuma
2588:Jaguar (
2572:P. uncia
2561:Panthera
2528:Neofelis
2446:Feloidea
2377:Eutheria
2371:Mammalia
2365:Chordata
2363:Phylum:
2359:Animalia
2157:22740529
2116:27147885
2052:19703780
1840:25056064
1662:17584388
1613:23200689
1562:17287726
1519:24773968
1389:20210934
1188:19394565
1141:24262318
1090:17032266
1028:24198934
733:Trawling
698:on prey
645:and the
603:foraging
560:solitary
547:moulting
527:breeding
382:pinniped
378:fur seal
307:otariids
290:Taxonomy
182:Family:
153:Mammalia
143:Chordata
139:Phylum:
133:Animalia
119:Domain:
79:IUCN 3.1
7993:1005899
7928:2433472
7847:Q571449
7681:M. furo
7626:Mustela
7575:Neogale
7422:Enhydra
7296:Ictonyx
7255:Vormela
7212:G. cuja
7139:Sable (
7046:G. gulo
7011:Pekania
6996:Tayra (
6793:Melinae
6605:Nasuina
6497:Procyon
5853:Phocini
5492:(seals)
5427:(seals)
5319:Ursinae
5261:(bears)
5256:Ursidae
5132:Dhole (
4922:(zorro)
4796:V. cana
4706:Vulpini
4674:Urocyon
4658:Canidae
4450:U. urva
3954:Fossa (
3874:Crocuta
3556:Genetta
3453:Viverra
2994:lineage
2916:lineage
2885:L. lynx
2741:Caracal
2715:lineage
2713:Caracal
2645:lineage
2643:Bay cat
2629:Felinae
2590:P. onca
2579:Tiger (
2499:Felidae
2369:Class:
2348:species
2344:Extant
2180:Bibcode
2107:4806802
2032:Bibcode
1990:Ecology
1905:Bibcode
1848:4463058
1820:Bibcode
1761:Bibcode
1720:Bibcode
1640:Bibcode
1593:Bibcode
1570:1172329
1542:Bibcode
1499:Bibcode
1426:Bibcode
1369:Bibcode
1261:Bibcode
1226:Bibcode
1168:Bibcode
1121:Bibcode
1070:Bibcode
1019:3810869
998:Bibcode
915:Bibcode
755:fishing
751:hunting
712:sealing
706:Threats
587:icefish
555:asocial
543:ecology
192:Genus:
159:Order:
149:Class:
94: (
77: (
8110:231404
8058:336157
8045:231404
7967:180630
7897:ARKive
7371:Lontra
7059:Martes
6334:Mydaus
6228:skunks
5192:Wolf (
5072:Canina
4902:Canini
4766:Vulpes
4662:(dogs)
4203:Mungos
3517:Poiana
2599:P. leo
2597:Lion (
2503:(cats)
2155:
2114:
2104:
2050:
1884:: 2–7.
1846:
1838:
1812:Nature
1660:
1611:
1568:
1560:
1534:Nature
1517:
1387:
1186:
1139:
1098:837633
1096:
1088:
1026:
1016:
933:
813:France
728:CCAMLR
621:, and
591:skates
496:winter
341:, and
237:, 1875
235:Peters
8105:WoRMS
8084:68955
8071:71844
8032:80633
8019:37190
7949:IRMNG
7941:41751
7915:5W3QR
7520:Aonyx
7463:Lutra
6853:Meles
6623:Nasua
5898:Phoca
5355:Ursus
5147:Canis
4774:foxes
3084:Felis
2309:CITES
2048:S2CID
2020:(PDF)
1844:S2CID
1609:S2CID
1566:S2CID
1515:S2CID
1414:(PDF)
1385:S2CID
1327:(PDF)
1184:S2CID
1137:S2CID
1094:S2CID
931:S2CID
786:krill
759:fauna
655:squid
639:krill
635:krill
627:Birds
623:squid
615:krill
575:squid
170:Clade
96:CITES
90:CITES
8097:8289
8040:OBIS
8014:NCBI
7980:2058
7975:IUCN
7962:ITIS
7923:GBIF
7035:Gulo
5931:Pusa
4376:Urva
2966:Puma
2914:Puma
2865:Lynx
2287:2021
2270:2016
2153:PMID
2112:PMID
1836:PMID
1797:2022
1658:PMID
1558:PMID
1458:)".
1086:PMID
1024:PMID
888:2022
853:2016
753:and
692:IUCN
653:and
651:fish
619:fish
609:Diet
599:diet
595:rays
593:and
579:prey
541:The
482:and
417:seal
376:The
353:and
258:The
8001:MSW
7988:MDD
7910:CoL
7884:AFD
7871:ADW
2274:doi
2196:hdl
2188:doi
2143:doi
2102:PMC
2092:doi
2040:doi
1998:doi
1967:doi
1963:249
1913:doi
1828:doi
1816:551
1769:doi
1757:310
1728:doi
1716:219
1685:doi
1681:395
1648:doi
1601:doi
1550:doi
1538:445
1507:doi
1468:doi
1434:doi
1422:140
1377:doi
1299:doi
1295:338
1269:doi
1234:doi
1176:doi
1129:doi
1078:doi
1014:PMC
1006:doi
923:doi
857:doi
716:fur
8129::
8107::
8094::
8081::
8068::
8055::
8042::
8029::
8016::
8003::
7990::
7977::
7964::
7951::
7938::
7925::
7912::
7899::
7886::
7873::
7858::
7843::
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2026:.
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